CN101836563A - Method for reshaping pear trees - Google Patents
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- CN101836563A CN101836563A CN 201010125619 CN201010125619A CN101836563A CN 101836563 A CN101836563 A CN 101836563A CN 201010125619 CN201010125619 CN 201010125619 CN 201010125619 A CN201010125619 A CN 201010125619A CN 101836563 A CN101836563 A CN 101836563A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for reshaping pear trees, relating to a method for reshaping fruit trees and comprising the following steps: (1) determining reasonable plantation density, wherein appropriately, the line spacing is 4m and the row spacing is 5-6m; (2) formulating an overall objective for culturing tree shapes, controlling the trunk height of a pear tree to be 0.7-0.8m and the distance away from the ground to be 0.8m, allocating two boughs along a progressive direction, and inducing horizontally; and allocating lateral branches at the two sides of the boughs, performing line spacing inducement through a mode for forming a dip angle of 45 degrees with the horizontal plane, and controlling the spacing between lateral branches to be 0.4-0.5m; (3) realizing tree shape culture by the steps of bough culturing and inducing, and reasonable allocating and trimming of lateral branches; and (4) constructing a framework adaptive to labor-saving reshaping, wherein the pear trees are V-shaped and U-shaped. The invention has the advantages as follows: (1) the reshaping technology has simple requirements and rapid speed; (2) the field operation is easy and has high efficiency; (3) the expansion of operation to an appropriate scale per capita is possible; and (4) the early-stage yielding ability is good.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the shaping methods of a planting fruit-trees, the shaping methods that particularly a kind of orthostatic growth, the Chinese pear that the tree height is big are set.
Background technology
Pears are one of main fruit trees of China.Pear tree area under cultivation, output all rank first in the world.In each planting fruit-trees of China, pear tree area, output occupy the 3rd inferior to apple, citrus.Be the torrid zone, subtropics pears district on the south the Changjiang river, mainly cultivate the Chinese pear kind.Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau Li Qu also mainly cultivates the Chinese pear kind.China's pear tree cultivation all is to be shaped as the master with the happy shape of layering traditionally, mainly contains to evacuate layering shape (layering shape is evacuated in improvement), spindle (elongated spindle, improvement spindle) etc.These are tree-like to have complete, the advantages such as skeleton is firm, the life-span is long, high yield, stable yields of tree body structure, but ubiquity fruit bearing shoot group thick, to set height big, is not easy to operation, extensive management; Cause bough many and disorderly, upsets tree-likely, the bearing capacity of aging branch group and fruit quality be decline year by year also.
Since the nineties in last century, along with international, domestic trade competition are growing more intense, researcher just recognizes to have only the output under the high-quality prerequisite to be only the effective way that realizes modern high-efficiency agriculture deeply.Therefore, the layering shaping arbor cultivation that many research institutions are traditional with pears one after another, change leading domestic horizontal posture cultivation into, though horizontal posture cultivation has been downgraded tree crown than traditional arbor cultivation, has made things convenient for operation, has improved fruit quality, but operational comfort for people, still not ideal enough, the excessive operation of lying on one's back all day, raise one's hand, cervical vertebra, arm are very arduous really.How on the basis of horizontal posture cultivation, it is lighter further to improve innovation one cover operation, and efficiency is higher, and output is better, quality does not subtract, the new cultivation mode of peasant's easily-learned easily mastered, the emphasis that has become countries in the world pear tree scientific worker to study in recent years.
Chinese pear " V " font dwarfing culture new model, make very hard originally work become carefree operation, shorten to 1/3 of horizontal posture cultivation the working time of unit are, improved operating efficiency greatly, can appropriateness enlarge scale of operation per capita, improve the scale management benefit, reduce production cost of products significantly, improve the competitiveness of product in market.Yield level is compared with horizontal posture cultivation, is guaranteeing can increase under the prerequisite that quality does not descend more than 30%, and under the situation that equal price realizes selling, unit are increases income more than 30%.And easily-learned easily mastered, receive easily the rural migrant worker that returns to one's native place come employment, start an undertaking, agricultural is continued to increase income, rural society is stable all to have certain realistic meaning.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is many and disorderly, the bearing capacity and the fruit quality of aging branch group descend in order to solve traditional bough that shaping methods causes, and the tree type that discloses a kind of suitable Chinese pear saving of labor, laborsavingization cultivation is cultivated new method; The side shoot configuration of this method is rationally suitable prunes; And the posture that is adapted to laborsavingization shaping is built;
The technical scheme that realizes the foregoing invention purpose is as follows: the shaping methods of pear tree, and its step is as follows:
One, reasonable plantation density: be advisable with line-spacing 4-5 rice, spacing in the rows 5-6 rice;
Two, the tree type overall goal of cultivating: the trunk height is controlled at 0.7～0.8m, is equipped with 2 major branches and level apart from ground 0.8m direct motion direction and lures and draw; The major branch both sides are equipped with side shoot, are 45 degree inclination angles with level and lure in the ranks and draw, and side shoot homonymy spacing remains on 0.4～0.5m; Side shoot can be used for result for many years, and every 5-6 upgrades once; Wherein said pear tree shape is " V " font, " U " font or other similar structures;
Three, tree-like incubation:
(1) cultivation of major branch, induce: in 1 year spring after the field planting, it is sharply crooked that the young sprout base portion is sprained the back, makes the preparation major branch horizontal and be fixed with timber or iron wire; Major branch fractures easily when preventing shaping, and is extremely important at the field planting young sprout of how selecting and remain then, if with row to the parallel young sprout that sends, young sprout is easy to fracture or base portion splits in the operating process; Specific practice is: at first be the spreading angle that strengthens young sprout and trunk, 1-2 the bud that the nursery stock tip is sent carries out pinching (cry again and sacrifice bud) then, and 2 young sprouts sprouting below are as the preparation major branch; Secondly, select perpendicular to row to young sprout that promptly (or operation road) direction sends towards in the ranks;
(2) reasonable disposition of side shoot and pruning:
After the major branch level is induced, according to the adnation position of bud on major branch, can be divided into following 5 types: bud, tiltedly bud, horizontal lateral bud, tiltedly bud, bud just down down up just up, wherein the young sprout growing way of bud and the oblique sprouting of bud up is prosperous excessively just up, not only influence the smooth prolongation of major branch, and cause the decline of major branch tip growing way easily; It is also short service life as side shoot itself simultaneously, and productivity is also low; Preferably select and remain the horizontal lateral bud of major branch both sides or tiltedly down the young sprout sprouted of bud make side shoot, the interval between the side shoot remains on 0.4～0.5m, guarantees ventilation and penetrating light; The young sprout of using as side shoot in the July of sprouting then, obliquely is 45 degree inclination angles with level in the ranks and induces, in order to promoting flower bud differentiation; Only wipe out during winter pruning about the 30cm of young sprout top, stay the collar extension bud to prune; The inclination angle of later side shoot remains unchanged, and just with the young sprout of side shoot tip sprouting, unification was cut about the 30cm of top, stayed the pruning of collar extension bud to get final product when cutting the annual winter.
Four, build the bracing frame of laborsavingization shaping:
Bury 1 cement pole in the middle of the per two strains tree of field planting row, apart from 1.2 meters on ground, 1.7 meters eminences, fixed length 80cm, 1.8 meters solid wooden stick or angle bar are done cross-arm, cross-arm two ends traction iron wire (8 respectively on the cement pole
#Number) be used for fixing side shoot.
Advantage of the present invention: this shaping and trimming method has following advantage:
1. the pruning technique requirement is simple, speed is fast,
" V " font or " U " font tree type cultural method are simple,, understand at a glance that technical key point is grasped easily even never cultivated the people of pear tree, and pruning speed are fast;
2. the field operation is light, efficient is high,
Fruit hangs over the position of suitable people's hand operated, as plucks flower bud, is pollinated, plucks fruit, bagging, laxative etc., and the make progress posture of operation of coming back significantly reduces, and the comfort level that has not only improved operation has also increased substantially operating efficiency;
3. expand agricultural operations to an appropriate scale enlarges and becomes possibility per capita
Because the change of pruning mode makes originally the very operation of hardships become very easily laborsaving.Area is managed in the cultivation of horizontal posture per capita can only be about 7 mu, and " V " font or " U " font cultivation mode are managed area per capita and can be reached 12-15 mu;
4. early high-yield is good
Owing to do not cultivate secondary scaffold branch on the major branch, direct give birth to the side shoot result, so tree-like cultivation is fast, the treelet phase can get bumper crops soon.The cultivation of horizontal posture usually behind 8-10 Cheng Yuan enter high yield period, and " V " font or " U " font type cultivation mode just can enter high yield period by Cheng Yuan on the 6th year, had done sth. in advance 3-4.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the final tree type schematic diagram of cultivating the pear tree of moulding;
Fig. 2 is the incubation schematic diagram of major branch;
Fig. 3 twists with the fingers the fall down schematic diagram of formation level dress of curved back direct motion for the young sprout base portion;
Fig. 4 is the vertical view of major branch level after inducing;
Fig. 5 is the bracing frame schematic diagram of the shaping in the whole pear tree of adaptation orchard.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with Figure of description and instantiation the present invention is described in detail.
Chinese pear " V " font or " U " font form culture technical research have been carried out in the Chinese pear experiment base of knob, the Jiangsu Zhenjiang institute of agricultural sciences for years, and the step of this method is as follows:
One,, at first needs rationally to determine density: be advisable with line-spacing k=4 rice, spacing in the rows c=5-6 rice as Fig. 1 and shown in Figure 5;
Two, wherein Figure 1 shows that the tree type of the pear tree of final cultivation moulding, be " V " font or " U " font; Wherein the tree type overall goal of cultivating is that the overall height of Chinese pear is controlled at a=2.5-3m, and wherein the trunk height is controlled at b=0.7～0.8m, is equipped with 2 major branches 2 and level apart from ground 0.8m position direct motion direction and lures and draw; Major branch 2 both sides are equipped with several side shoots 1, are 45 degree inclination angles with level and lure in the ranks and draw, and the homonymy spacing of side shoot 1 remains on d=0.4～0.5m; Side shoot 1 can be used for result for many years, and every 5-6 upgrades, changes branch once; Wherein said pear tree shape is " V " font, " U " font or other similar structures;
Three, tree-like incubation:
(1) cultivation of major branch, induces: as Fig. 2～shown in Figure 4, wherein Fig. 2 is the incubation schematic diagram of major branch, 1 year spring after the field planting, it at first is the spreading angle that strengthens young sprout and trunk 8,1-2 the bud that the nursery stock tip is sent carries out pinching and promptly plucks and sacrifice bud 4 then, the sacrifice bud 4 that is about among Fig. 2 is removed, and 2 young sprouts sprouting below are as the major branch 2 of preparation; Secondly, select perpendicular to row to the young sprout that promptly sends towards direction in the ranks; As shown in Figure 3, the base portion such as the arrow direction of young sprout are sprained sharply bending of back, lean against on the temporary fixed post 11 and tighten, make the major branch 2 of preparation horizontal with rope 12; And be " V " font or " U " font or other similar structures; Fig. 4 is seen in state diagram after wherein the major branch horizontal direction is induced;
(2) reasonable disposition of side shoot and pruning:
After major branch 2 levels are induced, according to the adnation position of bud on major branch 2, can be divided into just up bud, tiltedly bud, horizontal lateral bud, tiltedly bud, bud just down down up, wherein preferably select and remain the horizontal lateral bud of major branch 2 both sides or tiltedly down the young sprout sprouted of bud make side shoot 1, interval between the side shoot 1 remains on d=0.4～0.5m, guarantees ventilation and penetrating light; As the young sprout of side shoot 1 usefulness, in the July of sprouting then, obliquely be 45 degree inclination angles with level in the ranks and induce, in order to promoting flower bud differentiation; Only wipe out during winter pruning about the 30cm of young sprout top, stay the collar extension bud to prune; The inclination angle of later side shoot 1 remains unchanged, and just with the young sprout of side shoot 1 tip sprouting, unification was cut about the 30cm of top, stayed the pruning of collar extension bud to get final product when cutting the annual winter.And bud is prosperous excessively with the young sprout growing way of tiltedly bud sprouting up just up, not only influences the smooth prolongation of major branch 2, and causes the decline of major branch 2 tip growing ways easily; Simultaneously it is also short service life as side shoot 1 itself, and productivity is also low; Therefore should weed out, be " V " font, " U " font or other similar structures through the tree-like shape of Chinese pear after shaping, fixing, the induced growth; As shown in Figure 1.
Build the bracing frame of laborsavingization shaping at last:
As shown in Figure 5, bury 1 cement pole 9 in the middle of the per two strains tree of field planting row, apart from ground g=1.2 rice, f=1.7 rice eminence, the solid wooden stick or the angle bar of 0.8 meter, 1.8 meters of fixed length are done cross-arm 10, cross-arm 10 two ends traction iron wire 7 (8 respectively on the cement pole 9
#Number iron wire) is used for fixing side shoot 1.
Chinese pear " V " font or " U " font form culture technical research have been carried out in Chinese pear experiment base in knob, the Jiangsu Zhenjiang institute of agricultural sciences for years, and the Chinese pear tree with regard to identical orchard, the identical age of tree has carried out check experiment simultaneously,
Contrast orchard: do not adopt pruning technique of the present invention to handle, but adopted horizontal posture pruning technique to handle canopy, early high-yield is poor, and the biennial bearing phenomenon is serious, and fruit is not of uniform size, the fruit shape not just, selling price is low, income is low.
The test orchard: after adopting Chinese pear of the present invention " V " font or " U " font pruning technique to handle, early high-yield is good, do not have the biennial bearing difference, and the fruit shape is regular, and stature is big, and sugariness height, quality are good, the selling price height, and income is objective.Some other correction data sees Table 1
Table 1: the contrast of " V " font cultivation mode
| Planting type | Early high-yield (6 years before death) | The pruning technique requirement | The management complexity | The management recruitment time (hour/mu) | Can manage area (mu/people) per capita |
| The shaping of " V " font | Good | Simply | Easily | ??200 | ??12-15 |
| Horizontal posture shaping | Difference | Loaded down with trivial details | Difficulty | ??575 | ??7-8 |
Above result of the test shows: because " V " font pruning technique, do not cultivate secondary scaffold branch on its major branch, direct give birth to the side shoot result, so tree-like cultivation is fast, the treelet phase can get bumper crops soon.The cultivation of horizontal posture usually behind 8-10 Cheng Yuan enter high yield period, and " V " font cultivation mode just can enter high yield period by Cheng Yuan on the 6th year, had done sth. in advance 3-4.Simultaneously because the change of pruning mode makes originally the very operation of hardships become very easily laborsaving.Area is managed in the cultivation of horizontal posture per capita can only be about 7 mu, and " V " font cultivation mode is managed area per capita and can be reached 12-15 mu.
The invention is not restricted to these disclosed embodiments, the present invention will cover the scope described in the patent book, and the various modification of claim scope and equivalence variation.
Claims (3)
1. the shaping methods of a pear tree is characterized in that step is as follows:
One, reasonable plantation density: be advisable with 4 meters of line-spacings, spacing in the rows 5-6 rice;
Two, the tree type overall goal of cultivating: the trunk height is controlled at 0.7～0.8m, is equipped with 2 major branches and level apart from ground 0.8m direct motion direction and lures and draw; The major branch both sides are equipped with side shoot, are 45 degree inclination angles with level and lure in the ranks and draw, and side shoot homonymy spacing remains on 0.4～0.5m; Side shoot can be used for result for many years, and every 5-6 upgrades once;
Three, tree-like incubation:
(1) cultivation of major branch, induce: in 1 year spring after the field planting, it is sharply crooked that the young sprout base portion is sprained the back, makes the preparation major branch horizontal and be fixed with timber or iron wire; At first be the spreading angle that strengthens young sprout and trunk, 1-2 the bud that the nursery stock tip is sent carries out pinching then, and 2 young sprouts sprouting below are as the preparation major branch; Secondly, select perpendicular to row to promptly towards in the ranks or the young sprout that sends of operation road direction;
(2) reasonable disposition of side shoot and pruning:
After the major branch level was induced, the young sprout of the major branch both sides of selecting and remain was made side shoot, and the interval between the side shoot remains on 0.4～0.5m, guarantees ventilation and penetrating light; The young sprout of using as side shoot in the July of sprouting then, obliquely is 45 degree inclination angles with level in the ranks and induces, in order to promoting flower bud differentiation; Only wipe out during winter pruning about the 30cm of young sprout top, stay the collar extension bud to prune; The inclination angle of later side shoot remains unchanged, and just with the young sprout of side shoot tip sprouting, unification was cut about the 30cm of top, stayed the pruning of collar extension bud to get final product when cutting the annual winter;
Four, the posture that adapts to laborsavingization shaping is built:
Bury 1 cement pole in the middle of the per two strains tree of field planting row, apart from 1.2 meters on ground, 1.7 meters eminences, the solid wooden stick or the angle bar of 0.8 meter, 1.8 meters of fixed length are done cross-arm respectively on the cement pole, and cross-arm two ends traction iron wire is used for fixing side shoot.
2. the shaping methods of pear tree according to claim 1, what it is characterized in that the pear tree shaping is shaped as " V " font or " U " font.
3. the shaping methods of pear tree according to claim 1, it is characterized in that selecting and remain in the reasonable disposition of (2) side shoot in the step 3 and the pruning process the horizontal lateral bud of major branch both sides or tiltedly down the young sprout sprouted of bud make side shoot.
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| CN102138484A (en) * | 2011-03-18 | 2011-08-03 | 扬州大学 | Shaping and trimming method of crowns of pear trees |
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| CN102405811A (en) * | 2011-09-08 | 2012-04-11 | 砀山县水果协会 | Simplified pear tree trimming method |
| CN102487777A (en) * | 2011-12-30 | 2012-06-13 | 河北省农林科学院石家庄果树研究所 | Multi-main-branch open center tree shape of pear tree and pruning method for pear tree |
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