CN103975711B - A kind of booth autumn cultivating watermelon method - Google Patents
A kind of booth autumn cultivating watermelon method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103975711B CN103975711B CN201410126969.3A CN201410126969A CN103975711B CN 103975711 B CN103975711 B CN 103975711B CN 201410126969 A CN201410126969 A CN 201410126969A CN 103975711 B CN103975711 B CN 103975711B
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- 241000219109 Citrullus Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 235000012828 Citrullus lanatus var citroides Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 244000270200 Citrullus vulgaris Species 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 235000012840 Citrullus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 46
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 241000219112 Cucumis Species 0.000 claims description 16
- 235000015510 Cucumis melo subsp melo Nutrition 0.000 claims description 16
- FJJCIZWZNKZHII-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4,6-bis(cyanoamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]cyanamide Chemical compound N#CNC1=NC(NC#N)=NC(NC#N)=N1 FJJCIZWZNKZHII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000013877 carbamide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 244000025221 Humulus lupulus Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000008694 Humulus lupulus Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003516 soil conditioner Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009333 weeding Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000018660 ammonium molybdate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011609 ammonium molybdate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P ammonium molybdate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940010552 ammonium molybdate Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012549 training Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019691 monocalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbendazim Natural products C1=CC=C2NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- 206010053615 Thermal burn Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- YKPQYKBIAFGWBT-KAMYIIQDSA-N [(Z)-18-hydroxyoctadec-9-en-7-yl] acetate Chemical compound CCCCCCC(C\C=C/CCCCCCCCO)OC(C)=O YKPQYKBIAFGWBT-KAMYIIQDSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002374 bone meal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940036811 bone meal Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006013 carbendazim Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbendazim Chemical compound C1=C[CH]C2=NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003967 crop rotation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000003891 ferrous sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011790 ferrous sulphate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000359 iron(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002372 labelling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940099596 manganese sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000007079 manganese sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011702 manganese sulphate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- KNLQKHUBPCXPQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese;sulfuric acid Chemical compound [Mn].OS(O)(=O)=O KNLQKHUBPCXPQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002362 mulch Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002085 persistent effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002574 poison Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000010152 pollination Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000013138 pruning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009738 saturating Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- -1 sucrose ester Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003971 tillage Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000052 vinegar Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000021419 vinegar Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012907 honey Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- PMYDPQQPEAYXKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxy-n-naphthalen-2-ylnaphthalene-2-carboxamide Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC(NC(=O)C3=CC4=CC=CC=C4C=C3O)=CC=C21 PMYDPQQPEAYXKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 235000018716 sodium selenate Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011655 sodium selenate Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229960001881 sodium selenate Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- BVTBRVFYZUCAKH-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium selenite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Se]([O-])=O BVTBRVFYZUCAKH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 2
- MPNNOLHYOHFJKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N peroxyphosphoric acid Chemical compound OOP(O)(O)=O MPNNOLHYOHFJKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000015921 sodium selenite Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011781 sodium selenite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960001471 sodium selenite Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 2
- WQSRXNAKUYIVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid;zinc Chemical compound [Zn].OS(O)(=O)=O WQSRXNAKUYIVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C2C=CC1C(C(=O)O)C2(C(O)=O)[N+]([O-])=O QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004021 humic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of autumn cultivating watermelon method, including herein below: operations such as fine variety production, nurturing staff, field planting, cultivation management, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control；The present invention makes a kind of efficiently anti-season characteristic autumn cultivating watermelon technology that the supply phase of normal open country autumn Citrullus vulgaris lists after being deferred to December by original mid or late October successively, this technology implementation is simple, workable, wide adaptability, meet the market in the dull season demand to autumn Citrullus vulgaris.In this technology production process, pest and disease damage is few, and the autumn quality of watermelon of gained is high.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to proportion of crop planting field, be specifically related to a kind of autumn cultivating watermelon method.
Background technology
Citrullus vulgaris can be rated as " king in melon ", taste sugariness succulence, clearly quenches one's thirst, and is good fruit in midsummer, is a kind of being rich in nutrition, pure
Only, the food of edible safety.Common growth of watermelon is all in spring, spring Citrullus vulgaris typically 7, August concentrates during high temperature
City, and measure big, it is difficult to store for a long time.Development autumn Citrullus vulgaris then can extend the supply phase of Citrullus vulgaris.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of booth autumn cultivating watermelon method.
The present invention adopts the following technical scheme that
A kind of booth autumn cultivating watermelon method, it is characterised in that include herein below:
(1), breeding autumn cultivating watermelon is selected need to select early-maturing variety, such as disease-resistant Soviet Union honey, Feng Le mono-, poly-precious No. one, Zheng
Miscellaneous No. five, Jinzhongguanlong, Citrullus vulgaris 8242 etc.；
(2), nurturing staff
A, the preparation of Nutrition Soil
Typically in broadcasting front 1-2 month, by the field soil of planting vegetable crop non-in the nearly 3-5 of 60-70%, 30-40% through harmless
The proportions Nutrition Soil of the fertilizer that change processes, adds 2-3kg calcium superphosphate, 4-5g sulphuric acid zinc powder in every lm3 Nutrition Soil,
1-2g ammonium molybdate, 1-2g zinc chloride, and fully mix thoroughly and sieve；
B, sowing seedbed prepare
Make wide 1.2-1.3m, the high furrow of high 10-15cm with above-mentioned Nutrition Soil, carefully harrow leveling, before sowing, water vola water；
C, sowing
Sowing time at the sowing of mid or late July-early August, every 667 cultivation field sowing quantity 20-30g,
First by seed dry in the sun 2-3h under the low light level before broadcasting, then scald with the hot water of about 50-60 DEG C and plant and be stirred continuously 10-
15min, then soak seed 1-2h with the mature vinegar of 5-10%, pulls out, clear water is cleaned, and is placed in 28 DEG C of accelerating germination；
Medicine soil first thick for place mat 1cm below seedbed before sowing, then fill out Nutrition Soil, first spray saturating Seeding bed, all with water
Even scatter seeds, then 1cm thickness medicine soil in upper cover, the preparation of its Chinese medicine soil is by every square meter seedbed 8g50% carbendazim, 3g3%
Ground worm kills star, 2g sulphuric acid manganese powder and appropriate fine earth and mixes, at lid sunshade net or Caulis et Folium Oryzae；
D, seedling management
During 80% seed sprouting, throw off bed surface covering；Lower the temperature with suitable with by sunshade net, during nursery, to water sufficient water, after
Suitably water depending on nursery season and soil moisture content, open to 2 leaf 1 hearts constantly at rice shoot, a day field planting can be selected；
(3), field planting
Cultivation field arranges
Cultivation field should be deep ploughed in advance；Every mu of the decomposed manure 1500-2000kg used through harmless treatment, peroxophosphoric acid
Calcium 50kg, soil conditioner 10-12kg, implement rotary tillage after sprinkling evenly, the thinner leveling of rake, bedding of ditching, make wide 1.8-2.0 rice,
The cultivating bed of high 15-20cm, and it is empty to reserve operation ditch and suitable booth limit between the furrow of wide 30-50cm, 8-10 days scaffoldings before field planting
The vexed canopy of buckle film；
Survival after transplant in good time
Selection has this varietal characteristic, tool 5-7 sheet true leaf, and leaf color is dark green, the sturdy internode of cane is short, strengthening without pest and disease damage
Seedling, choosing cloudy day about 10 days August or fine day at dusk open cave field planting by seeding row spacing by 43 × 80cm seeding row spacing, and irrigate in time and determine root
Water, after work in 3-5 days, the more flat cave of harmony root of earthing up, in the ranks lay micro-irrigation flexible pipe, covering film in furrow face and put Seedling；
(4), manage after field planting
According to weather conditions and plant growing way appearance, by the opening and closing of booth, carry out thermophilic management and Illumination adjusting, and
The field planting of plant lives, the first key point such as fruit phase, swollen fruit mid-term, implements to topdress in conjunction with micro drip-irrigation, implements three climing trainings, climing length 30
Enforcement is hung climing, main climing 12 joints stays melon, implements artificial supplementary pollination, and leave labelling, and when children's melon egg is big, enforcement net hangs；
Training reason is climing
Citrullus vulgaris stretch climing after should prune in time, take three climing pruning methods, as main climing long 60cm, select and remain at 3～5 joints
Article 2, healthy and strong lateral bine, extracts remaining lateral bine；Melon removes sick leaf, Lao Ye, sick branch, weak branch after occupying stably；Furrow are guided into relatively by climing when drawing climing
Low one side, must not arbitrarily stir when drawing climing, does not turn round climing；When keeping down the vines of a creeping plant, branch is converted into inverted U and inserts (pressure is lived climing) in soil, select
Carried out in the afternoon of fine day；
Rich water quality management
The work such as weeding, ridging in carrying out when the climing length of Citrullus vulgaris 40～50cm, after transplanting, 7d executes slow seed manure, with nitrogenous fertilizer is
Main, add water to water with carbamide 5kg/ mu and execute；Melon egg executes carbamide 10kg/ mu or become thoroughly decomposed night soil 600kg/ mu, potassium sulfate time big
10kg/ mu, executes after 7d 1 time again, executes carbamide and potassium sulfate each 10kg/ mu, watermelon growing rapid hourly water demand ratio after gathering every time
More, particularly expanding stage is the most urgent to the demand of moisture, but greenhouse watermelon is poured water unsuitable too much, should be according to the fresh and tender journey of leaf color
Degree rationally pouring, Citrullus vulgaris is plucked front 7～10d and should be stopped watering；
(5), the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
Use crop rotation, shine the agricultural measures such as ridge, disease-resistant variety, applying organic manure；Use the vexed canopy of high temperature, black film weeding, color
The physical measure such as plate and light trap；Use the biological control measures such as gyplure trapping and biological pesticide, in conjunction with necessary chemical prevention,
Carry out comprehensive innoxious insect pest preventing and controlling, the high poison persistent pesticide of disabling；
(6) gather: in early and middle ten days in October, typically after female flower is open, within 28-32 days, carry out gathering of first melon；The most every
Gathered a collection of every about 30 days, rural area, harmless treatment straw stalk and discarded mulch film after gathering, should be cleaned in time.
Described booth autumn cultivating watermelon method, it is characterised in that: the soil conditioner described in step (3) is by following heavy
The component raw material of amount part is prepared from: vermiculite power 20-30, clay 10-12, citric acid 8-10, bean cake 20-25, distiller grains 3-5, ripe
Calx 2-3, potassium humate 8-10, boric acid 5-6, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2-3, ferrous sulfate 0.1-0.2, sodium selenite 0.01-0.03,
Manganese sulfate 0.02-0.03, magnesium sulfate 0.4-0.5, ammonium molybdate 0.01-0.02, bone meal 8-11, Oleum menthae 1-2, glycerol 1-2, sucrose
Ester 0.1-0.3, water are appropriate, vermiculite power, clay, citric acid are added suitable quantity of water mixing, stirs into mud, send into 200-300 DEG C of stove
Middle roasting 3-4 hour, then, cooling crush becomes 2-4mm coarse grain, will divide with the rest materials mix and blend 40-50 in formula again
Zhong Hou, pelletize, spray Oleum menthae, drying.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
The autumn cultivating watermelon method that the present invention provides, is a kind of to make the supply phase of normal open country autumn Citrullus vulgaris by original 10
Being deferred to a kind of efficiently anti-season characteristic autumn cultivating watermelon technology after December the middle ten days and the last ten days moon, this technology implementation is simple, can grasp
The property made is strong, and wide adaptability meets the market in the dull season demand to Citrullus vulgaris.This technology all noted in seed selection, nursery, cultivation each stage
Integrated application to the green prevention and control measure of disease pest and weed, when applying base manure, with the addition of soil conditioner, not only improves soil
Matter, reduces the breeding of pest and disease damage simultaneously, avoids and decrease the use of chemical pesticide to greatest extent, and Product quality and safety is also
Have and ensure the most reliably.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment 1: a kind of booth autumn cultivating watermelon method, including herein below:
(1), breeding Citrullus vulgaris 8242 is selected；
(2), nurturing staff
A, the preparation of Nutrition Soil
Typically in broadcasting front 1-2 month, by the field soil of planting vegetable crop non-in the nearly 3-5 of 60-70%, 30-40% through harmless
The proportions Nutrition Soil of the fertilizer that change processes, every lm3Nutrition Soil adds 2-3kg calcium superphosphate, 4-5g sulphuric acid zinc powder,
1-2g ammonium molybdate, 1-2g zinc chloride, and fully mix thoroughly and sieve；
B, sowing seedbed prepare
Make wide 1.2-1.3m, the high furrow of high 10-15cm with above-mentioned Nutrition Soil, carefully harrow leveling, before sowing, water vola water；
C, sowing
Sowing time at the sowing of mid or late July-early August, every 667 cultivation field sowing quantity 20-30g,
First by seed dry in the sun 2-3h under the low light level before broadcasting, then scald with the hot water of about 50-60 DEG C and plant and be stirred continuously 10-
15min, then soak seed 1-2h with the mature vinegar of 5-10%, pulls out, clear water is cleaned, and is placed in 28 DEG C of accelerating germination；
Medicine soil first thick for place mat 1cm below seedbed before sowing, then fill out Nutrition Soil, first spray saturating Seeding bed, all with water
Even scatter seeds, then 1cm thickness medicine soil in upper cover, the preparation of its Chinese medicine soil is by every square meter seedbed 8g50% carbendazim, 3g3%
Ground worm kills star, 2g sulphuric acid manganese powder and appropriate fine earth and mixes, at lid sunshade net or Caulis et Folium Oryzae；
D, seedling management
During 80% seed sprouting, throw off bed surface covering；Lower the temperature with suitable with by sunshade net, during nursery, to water sufficient water, after
Suitably water depending on nursery season and soil moisture content, open to 2 leaf 1 hearts constantly at rice shoot, a day field planting can be selected；
(3), field planting
Cultivation field arranges
Cultivation field should be deep ploughed in advance；Every mu of the decomposed manure 1500-2000kg used through harmless treatment, peroxophosphoric acid
Calcium 50kg, soil conditioner 10-12kg, implement rotary tillage after sprinkling evenly, the thinner leveling of rake, bedding of ditching, make wide 1.8-2.0 rice,
The cultivating bed of high 15-20cm, and it is empty to reserve operation ditch and suitable booth limit between the furrow of wide 30-50cm, 8-10 days scaffoldings before field planting
The vexed canopy of buckle film；
Survival after transplant in good time
Selection has this varietal characteristic, tool 5-7 sheet true leaf, and leaf color is dark green, the sturdy internode of cane is short, strengthening without pest and disease damage
Seedling, choosing cloudy day about 10 days August or fine day at dusk open cave field planting by seeding row spacing by 43 × 80cm seeding row spacing, and irrigate in time and determine root
Water, after work in 3-5 days, the more flat cave of harmony root of earthing up, in the ranks lay micro-irrigation flexible pipe, covering film in furrow face and put Seedling；
(4), manage after field planting
According to weather conditions and plant growing way appearance, by the opening and closing of booth, carry out thermophilic management and Illumination adjusting, and
The field planting of plant lives, the first key point such as fruit phase, swollen fruit mid-term, implements to topdress in conjunction with micro drip-irrigation, implements three climing trainings, climing length 30
Enforcement is hung climing, main climing 12 joints stays melon, implements artificial supplementary pollination, and leave labelling, and when children's melon egg is big, enforcement net hangs；
Training reason is climing
Citrullus vulgaris stretch climing after should prune in time, take three climing pruning methods, as main climing long 60cm, select and remain at 3～5 joints
Article 2, healthy and strong lateral bine, extracts remaining lateral bine；Melon removes sick leaf, Lao Ye, sick branch, weak branch after occupying stably；Furrow are guided into relatively by climing when drawing climing
Low one side, must not arbitrarily stir when drawing climing, does not turn round climing；When keeping down the vines of a creeping plant, branch is converted into inverted U and inserts (pressure is lived climing) in soil, select
Carried out in the afternoon of fine day；
Rich water quality management
The work such as weeding, ridging in carrying out when the climing length of Citrullus vulgaris 40～50cm, after transplanting, 7d executes slow seed manure, with nitrogenous fertilizer is
Main, add water to water with carbamide 5kg/ mu and execute；Melon egg executes carbamide 10kg/ mu or become thoroughly decomposed night soil 600kg/ mu, potassium sulfate time big
10kg/ mu, executes after 7d 1 time again, executes carbamide and potassium sulfate each 10kg/ mu, watermelon growing rapid hourly water demand ratio after gathering every time
More, particularly expanding stage is the most urgent to the demand of moisture, but greenhouse watermelon is poured water unsuitable too much, should be according to the fresh and tender journey of leaf color
Degree rationally pouring, Citrullus vulgaris is plucked front 7～10d and should be stopped watering；
(5), the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
Use crop rotation, shine the agricultural measures such as ridge, disease-resistant variety, applying organic manure；Use the vexed canopy of high temperature, black film weeding, color
The physical measure such as plate and light trap；Use the biological control measures such as gyplure trapping and biological pesticide, in conjunction with necessary chemical prevention,
Carry out comprehensive innoxious insect pest preventing and controlling, the high poison persistent pesticide of disabling；
(6) gather: in early and middle ten days in October, typically after female flower is open, within 28-32 days, carry out gathering of first melon；The most every
Gathered a collection of every about 30 days, rural area, harmless treatment straw stalk and discarded mulch film after gathering, should be cleaned in time.
Described booth autumn cultivating watermelon method, it is characterised in that: the soil conditioner described in step (3) is by following heavy
The component raw material of amount (kg) is prepared from: vermiculite power 25, clay 11, citric acid 9, bean cake 22, distiller grains 4, Calx 2.5, humic
Acid potassium 9, boric acid 5.5, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2.5, ferrous sulfate 0.15, sodium selenite 0.02, manganese sulfate 0.02, magnesium sulfate 0.4, molybdenum
Acid ammonium 0.01, bone meal 9, Oleum menthae 2, glycerol 1, sucrose ester 0.2, water are appropriate, and vermiculite power, clay, citric acid are added suitable quantity of water
Mixing, stirs into mud, sends into 200-300 DEG C of kiln roasting 3-4 hour, and then, cooling crush becomes 2-4mm coarse grain, general again with join
Rest materials mix and blend in side is after 40-50 minute, pelletize, sprays Oleum menthae, drying.
Utilize the autumn watermelon products that above-mentioned complex art is produced compared with the autumn watermelon products that usual manner is produced, have
There is a following advantage:
Claims (2)
1. a booth autumn cultivating watermelon method, it is characterised in that include herein below:
(1), breeding autumn cultivating watermelon is selected need to select early-maturing variety, disease-resistant Soviet Union honey, Feng Le mono-, poly-precious No. one, Zheng miscellaneous five
Number, Jinzhongguanlong, Citrullus vulgaris 8242；
(2), nurturing staff
A, being formulated in of Nutrition Soil are broadcast front 1-2 month, by the field soil of planting vegetable crop non-in the nearly 3-5 of 60-70%, 30-40%
Through the proportions Nutrition Soil of the fertilizer of harmless treatment, every lm3Nutrition Soil adds 2-3kg calcium superphosphate, 4-5g sulfur
Acid zinc powder, 1-2g ammonium molybdate, 1-2g zinc chloride, and fully mix thoroughly and sieve；
B, sowing seedbed prepare to make wide 1.2-1.3m, the high furrow of high 10-15cm with above-mentioned Nutrition Soil, carefully harrow leveling, before sowing
Water vola water；
C, sowing first will be planted before broadcasting at mid-July-early August sowing, every 667 cultivation field sowing quantity 20-30g sowing time
Son dry in the sun 2-3h under the low light level, then scalds with the hot water of 50-60 DEG C and plants and constantly stir 10-15min, then soak with the mature vinegar of 5-10%
Kind of 1-2h, pulls out, clear water is cleaned, and is placed in 28 DEG C of accelerating germination；Medicine soil first thick for place mat 1cm below seedbed before sowing, then fill out battalion
Supporting soil, first spray saturating Seeding bed, uniform broadcasting seed, then 1cm thickness medicine soil in upper cover with water, the preparation of its Chinese medicine soil is by every
Worm kills star, 2g sulphuric acid manganese powder and appropriate fine earth and mixes on square meter seedbed 8g50% carbendazim, 3g3% ground, then lid sunshade net or
Caulis et Folium Oryzae；
When d, seedling management 80% seed sprouting, throw off bed surface covering；With sunshade net with suitably cooling, foot to be watered during nursery
Water, suitably watered with backsight nursery season and soil moisture content, when rice shoot grows to 2 leaf 1 heart, selected a day field planting；
(3), field planting cultivation field arranges cultivation field and should deep plough in advance；Use the decomposed manure through harmless treatment for every mu
1500-2000kg, calcium superphosphate 50kg, soil conditioner 10-12kg, implement rotary tillage, the thinner leveling of rake after sprinkling evenly, trench digging is made
Furrow, make wide 1.8-2.0 rice, the cultivating bed of high 15-20cm, and reserve and operate ditch and suitably between the furrow of wide 30-50cm
Booth limit is empty, the 8-10 days scaffolding vexed canopies of buckle film before field planting；In good time to select to have this varietal characteristic, tool 5-7 sheet true for survival after transplant
Leaf, leaf color is dark green, the sturdy internode of cane is short, strong sprout without pest and disease damage, choosing cloudy day about 10 days August or fine day at dusk by 43 ×
80cm seeding row spacing opens cave field planting, and irrigates in time and determine root water, after work in 3-5 days, the more flat cave of harmony root of earthing up, in the ranks spread in furrow face
If micro-irrigation flexible pipe, covering film also put Seedling；
(4), manage according to weather conditions and plant growing way appearance after field planting, by the opening and closing of booth, carry out thermophilic management and light
According to regulation, and in alive of the field planting of plant, just fruit phase, swollen fruit key point in mid-term, implement to topdress in conjunction with micro drip-irrigation, implement three climing whole
Branch, the enforcement of climing length 30 is hung climing, main climing 12 joints stays melon, implements artificial supplementary pollination, and leave labelling, when children's melon egg is big in fact
Execute net to hang；Training manage climing Citrullus vulgaris stretch climing after should prune in time, take three climing pruning methods, as main climing long 60cm, 3
～5 select and remain at joint 2 healthy and strong lateral bines, extract remaining lateral bine；Melon removes sick leaf, Lao Ye, sick branch, weak branch after occupying stably；When drawing climing
Guide the relatively low one side of furrow into by climing, must not arbitrarily stir when drawing climing, not turn round climing；When keeping down the vines of a creeping plant, branch is converted into inverted U and inserts in soil, choosing
Select and carry out in the afternoon of fine day；Rich water quality management carry out when the climing length of Citrullus vulgaris 40～50cm in weeding, ridging, 7d after transplanting
Execute slow seed manure, based on nitrogenous fertilizer, add water to water with carbamide 5kg/ mu and execute；Melon egg executes carbamide 10kg/ mu or the night soil that becomes thoroughly decomposed time big
600kg/ mu, potassium sulfate 10kg/ mu, execute after 7d 1 time again, executes carbamide and potassium sulfate each 10kg/ mu after gathering every time, and Citrullus vulgaris is raw
Long rapid hourly water demand is the most, and expanding stage is the most urgent to the demand of moisture, but greenhouse watermelon is poured water unsuitable too much, should basis
The fresh and tender degree of leaf color is rationally watered, and Citrullus vulgaris is plucked front 7～10d and should be stopped watering；
(5), the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
Use agricultural measures crop rotation, shine ridge, disease-resistant variety, applying organic manure；Use the vexed canopy of physical measure high temperature, black film weeding,
Colour table and light trap；Use the trapping of biological control measure gyplure and biological pesticide, in conjunction with necessary chemical prevention, carry out comprehensive nothing
Evilization insect pest preventing and controlling, disabling high poison persistent pesticide；
(6) gather: in early and middle ten days in October, after female flower is open, within 28-32 days, carry out gathering of first melon；Later every 30 days
Left and right is gathered a collection of, should clean rural area, harmless treatment straw stalk and discarded mulch film after gathering in time.
2. according to the booth autumn cultivating watermelon method described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the soil described in step (3)
Conditioner is prepared from by the component raw material of following weight portion: vermiculite power 20-30, clay 10-12, citric acid 8-10, bean cake
20-25, distiller grains 3-5, Calx 2-3, potassium humate 8-10, boric acid 5-6, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2-3, ferrous sulfate 0.1-0.2, Asia
Sodium selenate 0.01-0.03, manganese sulfate 0.02-0.03, magnesium sulfate 0.4-0.5, ammonium molybdate 0.01-0.02, bone meal 8-11, Oleum menthae
1-2, glycerol 1-2, sucrose ester 0.1-0.3, water are appropriate, vermiculite power, clay, citric acid are added suitable quantity of water mixing, stirs into
Mud, sends into 200-300 DEG C of kiln roasting 3-4 hour, and then, cooling crush becomes 2-4 mm coarse grain, then with its excess in formula
Material mix and blend after 40-50 minute, pelletize, spray Oleum menthae, drying.
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