CN104351000A - Culture method of pomelo hybrid - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a culture method of a pomelo hybrid, and belongs to the technical field of breeding of fruit trees. The method comprises the following steps of preparation of parent plants, hybridizing and pollination, management after pollination, harvesting and treatment of the hybrid, sowing and seedling raising, management of seedlings, top grafting, management after grafting, and verification of the hybrid. The method has the advantages that the land occupation is little, the cost is low, the fruiting is early, and the breeding efficiency is high.

Description

The breeding method of a kind of shaddock class hybrid

Technical field

The invention belongs to fruit breeding technical field, relate to the breeding method of a kind of shaddock class hybrid specifically.

Background technology

China is the important country of origin of shaddock class, again Shi You class big producing country, and current national shaddock class cultivated area about 3,600,000 mu, output surpasses 2,500,000 tons, all occupies first place in the world.China's shaddock class germ plasm resource is enriched, and wherein shatian pomelo, Guanxi small stream honey shaddock etc. are name shaddock product well-known at home and abroad.But because shatian pomelo exists the shortcomings such as seed is many, fruit juice is less, skin is thicker; although the competitiveness on the citrus market of becoming increasingly abundant is the precocious seedless or few core of decline Guanxi small stream honey shaddock gradually; but owing to having there is granulation, rip-panel, having adopted the phenomenons such as rear acidifying; have a strong impact on the lifting of value of the product; affect the development of its industry, after particularly China-ASEAN free trade area is built up, China's shaddock class market is subject to great impact.Seed selection extremely early mature, precocity, the high-quality shaddock new varieties such as late-maturing, seedless can obtain larger economic benefit, produce significant to China's shaddock class.

Crossbreeding is the important method of shaddock class breeding of new variety, due to the orchard fruit that shaddock class is perennial vegetative propagation and open pollination, genetic background is complicated, hybrid generation is separated extensively, filial generation needs comparatively large group, therefore, traditional breeding way cultivates soil and the human and material resources that shaddock class hybrid needs at substantial.Meanwhile, because the virgin phase of shaddock class is long, average about 10 years, breeding efficiency is had a strong impact on.Therefore, exploration is a kind of reduces shaddock class hybrid cultivation plantation land used and management cost, and does sth. in advance the breeding method of hybrid result, has important promotion and application be worth the breeding of shaddock class.

Summary of the invention

The object of this invention is to provide a kind of hybrid breeding method of shaddock class, to overcome the defect existed in prior art, the present invention have that land used is few, cost is low, result early and the high advantage of breeding efficiency.Technical scheme provided by the present invention is as follows:

A breeding method for shaddock class hybrid, is characterized in that, described method comprises following key step:

(1) preparation of parental plant: after selected hybrid combination, before hybridization, 2-3 plants the grafting of one of hybrid strain kind or utilizes the adult plants that in production garden, existing parental breed 3-5 is raw to graft strain as height;

(2) hybridization pollination: do hybrid strain with the seedless shaddock of shatian pomelo and Jintang, carry out reciprocal cross respectively;

(3) management after pollination: carry out bagging immediately after pollination, can bag be removed after the style column cap browning after pollinating;

(4) hybrid is gathered and processes: in hybridizing hybridization fruit of gathering the 9-10 month then, takes out seed, is cleaned by seed, for subsequent use;

(5) seeding and seedling raising: adopt and namely adopt the method namely broadcast, first with medicament seed soaking, then cleans with clear water, takes out seed, peel off exosper, by planting seed in composite soil dish, be placed in vernalization in 28 DEG C of incubators, moisturizing;

(6) seedling management: after hybrid seed is sprouted and sprouted, shifted out incubator, be placed in indoor or greenhouse and cultivate, grow after true leaf until seedling, drenched every 10 days and execute 0.1-0.2% urea or composite fertilizer's aqueous solution 1 time;

(7) height connects: in next year 4-10 month, and after first Shoot hardeding eye of seedling is full, by the method for cut-grafting or side grafting, parental plant carries out grafting, and each branch grafting 1 hybrid is buddered, about every strain connects 15-20 bud;

(8) managing after grafting;

(9) hybrid identification: rise for the 3rd year after height connects, identifies the Blooming and bearing habit of hybrid single and fruit quality, to meeting single of breeding objective or show excellent Dan Zhizai and carry out expanding propagation.

It is wherein, high described in step (1) that to graft strain be parent's adult plants about every strain can connect 20 hybrid buds.

Wherein, Medicament soaked seed described in step (5) is use 0.1% potassium permanganate vacuole seed 10min.

Wherein, described in step (5), composite soil dish is made up of according to volume ratio 1:1:1 fine sand, garden mould and seedling medium.

Wherein, described in step (8), managing after grafting comprises: 1. check whether scion survives, if do not survive, then the bud on the original corresponding seedling of clip carries out benefit in time and connects;

2. whipping is removed: after inspection scion survives, first choose bud and expose, remainder is still wrapped up; When young sprout lignification, remove and all wrap up;

3. except sprouting and processing sublateral shoot: when the tender tip of more than 3 is sprouted in scion, 2-3 healthy and strong, different the tender tip in raw orientation of should selecting and remain, removes the rudiment that all the other tender tips and interstock occur.

beneficial effect of the present invention

The present invention has that land used is few, cost is low, result early and the high advantage of breeding efficiency.

Embodiment

Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.

specific embodiment:the cultivation of the seedless shaddock hybrid of shatian pomelo and Jintang

1, the incubation step of shaddock class hybrid seedling

After selected hybrid combination, in the grafting of one of hybridization first 3 years plantation hybrid strain kinds, be good with the tree crown branch quantity that a strain can connect about 20 hybrid buds;

Do hybrid strain with the seedless shaddock of shatian pomelo and Jintang, carry out reciprocal cross respectively;

Pollinate latter 7 days, treat that pollination style column cap browning can remove bag.After hybridization, management is according to citriculture Routine Management technology;

In hybridizing hybridization fruit of gathering by the end of September then, getting kind, hybrid seed being cleaned up for subsequent use;

Adopt and namely adopt the method namely broadcast.First by seed with 0.1% potassium permanganate vacuole kind clean with clear water after 10 minutes, take out seed, peel off exosper, carry out sowing in composite soil dish according to volume ratio 1:1:1 in fine sand, garden mould and seedling medium, be placed in vernalization in 28 DEG C of incubators, moisturizing;

Hybrid seed shifts out incubator, is placed in indoor or greenhouse and cultivates, moisturizing of often watering, grow after true leaf until seedling after sprouting and sprouting, and drenches every 10 days the aqueous solution of urea executing 0.1-0.2%, promotes seedling growth;

In next year 4-10 month, after the ripe eye of first tip of seedling is full, by the method for cut-grafting or side grafting, the last tip of the adult plants of ready parental breed carries out grafting, and each branch grafting hybrid is buddered, about every strain connects 20 buds.Connect that rear each branch is numbered, listing mark and observed and recorded;

Managing after grafting: 1. inspection survives and connects with benefit; 2. whipping is removed; 3. except sprouting and processing sublateral shoot;

Height connects the 3rd year and rises, and has hybrid to yield positive results gradually, according to breeding objective, can carry out Testing and appraisal to each hybrid single Blooming and bearing habit, fruit quality etc., has single of meeting breeding objective or show excellent Dan Zhizai to carry out expanding propagation.

In addition, this experiment is provided with contrast, and contrast as namely traditional hybrid type of rearing directly plants hybrid seedling, plant line-spacing 4m × 5m, mu plants 33 strains.

2, experimental result (seeing the following form 1)

(1) land used is few: obtain 100 strain shaddock class hybrid seedling colonies to cultivate, traditional hybrid type of rearing for directly to plant hybrid seedling, plant line-spacing 4m × 5m, mu plants 33 strains, and 100 strain shaddock class hybrid seedlings need take up an area 3 mu altogether; And adopt the present invention, every strain parental breed grow up the height of tree connect 20 buds (hybrid individual plant) left and right, only need 5-6 strain parent adult plants, 100 strain shaddock class hybrid heights of seedling connect rear occupation of land about 0.3 mu, and the cultivation of 100 strain hybrid populations is in a ratio of 1/17 of land area needed for conventional method.As can be seen here, this method can significantly Economization on land usable floor area, in short supply the having very important significance now of land resources.

(2) cost is saved: same, 100 strain shaddock class hybrid seedling colonies are obtained to cultivate, the means of agricultural production needed for annual every strain tree, artificial etc. manages least cost and is about 90 yuan, conventional method is planted 100 strain parents and is needed 9000 yuan altogether, and the present invention only can connect cultivation 100 strain hybrid seedling by height with 5-6 strain parent, the management cost that the present invention plants 5-6 strain parent adult plants is 450 yuan, is in a ratio of 1/20 of cost needed for conventional method.

(3) ahead of time hybrid seedling result and qualification: shaddock class hybrid seedling of the present invention starts the result time and is generally 3-6, and on average starting the result time is 4.65 years; And conventional method shaddock class hybrid seedling starts the result time is generally 6-12, on average starting the result time is 8.75, and hybrid seedling on average can do sth. in advance 4.1 annual bearings and qualification, visible, and the present invention improves breeding efficiency greatly.

Table 1 this method is cultivating comparing on shaddock class hybrid seedling land needed, cost and the breeding time limit with conventional method

The aforementioned description to concrete exemplary of the present invention is to illustrate and the object of illustration.These descriptions not want the present invention to be defined as disclosed precise forms, and obviously, according to above-mentioned instruction, can much change and change.The object selected exemplary embodiment and describe is to explain certain principles of the present invention and practical application thereof, thus those skilled in the art can be realized and utilize various different exemplary of the present invention and various different selection and change.Scope of the present invention is intended to limited by claims and equivalents thereof.

Claims (5)

1. a breeding method for shaddock class hybrid, is characterized in that, said method comprising the steps of:

(1) preparation of parental plant: after selected hybrid combination, before hybridization, 2-3 plants the grafting of one of hybrid strain kind or utilizes the adult plants that in production garden, existing parental breed 3-5 is raw to graft strain as height;

(2) hybridization pollination: do hybrid strain with the seedless shaddock of shatian pomelo and Jintang, carry out reciprocal cross respectively;

(3) management after pollination: carry out bagging isolation immediately after pollination, can bag be removed after the style column cap browning after pollinating;

(4) hybrid is gathered and processes: in hybridizing hybridization fruit of gathering the 9-10 month then, takes out seed, is cleaned by seed, for subsequent use;

(5) seeding and seedling raising: adopt and namely adopt the method namely broadcast, first with medicament seed soaking, then cleans with clear water, takes out seed, peel off exosper, by planting seed in composite soil dish, be placed in vernalization in 28 DEG C of incubators, moisturizing;

(6) seedling management: after hybrid seed is sprouted and sprouted, shifted out incubator, be placed in indoor or greenhouse and cultivate, grow after true leaf until seedling, drenched every 10 days and execute 0.1-0.2% urea or composite fertilizer's aqueous solution 1 time;

(7) height connects: in next year 4-10 month, and after first Shoot hardeding eye of seedling is full, by the method for cut-grafting or side grafting, parental plant carries out grafting, and each branch grafting 1 hybrid is buddered, and every strain connects 15-20 bud;

(8) managing after grafting;

(9) hybrid identification: rise for the 3rd year after height connects, identifies the Blooming and bearing habit of hybrid single and fruit quality, to meeting single of breeding objective or show excellent Dan Zhizai and carry out expanding propagation.

2. the breeding method of as claimed in claim 1 shaddock class hybrid, is characterized in that, high described in step (1) to graft strain be parent's adult plants about every strain can connect 20 hybrid buds.

3. the breeding method of shaddock class hybrid as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, Medicament soaked seed described in step (5), is use 0.1% potassium permanganate vacuole seed 10min.

4. the breeding method of shaddock class hybrid as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described in step (5), composite soil dish is made up of according to volume ratio 1:1:1 fine sand, garden mould and seedling medium.

5. the breeding method of shaddock class hybrid as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described in step (8), managing after grafting comprises:

1. check whether scion survives, if do not survive, then the bud on the original corresponding seedling of clip carries out benefit in time and connects;

2. whipping is removed: after inspection scion survives, first choose bud and expose, remainder is still wrapped up; When young sprout lignification, remove and all wrap up;

3. except sprouting and processing sublateral shoot: when the tender tip of more than 3 is sprouted in scion, 2-3 healthy and strong, different the tender tip in raw orientation of should selecting and remain, removes the rudiment that all the other tender tips and interstock occur.