CN103798023B - A kind of implantation methods of Cucurbita pepo L. - Google Patents
A kind of implantation methods of Cucurbita pepo L. Download PDFInfo
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- CN103798023B CN103798023B CN201410030156.4A CN201410030156A CN103798023B CN 103798023 B CN103798023 B CN 103798023B CN 201410030156 A CN201410030156 A CN 201410030156A CN 103798023 B CN103798023 B CN 103798023B
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Abstract
The invention discloses the implantation methods of a kind of Cucurbita pepo L.. The method includes seed selection and pretreatment, nursery, field planting, the step such as gather. The implantation methods of Cucurbita pepo L. of the present invention, being possible not only to improve the yield of Cucurbita pepo L., per mu yield improves 30-50% relative to traditional cultivation method, and is favorably improved the quality of Cucurbita pepo L., increase the content of the material such as protein, minerals and vitamins, green non-pollution; And simple to operation, convenient management, production efficiency is high, and cost is low, it is easy to promote.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the implantation methods of a kind of Cucurbita pepo L., belong to technical field of agricultural cultivation.
Background technology
Cucurbita pepo L., calls hay melon, white melon, Fructus Caricae, Cucurbita maxima Cucurbitaceae, the sturdy liana of the annual herbaceous stem of Cucurbita (overgrowing), has short life, partly overgrows, three big strains of overgrowing. Cucurbita pepo L. contains other nutrient substance such as more vitamin C, glucose, and especially the content of calcium is high. Different cultivars every 100g edible part (fresh weight) nutrition content is as follows: protein 0.6-0.9g, fat 0.1-0.2g, cellulose 0.8-0.9g, saccharide 2.5-3.3g, carotene 20-40 microgram, Catergen .5-9 milligram, calcium 22-29 milligram; And there is clearing away heat and promoting diuresis, the curative effect such as relieving restlessness is quenched the thirst, nourishing the lung to arrest cough, dispersing swelling and dissipating binds. Cucurbita pepo L. all has cultivation in China various places. But tradition field pumpkin cultivation technology, because implantation methods not science is unreasonable, cause Cucurbita pepo L. to yield poorly and poor quality, it is impossible to meet the market demand.
Summary of the invention
Present invention aims to the deficiencies in the prior art, it is provided that the implantation methods of a kind of Cucurbita pepo L., improve yield and the quality of Cucurbita pepo L..
For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
The implantation methods of a kind of Cucurbita pepo L., comprises the following steps:
(1) seed selection and pretreatment
Selection plant type is compact, and female flower joint position is low, and tolerance to cold is relatively strong, the early-maturing variety of short climing type;
Seed is shone under the sun 1-2 days breaking dormancies, is then placed in the warm water of 50-55 DEG C and soaks 20-30 minute, pull out to put in 10% trisodium phosphate solution and soak 15-20 minute, then pull out and rinse well with clear water; The warm water being then placed in 35-40 DEG C soaks 3-4 hour, pulls stranding out and falls seed coat mucus, after rinsing well with clear water, wrapped by seed wet gauze, is placed on accelerating germination under 25-30 DEG C of temperature conditions, and the seed rate of showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally reaches more than 70% and can sow;
(2) nursery
1. sow
Completing nursery soil in each macropore of seedlings nursing plate, then make a call to a deep vesicle of 0.8-1.2 centimetre, the seed that 1-2 grain has germinateed is put in every cave, covers thickness 1-2 centimetre of nursery soil, and spreads mulch film;
2. seedling management
Sowing is to emerging, day temperature controls at 28-35 DEG C, nocturnal temperature controls at 15-21 DEG C, after 3-5 days Seedlings are neat, can suitably lowering the temperature, day temperature controls at 25-30 DEG C, nocturnal temperature controls at 14-18 DEG C, opening mulch film when the unearthed rate of seed reaches more than 80%, seedling stage, day temperature controlled at 21-28 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature controls at 16-21 DEG C; Seedling is carried out low temperature seedling exercising the last week by the field planting of nursery later stage, and day temperature controls at 15-20 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature controls at 8-12 DEG C; When seedling length wholeheartedly gets final product field planting to two leaves;
(3) field planting
1. site preparation and fertilization
3-4 should be selected not plant the plot plantation of melon crop, combined arable land before winter, sun the earth which has been ploughed up, mu executes well-rotted farmyard manure 3000-4000 kilogram, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 20-30 kilogram, slow-release pesticidal granule 12-16 kilogram, plough deeply 20-25 centimetre of soil, fertilizer by 2/3rds lets general executing go, and the fertilizer by 1/3rd carries out row replacement or spreads manuer in holes; Then it is made ridge width 50-60 centimetre, furrow width 40-50 centimetre, the high ridge of high 15-20 centimetre, is then covered by mulch film;
2. field planting
Getting final product field planting at the beginning of 2 months, line-spacing is 100-110 centimetre, spacing in the rows 40-50 cm, and mu plants 2000-2500 strain, and choosing " cold tail heat head " fine day carries out the morning, and after field planting, hole pressing is watered and determined root water, then with earthing 2-3 centimetre;
3. manage after field planting
A, temperature treatment
Between the seedling-slowing stage after field planting, day temperature controls at 25-30 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature controls at 18-22 DEG C, temperature is suitably reduced after slow Seedling, and day temperature controls at 20-25 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature controls at 12-16 DEG C; Properly increasing temperature after sitting melon, day temperature controls at 22-26 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature controls at 14-18 DEG C; Entering knot melon and contain after date, temperature gradually rises, and will be gradually increased ventilation, extends ventilation time, and daytime, maximum temperature was no more than 30 DEG C;
B, rich water quality management
Not watering between seedling-slowing stage, if watering deficiency during field planting, little water can be watered once according to soil moisture content, to control to water before sitting to root melon after slow Seedling; When root melon waters a water after sitting, and impose carbamide or 45%NPK compound fertilizer 10-15 kilogram with every mu of water; Enter knot melon Sheng after date to water in time according to weather condition and soil moisture content, within every 7-10 days, water a water, impose carbamide or 45%NPK compound fertilizer 10-15 kilogram every time with every mu of water; Watering and select to carry out the morning at fine day as far as possible, it is noted that ventilation wet down after watering, with good conditionsi trying one's best takes dark filling mode under drip irrigation and film to carry out;
C, flower and fruit protecting
Cucurbita pepo L. Seedling carries out artificial supplementary pollination when connecing first female fruit, and every male flower can award 3-4 female flower, smears female flower anthocaulus with the drop-proof agent of 30-40ppm simultaneously and carries out fruit retention, it is prevented that change melon, promotes Fruit;
D, Plant adjustment
Cucurbita pepo L., based on main climing knot melon, should be extractd early for side shoot; Cucurbita pepo L. blade is big, and petiole is long, easily corresponding shading, sick leaf, Huang Ye, residual leaf and Lao Ye should be extractd early, can promote the infection of ventilation and penetrating light and controlling disease; Later growth, middle and lower part blade aging, plant strain growth gesture is more weak, by middle and lower part blade removal, should select 1-2, top side shoot, replace main climing result after pinching;
(4) gather
Cucurbita pepo L., based on edible tender melon, treats Post flowering 7-10 days, and tender melon length can be gathered to 0.5-1.0 kilogram, gather in time, and particularly the one or two fruit more should be gathered early and can be prevented " pendant seedling ", it is ensured that high yield.
The preparation method of described nursery soil is as follows: a, weigh the raw material of following weight portion: a, peat soil 20-30, red beautiful soil 10-15, deer natural pond soil 8-12, sea mud 5-10, chicken manure 15-20, plant straw powder 10-15, bagasse 8-12, wood sawdust 5-10, rice chaff ash 4-8, coconut shell flour 3-5, cinder 2-4, Vermiculitum 18-24, haydites of book structure 14-18, carbamide 2-3, calcium superphosphate 1.5-2.5; B, take Vermiculitum, perlite add concentration be 10-15% hydrochloric acid solution in, heating in water bath, to 60-70 DEG C, be incubated 1-2 hour, take out be washed to neutrality, dry, 840-880 DEG C calcining 1-2 hour, be cooled to room temperature, stand-by; C, take chicken manure, plant straw powder, wood sawdust, rice chaff ash, coconut shell flour, bagasse, cinder mix homogeneously, pile up in heaps, then by carbamide and calcium superphosphate mix homogeneously, convert 80-100 times amount water and make solution, it is sprinkling upon equably on heap, naturally after placing 24-36h, the 3-5% adding mixing doses adds 100-150 times of EM probiotic bacteria diluent, stir, windrow water content control is at 60-70%, fermenting through 5-10 days, temperature is stirred once when reaching 55-60 DEG C, and accumulative can completing for 2-3 time is fermented; D, the fermented product of above-mentioned gained is mixed homogeneously with remaining raw material, obtain nursery soil.
The present invention homemade nursery soil has stronger water-retaining property, water penetration and aeration, and balanced in nutrition comprehensively, containing nutrients such as abundant nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic matters, fully meet the various nutrients needed for seed sprouting, planting percent can be significantly improved, reducing seedling stage diseases and pests, save artificial, growing-seedling period is short.
The preparation method of described slow-release pesticidal granule is as follows: a, weigh the raw material of following weight portion: Maifanitum 25-35, meerschaum 15-20, kieselguhr 10-15, sodium tripolyphosphate 4-8, Herba et Flos Pyrethri Cinerariifolii 2-3, Folium firmianae 1.5-2.5, citrus seeds 1-2, Radix Stemonae 3-4, Radix Sophorae Flavescentis 2-3, pieris 1-2, Folium pterocaryae stenopterae 2.5-3.5, Ramulus Luffae 1-2, Cortex Meliae 2-3, Herba Euphorbiae Helioscopiae 1-2, plant ash 8-12, polyvinyl alcohol 5-10, carboxymethyl cellulose 4-6, sodium alginate 3-5; B, take Maifanitum and meerschaum mix homogeneously, calcine 2-3 hour for 720-760 DEG C, put into after being cooled to room temperature in the hydrogen peroxide solution that concentration is 15-20% and soak 1-2 hour, taking-up is washed to neutrality, dries, and calcines 1-2 hour for 910-940 DEG C, it is cooled to room temperature, pulverize, cross 100-150 mesh sieve, stand-by; C, take Herba et Flos Pyrethri Cinerariifolii, Folium firmianae, citrus seeds, the Radix Stemonae, Radix Sophorae Flavescentis, pieris, Folium pterocaryae stenopterae, Ramulus Luffae, Cortex Meliae, Herba Euphorbiae Helioscopiae mix homogeneously, add the water of 5-10 times amount, decocting and extract 50-60 minute, filter, filtering residue adds the water of 4-8 times amount again, decoct and extract 30-40 minute, filter, merge decoction liquor, concentration, lyophilization becomes powder, stand-by; D, being mixed homogeneously by the powder that step b powder and the step c prepared prepares, add kieselguhr and sodium tripolyphosphate, stir 10-15 minute, wet granulation, particle diameter is 1-2mm, drying, stand-by; E, taking polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium alginate mix homogeneously, add 2-4 times amount water, heating in water bath is to 70-80 DEG C and under agitation adds plant ash, stirs rear even application in the step d particle surface prepared, dries, get product.
Being added with slow-release pesticidal granule during the present invention whole ground basal dressing, have slow-release pesticidal effect, broad spectrum activity is strong, and resistance of rainwater washing against, it is possible to effectively prevent the generation of soil-borne disease reduces or avoid the use of chemical pesticide, thus improving the quality and yield of Cucurbita pepo L..
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
The implantation methods of Cucurbita pepo L. of the present invention, being possible not only to improve the yield of Cucurbita pepo L., per mu yield improves 30-50% relative to traditional cultivation method, and is favorably improved the quality of Cucurbita pepo L., increase the content of the material such as protein, minerals and vitamins, green non-pollution; And simple to operation, convenient management, production efficiency is high, and cost is low, it is easy to promote.
Detailed description of the invention
The implantation methods of a kind of Cucurbita pepo L., comprises the following steps:
(1) seed selection and pretreatment
Selection plant type is compact, and female flower joint position is low, and tolerance to cold is relatively strong, the early-maturing variety of short climing type;
Seed is shone under the sun 1 day breaking dormancy, is then placed in the warm water of 55 DEG C and soaks 20 minutes, pull out to put in 10% trisodium phosphate solution and soak 15 minutes, then pull out and rinse well with clear water; The warm water being then placed in 40 DEG C soaks 3 hours, pulls stranding out and falls seed coat mucus, after rinsing well with clear water, wrapped by seed wet gauze, is placed on accelerating germination under 28 DEG C of temperature conditions, and the seed rate of showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally reaches more than 70% and can sow;
(2) nursery
1. sow
Completing nursery soil in each macropore of seedlings nursing plate, then make a call to a vesicle 1.0 centimeters deep, 1 seed germinateed is put in every cave, covers thick 1.5 centimetres of nursery soil, and spreads mulch film;
2. seedling management
Sowing is to emerging, day temperature controls at 32 DEG C, nocturnal temperature controls at 18 DEG C, after 4 days Seedlings are neat, can suitably lowering the temperature, day temperature controls at 28 DEG C, nocturnal temperature controls at 15 DEG C, opening mulch film when the unearthed rate of seed reaches more than 80%, seedling stage, day temperature controlled at 24 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature controls at 18 DEG C; Seedling is carried out low temperature seedling exercising the last week by the field planting of nursery later stage, and day temperature controls at 16 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature controls at 10 DEG C; When seedling length wholeheartedly gets final product field planting to two leaves;
(3) field planting
1. site preparation and fertilization
3-4 should be selected not plant the plot plantation of melon crop, combined arable land before winter, sun the earth which has been ploughed up, mu executes well-rotted farmyard manure 3500 kilograms, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 25 kilograms, slow-release pesticidal granule 14 kilograms, plough deeply 22 centimetres of soil, fertilizer by 2/3rds lets general executing go, and the fertilizer by 1/3rd carries out row replacement or spreads manuer in holes; Then ridge it is made wide 55 centimetres, furrow width 40 centimetres, the high ridge of high 18 centimetres, it is then covered by mulch film;
2. field planting
Getting final product field planting at the beginning of 2 months, line-spacing is 100 centimetres, spacing in the rows 50 cm, and mu plants 2500 strains, and choosing " cold tail heat head " fine day carries out the morning, and after field planting, hole pressing is watered and determined root water, then with earthing 2 centimetres;
3. manage after field planting
B, temperature treatment
Between the seedling-slowing stage after field planting, day temperature controls at 28 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature controls at 20 DEG C, temperature is suitably reduced after slow Seedling, and day temperature controls at 23 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature controls at 14 DEG C; Properly increasing temperature after sitting melon, day temperature controls at 25 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature controls at 16 DEG C; Entering knot melon and contain after date, temperature gradually rises, and will be gradually increased ventilation, extends ventilation time, and daytime, maximum temperature was no more than 30 DEG C;
B, rich water quality management
Not watering between seedling-slowing stage, if watering deficiency during field planting, little water can be watered once according to soil moisture content, to control to water before sitting to root melon after slow Seedling; When root melon waters a water after sitting, and impose carbamide or 45%NPK compound fertilizer 12 kilograms with every mu of water; Enter knot melon Sheng after date to water in time according to weather condition and soil moisture content, within every 8 days, water a water, impose carbamide or 45%NPK compound fertilizer 12 kilograms every time with every mu of water;Watering and select to carry out the morning at fine day as far as possible, it is noted that ventilation wet down after watering, with good conditionsi trying one's best takes dark filling mode under drip irrigation and film to carry out;
C, flower and fruit protecting
Cucurbita pepo L. Seedling carries out artificial supplementary pollination when connecing first female fruit, and every male flower can award 3 female flowers, smears female flower anthocaulus with the drop-proof agent of 35ppm simultaneously and carries out fruit retention, it is prevented that change melon, promotes Fruit;
D, Plant adjustment
Cucurbita pepo L., based on main climing knot melon, should be extractd early for side shoot; Cucurbita pepo L. blade is big, and petiole is long, easily corresponding shading, sick leaf, Huang Ye, residual leaf and Lao Ye should be extractd early, can promote the infection of ventilation and penetrating light and controlling disease; Later growth, middle and lower part blade aging, plant strain growth gesture is more weak, by middle and lower part blade removal, should select 2, top side shoot, replace main climing result after pinching;
(4) gather
Cucurbita pepo L., based on edible tender melon, treats Post flowering 10 days, and tender melon length can be gathered to 0.8 kilogram, gather in time, and particularly the one or two fruit more should be gathered early and can be prevented " pendant seedling ", it is ensured that high yield.
The preparation method of above-mentioned nursery soil is as follows: a, weigh the raw material of following weight (kilogram): a, peat soil 25, red beautiful soil 15, deer natural pond soil 8, sea mud 10, chicken manure 18, plant straw powder 10, bagasse 10, wood sawdust 7, rice chaff ash 5, coconut shell flour 4, cinder 3, Vermiculitum 20, haydites of book structure 16, carbamide 3, calcium superphosphate 1.5; B, take Vermiculitum, perlite add concentration be 12% hydrochloric acid solution in, heating in water bath, to 70 DEG C, be incubated 1 hour, take out be washed to neutrality, dry, 860 DEG C calcining 2 hours, be cooled to room temperature, stand-by; C, take chicken manure, plant straw powder, wood sawdust, rice chaff ash, coconut shell flour, bagasse, cinder mix homogeneously, pile up in heaps, then by carbamide and calcium superphosphate mix homogeneously, convert 100 times amount water and make solution, it is sprinkling upon equably on heap, naturally, after placing 36h, add mixing doses 3% adds 150 times of EM probiotic bacteria diluents, stirs, windrow water content control is 70%, fermenting through 10 days, temperature is stirred once when reaching 60 DEG C, and accumulative can completing for 3 times is fermented; D, the fermented product of above-mentioned gained is mixed homogeneously with remaining raw material, obtain nursery soil.
The preparation method of above-mentioned slow-release pesticidal granule is as follows: a, weigh the raw material of following weight portion: Maifanitum 32, meerschaum 18, kieselguhr 12, sodium tripolyphosphate 7, Herba et Flos Pyrethri Cinerariifolii 3, Folium firmianae 2.5, citrus seeds 1, the Radix Stemonae 3, Radix Sophorae Flavescentis 2, pieris 1.5, Folium pterocaryae stenopterae 3, Ramulus Luffae 1.5, Cortex Meliae 2, Herba Euphorbiae Helioscopiae 2, plant ash 10, polyvinyl alcohol 8, carboxymethyl cellulose 5, sodium alginate 5; B, take Maifanitum and meerschaum mix homogeneously, calcine 2 hours for 760 DEG C, put into after being cooled to room temperature in the hydrogen peroxide solution that concentration is 20% and soak 1 hour, take out and be washed to neutrality, dry, calcine 1 hour, be cooled to room temperature for 940 DEG C, pulverize, cross 150 mesh sieves, stand-by; C, take Herba et Flos Pyrethri Cinerariifolii, Folium firmianae, citrus seeds, the Radix Stemonae, Radix Sophorae Flavescentis, pieris, Folium pterocaryae stenopterae, Ramulus Luffae, Cortex Meliae, Herba Euphorbiae Helioscopiae mix homogeneously, add the water of 7 times amount, decocting and extract 50 minutes, filter, filtering residue adds the water of 4 times amount again, decoct and extract 30 minutes, filter, merge decoction liquor, concentration, lyophilization becomes powder, stand-by; D, being mixed homogeneously by the powder that step b powder and the step c prepared prepares, add kieselguhr and sodium tripolyphosphate, stir 15 minutes, wet granulation, particle diameter is 2mm, drying, stand-by;E, taking polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium alginate mix homogeneously, add 3 times amount water, heating in water bath is to 80 DEG C and under agitation adds plant ash, stirs rear even application in the step d particle surface prepared, dries, get product.
Adopt the Cucurbita pepo L. that above-mentioned implantation methods plants out compared with the Cucurbita pepo L. that traditional method plants out, have the advantage that
As seen from the above table, compared with traditional cultivation method, implantation methods Cucurbita pepo L. per mu yield of the present invention improves 38.0%, and the Cucurbita pepo L. quality better that plantation is out, safety nuisance free, planting cost is low, high production, profitable, it is possible to be greatly improved income and the enthusiasm for production at plantation family, be suitable for large-scale promotion.
Claims (1)
1. the implantation methods of a Cucurbita pepo L., it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
(1) seed selection and pretreatment
Selection plant type is compact, and female flower joint position is low, and tolerance to cold is relatively strong, the early-maturing variety of short climing type; Seed is shone under the sun 1-2 days breaking dormancies, is then placed in the warm water of 50-55 DEG C and soaks 20-30 minute, pull out to put in 10% trisodium phosphate solution and soak 15-20 minute, then pull out and rinse well with clear water; The warm water being then placed in 35-40 DEG C soaks 3-4 hour, pulls stranding out and falls seed coat mucus, after rinsing well with clear water, wrapped by seed wet gauze, is placed on accelerating germination under 25-30 DEG C of temperature conditions, sows time the seed rate of showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally reaches more than 70%;
(2) nursery
1. sow
Completing nursery soil in each macropore of seedlings nursing plate, then make a call to a deep vesicle of 0.8-1.2 centimetre, the seed that 1-2 grain has germinateed is put in every cave, covers thickness 1-2 centimetre of nursery soil, and spreads mulch film;
2. seedling management
Sowing is to emerging, day temperature controls at 28-35 DEG C, nocturnal temperature controls at 15-21 DEG C, after 3-5 days Seedlings are neat, suitably lowering the temperature, day temperature controls at 25-30 DEG C, nocturnal temperature controls at 14-18 DEG C, opening mulch film when the unearthed rate of seed reaches more than 80%, seedling stage, day temperature controlled at 21-28 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature controls at 16-21 DEG C; Seedling is carried out low temperature seedling exercising the last week by the field planting of nursery later stage, and day temperature controls at 15-20 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature controls at 8-12 DEG C; When seedling length to two leaves wholeheartedly field planting;
(3) field planting
1. site preparation and fertilization
3-4 is selected not plant the plot plantation of melon crop, combined arable land before winter, sun the earth which has been ploughed up, mu executes well-rotted farmyard manure 3000-4000 kilogram, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 20-30 kilogram, slow-release pesticidal granule 12-16 kilogram, plough deeply 20-25 centimetre of soil, fertilizer by 2/3rds lets general executing go, and the fertilizer by 1/3rd carries out row replacement or spreads manuer in holes; Then it is made ridge width 50-60 centimetre, furrow width 40-50 centimetre, the high ridge of high 15-20 centimetre, is then covered by mulch film;
2. field planting
Field planting at the beginning of 2 months, line-spacing is 100-110 centimetre, spacing in the rows 40-50 centimetre, and mu plants 2000-2500 strain, and choosing " cold tail heat head " fine day carries out the morning, and after field planting, hole pressing is watered and determined root water, then earthing 2-3 centimetre;
3. manage after field planting
A, temperature treatment
Between the seedling-slowing stage after field planting, day temperature controls at 25-30 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature controls at 18-22 DEG C, temperature is suitably reduced after slow Seedling, and day temperature controls at 20-25 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature controls at 12-16 DEG C; Properly increasing temperature after sitting melon, day temperature controls at 22-26 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature controls at 14-18 DEG C; Entering knot melon and contain after date, temperature gradually rises, and will be gradually increased ventilation, extends ventilation time, and daytime, maximum temperature did not exceed 30 DEG C;
B, rich water quality management
Not watering between seedling-slowing stage, if watering deficiency during field planting, watering once little water according to soil moisture content, to control to water before sitting to root melon after slow Seedling; When root melon waters a water after sitting, and impose carbamide or 45%NPK compound fertilizer 10-15 kilogram with every mu of water; Enter knot melon Sheng after date to water in time according to weather condition and soil moisture content, within every 7-10 days, water a water, impose carbamide or 45%NPK compound fertilizer 10-15 kilogram every time with every mu of water; Selection of watering carries out at fine day the morning, it is noted that ventilation wet down after watering, takes dark filling mode under drip irrigation and film to carry out;
C, flower and fruit protecting
Cucurbita pepo L. Seedling carries out artificial supplementary pollination when connecing first fruit, and every male flower awards 3-4 female flower, smears female flower anthocaulus with the drop-proof agent of 30-40ppm simultaneously and carries out fruit retention, it is prevented that change melon, promotes Fruit;
D, Plant adjustment
Cucurbita pepo L., based on main climing knot melon, should be extractd early for side shoot; Cucurbita pepo L. blade is big, and petiole is long, easily corresponding shading, sick leaf, Huang Ye, residual leaf and Lao Ye should be extractd early, promote the infection of ventilation and penetrating light and controlling disease; Later growth, middle and lower part blade aging, plant strain growth gesture is more weak, by middle and lower part blade removal, should select 1-2, top side shoot, replace main climing result after pinching;
(4) gather
Cucurbita pepo L., based on edible tender melon, treats Post flowering 7-10 days, and tender melon length is gathered to 0.5-1.0 kilogram, gather in time, and particularly the one or two fruit more should be gathered early and be prevented " pendant seedling ", it is ensured that high yield;
The preparation method of described nursery soil is as follows:
A, weigh the raw material of following weight portion: peat soil 20-30, red beautiful soil 10-15, deer natural pond soil 8-12, sea mud 5-10, chicken manure 15-20, plant straw powder 10-15, bagasse 8-12, wood sawdust 5-10, rice chaff ash 4-8, coconut shell flour 3-5, cinder 2-4, Vermiculitum 18-24, haydites of book structure 14-18, carbamide 2-3, calcium superphosphate 1.5-2.5;
B, take Vermiculitum, haydites of book structure add concentration be 10-15% hydrochloric acid solution in, heating in water bath, to 60-70 DEG C, be incubated 1-2 hour, take out be washed to neutrality, dry, 840-880 DEG C calcining 1-2 hour, be cooled to room temperature, stand-by;
C, take chicken manure, plant straw powder, wood sawdust, rice chaff ash, coconut shell flour, bagasse, cinder mix homogeneously, pile up in heaps, then by carbamide and calcium superphosphate mix homogeneously, convert 80-100 times amount water and make solution, it is sprinkling upon equably on heap, naturally after placing 24-36h, 100-150 times of EM probiotic bacteria diluent is added by the 3-5% of mixing doses, stir, windrow water content control is at 60-70%, fermenting through 5-10 days, temperature is stirred once when reaching 55-60 DEG C, and accumulative completing for 2-3 time is fermented;
D, the fermented product of above-mentioned gained is mixed homogeneously with remaining raw material, obtain nursery soil;
The preparation method of described slow-release pesticidal granule is as follows:
A, weigh the raw material of following weight portion: Maifanitum 25-35, meerschaum 15-20, kieselguhr 10-15, sodium tripolyphosphate 4-8, Herba et Flos Pyrethri Cinerariifolii 2-3, Folium firmianae 1.5-2.5, citrus seeds 1-2, Radix Stemonae 3-4, Radix Sophorae Flavescentis 2-3, pieris 1-2, Folium pterocaryae stenopterae 2.5-3.5, Ramulus Luffae 1-2, Cortex Meliae 2-3, Herba Euphorbiae Helioscopiae 1-2, plant ash 8-12, polyvinyl alcohol 5-10, carboxymethyl cellulose 4-6, sodium alginate 3-5;
B, take Maifanitum and meerschaum mix homogeneously, calcine 2-3 hour for 720-760 DEG C, put into after being cooled to room temperature in the hydrogen peroxide solution that concentration is 15-20% and soak 1-2 hour, taking-up is washed to neutrality, dries, and calcines 1-2 hour for 910-940 DEG C, it is cooled to room temperature, pulverize, cross 100-150 mesh sieve, stand-by;
C, take Herba et Flos Pyrethri Cinerariifolii, Folium firmianae, citrus seeds, the Radix Stemonae, Radix Sophorae Flavescentis, pieris, Folium pterocaryae stenopterae, Ramulus Luffae, Cortex Meliae, Herba Euphorbiae Helioscopiae mix homogeneously, add the water of 5-10 times amount, decocting and extract 50-60 minute, filter, filtering residue adds the water of 4-8 times amount again, decoct and extract 30-40 minute, filter, merge decoction liquor, concentration, lyophilization becomes powder, stand-by;
D, being mixed homogeneously by the powder that step b powder and the step c prepared prepares, add kieselguhr and sodium tripolyphosphate, stir 10-15 minute, wet granulation, particle diameter is 1-2mm, drying, stand-by;
E, taking polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium alginate mix homogeneously, add 2-4 times amount water, heating in water bath is to 70-80 DEG C and under agitation adds plant ash, stirs rear even application in the step d particle surface prepared, dries, get product.
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| CN108450252A (en) * | 2018-01-23 | 2018-08-28 | 合肥浦邦农业科技有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of cucurbita pepo |
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