CN111492881A - Peach tree shaping and trimming method - Google Patents
Peach tree shaping and trimming method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111492881A CN111492881A CN202010373430.3A CN202010373430A CN111492881A CN 111492881 A CN111492881 A CN 111492881A CN 202010373430 A CN202010373430 A CN 202010373430A CN 111492881 A CN111492881 A CN 111492881A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
Abstract
The invention discloses a peach tree shaping and trimming method which comprises the processes of cultivating horizontal central trunks, main branches, fruiting branches and trimming, and finally shaping a peach tree into a tree shape with the horizontal central trunks and the multi-direction inclined main branches. The tree-shaped multi-main branch has the advantages of dispersing tops, moderating tree vigor, inhibiting vegetative growth and promoting reproductive growth; the main branches are inclined, so that the light energy utilization rate is high, the photosynthesis is strong, and the cultivation in a facility is particularly realized; the main branches are inclined oppositely, so that the problems of splitting of the main branches and baldness at the bases of the main branches can be effectively prevented. Compared with the trunk shape, the tree-shaped fruit has obviously improved quality and good consistency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plant shaping, in particular to a peach tree shaping and trimming method.
Background
Peach, plant of genus peach of family Rosaceae, deciduous small tree; the leaves are narrow elliptic to scallion-shaped, 15cm long and 4 cm wide, the tips grow and thin, the edges are provided with fine teeth, dark green and glossy, and the leaf bases are provided with honey glands; the bark is dark gray and cracks appear with age; the flowers are single, light to deep pink or red, sometimes white, with short stems, 4 cm in diameter, and bloom in early spring; the stone fruit is a nearly spherical stone fruit, has hairy antler on the surface, has edible meat quality, is orange yellow and reddish, has a diameter of 7.5 cm, has a stone with deep pockmarks and furrows and contains white seeds. The flower can be viewed, the fruit is juicy, the flower can be eaten raw or made into preserved peaches, cans and the like, and the kernel can also be eaten. The pulp is white and yellow, the peaches are of various varieties, the pericarp is generally rough, and the pericarp of the nectarine is smooth; the flat peach fruit is discoid.
According to FAO data statistics, the peach cultivation area and the peach yield are the largest in China in the world, and the peach is the top of the world in 1978. However, the tree forms adopted at present in China have a conventional open heart-shaped tree form with a large crown, a natural spindle shape which can be densely planted, a main stem shape such as an improved spindle shape and the like. The conventional open-heart-shaped tree form is low in yield in the early stage and slow in forming, from the full bearing period, as a large amount of nutrition flows to the top of a crown and fruits, the base of the tree body cannot be supplied with the leaves for a long time, the trunk is accelerated to age, the gummosis is serious, the service life is seriously shortened, the base of the later main branch is bald, the inner cavity is empty and deficient, the tree is exposed in sunlight for a long time, the dry rot and the rot are serious, the capacity of the trunk for transporting water and inorganic mineral elements upwards is reduced, the full bearing period is accelerated to be shortened, and the yield is reduced. Moreover, because the height of the tree body is not enough, the utilization of the three-dimensional space is not enough, and the quality and the yield of the peach are lower; the main trunk shapes such as natural spindle shape, improved spindle shape and the like can bear fruits early and improve the yield of fruits, but the branches and leaves are dense, the ventilation and the light transmission are poor, and the quality of the fruits is reduced; moreover, because the management cost of the peach orchard, particularly the labor cost, is high, the production mode needs to be simplified, the management cost is reduced, and the technical support is provided for the efficiency improvement of the peach industry.
Therefore, how to provide a shaping method which can effectively increase the yield and the quality of peach fruits is a problem which needs to be solved by the technical personnel in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the peach tree is trimmed to form a horizontal central trunk multi-direction inclined main branch tree shape, and the tree shape improves the yield and quality of peach fruits.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a peach tree shaping and trimming method comprises the following steps:
1) planting the nursery stock, and cutting off stems at a position 1.0cm above the plump buds 20-60 cm away from the ground;
2) when the young shoots of the peach trees germinate and grow to 30-40 cm, selecting a robust young shoot at the top end to grow vertically as a main trunk and a horizontal central trunk, and leveling the rest young shoots as auxiliary culture branches;
3) when the height of the peach tree is 1.1-2.6 m, horizontally bending the remained strong young shoots in the row direction, and culturing to form a horizontal central stem;
4) removing the young shoots growing on the upper back, the lower back and the horizontal direction on the horizontal central trunk, only remaining the young shoots growing on the two sides in the oblique direction, enabling the young shoots to grow oppositely, and culturing the young shoots into main branches;
5) when the new shoots sprouting on the main branches grow to 20-30cm, carrying out stroking treatment to enable the new shoots to grow in a horizontal or slightly drooping state, and opening the angle of the branches;
6) spraying a growth inhibitor when the young shoots on the main branches grow to 30-50 cm;
7) when the first winter pruning is carried out, the over dense branches, the weak branches, the strong branches and the spindly branches on the main branches and the over thick branches with the thickness exceeding one third of the main branches are thinned, and the reserved bearing branches are thrown without any pruning;
8) after the new shoots germinate next year, thinning the over-dense shoots and the competitive shoots, removing one from the double shoots, and keeping the flowers under the tree crowns in shade when the fruits are in a hard core period; spraying a growth inhibitor when young shoots grow to 30 cm;
9) and (3) performing branch stroking management on the robust young shoots sprouting at the top end of the main branch in the current year by the method of the steps 5) -6) until the height of the tree is 1.5-2.0 m.
10) During second winter pruning, the method is carried out according to the step 7), 1-2 robust bearing branches are reserved at the base of all bearing branch groups and are pruned in a retracting manner, and 8-15 bearing branches are reserved on each main branch; and finally, pruning the tree into a horizontal central trunk multi-direction inclined main branch tree shape.
The technical effect achieved by the technical scheme is as follows: the upper part of the trunk is horizontally bent to form a horizontal central trunk, so that the peach tree can fully receive illumination, the top end advantage is eliminated, the picking of the peach is facilitated, and the quality and the yield of the peach are improved; the main branches grow oppositely, so that the splitting of the main branches can be effectively prevented; the branches are smoothed, namely picking or softening the branches, when the branches start to be lignified, the branches are bent by rubbing with hands from the base of the branches, the top end advantage is eliminated, the extension direction is changed, and the vegetative growth is alleviated by taking the fresh tips as degrees without breaking the branches; the bearing branches are not trimmed, and only long shoots are trimmed, so that the problem that newly germinated new shoots grow vigorously is solved; spraying a growth inhibitor, the vegetative growth of branches is inhibited, the reproductive growth is promoted, the flower bud differentiation is promoted, and the fruiting rate is increased; when the fruit tree is cut in winter, excessive dense branches, weak branches, strong branches, spindly branches, excessive thick branches (the thickness exceeds one third of the main branches) and the like on the main branches are thinned, so that the ventilation and light transmission of the tree body and the balance of tree vigor are ensured, and the production of high-quality fruits is facilitated; after two years of pruning management, the horizontal central trunk is cultivated and formed into a tree shape with multiple opposite directions of inclined main branches, and then the tree is pruned in winter every year, so that the height of the tree body is kept between 1.5m and 2.0 m. During summer pruning, the excessive young shoots on the upper parts of the main branches are removed in time;
uniconazole belongs to a broad-spectrum and high-efficiency plant growth regulator, has both bactericidal and herbicidal effects, and is a gibberellin synthesis inhibitor. Has the functions of controlling vegetative growth, inhibiting cell elongation, shortening internodes, dwarfing plants, promoting lateral bud growth and flower bud formation and enhancing stress resistance;
paclobutrazol is a plant growth regulator, and has the effects of delaying plant growth, inhibiting stem elongation, shortening internodes, promoting plant tillering, increasing plant stress resistance, improving yield and the like;
therefore, by spraying the uniconazole or the paclobutrazol to the plants, the vegetative growth of the plants can be effectively inhibited, the flower bud differentiation is promoted, and the yield of fruits is further improved.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, in the step 3), forward horizontal bending is carried out at the position where the robust young shoots are kept 0.3-0.80 m away from the ground.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, in the step 4), the new tips grow oppositely through branch pulling or binding by a binding device, and the included angle between the base parts of the new tips and the vertical direction is 20-45 degrees.
The technical effect achieved by the technical scheme is as follows: in order to reduce the top end advantage and improve the space utilization rate, when the included angle is 20-45 degrees, the space utilization rate is maximum, and the top end advantage is not obvious.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, in the step 5), the slightly drooping state is that the included angle between the young sprout and the horizontal plane is 10-20 degrees.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, in the step 7), the dense branches are branches with adjacent spacing of less than 10cm
As a preferable technical solution of the present invention, in the step 10), the horizontal central trunk has a plurality of pairs of inclined main branch tree forms: the height of the tree is 1.5-2.0m, the height of the trunk is 0.3-0.8m, the length of the horizontal central trunk is 0.8-1.8m, the length of the main branch is 1.0-1.5m, the distance between adjacent main branches is 20-30cm, the distance between main branches on the same side is 40-60cm, and the distance between bearing branches is 10-15 cm.
According to the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the peach tree shaping and trimming method provided by the invention has the advantages that a multi-direction inclined main branch tree shape of the horizontal center trunk is finally formed through a series of processes of cultivating the trunk, the horizontal center trunk, the main branches, the bearing branches and trimming, the tree shape is suitable for facility cultivation, the characteristics of good ventilation and light transmission, high light energy utilization rate, uniform bearing branch distribution and labor saving in management are realized, and the high-quality fruits can be produced. The tree-shaped multi-main branch has the advantages of dispersing tops, moderating tree vigor, inhibiting vegetative growth and promoting reproductive growth; the main branches are inclined, so that the light energy utilization rate is high, the photosynthesis is strong, and the cultivation in a facility is particularly realized; the main branches are inclined oppositely, so that the problems of splitting of the main branches and baldness at the bases of the main branches can be effectively prevented. Compared with the trunk shape, the tree-shaped fruit has obviously improved quality and good consistency.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a horizontal central trunk multi-direction inclined main branch tree form provided by the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A peach tree shaping and trimming method comprises the following steps:
1) planting the nursery stock, and cutting off the trunk at a position 1.0cm above the full bud 40cm away from the ground;
2) when the young shoots of the peach trees germinate and grow to 35cm, selecting a strong young shoot at the top end to grow vertically as a main trunk and a horizontal central trunk, and leveling the rest young shoots as auxiliary culture branches;
3) when the height of the peach tree is equal to the sum of the height of the trunk and the length of the horizontal central trunk, keeping the robust young shoots at a position 0.3m away from the ground, horizontally bending the remained robust young shoots in the row direction, and culturing the robust young shoots into the horizontal central trunk;
4) removing the new shoots growing on the upper back, the lower back and horizontally on the horizontal central trunk, only remaining the new shoots growing obliquely upwards on two sides, binding the new shoots by using a binding device to grow oppositely, wherein the included angle between the base part of the new shoots and the vertical direction is 30 degrees, and culturing the new shoots into main branches;
5) when the new shoots sprouting on the main branches grow to 25cm, carrying out branch stroking treatment to enable the new shoots to grow in a horizontal state, and opening the angle of the branches;
6) when the young shoots on the main branches grow to 40cm, 1000 times of uniconazole or 300 times of paclobutrazol are sprayed;
7) when the first winter pruning is carried out, the over dense branches, the weak branches, the strong branches and the spindly branches on the main branches and the over thick branches with the thickness exceeding one third of the main branches are thinned, and the reserved bearing branches are thrown without any pruning;
8) after the new shoots germinate next year, thinning the over-dense shoots and the competitive shoots, removing one from the double shoots, and keeping the flowers under the tree crowns in shade when the fruits are in a hard core period; when young shoots grow to 30cm, 1000 times of uniconazole or 300 times of paclobutrazol are sprayed;
9) performing branch stroking management on the robust young shoots sprouting in the current year at the top ends of the main branches according to the method of the steps 5) -6) until the height of the tree is 1.5 m;
10) during second winter pruning, the method is carried out according to the step 7), 1 robust bearing branch is reserved at the base of all bearing branch groups and is retracted and pruned, and 12 bearing branches are reserved on each main branch; finally, the tree is trimmed into a horizontal central trunk multi-direction inclined main branch tree shape with the tree height of 1.5m, the trunk height of 0.3m, the length of the horizontal central trunk of 0.8m, the main branch length of 1.0m, the distance between adjacent main branches of 20cm, the distance between main branches on the same side of 40cm and the distance between fruiting branches of 10 cm.
Example 2
A peach tree shaping and trimming method comprises the following steps:
1) planting the nursery stock, and cutting off the trunk at a position 1.0cm above the full bud 40cm away from the ground;
2) when the young shoots of the peach trees germinate and grow to 35cm, selecting a strong young shoot at the top end to grow vertically as a main trunk and a horizontal central trunk, and leveling the rest young shoots as auxiliary culture branches;
3) when the height of the peach tree is equal to the sum of the height of the trunk and the length of the horizontal central trunk, keeping the robust young shoots at a position 0.6m away from the ground, horizontally bending the remained robust young shoots in the row direction, and culturing the robust young shoots into the horizontal central trunk;
4) removing the new shoots growing on the upper back, the lower back and horizontally on the horizontal central trunk, only remaining the new shoots growing obliquely upwards on two sides, binding the new shoots by using a binding device to grow oppositely, wherein the included angle between the base part of the new shoots and the vertical direction is 30 degrees, and culturing the new shoots into main branches;
5) when the new shoots sprouting on the main branches grow to 25cm, carrying out branch stroking treatment to enable the new shoots to grow in a horizontal state, and opening the angle of the branches;
6) when the young shoots on the main branches grow to 40cm, 1000 times of uniconazole or 300 times of paclobutrazol are sprayed;
7) when the first winter pruning is carried out, the over dense branches, the weak branches, the strong branches and the spindly branches on the main branches and the over thick branches with the thickness exceeding one third of the main branches are thinned, and the reserved bearing branches are thrown without any pruning;
8) after the new shoots germinate next year, thinning the over-dense shoots and the competitive shoots, removing one from the double shoots, and keeping the flowers under the tree crowns in shade when the fruits are in a hard core period; when young shoots grow to 30cm, 1000 times of uniconazole or 300 times of paclobutrazol are sprayed;
9) performing branch stroking management on the robust young shoots sprouting in the current year at the top ends of the main branches according to the method of the steps 5) -6) until the height of the tree is 1.8 m;
10) during second winter pruning, the method is carried out according to the step 7), 1 robust bearing branch is reserved at the base of all bearing branch groups and is retracted and pruned, and 12 bearing branches are reserved on each main branch; finally, the tree is trimmed into a horizontal central trunk multi-direction inclined main branch tree shape with the tree height of 1.8m, the trunk height of 0.6m, the length of the horizontal central trunk of 1.3m, the main branch length of 1.2m, the distance between adjacent main branches of 25cm, the distance between main branches on the same side of 50cm and the distance between fruiting branches of 12 cm.
Example 3
A peach tree shaping and trimming method comprises the following steps:
1) planting the nursery stock, and cutting off the trunk at a position 1.0cm above the full bud 40cm away from the ground;
2) when the young shoots of the peach trees germinate and grow to 35cm, selecting a strong young shoot at the top end to grow vertically as a main trunk and a horizontal central trunk, and leveling the rest young shoots as auxiliary culture branches;
3) when the height of the peach tree is equal to the sum of the height of the trunk and the length of the horizontal central trunk, keeping the robust young shoots at a position 0.8m away from the ground, horizontally bending the remained robust young shoots in the row direction, and culturing the robust young shoots into the horizontal central trunk;
4) removing the new shoots growing on the upper back, the lower back and horizontally on the horizontal central trunk, only remaining the new shoots growing obliquely upwards on two sides, binding the new shoots by using a binding device to grow oppositely, wherein the included angle between the base part of the new shoots and the vertical direction is 30 degrees, and culturing the new shoots into main branches;
5) when the new shoots sprouting on the main branches grow to 25cm, carrying out branch stroking treatment to enable the new shoots to grow in a horizontal state, and opening the angle of the branches;
6) when the young shoots on the main branches grow to 40cm, 1000 times of uniconazole or 300 times of paclobutrazol are sprayed;
7) when the first winter pruning is carried out, the over dense branches, the weak branches, the strong branches and the spindly branches on the main branches and the over thick branches with the thickness exceeding one third of the main branches are thinned, and the reserved bearing branches are thrown without any pruning;
8) after the new shoots germinate next year, thinning the over-dense shoots and the competitive shoots, removing one from the double shoots, and keeping the flowers under the tree crowns in shade when the fruits are in a hard core period; when young shoots grow to 30cm, 1000 times of uniconazole or 300 times of paclobutrazol are sprayed;
9) performing branch stroking management on the robust young shoots sprouting in the current year at the top ends of the main branches according to the method in the steps 5) -6) until the height of the tree is 2.0 m;
10) during second winter pruning, the method is carried out according to the step 7), 1 robust bearing branch is reserved at the base of all bearing branch groups and is retracted and pruned, and 12 bearing branches are reserved on each main branch; finally, the tree is trimmed into a horizontal central trunk multi-direction inclined main branch tree shape with the tree height of 2.0m, the trunk height of 0.8m, the length of the horizontal central trunk of 1.8m, the main branch length of 1.5m, the distance between adjacent main branches of 30cm, the distance between main branches on the same side of 60cm and the distance between fruiting branches of 15 cm.
TABLE 1 fruit yield and quality of the different examples Chunxuepeach
| Yield (kg/667 m)2) | Weight of single fruit (g) | Soluble solids content (%) | Titratable acid content (%) | Acid fixation ratio | |
| Example 1 | 2505.9 | 207.1 | 12.24 | 0.081 | 151.1 |
| Example 2 | 2583.7 | 200.68 | 12.56 | 0.085 | 147.8 |
| Example 3 | 2602.8 | 210.6 | 12.67 | 0.082 | 154.5 |
Example 4
Pruning peach trees into a conventional natural open heart shape and a conventional trunk shape, comparing the peach trees with the embodiment 2, and counting the yield and the fruit quality of each tree shape, wherein the results are shown in a table 2;
TABLE 2 influence of different tree forms on the yield and quality of the Chunxuepeach fruit
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (6)
1. A peach tree shaping and trimming method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) planting the nursery stock, and cutting off stems at a position 1.0cm above the plump buds 20-60 cm away from the ground;
2) when the germinated young shoots of the peach trees grow to 30-40 cm, selecting a robust young shoot at the top end to grow vertically as a main trunk and a horizontal central trunk, leveling the rest young shoots as auxiliary cultivation branches, and thinning and removing the young shoots when the young shoots are cut in winter in the current year;
3) when the height of the peach tree is 1.1-2.6 m, horizontally bending the remained strong young shoots in the row direction, and culturing to form a horizontal central stem;
4) removing the young shoots growing on the upper back, the lower back and the horizontal direction on the horizontal central trunk, only remaining the young shoots growing on the two sides in the oblique direction, enabling the young shoots to grow oppositely, and culturing the young shoots into main branches;
5) when the new shoots sprouting on the main branches grow to 20-30cm, carrying out stroking treatment to enable the new shoots to grow in a horizontal or slightly drooping state, and opening the angle of the branches;
6) when the young shoots on the main branches grow to 30-50 cm, 1000 times of uniconazole or 300 times of paclobutrazol are sprayed;
7) when the branches are cut in winter for the first time, removing the over dense branches, weak branches, strong branches, spindly branches and over thick branches with the thickness exceeding one third of the main branches on the main branches, throwing and releasing the reserved branches without trimming;
8) after the new shoots germinate next year, thinning the over-dense shoots or competitive shoots, removing one from the double shoots, and keeping the flowers under the tree crowns in shade when the fruits are in a hard core period; when young shoots grow to 30cm, spraying 1000 times of uniconazole or 300 times of paclobutrazol;
9) performing branch smoothing management on the robust young shoots sprouting at the top end of the main branch in the current year by the method of the steps 5) -6) until the main branch is 1.0-1.5m long;
10) during second winter pruning, the method is carried out according to the step 7), 1-2 robust bearing branches are reserved at the base of all bearing branch groups, the rest bearing branches are retracted and pruned, and 8-15 bearing branches are reserved on each main branch; and finally, pruning the tree into a horizontal central trunk multi-direction inclined main branch tree shape.
2. A peach tree pruning method according to claim 1, wherein in step 3), the forward horizontal bending is performed at a distance of 0.3-0.8m from the ground for the robust young shoots.
3. The peach tree pruning method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 4), the new tips are grown in opposite directions by branch pulling or binding with a binding device, and the base of the new tips forms an angle of 20-45 ° with the vertical direction.
4. A peach tree shaping method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 5), the slightly drooping state is that the angle between the young sprout and the horizontal plane is 10 ° to 20 °.
5. A peach tree shaping method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 7), the dense branches are branches whose adjacent distance is less than 10 cm.
6. A peach tree pruning method according to claim 1, wherein in step 10), the horizontal central trunk is formed by a plurality of pairs of inclined main branch trees, wherein the inclined main branch trees are as follows: the height of the tree is 1.5-2.0m, the height of the trunk is 0.3-0.8m, the length of the horizontal central trunk is 0.8-1.8m, the length of the main branch is 1.0-1.5m, the distance between the adjacent main branches is 20-30cm, the distance between the main branches on the same side is 40-60cm, and the distance between the bearing branches is 10-15 cm.
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Cited By (5)
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| CN112166934A (en) * | 2020-11-06 | 2021-01-05 | 常德华诚现代农业开发有限公司 | Pruning and shaping method for peach trees |
| CN112219636A (en) * | 2020-10-16 | 2021-01-15 | 上海市农业科学院 | Two-main-branch natural heart-shaped peach tree shape and forming method |
| CN112753471A (en) * | 2021-01-06 | 2021-05-07 | 湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所 | Method for cultivating strong fruiting mother branches of persimmons |
| CN113796253A (en) * | 2021-09-18 | 2021-12-17 | 山东农业大学 | Tree form beneficial to simplified management and early fruiting of fruit trees and construction method thereof |
| CN114679993A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2022-07-01 | 北京农学院 | Shaping method for same-ridge staggered type two-side inverted tree shape of peach orchard and shaping net rack |
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