CN104206197B - A kind of whole fringe method of red Ba Laduo grape - Google Patents
A kind of whole fringe method of red Ba Laduo grape Download PDFInfo
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- CN104206197B CN104206197B CN201410447426.1A CN201410447426A CN104206197B CN 104206197 B CN104206197 B CN 104206197B CN 201410447426 A CN201410447426 A CN 201410447426A CN 104206197 B CN104206197 B CN 104206197B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of whole fringe method of red Ba Laduo grape.Grape come into bloom namely bloom 0% water 1 time between 30%, about 35kg 40kg; Namely bloom after full-bloom stage between 70-80% and arrange flower fringe, cut off secondary fringe and fringe shoulder top 3 5 stalks, fringe point is not pruned, whole colored fringe retain 20 23 stalks.Hua Sui arranges and prunes well, keeps fringe shoulder breadth 5 7 ㎝, wide 3 4.5 ㎝ of fringe tail, spike length 11 13 ㎝.By flowering stage quantitative watering and in good time flower fringe arrange, have adjusted the distribution of plant hormone in colored fringe, make the grape variety hypogenetic inflorescence fallen flowers bud drop that nature fruit-setting rate is high, reach the effect of flower thinning, decrease the competition of bud nutrient in the process of blooming, control the size of grape fruit ear, increase fruit, reduce the workload of fruit thinning, improve fruit quality.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of whole fringe method of red Ba Laduo grape, belong to fruit tree planting technique, be particularly useful for the cultivation of the high grape variety of nature percentage of fertile fruit.
Background technology
Along with improving constantly of living standards of the people, increasing to the demand of grape, Table Grape has become the leading industry of peasant programme.In order to meet the demand of the people to different cultivars grape, breeder has cultivated a lot of Table Grape new varieties and strain.Red Ba Laduo grape is in recent years from the external high-quality Table Grape Varieties introduced.Red Ba Laduo (ベ ニ バ ラ ー De) originates in Japan, belong to Eurasian hybridization liploid variety, be that utilization ' Balad ' in 1997 of Japanese Jia Fu city rice mountain filial piety and the kind ' capital show ' of China's seed selection carry out hybridizing the new varieties brought out, within 2005, register.Observed result through for many years shows, Transition In Jurong, Jiangsu area the red Ba Laduo fructescence at the beginning of 7 months, the more black precocious 10-15 days than summer.This kind fruit ear is large, the heavy 600g of average fringe, the heavy 1500g of maximum fringe.Grain is heavy can reach 12g.Fruit grain closely raw, pericarp cerise, and the thin meat of skin is crisp, and soluble solid reaches as high as 20%; Tree vigo(u)r is strong, performance high yield, and premunition is comparatively strong, is the red grape variety of high-quality extremely early mature.In recent years, numerous and confused introducing and planting in all parts of the country, planting area expands year by year, has become the early-ripening grape kind that many landlords plant.But because red Ba Laduo uva Honoka amount is large, spontaneous pollination fruit-setting rate is high, when not flower and fruit thinning, grain is little greatly, really, fruit ear growth is tight often to form fruit ear, usually produce crimp, even squeeze in the middle of the fruit ear rotten, go mouldy, have a strong impact on the presentation quality of red Ba Laduo grape.By inflorescence shaping, flower and fruit thinning, significantly can improve outward appearance and the quality of fruit ear and fruit grain, fruit grain is increased, evenly, fruit ear neat appearance, improves fruit quality to fruit grain.The measures such as flower thinning sequence, sequence of nipping off the flowers point, fruit thinning fringe are by the vast grape producer is accepted.The conventional method of the whole fringe of domestic present stage flower fringe normally bloom before 3-5 days, pinch except secondary flower fringe and flower fringe point, 10-15 days fruit thinning grains after fallen flowers.But owing to still will carry out heavy fruit thinning work after whole fringe, not only time-consuming, effort, adds production management cost, cannot meet the requirement that Labor-saving grapeization is produced, and fruit-thinning time is more late, waste trunk infusion.And flower thinning is carried out by watering at the grape florescence, domestic at present rarely have report.The grape florescence can not water routinely, otherwise a large amount of fruit drop can be caused, and the present invention is just for the feature that red Ba Laduo grape nature fruit-setting rate is high, water treatment is watered by suitable, impel in grape and grow bad bud and fall to, reach the object of part flower thinning, then arranged by flower fringe, make fruit ear serial type neat, in the same size.So strengthen the flower and fruit management of grape, take the whole fringe technology of the grape of Labor-saving, raising grape quality, increase economic benefit are had great importance.
Summary of the invention
Fruit-setting rate is high under field conditions (factors) to the present invention is directed to red Ba Laduo grape, grain is little greatly, really, fruit ear growth is tight often to form fruit ear, usually produce crimp, even squeeze in the middle of the fruit ear rotten, go mouldy, have a strong impact on the commodity of red Ba Laduo grape, the way of the artificial flower and fruit thinning that employing is conventional is time-consuming again takes a lot of work, and cost this outstanding problem large, provides a kind of whole fringe method of red Ba Laduo grape.The present invention can make grape fruit ear neat specification standardized, and fruit grain density is proper, and size color and luster local flavor reaches unanimity, and effectively reduces the generation of dehiscent fruit phenomenon.The present invention saves fruit thinning technical measures, significant to the row Labor-saving of red Ba Laduo grape, standardized production.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical scheme that the present invention adopts is: a kind of whole fringe method providing red Ba Laduo grape, comprising:
1, in order to reach flower thinning object, water flowering stage at grape, be preferably water 1 time between 0% ?30% in the i.e. flowering rate that comes into bloom, the every strain of every strain irrigation amount is no more than 50kg, is good with 35kg ?40kg; Most pronounced effects during 35kg.
2, spend fringe finishing time, after red Ba Laduo full-bloom stage, namely flowering rate is carry out between 70%-80%, neat to reach fruit ear serial type, the effect that fruit ear elasticity is moderate.
3, grow less colored fringe and namely cut off secondary fringe; Grow larger colored fringe, cut off secondary fringe and fringe shoulder top 3 ?5 stalks, fringe point is not pruned, whole colored fringe retain 20 ?23 stalks.
4, arrange the colored fringe pruned, fringe shoulder breadth 5 ?7 ㎝, fringe tail wide 3 ?4.5 ㎝, spike length 11 ?13 ㎝.Neat with fruit ear fringe shape after ensureing, guarantee the seed output and quality of grape.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the arrangement trimming method of the grape flower fringe of the application, be suitable for carrying out watering water treatment at red Ba Laduo grape initial bloom stage and carry out flower thinning, after Sheng is spent, carry out Hua Sui arrange and prune, arrange in flower fringe process and cut off secondary fringe and branched stalk is crossed on fringe shoulder top.Improve grape fruit ear serial type neatly by arranging pruning, fruit grain tight ness rating is moderate, and the raising of the exterior quality of fruit.
1, carry out watering water treatment at red Ba Laduo grape initial bloom stage, can have adjusted the distribution of plant hormone in colored fringe, the bud fallen flowers causing Inflorescence development bad, reach the object of part flower thinning.
2, after full-bloom stage, carry out Hua Sui prune arrangement, further unnecessary bud can be removed, decrease the competition of bud nutrient in the process of blooming, photosynthetic nutrient is fully supplied to the bud of reservation, decrease fruit size grain phenomenon, improve the quality of fruit.
3, arranged by flower fringe, make fruit ear neat compact, good looking appearance, improve commodity.
4, after Hua Sui prunes and arranges, spike weight amount remains on more suitable scope, not excessive, little only, and fruit is easily painted, ripe consistent.
Embodiment
Below preferred embodiment of the present invention is described in detail, can be easier to make advantages and features of the invention be readily appreciated by one skilled in the art, thus more explicit defining is made to protection scope of the present invention.
The enforcement time: in August ,-2014 in April, 2014
Implement place: fruit tree demonstration area, Huayang garden, Zhenjiang academy of agricultural sciences
(1) specific embodiment:
Select kind: 4 years red Ba Laduo grapes of life.
Adopt rain shelter cultivation, the distance between rows and hills 4m that plants × 3m, posture is single cross hedge frame, and tree-like is " flying bird " shape, namely follows Xiang Lashe one iron wire bracing wire at downward 30cm place, hedge frame column top, jointly forms " flying bird " type frame face with the bracing wire on top.Along about lowermost iron wire, cultivate two major branches, V-arrangement leaf curtain, tree vigo(u)r is medium, is equipped with drip irrigation facility, and managerial skills are good, field Routine Management.During winter pruning bearing basal shoot at interval, hedge frame both sides 20 ?30 ㎝, bearing basal shoot stays 2 bud cutting backs, after next year rudiment, when young sprout grow into 40 ?about 50 ㎝ time, select the fruit bearing shoot of 1 golden mean of the Confucian school, lured by young sprout and guide to " V " type hedge frame both sides, unnecessary young sprout is all erased.First time pinching is carried out when young sprout growth reaches 7 ~ 8 leaves, the sublateral shoot newly grown after pinching, retain tip sublateral shoot to continue to extend forward, all the other sublateral shoots are removed without exception, second time pinching is carried out when tip sublateral shoot grows to 3 ~ 4 leaves, after pinching, the pinching repeatedly of recurrent sublateral shoot, makes shoot maturation.
(2), process is implemented:
Choose tree vigo(u)r identical 4 years life ' red Ba Laduo '.
1, grape waters test in period: in bloom first 3 days, initial bloom stage (flowering rate 0%-30%), full-bloom stage (flowering rate 50%-60%), Flowers ending (flowering rate 90%-100%) carry out watering water treatment, every strain is watered permeable respectively, does not water as contrast before blooming.
2, grape irrigation amount test: water in initial bloom stage, 20kg, 30kg, 35kg, 40kg, 50kg are watered in every strain respectively, and 60kg is not to water as contrast.
Above-mentioned two groups of tests often process selects 3 strain trees respectively.Every strain tree random selecting 8 fruit ear investigation percentages of fertile fruit after the steady fruit of seat, spike weight, Single seed weight; From fruit ear upper, middle and lower random selecting 30 fruit grain after fruit maturation, measure fringe respectively with electronic balance to weigh and grain weight, the fruit longitudinal and transverse footpath of grain is measured with digital display type slide measure, fruit grain peeling hardness is measured with GY-1 type fruit hardness meter, measure soluble solid content with PAL-1 type Portable digital display refractometer, measure titratable acid content by acid base neutralization titration method.
3, grape flower fringe process test, processing method is: initial bloom stage waters 35kg, only retains the corresponding length of grape flower fringe fringe point, remove colored fringe remainder in full-bloom stage.The colored spike length degree that stays is respectively 9cm, 11cm, 13cm, 15cm, 17cm, is not shaped as contrast to spend fringe.Often process 10 inflorescences, repeat 3 times.Measure fringe weight, grain weight, the fruit longitudinal and transverse footpath of grain, fruit grain peeling hardness, soluble solid content, Titrable acid content.
Test data adopts Excel software to carry out arranging and analyzing.
(3), implementation result
1, the difference impact of period of watering red Ba Laduo grape to be beared fruit
The impact that table 1.1 difference is beared fruit on red Ba Laduo grape period of watering
| Process | Percentage of fertile fruit/% | Spike weight/g | Single seed weight/g | Fruit grain tight ness rating |
| Bloom and water for first 3 days | 72.3a | 728a | 7.22c | Extremely tight |
| Initial bloom stage waters | 38.6c | 345c | 9.16a | Extremely loose |
| Full-bloom stage waters | 45.8bc | 490.5b | 8.7a | Loose |
| Flowers ending waters | 54.1b | 529.1b | 8.05b | Loose |
| Contrast (not watering) | 67.54a | 717a | 7.02c | Extremely tight |
As can be seen from table 1.1, the percentage of fertile fruit difference that different times waters water treatment fruit ear is obvious, and wherein the initial bloom stage percentage of fertile fruit that waters is minimum, and process significant difference with other, flower thinning effect is best; Duration of flowering waters lower than the fruit ear percentage of fertile fruit watering before blooming and do not water, and flower thinning effect is relatively better, and delaying along with flowering period, and percentage of fertile fruit raises gradually; The fruit ear percentage of fertile fruit of blooming first 3 days is the highest.Bloom and within first 3 days, water and contrast due to the high cause of percentage of fertile fruit, spike weight amount is the heaviest; The spike weight that full-bloom stage, Flowers ending water water treatment takes second place, and the spike weight amount that initial bloom stage waters water treatment is minimum.Although initial bloom stage waters, Ear-Weight declines to some extent, and fruit grain weight significantly increases, and it is the lightest with the Single seed weight not watering water treatment to water before blooming.The serial type that duration of flowering waters water treatment is comparatively loose, may be owing to not having whole fringe process and the too much cause of irrigation amount, and bloom first 3 days and the serial type of contrast tight, the increasing of fruit is large impact, easily produces disease.
Above result shows, for the grape variety that natural percentage of fertile fruit is high, the duration of flowering especially initial bloom stage that waters waters, and flower thinning effect is better, and Ear-Weight reduces, and fruit Single seed weight increases, but due to do not have whole fringe and irrigation amount too much, serial type is comparatively loose.And watered before blooming and can improve the percentage of fertile fruit of grape on the contrary, affect growing of fruit.
2, different irrigation amount is on the impact of red Ba Laduo grape fruit
2.1, different irrigation amount is on the impact of red Ba Laduo grape fruit exterior quality
The different irrigation amount of table 1.1 is on the impact of red Ba Laduo grape fruit exterior quality
As can be seen from table 2.1, along with the increase of irrigation amount, percentage of fertile fruit is on a declining curve, the percentage of fertile fruit of 60kg of watering is minimum, with the 20kg that waters, water 30kg and the percentage of fertile fruit significant difference that contrasts, not remarkable with the difference of water 35kg, 40kg, 50kg, the flower thinning successful of water 35kg, 40kg, 50kg, 60kg is described.Water 30kg, 35kg, 40kg with water 20kg and contrasting, the spike weight significant difference of water 50kg, 60kg and water 20kg, 30kg, 35kg, 40kg and control treatment.Compared with the control, water water treatment and all can improve fruit longitudinal and transverse demeter, Single seed weight in various degree, wherein water 35kg, 40kg, 50kg, 60kg improve obviously the Single seed weight of fruit.Water 20kg and contrast fruit ear due to percentage of fertile fruit higher, shedding is few, and serial type is comparatively tight; The grape fruit ear degree of tightness of 30kg, 35kg, 40kg of watering is moderate, the grape of water 50kg, 60kg due to shedding more, fruit ear is comparatively loose.
In sum, we draw, by watering more than 50kg to 4 years raw vines, although grape flower thinning is remarkably productive, percentage of fertile fruit is low, and fruit ear serial type is loose, and commodity is poor; Water 35kg-40kg, and flower fringe percentage of fertile fruit obviously reduces, although Ear-Weight declines to some extent, fruit size, Single seed weight significantly increase, and fruit ear degree of tightness is moderate, and commodity is good.
2.2, different irrigation amount is on the impact of red Ba Laduo grape fruit interior quality
The different irrigation amount of table 2.2 is on the impact of red Ba Laduo grape fruit interior quality
As can be seen from table 2.2, respectively water the grape fruit peeling hardness of water treatment, difference is not obvious compared with the control for titratable acid, but totally on a declining curve with irrigation amount increase.Soluble solid content aspect, difference is not remarkable between the two for water 35kg, 40kg, and processes significant difference with other, and wherein, the soluble solid content of 35kg process of watering is the highest, and treatment effect is best.
3, different whole spike length degree is on the impact of red Ba Laduo grape quality
The different whole spike length degree of table 2.1 is on the impact of red Ba Laduo grape fruit exterior quality
As can be seen from table 3.1, flower fringe Shape correction all reduces spike weight, add Single seed weight, and tool inflorescence with a grain of salt is shorter, Single seed weight is higher, trend that spike weight is lower.Wherein, what spike weight was the highest is contrast, is 9cm's apparently higher than flower spike length degree; Length is that to be significantly greater than length be 15cm, 17cm and contrast to the colored fringe Single seed weight of 9cm, 11cm, but the shorter output of colored fringe is difficult to guarantee because flower spike length degree is 9cm.On fruit grain longitudinal and transverse demeter, between each process, difference is not obvious, but flower spike length degree is longer, and fruit grain has the trend diminished; It is painted that flower fringe Shape correction all facilitates fruit grain, and flower spike length degree is long, and fruit colour is painted poor.Fruit ear tight ness rating except flower spike length degree be 9cm comparatively closely except, fruit ear serial type tight ness ratings of other process are all moderate.
The different whole spike length degree of table 3.2 is on the impact of red Ba Laduo grape fruit interior quality
| Hua Sui prunes length/cm | Peeling hardness (kg/cm 2) | Soluble solid content (%) | Titratable acid content (%) |
| 9 | 2.03 | 16.7a | 0.3 |
| 11 | 2.11 | 16.4a | 0.35 |
| 13 | 2.2 | 16.1a | 0.36 |
| 15 | 2.19 | 15.4ab | 0.4 |
| 17 | 2.25 | 14.9b | 0.41 |
| Contrast | 2.24 | 14.8b | 0.43 |
As can be seen from table 3.2, fringe shaping length of not suiting all has impact to fruit grain peeling hardness, and tool colored fringe with a grain of salt is longer, the trend that fruit grain belt leather hardness is larger.This illustrates that fruit grain hardness is relevant with fruit maturity, and fruit maturity is higher, and hardness is less, and it is short that Hua Sui retains length, and the flower amount stayed is few, and after bearing fruit, fruit ear is smaller, the nutritional sufficiency of acquisition, and fruit maturity is good; Compare photograph, flower fringe shaping length be 9cm, 11cm, 13cm all significantly improve soluble solid content; On titratable acid, between each colored fringe Shape correction, difference is not remarkable, but tool colored fringe with a grain of salt is shorter, the trend that titratable acid content is lower.This illustrates that the soluble solid content of fruit, titratable acid content are also relevant to fruit maturity, and when not overdone, fruit maturity is higher, and soluble solid content is also higher, and titratable acid content is lower.
Comprehensive above three groups of result of the tests are reached a conclusion, and for the red Ba Laduo grape that natural percentage of fertile fruit is high, by watering water treatment flowering stage at grape, can reduce grape flower fringe percentage of fertile fruit, wherein best in come into bloom flower thinning effect of watering of grape; The ample supply of fruit nutrient can be ensured again simultaneously, improve fruit quality.And irrigation amount is no more than 50kg as well, preferably control at every strain tree 30kg-40kg, the effect that the 35kg that waters is set in every strain is best.By carrying out Hua Sui arrangement after grape full-bloom stage, reaching further flower thinning object, particularly retaining the colored fringe that length is 11cm-13cm, fruit ear serial type can be made neat, and tight ness rating is moderate, and fruit quality improves, and commodity is good.The inflorescence Training system that red Ba Laduo grape is suitable for after full-bloom stage is: cut off secondary fringe and fringe shoulder top 3 ?5 stalk, fringe point is not pruned, and whole colored fringe retains 20 ?23 and obstructs.Hua Sui arranges and prunes well, keeps fringe shoulder breadth 5 ?7 ㎝, wide 3 ?4.5 ㎝ of fringe tail, spike length 11 ?13 ㎝.
The foregoing is only embodiments of the invention; not thereby the scope of the claims of the present invention is limited; every utilize description of the present invention to do equivalent structure or equivalent flow process conversion; or be directly or indirectly used in other relevant technical fields, be all in like manner included in scope of patent protection of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. a whole fringe method for red Ba Laduo grape, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
(1) in order to reach flower thinning object, water flowering stage at grape, the every strain of irrigation amount is no more than 50kg;
(2) full-bloom stage Final finishing flower fringe, cut off secondary fringe and fringe shoulder top 3-5 stalk, fringe point is not pruned, and whole colored fringe retains 20-23 stalk;
(3) Hua Sui arranges and prunes well, keeps fringe shoulder breadth 5-7 ㎝, the wide 3-4.5 ㎝ of fringe tail, spike length 11-13 ㎝.
2. the whole fringe method of a kind of red Ba Laduo grape as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described flowering stage refers to and comes into bloom, and irrigation amount is 35kg-40kg.
3. the whole fringe method of a kind of red Ba Laduo grape as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, the every strain of described irrigation amount is 35kg.
4. the whole fringe method of a kind of red Ba Laduo grape as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that, described when coming into bloom that namely flowering rate is 0-30%, when referring to after described full-bloom stage that flowering rate is 70-80%.
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| CN115428691A (en) * | 2022-10-18 | 2022-12-06 | 云南淏丰农业科技开发有限公司 | Quality-improving and efficiency-increasing flower spike shaping method |
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| CN103283559A (en) * | 2013-06-27 | 2013-09-11 | 镇江万山红遍农业园 | Panicle arrangement method for improving Kyoho grape setting rate |
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| CN103283559A (en) * | 2013-06-27 | 2013-09-11 | 镇江万山红遍农业园 | Panicle arrangement method for improving Kyoho grape setting rate |
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| 早熟优质葡萄良种——黑巴拉多;吕英岗 等;《科学种养》;20131231(第12期);45 * |
| 极早熟葡萄新品种红巴拉多、黑巴拉多引种表现;俞丹萍 等;《现代园艺》;20121231(第22期);200 * |
| 葡萄花序整形和疏花疏果技术;距《河北科技报》;《果农之友》;20121231(第5期);45 * |
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