CN103975809B - The method of a kind of seedling-cultivation plate breeding paddy rice three garden original seed - Google Patents
The method of a kind of seedling-cultivation plate breeding paddy rice three garden original seed Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention discloses the method for a kind of seedling-cultivation plate breeding paddy rice three garden original seed, the plantation being simultaneously applicable to Rice Progenies is selected, belong to rice breeding technology field, solve the rice seedling bed grain of rice in existing paddy rice process for preparing protospecies residual (Weedy Rice seed or last year paddy rice shattering) and mixing of link is transplanted in sowing, and the slow seedling of transplanting is slow, individual plant growth differences is comparatively large, and the original seed purity of production is difficult to the problem ensured.Method of the present invention adopts seedling-cultivation plate method that rice row garden, fringe system garden, original seed farm are produced and combined with paddy rice plastics seedling-cultivation plate culture technique, the physical culture of plastics seedling dish alms bowl is adopted to go out root with nutritive cube, the rice seedling being mutually easy to dispersion, by field fix a point single alms bowl seedling transplant set up head progeny row (being) garden, carry out the method for the paddy rice three garden seed production based on head progeny row (being) alternative, thoroughly stop rice seedling bed impurity of seeds chance, be conducive to the efficiency of selection of raising original seed, reproduction coefficient and purity.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the method for a kind of seedling-cultivation plate breeding paddy rice three garden original seed, the plantation being simultaneously applicable to Rice Progenies is selected, and belongs to rice breeding technology field.
Background technology
By paddy rice seed production regulations for technical operation (GB/T17316-1998), paddy rice three garden process for preparing protospecies after the excellent single fringe of selection, carry out single fringe threshing respectively, dress bag preserved, sow seeds seedling or whole fringe seedling, this transplantings single, set up head progeny row, head progeny row Identification, preferably head progeny row set up fringe system, fringe system Identification, major clique mixing, production original seed.Practice shows that these links easily cause and mixes, and particularly mixing of link is transplanted in the rice seedling bed grain of rice residual (Weedy Rice seed or last year paddy rice shattering) and sowing, and it is slow to transplant slow seedling, and individual plant growth differences is comparatively large, and the original seed purity of production is difficult to ensure.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to easily cause for existing paddy rice process for preparing protospecies links mix, particularly mixing of link is transplanted in the rice seedling bed grain of rice residual (Weedy Rice seed or last year paddy rice shattering) and sowing, and the slow seedling of transplanting is slow, individual plant growth differences is larger, the original seed purity of producing is difficult to the problem ensured, provides a kind of seedling-cultivation plate to breed the method for paddy rice original seed.That rice row garden, fringe system garden, original seed farm are produced and combined with paddy rice plastics seedling-cultivation plate culture technique by the seedling-cultivation plate method of paddy rice three garden seed production, research sums up the method for seedling-cultivation plate breeding paddy rice original seed, namely adopt plastics seedlings dish bring out root with nutritive cube, be mutually easy to disperse rice seedling, by field fix a point single alms bowl seedling transplant set up head progeny row (being) garden, carry out head progeny row (being) alternative.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
A method for seedling-cultivation plate breeding paddy rice three garden original seed, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
S1: select single fringe
(1) single fringe is selected in field: from the head progeny row garden in production field or three seed production fields, garden, fringe system garden, original seed Tanaka, according to plant height, plant type, Ye Zi, leaf look, fringe type, grain type, the Growth period traits of breeding kind, with former comparative variety, select that there is original kind characteristic feature, single fringe 300 to 400 without damage by disease and insect;
When field is selected, an individual plant only selected 1 fringe, the Dan Suixian not threshing that field is selected, puts into seed mesh bag by kind air-dry to moisture≤14.5%;
(2) indoor species test, final election list fringe, single fringe threshing: indoor according to breeding the grain type of kind, ripening rate, seed holding carry out final election, selects single fringe 150-250 fringe with original kind characteristic feature;
After indoor final election, single fringe threshing, removes blue or green flat grain, and every tassel seed fills separately parcel and preserves, and obtains the single fringe simple grain of paddy rice, as head progeny row next year garden material;
S2: head progeny row garden produces
(1) nutritive soil preparation: before selecting the winter, deep ploughing, loose vegetable garden soil make Nutrition Soil, every 100kg is sieved in fine earth and evenly admix 600-675g rice seedling-growth soil regulator, or every 100kg sieves in fine earth and evenly admixes ammonium sulfate 100-130g, superphosphate 100-180g, potassium chloride 40-100g; Select to sieve when fair weather and mound moisture 10wt%-15%wt, particle diameter≤5mm, cover with plastic sheeting for farm use after sieve and continue to concentrate heap vexed, make the abundant slaking of loam, general in broadcasting front 7d, every 1000kg Nutrition Soil 40-60g fenaminosulf 100 times of liquid spray the sterilization of vexed heap, or before broadcasting rear epiphragma, 1000-1500 times of liquid spray disinfectant is watered with 65% fenaminosulf 50-60g, in case sprout term diseases such as damping offs, then by drying, sieve, foster and apply fertilizer, the Nutrition Soil that makes of sterilization, heap loads macropore six rib seedling bowl plate 2/3 degree of depth;
Described macropore six rib seedling bowl plate is 561 caves, 19 row, row cave number 30-29-30;
(2) simple grain is embarked on journey bunch planting: the paddy rice obtained by step S1 (2) single fringe simple grain point is sowed in the alms bowl body of seedling dish, the program request of every fringe full line, every fringe 100-115 grain program request 3 row, every fringe 115-145 grain program request 4 row, every fringe more than 145 program request 5 row, after planting sprinkle thin layer Nutrition Soil and cover tightly seed, cover non-woven fabrics, then seedling dish is close to and arranges on seedling bed, seedling tray bottom press-in seedling bed, to ensure that each several part fully contacts with seedling bed; Same kind program request line number is consistent, and the remaining seed of inadequate full line is not broadcast;
During seedling growth, the whole fringe in rice seedling bed pulls out the dysgonic rice shoots such as growth potential is weak, Albino Seedling;
(3) bracing wire is fixed a point the planting of single cave: a portable dish, transplant on the other hand and press the row transplanting of seedling dish cave, seedling dish a line Honda transplants into a line, the line number of the line number after transplanting and columns and seedling dish and columns correspondent equal, every fringe seedling dish is broadcast a few row and is transplanted a few row, line-spacing 25cm, pier distance 13cm, the long 3-3.5m of row;
(4) field head progeny row is selected: select according to the tillering of head progeny row plant, plant type, Ye Zi, leaf look, fringe type, grain type, awns look, ripe phase, ripe phase, damage by disease and insect, select head progeny row 20-30 with original kind characteristic feature, wherein, the head progeny row that damage by disease and insect occurs is not selected in, have obviously different compared with original kind, the head progeny row that Comprehensive Traits is excellent or individual plant are not selected in;
Concrete, after rice transplanting by kind observe record tiller, plant phene that plant type, Ye Zi, leaf look, heading stage, fringe type, grain type, awns look, ripe phase, ripe phase, damage by disease and insect and weather, fertilization factors are formed, the head progeny row finding that there is variation separation investigates record separately, and press head progeny row mark, with the selected head progeny row of different colours mark, eliminate head progeny row and excellent variation head progeny row, fringe phase cut phase to beginning is the best period differentiating head progeny row proterties, once, the maturing stage is selected in head progeny row 20-30 according to variable rate technology in 2-3d investigation;
To be selected in head progeny row by kind serial number, single-row harvester, singly ties airing, independent threshing, loads seed mesh bag air-dry to moisture less than 14.5%;
(5) indoor species test, quality restriction, final election single file:
The data choosing breeding original kind are contrast, species test is carried out in the head progeny row indoor that field is selected, species test factor is a type, awns look, thousand kernel weight, each head progeny row is got 200 and is carried out a meter matter analysis, statistics Coarse Rice Rate, chalk rice rate, green rice-grain rate, irregular rice rate, the data of indoor species test and rice matter assay and original kind compared, final election has head progeny row 15-25 of original kind characteristic feature as fringe system garden material next year;
S3: fringe system garden produces
The head progeny row selected by last year, by the simple grain seedling in seedling dish respectively of each head progeny row, each head progeny row 180 whole dishes, the seedling dish that bracing wire fixed point transplants each head progeny row becomes a community, is called fringe system, line-spacing 25cm, and pier, apart from 13cm, generally takes up an area 667m
2;
Growing period carries out fringe system and compares, and eliminates the atypical fringe system of growth, and after selected excellent fringe system results, mixing threshing is breeder's stock, and general each kind is selected in fringe system 10-20, determines by original seed next year field area;
Described growth be not true to type take above-mentioned steps S1 and S2 single fringe selection traits, species test proterties and field head progeny row selection traits selection mode select;
S4: original seed farm is produced
The breeder's stock obtained by step S3 carries out mechanical planting, establishes the isolation strip of more than 20m between kind, an a kind of garden, forbids flower arrangement plantation;
Management before results: hybrid strain, variant and weeds will be pulled out in time, before results, through technical staff, according to breeding the purity of typical Characters Identification original seed farm of kind and damage by disease and insect, a situation arises, the seed-breeding field that quarantine object occurs is destroyed, and makes seed purity reach more than 99.99%;
Carry out seeds processing inspection after threshing, make seed moisture content≤14.5%, germination rate >=85%, cleanliness >=98.0%, the seed be up to the standards enters original seed storehouse and preserves, and obtains paddy rice original seed.
Preferably, the selection mode with original kind characteristic feature is as follows:
Described plant height is selected: the maturing stage measures the most Gao Sui in every cave, and compared with original kind, difference is no more than 3cm, and the length of described most Gao Sui is the length from basal part of stem to fringe top, and this length is containing awns;
Described plant type is selected: tillering regularity is estimated, tight bundle, moderate or loose, selects the plant type identical with original kind respectively;
Described leaf appearance is selected: tillering regularity is estimated, straight and upright, medium or hang down loosely, and selects the leaf appearance identical with original kind respectively;
Described leaf look is selected: tillering regularity is estimated, dark green, green or pale green, selects the leaf look identical with original kind respectively;
Described fringe type is selected: the maturing stage estimates, and straight fringe type, half straight fringe type or loose panicle type, select the fringe type identical with original kind respectively;
Described grain type is selected: elongated shape, ellipse, half spindle or circle, selects the grain type identical with original kind respectively;
Described breeding time is selected: select fringe phase beginning, full heading time and maturing stage to differ the single fringe being no more than 2 days with original kind;
Described ripening rate is selected: difference≤3% selecting ripening rate and original kind;
Described seed holding is selected: the maturing stage twists with the fingers spike of rice with have gentle hands, depending on threshing complexity divide difficulty, in, easy 3 grades, select the seed holding identical with original kind respectively;
Described awns look is selected: full heading time is estimated: light yellow, rufous, purple, selects the awns look identical with original kind respectively;
Described selection of tillering: tillering regularity is selected to differ with the average maximum tiller number of original kind the head progeny row being no more than 3;
Described breeding time is selected: select fringe phase beginning, full heading time and maturing stage to differ the single fringe being no more than 2 days with original kind;
Describedly ripely to select mutually: the maturing stage estimates, good, in, poor, the selection ripe phase identical with original kind respectively;
Described thousand kernel weight is selected: thousand kernel weight differs with contrast and is no more than 1g;
Described Coarse Rice Rate, chalk rice rate, green rice-grain rate, the assay assay of irregular rice rate and the initial data of check variety are compared, and difference is no more than 2%.
Preferably, described in step S2 (2), the thickness of thin layer Nutrition Soil is 0.5-1cm.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
(1) method of the present invention adopts seedling-cultivation plate method that rice row garden, fringe system garden, original seed farm are produced and combined with paddy rice plastics seedling-cultivation plate culture technique, the physical culture of plastics seedling dish alms bowl is adopted to go out root with nutritive cube, the rice seedling being mutually easy to dispersion, by field fix a point single alms bowl seedling transplant set up head progeny row (being) garden, carry out the method for the paddy rice three garden seed production based on head progeny row (being) alternative, thoroughly stop rice seedling bed impurity of seeds chance, be conducive to the efficiency of selection of raising original seed, reproduction coefficient and purity.
(2) the seedling growth neat and consistent of seedling dish cultivation, the growth potential difference because extraneous factor (rich water etc.) causes is there will not be in head progeny row (being) and between head progeny row (being), each character variation coefficient is little, improves the reliability and stability that head progeny row (being) is selected.
(3) paddy rice original seed purity is improved, take the Nutrition Soil seedling of screening composting, rice seedling bed and seed are thoroughly isolated, seedling-cultivation plate also to have stopped to educate in rice transplanting process impurity of seeds chance between head progeny row (being), and the original seed purity of producing improves close to one thousandth than sow seeds seedling or the seedling of whole fringe rice seedling bed of single fringe threshing.
(4) to hinder root few for rice shoot, and it is light to plant wound, and turn green fast, tiller early, tillering node is low, tillers many, and leaf emergence rate is fast, and total leaf number is many, and later stage greenery number is many.
(5) maturing stage does sth. in advance 2-3 days.
(6) be conducive to rice high yield stable yields, improve reproduction coefficient, than land for growing field crops seedling transplanting volume increase more than 5%.
Embodiment
In order to understand the present invention better, illustrate content of the present invention further below in conjunction with embodiment, but content of the present invention is not only confined to the following examples, embodiment should not regard as limiting the scope of the present invention.Below in conjunction with example, the present invention will be further described:
Embodiment 1: three garden seed productions of sunlight 200 rice varieties
The present invention adopts kind to be sunlight 200, formed by the independent seed selection of Tancheng County seeds company, within 2005, by Shandong Province's crop varietal approval committee (authorization numbering: Lu Nong examines No. [2005] 037, word), 2008 by national crop varietal approval committee (authorization numbering: state examines rice 2008043).
S1: select the typical Dan Sui of sunlight 200
(1) single fringe is selected in field: from the head progeny row garden of sunlight 200, according to the proterties such as plant height, plant type, leaf look, fringe type, grain type, awns look, breeding time of sunlight 200 rice varieties, select to have this kind characteristic feature, single fringe 300 fringe without rice blast and false smut seed.
Table 1 sunlight 200 rice varieties selects the single fringe typical case's proterties table of comparisons (Shandong-Tancheng, 2010)
When field is selected, an individual plant only selected 1 fringe, the Dan Suixian not threshing that field is selected, puts into seed mesh bag by kind air-dry to moisture≤14.5%;
(2) indoor species test, final election list fringe, single fringe threshing: the proterties such as the indoor fringe type according to sunlight 200 rice varieties, grain type, glume colour, bran point look, awns look, seed holding carries out strict final election, final election 200-250 fringe;
The table 2 sunlight 200 rice varieties final election list fringe typical case's proterties table of comparisons (Shandong-Tancheng, 2010)
After indoor final election, single fringe threshing, removes blue or green flat grain, and every tassel seed fills separately parcel and preserves, and obtains the single fringe simple grain of paddy rice, as head progeny row next year garden material.
S2: head progeny row garden produces
(1) nutritive soil preparation: select deep ploughing, loose vegetable garden soil before the winter to make Nutrition Soil, carry out, then by drying, sieve, foster and apply fertilizer, Nutrition Soil loading macropore six rib seedling bowl plate 2/3 degree of depth that makes of sterilization, heap.
Described macropore six rib seedling bowl plate is 561 caves, 19 row, row cave number 30-29-30;
(2) simple grain is embarked on journey bunch planting: the paddy rice obtained by step S1 (2) single fringe simple grain point is sowed in the alms bowl body of seedling dish, the program request of every fringe full line, every fringe program request 3 row, after planting sprinkles thin layer (0.5-1.0cm) Nutrition Soil again and covers tightly seed, covers non-woven fabrics;
Then seedling dish is close to and arranges on seedling bed, seedling tray bottom press-in seedling bed, to ensure that each several part fully contacts with seedling bed; Same kind program request line number is consistent, and the remaining seed of inadequate full line is not broadcast;
During seedling growth, the whole fringe in rice seedling bed pulls out the dysgonic rice shoots such as growth potential is weak, Albino Seedling;
(3) bracing wire is fixed a point the planting of single cave: a portable dish, transplants on the other hand to press seedling dish cave row and transplant, and seedling dish a line Honda transplants into a line, and every fringe seedling dish broadcasts 3 row, line-spacing 25cm, pier apart from 13cm, long about the 3.3m of row;
(4) field head progeny row is selected: observe in detail the plant performance situation recorded the tillering of each head progeny row of sunlight 200 rice varieties, plant type, Ye Zi, leaf look, heading stage, fringe type, grain type, glume colour, bran point look, awns look, ripe phase, ripe phase, various damage by disease and insect and the factor such as weather, fertilising and formed after rice transplanting, the head progeny row finding that there is variation separation investigates record separately, and press head progeny row mark (with the selected head progeny row of different colours mark, eliminating head progeny row and excellent variation head progeny row) in time, fringe phase cut phase to beginning is the best period differentiating head progeny row proterties, and 2-3d investigation once.Maturing stage is according to variable rate technology preferred 20-25 head progeny row from selected head progeny row;
Have obviously different compared with original kind, the head progeny row that Comprehensive Traits is excellent or individual plant can be selected in and carry out test for identification as breeding material, and mixed receipts of other head progeny rows be not selected in is eliminated.To be selected in head progeny row by kind serial number, single-row harvester, singly ties airing, independent threshing, loads seed mesh bag air-dry to moisture less than 14.5%;
(5) indoor species test, quality restriction, final election single file: species test is carried out in the head progeny row indoor that field is selected, mainly grain type, glume colour, bran point look, awns look, thousand kernel weight, each head progeny row is got 200 and is carried out a meter matter analysis, statistics Coarse Rice Rate, chalk rice rate, green rice-grain rate, irregular rice rate etc., the initial data of indoor species test and rice matter assay and sunlight 200 rice varieties compared, a final election 15-20 head progeny row is as fringe system garden material next year.
Table 3 sunlight 200 rice varieties grain characters and rice quality table (Shandong-Tancheng, 2011)
S3: fringe system garden produces
The head progeny row selected by last year, the seed soaking of independent evil line green grass or young crops, thoroughly skim blue or green flat grain, by the simple grain seedling in seedling dish respectively of each head progeny row, each head progeny row approximately needs 180 whole dishes, and the seedling dish that bracing wire fixed point transplants each head progeny row becomes a community, be called fringe system, line-spacing 25cm, pier, apart from 13cm, generally takes up an area 667m
2left and right;
Growing period carries out fringe system and compares, and eliminates the atypical fringe system of growth, and after selected excellent fringe system results, mixing threshing is breeder's stock, general selected fringe system 10-15.
S4: original seed farm is produced
The breeder's stock obtained by step S3 carries out mechanical planting, establishes the isolation strip of more than 20m between kind, an a kind of garden, forbids flower arrangement plantation;
Management before results: hybrid strain, variant and weeds will be pulled out in time, a situation arises for the front purity through the strict identification of species of technical staff of results and damage by disease and insect, and the seed-breeding field that quarantine object occurs is destroyed, and makes seed purity reach more than 99.99%;
Carry out seeds processing inspection after threshing, make seed moisture content≤14.5%, germination rate >=85%, cleanliness >=98.0%, the seed be up to the standards enters original seed storehouse and preserves, and obtains paddy rice original seed.
Head progeny row garden proterties contrast table (Shandong-Tancheng, 2010) is set up in the seedling of table 4 sunlight 200 rice varieties distinct methods
Embodiment 2: three garden seed productions of sunlight 600 rice varieties
The present invention adopts kind to be sunlight 600, is formed by the independent seed selection of Tancheng County seeds company, and 2012 by Shandong Province's crop varietal approval committee (authorization numbering: Lu Nong examines No. [2012] 022, word).
S1: select the typical Dan Sui of sunlight 600
(1) single fringe is selected in field: from the head progeny row garden of sunlight 600, according to the proterties such as plant height, plant type, leaf look, fringe type, grain type, awns look, maturing stage of sunlight 600 rice varieties, select to have this kind characteristic feature, single fringe 300 fringe without rice blast and false smut seed.
Table 5 sunlight 600 rice varieties selects the single fringe typical case's proterties table of comparisons (Shandong-Tancheng, 2012)
When field is selected, an individual plant only selected 1 fringe, the Dan Suixian not threshing that field is selected, puts into seed mesh bag by kind air-dry to moisture≤14.5%;
(2) indoor species test, final election list fringe, single fringe threshing: the indoor proterties such as fringe type, grain type, ripening rate, awns look, seed holding according to sunlight 600 rice varieties carries out strict final election, final election 200-250 fringe;
The table 6 sunlight 600 rice varieties final election list fringe typical case's proterties table of comparisons (Shandong-Tancheng, 2012)
After indoor final election, single fringe threshing, removes blue or green flat grain, and every tassel seed fills separately parcel and preserves, and obtains the single fringe simple grain of paddy rice, as head progeny row next year garden material;
S2: head progeny row garden produces
(1) nutritive soil preparation: select deep ploughing, loose vegetable garden soil before the winter to make Nutrition Soil, carry out, then by drying, sieve, foster and apply fertilizer, Nutrition Soil loading macropore six rib seedling bowl plate 2/3 degree of depth that makes of sterilization, heap.
Described macropore six rib seedling bowl plate is 561 caves, 19 row, row cave number 30-29-30;
(2) simple grain is embarked on journey bunch planting: the paddy rice obtained by step S1 (2) single fringe simple grain point is sowed in the alms bowl body of seedling dish, the program request of every fringe full line, every fringe program request 3 row, after planting sprinkles thin layer (0.5-1.0cm) Nutrition Soil again and covers tightly seed, covers non-woven fabrics;
Then seedling dish is close to and arranges on seedling bed, seedling tray bottom press-in seedling bed, to ensure that each several part fully contacts with seedling bed; Same kind program request line number is consistent, and the remaining seed of inadequate full line is not broadcast;
During seedling growth, the whole fringe in rice seedling bed pulls out the dysgonic rice shoots such as growth potential is weak, Albino Seedling;
(3) bracing wire is fixed a point the planting of single cave: a portable dish, transplants on the other hand to press seedling dish cave row and transplant, and seedling dish a line Honda transplants into a line, and every fringe seedling dish broadcasts 3 row, line-spacing 25cm, pier apart from 13cm, long about the 3.3m of row;
(4) field head progeny row is selected: observe in detail the plant performance situation recorded the tillering of each head progeny row of sunlight 600 rice varieties, plant type, Ye Zi, leaf look, heading stage, fringe type, grain type, awns look, ripe phase, ripe phase, various damage by disease and insect and the factor such as weather, fertilising and formed after rice transplanting, the head progeny row finding that there is variation separation investigates record separately, and press head progeny row mark (with the selected head progeny row of different colours mark, eliminating head progeny row and excellent variation head progeny row) in time, fringe phase cut phase to beginning is the best period differentiating head progeny row proterties, and 2-3d investigation once.Maturing stage is according to variable rate technology preferred 20-25 head progeny row from selected head progeny row;
Have obviously different compared with original kind, the head progeny row that Comprehensive Traits is excellent or individual plant can be selected in and carry out test for identification as breeding material, and mixed receipts of other head progeny rows be not selected in is eliminated.To be selected in head progeny row by kind serial number, single-row harvester, singly ties airing, independent threshing, loads seed mesh bag air-dry to moisture less than 14.5%;
(5) indoor species test, quality restriction, final election single file: species test is carried out in the head progeny row indoor that field is selected, mainly grain type, awns look, thousand kernel weight, each head progeny row is got 200 and is carried out a meter matter analysis, statistics Coarse Rice Rate, chalk rice rate, green rice-grain rate, irregular rice rate etc., the initial data of indoor species test and rice matter assay and sunlight 600 rice varieties compared, a final election 15-20 head progeny row is as fringe system garden material next year;
Table 7 sunlight 600 rice varieties grain characters and rice quality table (Shandong-Tancheng, 2013)
S3: fringe system garden produces
The head progeny row selected by last year, the seed soaking of independent evil line green grass or young crops, thoroughly skim blue or green flat grain, by the simple grain seedling in seedling dish respectively of each head progeny row, each head progeny row approximately needs 180 whole dishes, and the seedling dish that bracing wire fixed point transplants each head progeny row becomes a community, be called fringe system, line-spacing 25cm, pier, apart from 13cm, generally takes up an area 667m
2left and right;
Growing period carries out fringe system and compares, and eliminates the atypical fringe system of growth, and after selected excellent fringe system results, mixing threshing is breeder's stock, general selected fringe system 10-15;
S4: original seed farm is produced
The breeder's stock obtained by step S3 carries out mechanical planting, machine rice transplantation, establishes the isolation strip of more than 20m between kind, an a kind of garden, forbids flower arrangement plantation;
Management before results: hybrid strain, variant and weeds will be pulled out in time, before results, through technical staff, according to the purity of the typical Characters Identification original seed farm of sunlight 600 rice varieties and damage by disease and insect, a situation arises, the seed-breeding field that quarantine object occurs is destroyed, and makes seed purity reach more than 99.99%;
Carry out seeds processing inspection after threshing, make seed moisture content≤14.5%, germination rate >=85%, cleanliness >=98.0%, the seed be up to the standards enters original seed storehouse and preserves, and obtains sunlight 600 paddy rice original seed.
Claims (3)
1. a method for seedling-cultivation plate breeding paddy rice three garden original seed, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
S1: select single fringe
(1) single fringe is selected in field: from the head progeny row garden in production field or three seed production fields, garden, fringe system garden, original seed Tanaka, according to plant height, plant type, Ye Zi, leaf look, fringe type, grain type, the Growth period traits of breeding kind, with former comparative variety, select that there is original kind characteristic feature, single fringe 300 to 400 without damage by disease and insect;
When field is selected, an individual plant only selected 1 fringe, the Dan Suixian not threshing that field is selected, puts into seed mesh bag by kind air-dry to moisture≤14.5%;
(2) indoor species test, final election list fringe, single fringe threshing: indoor according to breeding the grain type of kind, ripening rate, seed holding carry out final election, selects single fringe 150-250 fringe with original kind characteristic feature;
After indoor final election, single fringe threshing, removes blue or green flat grain, and every tassel seed fills separately parcel and preserves, and obtains the single fringe simple grain of paddy rice, as head progeny row next year garden material;
S2: head progeny row garden produces
(1) nutritive soil preparation: before selecting the winter, deep ploughing, loose vegetable garden soil make Nutrition Soil, every 100kg is sieved in fine earth and evenly admix 600-675g rice seedling-growth soil regulator, or every 100kg sieves in fine earth and evenly admixes ammonium sulfate 100-130g, superphosphate 100-180g, potassium chloride 40-100g; Select to sieve when fair weather and mound moisture 10wt%-15%wt, particle diameter≤5mm, cover with plastic sheeting for farm use after sieve and continue to concentrate heap vexed, make the abundant slaking of loam, in broadcasting front 7d, every 1000kg Nutrition Soil 40-60g fenaminosulf 100 times of liquid spray the sterilization of vexed heap, or before broadcasting rear epiphragma, 1000-1500 times of liquid spray disinfectant is watered with 65% fenaminosulf 50-60g, in case sprout term diseases such as damping offs, then by drying, sieve, foster and apply fertilizer, the Nutrition Soil that makes of sterilization, heap loads macropore six rib seedling bowl plate 2/3 degree of depth;
Described macropore six rib seedling bowl plate is 561 caves, 19 row, row cave number 30-29-30;
(2) simple grain is embarked on journey bunch planting: the paddy rice obtained by step S1 (2) single fringe simple grain point is sowed in the alms bowl body of seedling dish, the program request of every fringe full line, every fringe 100-115 grain program request 3 row, every fringe 115-145 grain program request 4 row, every fringe more than 145 program request 5 row, after planting sprinkle thin layer Nutrition Soil and cover tightly seed, cover non-woven fabrics, then seedling dish is close to and arranges on seedling bed, seedling tray bottom press-in seedling bed, to ensure that each several part fully contacts with seedling bed; Same kind program request line number is consistent, and the remaining seed of inadequate full line is not broadcast;
During seedling growth, the whole fringe in rice seedling bed pulls out the dysgonic rice shoots such as growth potential is weak, Albino Seedling;
(3) bracing wire is fixed a point the planting of single cave: a portable dish, transplant on the other hand and press the row transplanting of seedling dish cave, a line Honda transplanted into by a line seedling dish, the line number of the line number after transplanting and columns and seedling dish and columns correspondent equal, every fringe seedling dish is broadcast a few row and is transplanted a few row, line-spacing 25cm, pier distance 13cm, the long 3-3.5m of row;
(4) field head progeny row is selected: select according to the tillering of head progeny row plant, plant type, Ye Zi, leaf look, fringe type, grain type, awns look, ripe phase, ripe phase, damage by disease and insect, select head progeny row 20-30 with original kind characteristic feature, wherein, the head progeny row that damage by disease and insect occurs is not selected in, have obviously different compared with original kind, the head progeny row that Comprehensive Traits is excellent or individual plant are not selected in;
To be selected in head progeny row by kind serial number, single-row harvester, singly ties airing, independent threshing, loads seed mesh bag air-dry to moisture less than 14.5%;
(5) indoor species test, quality restriction, final election single file:
The data choosing breeding original kind are contrast, species test is carried out in the head progeny row indoor that field is selected, species test factor is a type, awns look, thousand kernel weight, each head progeny row is got 200 and is carried out a meter matter analysis, statistics Coarse Rice Rate, chalk rice rate, green rice-grain rate, irregular rice rate, the data of indoor species test and rice matter assay and original kind compared, final election has head progeny row 15-25 of original kind characteristic feature as fringe system garden material next year;
S3: fringe system garden produces
The head progeny row selected by last year, by the simple grain seedling in seedling dish respectively of each head progeny row, each head progeny row 180 whole dishes, the seedling dish that bracing wire fixed point transplants each head progeny row becomes a community, is called fringe system, line-spacing 25cm, and pier, apart from 13cm, takes up an area 667m
2;
Growing period carries out fringe system and compares, and eliminates the atypical fringe system of growth, and after selected excellent fringe system results, mixing threshing is breeder's stock, and each kind is selected in fringe system 10-20, determines by original seed next year field area;
Described growth be not true to type take above-mentioned steps S1 and S2 single fringe selection traits, species test proterties and field head progeny row selection traits selection mode select;
S4: original seed farm is produced
The breeder's stock obtained by step S3 carries out mechanical planting, establishes the isolation strip of more than 20m between kind, an a kind of garden, forbids flower arrangement plantation;
Management before results: hybrid strain, variant and weeds will be pulled out in time, before results, through technical staff, according to breeding the purity of typical Characters Identification original seed farm of kind and damage by disease and insect, a situation arises, the seed-breeding field that quarantine object occurs is destroyed, and makes seed purity reach more than 99.99%;
Carry out seeds processing inspection after threshing, make seed moisture content≤14.5%, germination rate >=85%, cleanliness >=98.0%, the seed be up to the standards enters original seed storehouse and preserves, and obtains paddy rice original seed.
2. the method for a kind of seedling-cultivation plate breeding paddy rice three garden according to claim 1 original seed, is characterized in that,
The selection mode with original kind characteristic feature is as follows:
Described plant height is selected: the maturing stage measures the most Gao Sui in every cave, and compared with original kind, difference is no more than 3cm, and the length of described most Gao Sui is the length from basal part of stem to fringe top, and this length is containing awns;
Described plant type is selected: tillering regularity is estimated, tight bundle, moderate or loose, selects the plant type identical with original kind respectively;
Described leaf appearance is selected: tillering regularity is estimated, straight and upright, medium or hang down loosely, and selects the leaf appearance identical with original kind respectively;
Described leaf look is selected: tillering regularity is estimated, dark green, green or pale green, selects the leaf look identical with original kind respectively;
Described fringe type is selected: the maturing stage estimates, and straight fringe type, half straight fringe type or loose panicle type, select the fringe type identical with original kind respectively;
Described grain type is selected: elongated shape, ellipse, half spindle or circle, selects the grain type identical with original kind respectively;
Described breeding time is selected: select fringe phase beginning, full heading time and maturing stage to differ the single fringe being no more than 2 days with original kind;
Described ripening rate is selected: difference≤3% selecting ripening rate and original kind;
Described seed holding is selected: the maturing stage twists with the fingers spike of rice with have gentle hands, depending on threshing complexity divide difficulty, in, easy 3 grades, select the seed holding identical with original kind respectively;
Described awns look is selected: full heading time is estimated: light yellow, rufous, purple, selects the awns look identical with original kind respectively;
Described selection of tillering: tillering regularity is selected to differ with the average maximum tiller number of original kind the head progeny row being no more than 3;
Described breeding time is selected: select fringe phase beginning, full heading time and maturing stage to differ the single fringe being no more than 2 days with original kind;
Describedly ripely to select mutually: the maturing stage estimates, good, in, poor, the selection ripe phase identical with original kind respectively;
Described thousand kernel weight is selected: thousand kernel weight differs with contrast and is no more than 1g;
Described Coarse Rice Rate, chalk rice rate, green rice-grain rate, the assay assay of irregular rice rate and the initial data of check variety are compared, and difference is no more than 2%.
3. the method for a kind of seedling-cultivation plate breeding paddy rice three garden according to claim 1 original seed, it is characterized in that, described in step S2 (2), the thickness of thin layer Nutrition Soil is 0.5-1cm.
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| 浅析水稻原种生产方法及"整穗育秧法"三圃原种生产技术;于福安等;《作物杂志》;20091231(第6期);第92-94页 * |
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