CN107484606B - Shaping method for cultivating young kiwi fruit trees - Google Patents
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a shaping method for cultivating young kiwi trees, which is characterized in that in the growth process of the young kiwi trees, the main vines and the lateral vines are trimmed, shaped and cultivated, and finally: a tree form of a main stem, two main vines and eight lateral vines. Compared with the prior art, the method has the following advantages: firstly, a task target is determined for sapling cultivation and shaping, a set of standardized operation specifications is provided, and standardized garden building for large-scale cultivation is facilitated; secondly, tree forms of tree vigor are concise and regular, field operation and management are facilitated, and production cost is reduced; thirdly, the tree shape of the tree vigor is reasonably constructed, the function division is clear, the space utilization rate is high, the balance of vegetative growth and reproductive growth of plants is ensured, the guarantee is provided for high quality, high yield and stable yield, and the quality of fruits is improved; fourthly, branches and tendrils grow vigorously, the garden sealing rate can reach 100%, wind scars and sun burning hazards are reduced, the high-quality fruit rate is improved, the commodity fruit rate can reach more than 95%, even bagging treatment can be avoided, and conditions are created for reducing cost and increasing income of fruit growers.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention relates to a shaping method for cultivating young kiwi fruit trees, in particular to large-scale field cultivation.
Background art:
as is known, the kiwi fruit is a perennial vine fruit tree, the branches grow rapidly, the economic life can exceed 50 years, the kiwi fruit cannot grow vertically, in order to prevent the branches and the vines from being intertwined, reasonable frame building support is selected to provide a growth space for the kiwi fruit, and a reasonable shaping mode is matched under a specific frame surface, so that the plants can keep robust growth and good fruiting capacity for a long time. With the large-area planting of the kiwi fruits, the standardized cultivation management is the key of large-scale management, and the good tree form is the basis of high quality and high yield of the kiwi fruits.
At present, the prior art has no clear technical standard for cultivating the kiwi fruit tree form and has the defects of unclear branch and vine division, unstable yield, unbalanced vegetative growth and reproductive growth of plants and the like. A large number of practices prove that: good tree shape is a basic guarantee for realizing high yield, high quality and stable yield, shaping is a basis for constructing the good tree shape of the kiwi fruits, the quality of shaping directly influences the growth results of years later, shaping is carried out according to standards from the beginning of garden building, and otherwise, the irregular tree shape is difficult to reform after the kiwi fruits grow.
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a standardized shaping method for cultivating young kiwi fruit trees, which has the advantages of clear branch and vine division, balanced vegetative growth and reproductive growth of plants and capability of realizing high quality, high yield and stable yield.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention is realized in the following technical scheme: a shaping method for cultivating young kiwi trees comprises the steps of trimming and shaping a main stem, a main vine and a lateral vine of each young kiwi tree and cultivating the tree vigor of each young kiwi tree in the growing process of the young kiwi trees by utilizing greenhouse stringing, and is characterized in that:
a. culturing the main stem: the grafted annual tree is a key period for culturing the trunk, and the main task of pruning and shaping in summer and winter is to thicken and straighten the trunk so as to meet the framework support of the growth of a main vine, and the specific method comprises the following steps: firstly, after grafting in a seedling stage, selecting and reserving an upright branch and vine, using a traction rope to pull the branch and vine to enable the branch and vine to grow upright and avoid being blown off by wind, reserving 1-2 lateral buds at a root and stem part, and repeatedly pinching until the branch and vine grow to 40cm to promote branch and leaf production and nutrient supply for main trunk growth; secondly, strengthening the upright trunk in time, timely pinching or cutting off when the top end becomes delicate or bent in spring and growing prosperous branches and tendrils, and removing other side buds on the trunk to ensure thickening and upright growth of the trunk; thirdly, when the top end of the trunk grows to exceed 30cm above the trellis line in summer and the thickness of the trunk of the grafted bud reaches 1cm, the trunk is cut back to 50cm below the trellis line, and only two full buds are left at the cut for culturing into two main vines; and
b. culturing main vines: the key period for culturing the main tendrils of the grafted biennial trees; after the main trunk of the annual tree is cultured in a heavy mode, the two main vines are cultured in a heavy mode for the biennial tree, the main task of pruning and shaping in summer and winter is to enable the main vines to be thickened and shaped so as to ensure that the side vines are supported by a firm frame surface, and the specific method is as follows: firstly, two full buds reserved at a cut are led to be sprouted into two main vines, and the main vines and extension lines of trunks form an included angle of 60-70 degrees; secondly, when the two main vines grow to 50-60 cm, the two main vines are respectively bound on the stringing along the shed stringing, and only one main vine is bound at a vine dividing position during binding, so that the main vines naturally grow; thirdly, when the main vines grow to be 100-110 cm, pinching and tip twisting are carried out, so that the main vines are thickened, lateral branch growth is promoted, and proper binding is carried out to avoid being blown off by wind and guarantee the growth direction of the main vines; fourthly, during winter pruning, strengthening and cutting two main vines and culturing side vines, during cutting, shortening the main vines to the position with the thickness of 1cm of the branches, reserving an upward terminal bud at a cut, keeping the distance between the cut and the reserved bud at 3cm, and meanwhile, performing anti-freezing treatment to avoid the influence of frostbite of the terminal bud on growth of the main vines in the year; and
c. culturing lateral vines: the three-year-old tree after grafting is a key period for lateral vine culture; on the basis of two main tendrils of the biennial trees which are mainly cultured, the lateral tendrils of the three-year trees are mainly cultured, the main task of pruning and shaping in summer and winter is to determine the number of the lateral branches according to the strength of the main trunk and the main tendrils so as to realize the purpose of fixed yield of the trees, and the specific method is as follows: firstly, the reserved quantity of lateral branches is determined according to the thickness of a main vine, especially the reserved quantity of the lateral branches is determined according to the situation of tree vigor when the pruning is carried out in winter in the first year on a shelf, and the standard is as follows: when the thickness of the branches at the top ends of the main vines reaches 1.5cm or more, selecting 3-4 lateral intercrossing lateral branches of each main vine according to the distance of 30cm to culture the main vines at two sides of the main vines, selecting 1-2 lateral intercrossing lateral branches when the thickness of the branches at the top ends of the main vines is less than 1.5cm, and not remaining the lateral branches to culture tree vigor when the thickness of the branches at the top ends of the main vines is less than 1 cm; secondly, the growth vigour of the two main vines needs to be balanced, when the growth vigour of the two main vines is inconsistent, the weaker main vines are more heavily pruned than the stronger main vines, the number of reserved lateral branches of the strong vines is more than that of the weaker vines, and the number of reserved lateral branches is finally reached after the strong vines grow; thirdly, in the growth process of the lateral vines, cutting short according to the growth strength of the lateral vines, reserving 6-8 plump buds to cultivate the lateral vines when the thickness reaches 1cm or more, reserving only 4-6 plump buds when the thickness is more than 0.8 and less than 1cm, and pruning the final branch length of each lateral vine to be 150cm until the number of reserved lateral branches is reached at last after the lateral vines grow; fourthly, after the pruning is finished, the branches and tendrils are timely bound on the stringing by using soft ropes so as to correct and fix the growth direction of the branches and tendrils, the effective utilization of space is ensured, and the buds are not damaged when the branches and tendrils are bound; and
d. and (3) cultivation of tree vigor: and finally forming by culturing the main stem, the main tendrils and the lateral tendrils: a tree form of a main stem, two main vines and eight lateral vines; the more straight the trunk is, the more beneficial to nutrition transportation, and the optimal height is 170 cm; the main vines are cultured to transversely grow in parallel towards two sides at an included angle of 60-70 degrees between the main vines and the extension line of the main stem at a position 20cm below the rack, and are also straight, and the optimal length of the main vines is 100-150 cm; the optimal 4 branches of the lateral vines are arranged on the main vines on each side, the length of the lateral vines is 150cm, and the lateral branches on the lateral vines are replaced in the following years after fruit bearing, and the specific method is as follows: the reserved spring tips are selected beside the lateral branches of the current year of bearing as bearing branches of the next year, so that the rotation of the bearing branches every year is guaranteed, nutrition supply is provided for the bearing branches of the current year, and the lateral branches are alternately updated, so that the stable and high yield of the current year is guaranteed.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages: firstly, a task target is determined for sapling cultivation and shaping, a set of standardized operation specifications is provided, and standardized garden building for large-scale cultivation is facilitated; secondly, tree forms of tree vigor are concise and regular, field operation and management are facilitated, and production cost is reduced; thirdly, the tree shape of the tree vigor is reasonably constructed, the function division is clear, the space utilization rate is high, the balance of vegetative growth and reproductive growth of plants is ensured, the guarantee is provided for high quality, high yield and stable yield, and the quality of fruits is improved; fourthly, branches and tendrils grow vigorously, the garden sealing rate can reach 100%, wind scars and sun burning hazards are reduced, the high-quality fruit rate is improved, the commodity fruit rate can reach more than 95%, even bagging treatment can be avoided, and conditions are created for reducing cost and increasing income of fruit growers.
Description of the drawings:
the invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings (examples):
FIG. 1 is a tree shape diagram of the tree potential cultivated by the present invention.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
referring to fig. 1, a tree shape with a specific tree vigor finally constructed after saplings are cultivated and shaped is shown. It can be seen that the tree shape of the tree is composed of a vertical main stem 1, two main vines 2 which transversely grow in parallel to two sides at an included angle of 60-70 degrees with the extension line of the main stem 1, and 4 lateral vines 3 which are laterally grown on the main vines 2 on each side. The specific cultivation method comprises the following steps:
1. culturing the main stem: the grafted annual tree is a key period for culturing the trunk, and the main task of pruning and shaping in summer and winter is to thicken and straighten the trunk so as to meet the framework support of the growth of a main vine, and the specific method comprises the following steps: firstly, after grafting in a seedling stage, selecting and reserving an upright branch and vine, using a traction rope to pull the branch and vine to enable the branch and vine to grow upright and avoid being blown off by wind, reserving 1-2 lateral buds at a root and stem part, and repeatedly pinching until the branch and vine grow to 40cm to promote branch and leaf production and nutrient supply for main trunk growth; secondly, strengthening the upright trunk in time, timely pinching or cutting off when the top end becomes delicate or bent in spring and growing prosperous branches and tendrils, and removing other side buds on the trunk to ensure thickening and upright growth of the trunk; thirdly, when the top end of the trunk grows to exceed 30cm above the trellis line in summer and the thickness of the trunk of the grafted bud reaches 1cm, the trunk is cut back to 50cm below the trellis line, and only two full buds are left at the cut for culturing into two main vines;
2. culturing main vines: the key period for culturing the main tendrils of the grafted biennial trees; after the main trunk of the annual tree is cultured in a heavy mode, the two main vines are cultured in a heavy mode for the biennial tree, the main task of pruning and shaping in summer and winter is to enable the main vines to be thickened and shaped so as to ensure that the side vines are supported by a firm frame surface, and the specific method is as follows: firstly, two full buds reserved at a cut are led to be sprouted into two main vines, and the main vines and extension lines of trunks form an included angle of 60-70 degrees; secondly, when the two main vines grow to 50-60 cm, the two main vines are respectively bound on the stringing along the shed stringing, and only one main vine is bound at a vine dividing position during binding, so that the main vines naturally grow; thirdly, when the main vines grow to be 100-110 cm, pinching and tip twisting are carried out, so that the main vines are thickened, lateral branch growth is promoted, and proper binding is carried out to avoid being blown off by wind and guarantee the growth direction of the main vines; fourthly, during winter pruning, strengthening and cutting two main vines and culturing side vines, during cutting, shortening the main vines to the position with the thickness of 1cm of the branches, reserving an upward terminal bud at a cut, keeping the distance between the cut and the reserved bud at 3cm, and meanwhile, performing anti-freezing treatment to avoid the influence of frostbite of the terminal bud on growth of the main vines in the year;
3. culturing lateral vines: the three-year-old tree after grafting is a key period for lateral vine culture; on the basis of two main tendrils of the biennial trees which are mainly cultured, the lateral tendrils of the three-year trees are mainly cultured, the main task of pruning and shaping in summer and winter is to determine the number of the lateral branches according to the strength of the main trunk and the main tendrils so as to realize the purpose of fixed yield of the trees, and the specific method is as follows: firstly, the reserved quantity of lateral branches is determined according to the thickness of a main vine, especially the reserved quantity of the lateral branches is determined according to the situation of tree vigor when the pruning is carried out in winter in the first year on a shelf, and the standard is as follows: when the thickness of the branches at the top ends of the main vines reaches 1.5cm or more, selecting 3-4 lateral intercrossing lateral branches of each main vine according to the distance of 30cm to culture the main vines at two sides of the main vines, selecting 1-2 lateral intercrossing lateral branches when the thickness of the branches at the top ends of the main vines is less than 1.5cm, and not remaining the lateral branches to culture tree vigor when the thickness of the branches at the top ends of the main vines is less than 1 cm; secondly, the growth vigour of the two main vines needs to be balanced, when the growth vigour of the two main vines is inconsistent, the weaker main vines are more heavily pruned than the stronger main vines, the number of reserved lateral branches of the strong vines is more than that of the weaker vines, and the number of reserved lateral branches is finally reached after the strong vines grow; thirdly, in the growth process of the lateral vines, cutting short according to the growth strength of the lateral vines, reserving 6-8 plump buds to cultivate the lateral vines when the thickness reaches 1cm or more, reserving only 4-6 plump buds when the thickness is more than 0.8 and less than 1cm, and pruning the final branch length of each lateral vine to be 150cm until the number of reserved lateral branches is reached at last after the lateral vines grow; fourthly, after the pruning is finished, the branches and tendrils are timely bound on the stringing by using soft ropes so as to correct and fix the growth direction of the branches and tendrils, the effective utilization of space is ensured, and the buds are not damaged when the branches and tendrils are bound;
4. and (3) cultivation of tree vigor: and finally forming by culturing the main stem, the main tendrils and the lateral tendrils: a tree form of a main stem, two main vines and eight lateral vines; the more straight the trunk is, the more beneficial to nutrition transportation, and the optimal height is 170 cm; the main vines are cultured to transversely grow in parallel towards two sides at an included angle of 60-70 degrees between the main vines and the extension line of the main stem at a position 20cm below the rack, and are also straight, and the optimal length of the main vines is 100-150 cm; the optimal 4 branches of the lateral vines are arranged on the main vines on each side, the length of the lateral vines is 150cm, and the lateral branches on the lateral vines are replaced in the following years after fruit bearing, and the specific method is as follows: the reserved spring tips are selected beside the lateral branches bearing fruits in the current year to serve as bearing branches in the next year, so that the rotation of the bearing branches in each year is guaranteed, nutrition supply is provided for the bearing branches in the current year, the lateral branches are alternately updated, the stable yield and the high yield in each year are guaranteed, under the condition that the nutrition supply of the tree body is sufficient and the tree trunk is allowed, each lateral branch averagely bears 10-15kg of fruits, a single tree can bear 80-100kg of fruits, the commodity fruit rate can reach more than 95%, and the yield per mu can reach 1000 plus 1500kg in a high-yield garden with the row spacing of 2m x 3 m.
In conclusion, the invention has been described in detail by way of specific examples, but it goes without saying that, on the basis of the method according to claim 1 of the invention, adaptation variations can be made in accordance with the general knowledge of the person skilled in the art, all without departing from the scope of protection of claim 1 of the invention, for example the requirements for the tree height, branch length and distance, which, although of importance for the nutritional balance of plant growth, space utilization, yield and construction of the garden, obviously do not have purely mathematically measured criteria.
Claims (1)
1. A shaping method for cultivating young kiwi trees comprises the steps of trimming and shaping a main stem, a main vine and a lateral vine of each young kiwi tree and cultivating the tree vigor of each young kiwi tree in the growing process of the young kiwi trees by utilizing greenhouse stringing, and is characterized in that:
a. culturing the main stem: the grafted annual tree is a key period for culturing the trunk, and the main task of pruning and shaping in summer and winter is to thicken and straighten the trunk so as to meet the framework support of the growth of a main vine, and the specific method comprises the following steps: firstly, after grafting in a seedling stage, selecting and reserving an upright branch and vine, drawing the branch and vine by using a drawing rope to enable the branch and vine to grow upright and avoid being blown off by wind, reserving 1-2 lateral buds at a root and stem part, and repeatedly pinching until the lateral buds grow to 40cm to promote branches and leaves to make nutrients for a main trunk to grow; secondly, strengthening the upright trunk in time, timely pinching or cutting off when the top end becomes delicate or bent in spring and growing prosperous branches and tendrils, and removing other side buds on the trunk to ensure thickening and upright growth of the trunk; thirdly, when the top end of the trunk grows to exceed 30cm above the trellis line in summer and the thickness of the trunk reaches 1cm, the trunk is cut back to 50cm below the trellis line, and only two full buds are left at the cut for culturing into two main vines; and
b. culturing main vines: the key period for culturing the main tendrils of the grafted biennial trees; after the main trunk of the annual tree is cultured in a heavy mode, the two main vines are cultured in a heavy mode for the biennial tree, the main task of pruning and shaping in summer and winter is to enable the main vines to be thickened and shaped so as to ensure that the side vines are supported by a firm frame surface, and the specific method is as follows: firstly, two plump buds reserved at a cut are pumped and sent into two main vines; secondly, when the two main vines grow to 50-60 cm, the two main vines are respectively bound on the trellis lines along the trellis lines, and only one main vine is bound at a vine dividing position during binding, so that the main vines naturally grow; thirdly, when the main vines grow to be 100-110 cm, pinching and tip twisting are carried out, so that the main vines are thickened, lateral branch growth is promoted, and proper binding is carried out to avoid being blown off by wind and guarantee the growth direction of the main vines; fourthly, during winter pruning, strengthening and cutting two main vines and culturing side vines, during cutting, shortening the main vines to the position with the thickness of 1cm of the branches, reserving an upward terminal bud at a cut, keeping the distance between the cut and the reserved bud at 3cm, and meanwhile, performing anti-freezing treatment to avoid the influence of frostbite of the terminal bud on growth of the main vines in the year; and
c. culturing lateral vines: the three-year-old tree after grafting is a key period for lateral vine culture; on the basis of two main tendrils of the biennial trees which are mainly cultured, the lateral tendrils of the three-year trees are mainly cultured, the main task of pruning and shaping in summer and winter is to determine the number of the lateral branches according to the strength of the main trunk and the main tendrils so as to realize the purpose of fixed yield of the trees, and the specific method is as follows: firstly, the reserved quantity of lateral branches is determined according to the thickness of a main vine, and the standard is as follows: when the thickness of the branches at the top ends of the main vines reaches 1.5cm or more, selecting 3-4 lateral intercrossing lateral branches of each main vine according to the distance of 30cm to culture the main vines at two sides of the main vines, selecting 1-2 lateral intercrossing lateral branches when the thickness of the branches at the top ends of the main vines is less than 1.5cm, and not remaining the lateral branches to culture tree vigor when the thickness of the branches at the top ends of the main vines is less than 1 cm; secondly, the growth vigour of the two main vines needs to be balanced, when the growth vigour of the two main vines is inconsistent, the weaker main vines are more heavily pruned than the stronger main vines, the number of reserved lateral branches of the strong vines is more than that of the weaker vines, and the number of reserved lateral branches is finally reached after the strong vines grow; thirdly, in the growth process of the lateral vines, cutting short according to the growth strength of the lateral vines, reserving 6-8 plump buds to cultivate the lateral branches of the lateral vines when the thickness reaches 1cm or more, reserving only 4-6 plump buds when the thickness is more than 0.8 and less than 1cm until the number of reserved lateral branches is reached at last after the lateral vines grow, and trimming the final branch length of each lateral vine to 150 cm; fourthly, after the pruning is finished, the branches and tendrils are timely bound on the stringing by using soft ropes so as to correct and fix the growth direction of the branches and tendrils, the effective utilization of space is ensured, and the buds are not damaged when the branches and tendrils are bound; and
d. and (3) cultivation of tree vigor: and finally forming by culturing the main stem, the main tendrils and the lateral tendrils: a tree form of a main stem, two main vines and eight lateral vines; the more straight the main stem is, the more beneficial to nutrition transportation; the main vines are cultured to transversely grow in parallel towards two sides at an included angle of 60-70 degrees between the main vines and the extension line of the main stem at a position 20cm below the shelf, and lateral branches on the lateral vines are replaced year by year after fruit hanging, and the specific method comprises the following steps: the reserved spring tips are selected beside the lateral branches of the current year of bearing as bearing branches of the next year, so that the rotation of the bearing branches every year is guaranteed, nutrition supply is provided for the bearing branches of the current year, and the lateral branches are alternately updated, so that the stable and high yield of the current year is guaranteed.
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| CN108834624A (en) * | 2018-06-28 | 2018-11-20 | 贵州大学 | A method of prevent expensive long Kiwi berry spring slightly branch from fractureing |
| CN109006138B (en) * | 2018-08-17 | 2020-09-01 | 扬州杨氏猕猴桃科学研究所 | Frameless kiwi fruit cultivation method |
| CN109121968A (en) * | 2018-08-28 | 2019-01-04 | 常宁百茂佳果农业开发有限公司 | Tendril fruit tree lets alone grown cultures method |
| CN109302933B (en) * | 2018-10-12 | 2020-07-24 | 四川省农业科学院园艺研究所 | Rapid cultivation and shaping method for premature high-yield tree form of kiwi fruit |
| CN110771368A (en) * | 2019-11-07 | 2020-02-11 | 凉山彝族自治州亚热带作物研究所 | Kiwi fruit twisted branch strengthening and weak rapid racking trimming method |
| CN111837698B (en) * | 2020-07-29 | 2021-12-07 | 安康市农业科学研究院 | Kiwi fruit tree shaping method |
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