CN103891496A - Method for planting ginseng fruits - Google Patents
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- CN103891496A CN103891496A CN201410028059.1A CN201410028059A CN103891496A CN 103891496 A CN103891496 A CN 103891496A CN 201410028059 A CN201410028059 A CN 201410028059A CN 103891496 A CN103891496 A CN 103891496A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for planting ginseng fruits. The method comprises the steps of seedling raising by cutting, soil preparation, fertilizer applying, field planting, field management, harvest and the like. By utilizing the method to cultivate ginseng fruit seedlings, cuttage planting percent is higher than 98 percent, nursery-grown plants are robust, seedlings come out quickly, acre yield of ginseng fruits reaches up to 3000 kg-4000kg, and the commodity rate is increased by more than 10 percent. The method for planting ginseng fruits is easy to operate, less in investment, high in yield, good in benefit and capable of ensuring economic benefit of growers and ensuring sound development of the ginseng fruit planting industry.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of implantation methods of Fruit of Panax ginseng, belong to agriculture cultivation technology field.
Background technology
Fruit of Panax ginseng is Solanaceae class herbaceos perennial, and the life-span, plantation in a year, was benefited for many years about 8 years.Its pulp delicate fragrance succulence, unique flavor, contained nutrient component has high protein, low sugar, low-fat characteristic.Be rich in vitamin C, and the various trace elements that contains needed by human body, the cobalt that particularly contains " anticancer king " selenium (every hectogram pulp, containing 15 milligrams, is rare rich selenium fruit), molybdenum and prevention coronary heart disease, has benifit to hypertension and diabetic.Every hectogram fresh fruit is containing Ca910 milligram.Be a kind of ideal high-nutrition health-care food, be described as " life kindling material ".Existing market valency high (40-50 unit/kilogram), economic benefit is considerable.But existing Fruit of Panax ginseng culture technique, because of implantation methods, science is not unreasonable, causes Fruit of Panax ginseng to yield poorly and poor quality, has high input, and output is little, has a strong impact on orchard worker's enthusiasm for production and economic benefit.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to for the deficiencies in the prior art, provide that a kind of output is high, the implantation methods of the Fruit of Panax ginseng of quality better, improve orchard worker's enthusiasm for production and economic benefit.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
An implantation methods for Fruit of Panax ginseng, comprises the following steps:
(1) cuttage and seedling culture
Select 30 centimetres above, sturdy tender, without the branch of damage by disease and insect, then the segment that is cut into 8-10 centimeter length, removes blade, leaves petiole, take root for promoting branch, branch lower end should be cut into inclined-plane, and in the micro-∕ of liter of 50-200 rises methyl α-naphthyl acetate or heteroauxin 1/3 section of fast quickly dipped branch once bottom, then cuttage is in seedling-cultivating tray, native 2-3 centimetre enters to grow seedlings, after cuttage, to first water sufficient water, then spread one deck fine earth, to prevent soil water evaporation; Seedling stage, temperature was controlled at 15-25 ℃, and soil moisture is controlled at 85-95%; In the time that appearring in seedling, eight, nine leaves get final product field planting;
(2) wholely, fertilising, field planting
Selection irrigation and drainage are convenient, and physical features is higher, ventilation and penetrating light, fertile neutral soil plantation that the soil is porous; Mu is executed well-rotted farmyard manure 4000-5000 kilogram, 50-70 kilogram of NPK Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium, slowly-releasing desinsection particle 15-25 kilogram, deep ploughing 20-30 centimetre, then level land, the furrow of having ditched again, furrow width 70-80 centimetre, furrow face width 100-110 centimetre, high 10-15 centimetre, every ridge cultivation two row, seeding row spacing 40-60 centimetre, mu is planted 2000-3000 strain, the field planting time carries out after being preferably in 4 o'clock of afternoon, waters sufficient normal root water after field planting;
(3) field management
1. rich water quality management
Except using sufficient base fertilizer, also should topdress twice: be once in the time that fruit seedling grows into 25-30 centimetre; Another time approaches while blooming at fruit seedling, and Mu Shi NPK composite fertilizer 10-15 kilogram waters outward from 8-12 centimetre, nursery stock main root; The 3-6 month, the 9-11 month are that Fruit of Panax ginseng is grown and yielded positive results and needs the period that water is maximum, should water in time;
2. branch-finishing and pruning
When Fruit of Panax ginseng germination is strong, should prune and prune in time, from more than plant 15-20 centimetre part, the 3-5 branch stalwartness of selecting and remain, be evenly distributed branch as major branch, remaining is all wiped out; On each side shoot, stay 2-3 inflorescence, every inflorescence stays 2-3 fruit, and remaining inflorescence, fruitlet all remove;
3. built
The cane of Fruit of Panax ginseng is not too hard, in addition after bearing fruit, bear a heavy burden large, so necessary built, so that management improves output, can be on furrow face play every 1-2 rice the bamboo stake that a timber or mao bamboon tail are made along Fruit of Panax ginseng planting furrow, timber length 1.2-1.5 rice, then horizontally between timber and timber ties up a bamboo pole, horizontal while tiing up first bamboo pole highly overhead 20-25 centimetre of height be advisable, to facilitate holder fruit for well;
(4) gather
When clear purple colour play appears in fruit appearance, or without striped but fruit appearance epidermis light, can gather when smooth.
The described native preparation method that grows seedlings is as follows: a, take the raw material of following weight portion: a, peat soil 20-30, the native 10-15 of red jade, deer natural pond soil 8-12, ooze 5-10, chicken manure 15-20, plant straw powder 10-15, bagasse 8-12, wood sawdust 5-10, rice chaff ash 4-8, coconut shell flour 3-5, cinder 2-4, vermiculite 18-24, haydites of book structure 14-18, urea 2-3, superphosphate 1.5-2.5; B, getting vermiculite, perlite, to add concentration be in the hydrochloric acid solution of 10-15%, and heating water bath is to 60-70 ℃, and insulation 1-2 hour, takes out and be washed to neutrality, dries, and 840-880 ℃ of calcining 1-2 hour, is cooled to room temperature, stand-by; C, get chicken manure, plant straw powder, wood sawdust, rice chaff ash, coconut shell flour, bagasse, cinder and mix, pile up in heaps, then urea and superphosphate are mixed, convert 80-100 times of water gaging and make solution, be sprinkling upon equably on heap, naturally place after 24-36h, add the 3-5% of compound amount to add 100-150 times of EM probio dilution, stir, windrow water content is controlled at 60-70%, through fermentation in 5-10 days, when reaching 55-60 ℃, temperature stirs once, and accumulative total can complete fermentation 2-3 time; D, the fermentation product of above-mentioned gained is mixed to the soil of must growing seedlings with remaining raw material.
The homemade soil of growing seedlings of the present invention has stronger moisture capacity, water penetration and air capacity of soils, and balanced in nutrition comprehensive, contain the nutritive elements such as abundant nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic matter, meet the required various nutrients of seed sprouting completely, can significantly improve planting percent, reduce seedling stage diseases and pests, save manually, growing-seedling period is short.
The preparation method of described slowly-releasing desinsection particle is as follows: a, take the raw material of following weight portion: medical stone 25-35, sepiolite 15-20, diatomite 10-15, sodium phosphate trimer 4-8, chrysanthemum cinesariaefolium 2-3, phoenix tree leaf 1.5-2.5, citrus seeds 1-2, tuber of stemona 3-4, kuh-seng 2-3, pieris 1-2, Chinese wingnut leaf 2.5-3.5, luffa vine 1-2, azedarach 2-3, wartwort 1-2, ash 8-12, polyvinyl alcohol 5-10, carboxymethyl cellulose 4-6, sodium alginate 3-5; B, get medical stone and sepiolite mixes, 720-760 ℃ of calcining 2-3 hour, being cooled to and putting into concentration after room temperature is that the hydrogen peroxide solution of 15-20% soaks 1-2 hour, taking-up is washed to neutrality, dries 910-940 ℃ of calcining 1-2 hour, be cooled to room temperature, pulverize, cross 100-150 mesh sieve, stand-by; C, get chrysanthemum cinesariaefolium, phoenix tree leaf, citrus seeds, the tuber of stemona, kuh-seng, pieris, Chinese wingnut leaf, luffa vine, azedarach, wartwort and mix, add the water that 5-10 doubly measures, decoct and extract 50-60 minute, filter, filter residue adds the water that 4-8 doubly measures again, decoct and extract 30-40 minute, filter, merge decoction liquor, concentrated, freeze drying powdered, stand-by; D, the powder that step b is made mix with the powder that step c makes, and add diatomite and sodium phosphate trimer, stir 10-15 minute, wet granulation, and particle diameter is 1-2mm, dries, stand-by; E, get polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium alginate and mix, add 2-4 times of water gaging, heating water bath is to 70-80 ℃ and under agitation add ash, stirs the rear particle surface that steps d makes that is evenly sprayed on, and dries, and gets product.
When whole ground of the present invention basal dressing, be added with slowly-releasing desinsection particle, have slowly-releasing insecticidal action, broad spectrum activity is strong, and resistance of rainwater washing against can effectively prevent the generation of soil-borne disease, reduces or avoid the use of chemical pesticide, thereby improves the quality and yield of Fruit of Panax ginseng.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
Implantation methods of the present invention is cultivated Fruit of Panax ginseng seedling, and cuttage planting percent is up to more than 98%, and nursery stock stalwartness, emerges fast, improve the production efficiency of Fruit of Panax ginseng, after seedling growth, grow vigorous, disease resistance is strong, and output is high, and fruits nutrition is abundant, quality better, Fruit of Panax ginseng per mu yield reaches 3000-4000 kilogram, and commodity rate increases more than 10%, simultaneously implantation methods of the present invention is easy and simple to handle, drops into littlely, and output is high, profitable, guarantee the economic benefit at plantation family to have guaranteed again the sound development of Fruit of Panax ginseng plantation industry.
Embodiment
An implantation methods for Fruit of Panax ginseng, comprises the following steps:
(1) cuttage and seedling culture
Select 30 centimetres above, sturdy tender, without the branch of damage by disease and insect, then the segment that is cut into 10 centimeter length, removes blade, leaves petiole, take root for promoting branch, branch lower end should be cut into inclined-plane, and in 100 micro-∕ of liter rise methyl α-naphthyl acetate or heteroauxin 1/3 section of fast quickly dipped branch once bottom, then cuttage is in seedling-cultivating tray, enter to grow seedlings native 2.5 centimetres, after cuttage, to first water sufficient water, then spread one deck fine earth, to prevent soil water evaporation; Seedling stage, temperature was controlled at 22 ℃, and soil moisture is controlled at 90%; In the time that appearring in seedling, eight, nine leaves get final product field planting;
(2) wholely, fertilising, field planting
Selection irrigation and drainage are convenient, and physical features is higher, ventilation and penetrating light, fertile neutral soil plantation that the soil is porous; Mu is executed 4500 kilograms of well-rotted farmyard manures, and 60 kilograms of NPK Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium, 20 kilograms of slowly-releasing desinsection particles, deep plough 25 centimetres, then level land, the furrow of having ditched again, 75 centimetres of furrow widths, 105 centimetres of furrow face widths, high 12 centimetres, every ridge cultivation two row, 50 centimetres of seeding row spacings, mu is planted 3000 strains, the field planting time carries out after being preferably in 4 o'clock of afternoon, waters sufficient normal root water after field planting;
(3) field management
1. rich water quality management
Except using sufficient base fertilizer, also should topdress twice: be once in the time that fruit seedling grows into 25 centimetres; Another time approaches while blooming at fruit seedling, and 15 kilograms of Mu Shi NPK composite fertilizers water outward from 10 centimetres, nursery stock main root; The 3-6 month, the 9-11 month are that Fruit of Panax ginseng is grown and yielded positive results and needs the period that water is maximum, should water in time;
2. branch-finishing and pruning
When Fruit of Panax ginseng germination is strong, should prune and prune in time, from the more than 15 centimetres part of plant, 4 stalwartnesses of selecting and remain, be evenly distributed branch as major branch, remaining is all wiped out; On each side shoot, stay 2 inflorescences, every inflorescence stays 2 fruits, and remaining inflorescence, fruitlet all remove;
3. built
The cane of Fruit of Panax ginseng is not too hard, in addition after bearing fruit, bear a heavy burden large, so necessary built, so that management improves output, can be on furrow face play the bamboo stake that a timber or mao bamboon tail are made along Fruit of Panax ginseng planting furrow every 1 meter, 1.5 meters of timber length, then horizontally between timber and timber tie up a bamboo pole, horizontal while tiing up first bamboo pole highly overhead 24 centimetres of height be advisable, to facilitate holder fruit for well;
(4) gather
When clear purple colour play appears in fruit appearance, or without striped but fruit appearance epidermis light, can gather when smooth.
The above-mentioned native preparation method that grows seedlings is as follows: a, take following weight (kilogram) raw material: a, peat soil 22, red beautiful soil 15, deer natural pond soil 12, ooze 8, chicken manure 18, plant straw powder 10, bagasse 10, wood sawdust 7, rice chaff ash 6, coconut shell flour 4, cinder 4, vermiculite 22, haydites of book structure 16, urea 3, superphosphate 2.5; B, getting vermiculite, perlite, to add concentration be that in 12% hydrochloric acid solution, heating water bath to 70 ℃, is incubated 1 hour, takes out and is washed to neutrality, dries, and 860 ℃ of calcinings 1 hour, are cooled to room temperature, stand-by; C, get chicken manure, plant straw powder, wood sawdust, rice chaff ash, coconut shell flour, bagasse, cinder and mix, pile up in heapsly, then urea and superphosphate are mixed, convert 80 times of water gagings and make solution, be sprinkling upon equably on heap, naturally place after 24h, add 4% of compound amount to add 120 times of EM probio dilutions, stir, windrow water content is controlled at 65%, through fermentation in 9 days, when reaching 60 ℃, temperature stirs once, and accumulative total can complete fermentation 3 times; D, the fermentation product of above-mentioned gained is mixed to the soil of must growing seedlings with remaining raw material.
The preparation method of above-mentioned slowly-releasing desinsection particle is as follows: a, take following weight (kilogram) raw material: medical stone 30, sepiolite 16, diatomite 12, sodium phosphate trimer 6, chrysanthemum cinesariaefolium 2, phoenix tree leaf 2, citrus seeds 1.5, the tuber of stemona 3, kuh-seng 2, pieris 2, Chinese wingnut leaf 3, luffa vine 1.5, azedarach 2, wartwort 1, ash 9, polyvinyl alcohol 7, carboxymethyl cellulose 5, sodium alginate 4; B, get medical stone and sepiolite mixes, 760 ℃ of calcinings 2 hours, being cooled to and putting into concentration after room temperature is that 20% hydrogen peroxide solution soaks 1 hour, takes out and is washed to neutrality, dry, calcine 1 hour, be cooled to room temperature for 940 ℃, pulverize, cross 100 mesh sieves, stand-by; C, get chrysanthemum cinesariaefolium, phoenix tree leaf, citrus seeds, the tuber of stemona, kuh-seng, pieris, Chinese wingnut leaf, luffa vine, azedarach, wartwort and mix, add the water of 10 times of amounts, decoct and extract 60 minutes, filter, filter residue adds the water of 8 times of amounts again, decoct and extract 40 minutes, filter, merge decoction liquor, concentrated, freeze drying powdered, stand-by; D, the powder that step b is made mix with the powder that step c makes, and add diatomite and sodium phosphate trimer, stir 15 minutes, and wet granulation, particle diameter is 2mm, dries, stand-by; E, get polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium alginate and mix, add 4 times of water gagings, heating water bath to 80 ℃ also under agitation adds ash, stirs the rear particle surface that steps d makes that is evenly sprayed on, and dries, and gets product.
Adopt compared with the Fruit of Panax ginseng that Fruit of Panax ginseng that above-mentioned implantation methods plants out plants out with conventional method, have the following advantages:
As seen from the above table, compare with traditional cultivation method, implantation methods Fruit of Panax ginseng per mu yield of the present invention has improved 47.3%, and damage by disease and insect incidence has reduced by 83.8%, and plantation Fruit of Panax ginseng quality better out, safety nuisance free, planting cost is low, and high production is profitable, can greatly improve income and the enthusiasm for production at plantation family, be applicable to large-scale promotion.
Claims (3)
1. an implantation methods for Fruit of Panax ginseng, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
(1) cuttage and seedling culture
Select 30 centimetres above, sturdy tender, without the branch of damage by disease and insect, then the segment that is cut into 8-10 centimeter length, removes blade, leaves petiole, take root for promoting branch, branch lower end should be cut into inclined-plane, and in the micro-∕ of liter of 50-200 rises methyl α-naphthyl acetate or heteroauxin 1/3 section of fast quickly dipped branch once bottom, then cuttage is in seedling-cultivating tray, native 2-3 centimetre enters to grow seedlings, after cuttage, to first water sufficient water, then spread one deck fine earth, to prevent soil water evaporation; Seedling stage, temperature was controlled at 15-25 ℃, and soil moisture is controlled at 85-95%; In the time that appearring in seedling, eight, nine leaves get final product field planting;
(2) wholely, fertilising, field planting
Selection irrigation and drainage are convenient, and physical features is higher, ventilation and penetrating light, fertile neutral soil plantation that the soil is porous; Mu is executed well-rotted farmyard manure 4000-5000 kilogram, 50-70 kilogram of NPK Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium, slowly-releasing desinsection particle 15-25 kilogram, deep ploughing 20-30 centimetre, then level land, the furrow of having ditched again, furrow width 70-80 centimetre, furrow face width 100-110 centimetre, high 10-15 centimetre, every ridge cultivation two row, seeding row spacing 40-60 centimetre, mu is planted 2000-3000 strain, the field planting time carries out after being preferably in 4 o'clock of afternoon, waters sufficient normal root water after field planting;
(3) field management
1. rich water quality management
Except using sufficient base fertilizer, also should topdress twice: be once in the time that fruit seedling grows into 25-30 centimetre; Another time approaches while blooming at fruit seedling, and Mu Shi NPK composite fertilizer 10-15 kilogram waters outward from 8-12 centimetre, nursery stock main root; The 3-6 month, the 9-11 month are that Fruit of Panax ginseng is grown and yielded positive results and needs the period that water is maximum, should water in time;
2. branch-finishing and pruning
When Fruit of Panax ginseng germination is strong, should prune and prune in time, from more than plant 15-20 centimetre part, the 3-5 branch stalwartness of selecting and remain, be evenly distributed branch as major branch, remaining is all wiped out; On each side shoot, stay 2-3 inflorescence, every inflorescence stays 2-3 fruit, and remaining inflorescence, fruitlet all remove;
3. built
The cane of Fruit of Panax ginseng is not too hard, in addition after bearing fruit, bear a heavy burden large, so necessary built, so that management improves output, can be on furrow face play every 1-2 rice the bamboo stake that a timber or mao bamboon tail are made along Fruit of Panax ginseng planting furrow, timber length 1.2-1.5 rice, then horizontally between timber and timber ties up a bamboo pole, horizontal while tiing up first bamboo pole highly overhead 20-25 centimetre of height be advisable, to facilitate holder fruit for well;
(4) gather
When clear purple colour play appears in fruit appearance, or without striped but fruit appearance epidermis light, can gather when smooth.
2. the implantation methods of a kind of Fruit of Panax ginseng according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described in the native preparation method that grows seedlings as follows: a, take the raw material of following weight portion: a, peat soil 20-30, the native 10-15 of red jade, deer natural pond soil 8-12, ooze 5-10, chicken manure 15-20, plant straw powder 10-15, bagasse 8-12, wood sawdust 5-10, rice chaff ash 4-8, coconut shell flour 3-5, cinder 2-4, vermiculite 18-24, haydites of book structure 14-18, urea 2-3, superphosphate 1.5-2.5; B, getting vermiculite, perlite, to add concentration be in the hydrochloric acid solution of 10-15%, and heating water bath is to 60-70 ℃, and insulation 1-2 hour, takes out and be washed to neutrality, dries, and 840-880 ℃ of calcining 1-2 hour, is cooled to room temperature, stand-by; C, get chicken manure, plant straw powder, wood sawdust, rice chaff ash, coconut shell flour, bagasse, cinder and mix, pile up in heaps, then urea and superphosphate are mixed, convert 80-100 times of water gaging and make solution, be sprinkling upon equably on heap, naturally place after 24-36h, add the 3-5% of compound amount to add 100-150 times of EM probio dilution, stir, windrow water content is controlled at 60-70%, through fermentation in 5-10 days, when reaching 55-60 ℃, temperature stirs once, and accumulative total can complete fermentation 2-3 time; D, the fermentation product of above-mentioned gained is mixed to the soil of must growing seedlings with remaining raw material.
3. the implantation methods of a kind of Fruit of Panax ginseng according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the preparation method of described slowly-releasing desinsection particle is as follows: a, take the raw material of following weight portion: medical stone 25-35, sepiolite 15-20, diatomite 10-15, sodium phosphate trimer 4-8, chrysanthemum cinesariaefolium 2-3, phoenix tree leaf 1.5-2.5, citrus seeds 1-2, tuber of stemona 3-4, kuh-seng 2-3, pieris 1-2, Chinese wingnut leaf 2.5-3.5, luffa vine 1-2, azedarach 2-3, wartwort 1-2, ash 8-12, polyvinyl alcohol 5-10, carboxymethyl cellulose 4-6, sodium alginate 3-5; B, get medical stone and sepiolite mixes, 720-760 ℃ of calcining 2-3 hour, being cooled to and putting into concentration after room temperature is that the hydrogen peroxide solution of 15-20% soaks 1-2 hour, taking-up is washed to neutrality, dries 910-940 ℃ of calcining 1-2 hour, be cooled to room temperature, pulverize, cross 100-150 mesh sieve, stand-by; C, get chrysanthemum cinesariaefolium, phoenix tree leaf, citrus seeds, the tuber of stemona, kuh-seng, pieris, Chinese wingnut leaf, luffa vine, azedarach, wartwort and mix, add the water that 5-10 doubly measures, decoct and extract 50-60 minute, filter, filter residue adds the water that 4-8 doubly measures again, decoct and extract 30-40 minute, filter, merge decoction liquor, concentrated, freeze drying powdered, stand-by; D, the powder that step b is made mix with the powder that step c makes, and add diatomite and sodium phosphate trimer, stir 10-15 minute, wet granulation, and particle diameter is 1-2mm, dries, stand-by; E, get polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium alginate and mix, add 2-4 times of water gaging, heating water bath is to 70-80 ℃ and under agitation add ash, stirs the rear particle surface that steps d makes that is evenly sprayed on, and dries, and gets product.
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| CN105724041A (en) * | 2016-05-04 | 2016-07-06 | 余贤祥 | Mixed planting method for potentilla ansrina and maize |
| CN107006241A (en) * | 2017-03-06 | 2017-08-04 | 安徽金培因科技有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of panax ginseng fruit high yield |
| CN107211820A (en) * | 2017-08-01 | 2017-09-29 | 合肥雪立歆农业科技有限公司 | A kind of Cuiguan pear cuttage planting method for improving yield |
| CN108076987A (en) * | 2017-12-22 | 2018-05-29 | 苏州希尔盖森新材料有限公司 | A kind of panax ginseng fruit cultivation and the method for pest management |
| CN108094823A (en) * | 2018-02-07 | 2018-06-01 | 合肥华盖生物科技有限公司 | A kind of safe and efficient liquid-state feed mould inhibitor and preparation method thereof |
| CN113748936A (en) * | 2021-09-13 | 2021-12-07 | 程魁 | Method for cultivating new variety of low-sweetness ginseng fruit |
| CN114051895A (en) * | 2021-11-09 | 2022-02-18 | 潘捷文 | Cultivation method for changing growth shape of ginseng fruit |
| CN115245177A (en) * | 2022-09-23 | 2022-10-28 | 云南省农业科学院园艺作物研究所 | Special regulator for ginseng fruit ear picking plants and using method thereof |
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