CN103477932B - Reshaping trimming method for inverted umbrella shape of persimmon tree - Google Patents
Reshaping trimming method for inverted umbrella shape of persimmon tree Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a reshaping trimming method for an inverted umbrella shape of a persimmon tree. The method specifically comprises after planting a seedling in spring, determining the stem height to be 40-50 cm high from the ground, generally speaking, 3-5 new shoots can grow from the cut; selecting one vertical and robust shoot from the top end to cultivate a central stem; selecting three new shoots in different directions under the central stem new shoot to cultivate principal branches, wherein the directions of the principal branches should obliquely face toward the line space with horizontal included angles of 120 degrees; during winner trimming, truncating the extended branch of the stem at the position of the 40-50 cm plump sprout to maintain the dominance of the central leading stem and truncating the principle stems at the position of 50 cm; after the plant sprouts in the next spring, continuously selecting a vertical and robust new shoot at the top of the central stem as an extended branch to maintain the dominance of the central stem and twisting rival shoots under the central stem. According to the reshaping trimming method for the inverted umbrella shape of the persimmon tree, the inverted umbrella-shaped persimmon tree is rapid in shaping, good in light illumination, early in blossoming and fruit bearing, high in yield and fruit quality and capable of facilitating manual or mechanical operation and management.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of fruit tree shaping trimming method, relate to a kind of persimmon specifically and fall the tree-like shaping and trimming method of umbrella shape.
Background technology
Persimmon dryness is strong, and grow vigorous, apical dominance is obvious.Past continues to use the large hat cultivation of thin planting always, and result is late, yields poorly.Some problems of persimmon pruning ubiquity: some masses thinks that persimmon need not be pruned mistakenly, let alone growth, some masses prunes blindly, make tree body unbalance, cause many persimmon gardens tree-like more disorderly, on tree, bough is many, sprig is few, and major branch angle is not opened a business, and ventilation and penetrating light is bad, interior thorax is hollow, setting fruit position moves outward, and beginning fruit-growing time is late, enters high yield late, yield poorly and unstable, high quality fruit is few.Adopt traditional shaping and trimming method, Chang Yinqi dryness is strong, causes tree-like high ambassador to pluck inconvenience.
Production is badly in need of short hat, easily printing opacity, the convenient cultivation Training system plucked and get bumper crops.Umbrella shape is tree-like can reach these requirements, and height of tree crown controls at 2.5 ~ 3m, and soon shaping, and result early, is got bumper crops.And technology is simple, manageability, is worth further research and extension.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that the present invention mainly solves is to provide a kind of persimmon and falls the tree-like shaping and trimming method of umbrella shape, and overcome defect and the deficiency of existing persimmon shape, reach saving of labor, manageability, ventilation and penetrating light is good, the object of high yield and high quality, is beneficial to apply aborning.
Provided by the present invention is that a kind of persimmon falls the tree-like shaping and trimming method of umbrella shape, and it comprises:
Within 1st year, prune: after spring seedling planting, surely at 40-50cm place to do, clip varnishes with lacquer; 3-5 young sprout can be sprouted under general clip, select from top 1 upright healthy and strong young sprout Culture Center to do; Second bud branch is generally competitive branch, is erased by competition twig when bud picking; The young sprout of 3 different azimuth of selecting and remain below the dry young sprout in center cultivates major branch, and will process early these major branches, make its opening angle, three major branch horizontal sextant angles are generally 120 °; All the other long shoots carry out taking branch, make it become horizontal, control its growth potential, promote shoot maturation and bud satiation, its early bearing short, in all the other brachyplast without exception slow put motionless; Young sprout enters the every strain under tree dish of vigorous growth after date and spreads fertilizer over the fields urea 50g, waters immediately, is total to Nitrogen Top Dressing 2-3 time then, impels branch to grow fast; Because persimmon polarity is strong, the dry clip branch in center can reach about 1.5m then; Winter, when cutting, to trunk elongated shoot at 40-50cm full bud place cutting back, leads dry advantage to keep center.Center is dry cut and cut after, carve bud in middle and lower part; Carry out cutting back at about 50cm place to major branch, clip bud stays lateral bud or outer bud, in all the other brachyplast without exception slow put motionless.
Within 2nd year, prune: rudiment Hou does at center top and continues to select a upright healthy and strong young sprout to do to extend the tip, keeps the growth vigor status that center is dry; In May, top branch is done to center and should adopt by branch, smooth out with the fingers the method control growing ways such as branch, to promote the growth of carving bud position branch; The young sprout that major branch top is sprouted, selects the work of a robust growth to extend the tip, all the other branches takes pinching, turns round tip side and go to control, or remove.Ensure major branch uniaxial extension, prevent major branch front end from occurring 3 fork branches or 4 fork branches, cause rear portion baldness; 15-20cm pinching can be stayed to the young sprout that major branch back sends, inspire branch, cultivate middle-size and small-size fruit-bearing shoot cluster; 7-8 month draws branch, all the time major branch Angle ambiguity closely horizontal, keep uniaxial extension; Winter, when cutting, takes the pruning of taking the lead with the weak bud of weak branch to the dry elongated shoot in center, the prosperous branch done at center is removed from base portion, and all the other branches are slow without exception to be put, and becomes its result of flower relief, and is transformed into medium and small fruit-bearing shoot cluster; Major branch elongated shoot takes the lead cutting back with strong bud, to be trained little fruit-bearing shoot cluster.The overstocked branch sprouted by interior thorax, upright water sprout and useless competitive branch all remove, and to improve the ventilation and penetrating light phenomenon in hat, reduce nutrient consumption and competition.
Within 3rd year, prune: look tree height and tree vigo(u)r power, dry for center elongated shoot is taken the lead gently or removed, and all the other branches do not want cutting back, put so that sparse branching is gentle, carry out retraction after result and upgrade.As dry in center too prosperous and powerful, also can carry out girdling process, to control growing way, prevent strong up and weak down; Slowly then put into colored branch and see that bud bounces back.In hat, overstocked useless branch suitably removes; Major branch extending head is strong bud cutting back generally, angle too small when the winter cuts also optional healthy and strong branch behind change a spreading angle.Growing season gets rid of to all the young sprout put on branch, when it grows to about 20cm, stay about 15cm pinching, impels it to be converted into medium fruit branch, and notes increasing application phosphorus potassium fertilizer.Autumn, major branch was all converted into medium and small fruit-bearing shoot cluster by the branch of evening up, and was evened up on the branch that gets rid of and put and formed leafage branch, fruit spur and medium fruit branch, and so far, tree body is shaped substantially, the 3rd year can a small amount of result.
Within 4th year, tree body starts large result, and young sprout growth eases up, and tree vigo(u)r is basicly stable, starts to enter high yield, stable production period.
Described tree-like be that 1 layer of major branch (base portion 3 major branches) and 1 center are done.
Described tree-like heading height 40 ~ 50cm.
Described tree-like major branch is no longer equipped with side shoot, and the left and right sides is directly equipped with large, medium and small type fruit-bearing shoot cluster.
Center more than described tree-like major branch is dry is evenly equipped with all kinds of branch group, and based on medium and small branch group.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: persimmon provided by the invention falls the tree-like shaping and trimming method of umbrella shape, and concrete advantage is as follows:
It solving that persimmon kind adopts conventional cosmetic trimming method to go into operation outside evening, setting fruit position to move, the deficiency of interior thorax branches and leaves baldness, is realize comparatively suitable tree-like of persimmon early bearing, early high yield.Persimmon adopts this tree-like, is conducive to strengthening tree body skeleton, strengthens anti-adversity ability; Growing season pinching, is conducive to impelling bud to break up in advance, avoids summer high temperature season, overcomes malformed fruit phenomenon and enhances the continuous bearing capacity of fruit-bearing shoot cluster.In addition, tree bottom two scaffold limb is step plane, and skeleton is firm, can be used as the ladder plucked persimmon fruit and trample, and is conducive to improving work efficiency.
Embodiment
Below preferred embodiment of the present invention is described in detail, can be easier to make advantages and features of the invention be readily appreciated by one skilled in the art, thus more explicit defining is made to protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the present invention comprises:
Test and carry out in Huayang garden, Jiangsu Hilly Ground Zhenjiang Agriculture Science Research Institute.Experimental cultivar is 4 years raw Japanese Sweet Persimmons ' secondary youth ', ' Buddhist temple ball ' persimmon.Adopt umbrella shape and evacuate layering shape tree-like, seeding row spacing 4m × 4m, north and south row to.
(1) process is implemented
Often kind tree-likely select 8 strains, individual plant is 1 community.The investigation height of tree, crown diameter, number of results, major branch extending head new-tip length and rugosity (base portion 5cm place).Select single fruit weight, fruit longitudinal and transverse demeter, the soluble solid content of 30 fruit investigation mellow fruits before gathering at random, data are averaged.Branch criteria for classification during investigation is that long shoot is greater than 50cm, middle branch 25 ~ 50cm, brachyplast 2 ~ 25cm, leafage branch are shorter than 2cm.
The mensuration of light intensity and photosynthetic parameters with " secondary youth " kind for research object.
Light intensity measures: with level meter and TASI-631 illuminometer dot type probe, and measurement processing tree different levels, the intensity of illumination at position and the natural daylight intensity of opening, its ratio is as its relative sunshine intensity (light transmittance).Test point 4 treatment regions, the test process of each district is randomized arrangement, tree-plot, repeats for 3 times.Light intensity measures a point direction, 4, east, south, west, north, then divides 4 sections in length and breadth equally by the different height of tree and branch exhibition, determines that the point that all directions are intersected in length and breadth is light intensity measuring point, i.e. every strain tree single light-metering point 36.Minute forms the initial stage due to leaf curtain and (June) forms final period (August) to leaf curtain, within monthly 5,15 and 25 days, measures, and when points 8,11,14 and 17,4 periods fixed points are carried out, and overcast and rainyly postpones.
Photosynthetic parameters measures: respectively at 6-8 middle of the month 10 time and 14 time measure the photosynthetic parameters of process leaf sheet, monthly 1 time, instrument is CI-310 (CID company of the U.S.).Outside upper 2 points of interior neutralization are respectively got by orientation, 4, the four corners of the world, outside upper point is the crosspoint in length and breadth with peripheral line mid point in the middle part of the mid point of vertical direction top and middle part line and horizontal direction, and interior mid point is the crosspoint in length and breadth of thorax and middle part line mid point in the mid point of vertical direction bottom and middle part line and horizontal direction.Two measuring points press different directions cross exchanged position, survey the relevant parameters such as the Net Photosynthetic Rate under its natural daylight.Often set unitary determination point 8, after often clicking 3 leaf replications, get average.
Significance of difference analysis is carried out with statistical software.
(2) implementation result
1, different tree form affects persimmon early fruiting character
Found out by table 1, persimmon 2 years raw tree Flowering Plants rates of two kinds, fall umbrella tree far above evacuation layering shape tree, and " secondary youth ", " Buddhist temple ball " persimmon fall the Flowering Plants rate of umbrella shape and are respectively 31.5%, 29.37%, exceed 18.9,17.87 percentage points respectively than what evacuate layering shape; The umbrella shape number of bearing fruit that falls of 3 years raw trees is 45.7,42, than many 33.3,31.5 of evacuation layering shape difference.This is too much owing to evacuating layering shape cutting back, and branch level is time more and cause the low and several few cause of bearing fruit of Flowering Plants rate, adopts when evacuating layering shape and only has slow putting to have into colored phenomenon with the branch of early stage pinching.
The early fruiting character of table 1 different tree form persimmon
2, different tree form is on the impact of persimmon bulk-growth
As shown in Table 2, set lifes in 4 years of 2 persimmon kinds and adopt the height of tree of umbrella shape less, crown diameter is comparatively large, and it is convenient that height of tree reduction is conducive to harvesting; Brachyplast and leafage branch number account for the percentage of total branch amount, and the shape of falling umbrella shape, higher than evacuation layering shape tree, illustrates " two wholeheartedly " shape Early fertile capability than evacuating the good of layering shape; From single plant yield, the ratio of falling umbrella tree is evacuated layering shape tree and is increased production respectively, also demonstrates this point.
The upgrowth situation of table 2 different tree form persimmon
3, the photosynthetic effectiveness comparison of different tree form
As table 3, although the photosynthetic effect of two kinds of tree-like outsides and full tree and interior illumination intensity there are no significant difference, but fall the inside photosynthetic active radiation of umbrella shape and Net Photosynthetic Rate apparently higher than spindle, after illustrating that the large tree of Qiao Guan is transformed by the cleaning reducing height of tree degree and the exhibition of contraction branch, the ventilation and penetrating light condition of tree body obtains effective improvement, but evacuate limb that layering shape continues to employ due to middle part and branch relatively many, therefore photosynthetic successful of its tree body inside is not as good as falling umbrella shape.
From ventilation and penetrating light angle, evacuate layering shape and fall compared with umbrella shape still to there is larger defect.
The photosynthetic effect of table 3 different tree form persimmon and intensity of illumination
4, different tree form light transmittance compares
Light transmittance (table 4) display at tree body different levels and position, 2 kinds tree-like except vertical direction top light transmittance is close, no matter other all sites are vertical direction or horizontal direction or entirety, the light transmittance of umbrella shape is significantly higher than and evacuates layering shape, especially particularly outstanding in the performance of tree crown middle and lower part.Further demonstrate down the penetrating advantage of light path of umbrella shape, form the raising of the stable of output and quality.
The light transmittance of table 4 different tree form persimmon
5, the fruit yield of different tree form and quality preservation
Table 5 can be found out, the fruit quality index of umbrella shape is all greater than evacuation shape, and wherein, single fruit weight, soluble sugar content difference reach significance level.
The fruit yield of table 5 different tree form and quality
The foregoing is only embodiments of the invention; not thereby the scope of the claims of the present invention is limited; every utilize description of the present invention to do equivalent structure or equivalent flow process conversion; or be directly or indirectly used in other relevant technical fields, be all in like manner included in scope of patent protection of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. persimmon falls the tree-like shaping and trimming method of umbrella shape, and it is characterized in that, it comprises:
Within 1st year, prune: after spring seedling planting, surely at 40-50cm place to do, clip varnishes with lacquer; Can sprout 3-5 young sprout under clip, select 1 upright healthy and strong young sprout Culture Center to do from top, the second bud branch is generally competitive branch, is erased by competition twig when bud picking; The young sprout of 3 different azimuth of selecting and remain below the dry young sprout in center cultivates major branch, will process early, make its opening angle to these major branches, three major branch horizontal sextant angles are 120 °, and all the other long shoots carry out taking branch, make it become horizontal, control its growth potential, promote shoot maturation and bud satiation, its early bearing short, in all the other brachyplast without exception slow put motionless, young sprout enters the every strain under tree dish of vigorous growth after date and spreads fertilizer over the fields urea 50g, water immediately, be total to Nitrogen Top Dressing 2-3 time then, impel branch to grow fast; Because persimmon polarity is strong, the dry clip branch in center can reach about 1.5m then, when the winter cuts, to trunk elongated shoot at 40-50cm full bud place cutting back, to keep center to lead dry advantage, center is dry cut and cut after, carve bud in middle and lower part; Carry out cutting back at about 50cm place to major branch, clip bud stays lateral bud or outer bud, in all the other brachyplast without exception slow put motionless;
Within 2nd year, prune: rudiment Hou does at center top and continues to select a upright healthy and strong young sprout to do to extend the tip, the growth vigor status that maintenance center is dry, in May, does top branch to center and adopts by branch, smoothes out with the fingers a method control growing way, to promote the growth of carving bud position branch, the young sprout that major branch top is sprouted, selects the work of a robust growth to extend the tip, and all the other branches are taked pinching, turned round the control of tip method, or remove, ensure major branch uniaxial extension, prevent major branch front end from occurring 3 fork branches or 4 fork branches, cause rear portion baldness; Stay 15-20cm pinching to the young sprout that major branch back sends, inspire branch, cultivate middle-size and small-size fruit-bearing shoot cluster, 7-8 month draws branch, all the time major branch Angle ambiguity closely horizontal, keep uniaxial extension; Winter is when cutting, the dry elongated shoot in center is taked to the pruning of taking the lead with the weak bud of weak branch, the prosperous branch done at center is removed from base portion, and all the other branches are slow without exception to be put, and becomes its result of flower relief, and be transformed into medium and small fruit-bearing shoot cluster, major branch elongated shoot takes the lead cutting back with strong bud, and to be trained little fruit-bearing shoot cluster, the overstocked branch sprouted by interior thorax, upright water sprout and useless competitive branch all remove, to improve the ventilation and penetrating light phenomenon in hat, reduce nutrient consumption and competition;
Within 3rd year, prune: look tree height and tree vigo(u)r power, dry for center elongated shoot is taken the lead gently or removed, and all the other branches do not want cutting back, put so that sparse branching is gentle, carry out retraction after result and upgrade, as dry in center too prosperous and powerful, carry out girdling process, to control growing way, prevent strong up and weak down; Slowly then put into colored branch and see that bud bounce back, the interior overstocked useless branch of hat suitably removes; Major branch extending head strengthens bud cutting back, the healthy and strong branch behind of the choosing when the winter cuts of angle too small changes a spreading angle, Growing season gets rid of to all the young sprout put on branch, when it grows to about 20cm, stay about 15cm pinching, impels it to be converted into medium fruit branch, and note increasing application phosphorus potassium fertilizer, autumn, major branch was all converted into medium and small fruit-bearing shoot cluster by the branch of evening up, and was evened up on the branch that gets rid of and put and formed leafage branch, fruit spur and medium fruit branch, so far, tree body is shaped substantially, within the 3rd year, gets final product a small amount of result;
Within 4th year, tree body starts large result, and young sprout growth eases up, and tree vigo(u)r is basicly stable, starts to enter high yield, stable production period.
2. a kind of persimmon according to claim 1 falls the tree-like shaping and trimming method of umbrella shape, it is characterized in that, described tree-like be that base portion 3 major branches and 1 center are done.
3. a kind of persimmon according to claim 1 falls the tree-like shaping and trimming method of umbrella shape, and it is characterized in that, described tree-like major branch is no longer equipped with side shoot, and the left and right sides is directly equipped with large, medium and small type fruit-bearing shoot cluster.
4. a kind of persimmon according to claim 1 falls the tree-like shaping and trimming method of umbrella shape, and it is characterized in that, center more than described tree-like major branch is dry is evenly equipped with all kinds of branch group, and based on medium and small branch group.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105557429B (en) * | 2015-12-24 | 2018-04-24 | 山东农业大学 | Trinitarian " Chinese style apple wide row high level cadre Labor-saving high-efficiency " cultivation |
| CN108617386B (en) * | 2018-05-10 | 2020-06-16 | 湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所 | Ecological cultivation mode for leisure and sightseeing of persimmon orchard in mountainous region |
| CN112753471B (en) * | 2021-01-06 | 2023-05-26 | 湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所 | Method for cultivating persimmon robust fruiting parent branch |
| CN113475291B (en) * | 2021-06-28 | 2023-10-20 | 中国林业科学研究院经济林研究所 | Tree-shaped management method for maintaining persimmon light and simplified production |
| CN114097458A (en) * | 2021-06-28 | 2022-03-01 | 烟台现代果业发展有限公司 | Apple shaping and trimming method |
| CN114303693B (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2023-04-14 | 湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所 | Reshaping method for persimmon 'N + 1' tree form |
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| JP2011010625A (en) * | 2009-07-05 | 2011-01-20 | I & Plus Co Ltd | Pruning method for garden tree |
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