CN103609278A - Solar greenhouse watermelon cultivating method - Google Patents
Solar greenhouse watermelon cultivating method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103609278A CN103609278A CN201310515071.0A CN201310515071A CN103609278A CN 103609278 A CN103609278 A CN 103609278A CN 201310515071 A CN201310515071 A CN 201310515071A CN 103609278 A CN103609278 A CN 103609278A
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Abstract
The invention provides a solar greenhouse watermelon cultivating method. The solar greenhouse watermelon cultivating method comprises the following steps of (1) selecting a watermelon variety, wherein the watermelon variety suitable for solar greenhouse cultivation is selected; (2) selecting a rootstock variety, wherein the rootstock variety strong in grafting compatibility with the watermelon variety is selected; (3) carrying out land preparation, ridging, drip irrigation hose laying and film mulching; (4) preparing seedling cultivation media, and selecting seedling cultivation containers; (5) carrying out pretreatment on watermelon seeds and rootstock seeds, the seeds are sowed in the containers containing the seedling cultivation media after the seed germination and then are put in the solar greenhouse to be cultivated; (6) carrying out grafting when the watermelon rootstocks grow to be with one leaf and one core and when the leaves of watermelon seedlings are flattened; (7) carrying out field planting when the ground temperature under 10cm is stabilized at higher than 15 DEG C; (8) carrying out field management and harvesting. Through the application of the solar greenhouse watermelon cultivating method, the purposes of producing and supplying water melons in out-of-seasons and prolonging the production industry chain of watermelons can be achieved, the economic benefit is improved and ensured, and the yield and the quality of the watermelons are improved and ensured.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural cultivation technical field, be specifically related to a kind of greenhouse by solar heat cultivating watermelon method.
Background technology
The traditional planting technology of growth of watermelon is to plant in land, the watermelon of land plantation is subject to the restriction of physioclimate, and with seed directly sowing in arable land, implantation time is late, maturing stage is more late, mostly be seed kind, stayed on land in process of production the climing melon that stays of melon, for Corpping in North Xinjiang, the watermelon of land plantation also will could go on the market the earliest at the beginning of by the end of June or 7 months, listing is late, and selling price is low, and planting benefit is lower.In greenhouse by solar heat, plantation variety of watermelon is without seed, can not be subject to the restriction of physioclimate, seeding and seedling raising plantation in advance, and ripen in advance, listing ahead of time, selling price is high, and traditional growth of watermelon method ratio, has greatly increased the planting benefit of watermelon.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of greenhouse by solar heat cultivating watermelon method.The object of the invention is to change the unfavorable factor that is subject to physioclimate restriction in traditional cultivating watermelon method, change traditional climing melon mode of staying of melon of staying, make sunlight indoor water-saving irrigation method there is normative and reasonable, be beneficial to the output and the quality that improve and guarantee watermelon, reach anti-season and produce watermelon, anti-season supply watermelon, extends the object of watermelon production industrial chain, improves simultaneously and guarantees economic benefit.
The invention provides a kind of greenhouse by solar heat cultivating watermelon method, comprise the following steps:
(1) selection of variety of watermelon: the variety of watermelon of selecting to be applicable to greenhouse by solar heat plantation;
(2) selection of stock variety: select and the strong stock variety of above-mentioned variety of watermelon grafting affinity;
(3) wholely, ridging, paving irrigate band, plastic film mulch;
(4) preparation of seedling medium and the selection of container for plant growth;
(5) watermelon seed and stock seed are carried out to pretreatment, after seed sprouting, be seeded in the container that fills seedling medium, put into greenhouse by solar heat and cultivate;
(6) when watermelon-stock grows to a leaf wholeheartedly, during watermelon young plant Ye Zhanping, carry out grafting;
(7) field planting when 10 centimetres of ground temperature are stabilized in more than 15 ℃;
(8) carry out field management, results.
Preferably, variety of watermelon described in step (1) is No. 1, No. 3 Huo Tian garden gifts of beautiful, sub-ancient cooking vessel morning.
Preferably, described in step (2), stock variety is stock antibiosis king.
Preferably, ridging described in step (3) is for to play into field planting ridges high 20 centimetres, wide 60 centimetres by the line-spacing of 1.2-1.4 rice; Described paving irrigate band is in the centre position, field planting ridge of having risen, to lay side-seam type or the internally-inlaid dropper band of the amount of dripping greatly.
Preferably, described in step (4), the preparation method of seedling medium is: by the fertilizer of not planting the cultivation of fields soil of melon and becoming thoroughly decomposed in mass ratio for the ratio of 6:4 mixes, every cubic metre of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium that adds 0.7-1 kilogram, sieving to mix is made into Nutrition Soil, the carbendazol wettable powder with 50% and Nutrition Soil mix thoroughly sterilization seedling medium.
50% carbendazol wettable powder plays the object of sterilization, and its consumption is with the conventional consumption in this area, and preferably the volume ratio of 50% carbendazol wettable powder and Nutrition Soil is 1:500.
The fertilizer becoming thoroughly decomposed can be selected the Animal manures such as the cow dung become thoroughly decomposed or sheep excrement.
Preferably, described in step (4), container for plant growth is 8*8*6cm
3pot for growing seedlings or the seedling culture hole plate in 32 caves.
Preferably, during sowing, day temperature 20-25 ℃ in greenhouse by solar heat, nocturnal temperature 15-16 ℃, humidity is more than 90%.
Under said temperature humidity, watermelon and stock percentage of seedgermination are high.
Preferably, described in step (6), grafting is the method for plant propagation with cutting, the described method of plant propagation with cutting is for growing to a leaf wholeheartedly when watermelon-stock, during watermelon young plant Ye Zhanping, first to rootstock seedling, water once permeable, use method of plant propagation with cutting grafting, select scion under cotyledon under 0.8-1cm place cutter cut sth. askew 2 sections, long incision 0.6cm, cut scion, stock growing point in the scion cutting is removed, with with the thick identical bamboo let of scion stem or specific purpose tool from a side cotyledon base portion to side-lower oblique cutting 0.5-0.6cm, the epidermis that bamboo let or specific purpose tool can not be inserted brokenly stock can not be inserted into the marrow of stock, the scion cutting is inserted on stock and extracted in the hole of bamboo let or specific purpose tool, make two cotyledons of scion and two cotyledons of stock be cross.
Preferably, the grafting obtaining after grafting is in 3 days, and shading is managed; After 3 days, see light regime, shorten day by day the shading time of grafting, after 8-10 days, grafting is carried out to natural lighting management.
Grafting initial stage shading management can improve the success rate of grafting, shortens day by day the shading time grafting is progressively adapted with external environment, and after certain hour, natural lighting is conducive to promote the Fast Growth of grafting.
Preferably, during the described field management of step (8), to watermelon seedling hang climing, prune, pollinate and stay melon, adopt two climing and three climing trainings, on 9-13 joint position on the master who slings is climing, melon is stayed in pollination, put mesh bag to when melon enters expanding stage seated melon, to the climing pinching of the climing master of melon, extract the front unnecessary branches and tendrils of melon.
Variety of watermelon that the present invention selects is suitable to be produced in greenhouse by solar heat, the selection of watermelon-stock kind can increase disease resistance, resistance and the adaptability of watermelon, the merit that keeps scion, when watermelon is ripe, taste flavor is good, heart sugar pol remains on 8.5-10.5 degree, plays the effect that promotes growth to improve output; The preparation of seedling medium, can provide watermelon and the stock required inorganic organic various nutrients that germinate, and is beneficial to watermelon and watermelon-stock tidy seedlings output, goes out full stand, and emergence rate reaches more than 95%; The selection of watermelon seedling grafting method, can make the survival rate of Grafted Watermelon Seedlings reach more than 90%; In watermelon production process, use the method for ridging water-saving irrigation, adopt traditional furrow irrigation mode to compare with plant fine work watermelon in greenhouse by solar heat, every mu can using water wisely more than 15%, plays the effect that reduces production costs, increases benefit.Select 8*8*6cm
3pot for growing seedlings or the advantage of the seedling culture hole plate in 32 caves be: save seedling medium, the quantity that can increase pot for growing seedlings quantity and grow seedlings, the growing way (plant height, stem stalk rugosity) that is beneficial to stock and scion is controlled, and facilitates the grafting operation of nursery stock; Stay the advantage of climing method: save nutrient, increase the quantity of bearing fruit, impel melon precocious, realize the target that anti-season is produced.
Apply method of the present invention and can reach in Corpping in North Xinjiang anti-season production watermelon, anti-season supply watermelon, the object of prolongation watermelon production industrial chain, improves simultaneously and guarantees economic benefit, improves and guarantee output and the quality of watermelon.
The watermelon graft seedling growth technology of the application of the invention, can strengthen disease resistance, the cold resistance of watermelon, improve drought-enduring, barren-resistant power, impel the climing precocity of watermelon melon, grow, extend the picking time of watermelon, the watermelon local flavor that plant on quality of watermelon, local flavor and land is identical, and commodity might as well simultaneously.
Embodiment
Following embodiment is convenient to understand better the present invention, but does not limit the present invention.Experimental technique in following embodiment, if no special instructions, is conventional method.
A kind of greenhouse by solar heat cultivating watermelon method provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
(1) selection of variety of watermelon: select to be applicable to greenhouse by solar heat plantation variety of watermelon: No. 1 variety of watermelon of No. 3 He Tian garden gifts of beautiful, sub-ancient cooking vessel morning.
(2) selection of stock variety: select and special-purpose graft stock antibiosis king (the antibiosis king that Zhengzhou fruit tree research is produced) that above-mentioned variety of watermelon grafting affinity is strong as stock variety.
(3) wholely, ridging, paving irrigate band, plastic film mulch: deep ploughing before the winter, execute 50 kilograms of the potassium phosphate composite fertilizers that the fertilizer becoming thoroughly decomposed (fertilizer becoming thoroughly decomposed is the Animal manures such as the cow dung become thoroughly decomposed or sheep excrement) of 5-8 cube and active constituent content are 45% for every mu before field planting, after rotary tillage is raked, by the line-spacing of 1.2-1.4 rice, play into field planting ridges high 20 centimetres, wide 60 centimetres.In the centre position, field planting ridge of having risen, lay side-seam type or the internally-inlaid dropper band of the amount of dripping greatly, at the wide film in 90 centimetres, dropper band upper berth, form the irrigation method of under-film drip irrigation.Field planting is the kind planting-line in the greenhouse by solar heat of field planting Grafted Watermelon.
(4) preparation of seedling medium and the selection of container for plant growth: will not plant the cultivation of fields soil of melon and the cow dung of becoming thoroughly decomposed or sheep excrement in mass ratio for the ratio of 6:4 mixes, every cubic metre of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium (Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium that Guangzhou Hongfu Industrial Development Co., Ltd produces that adds 0.7-1 kilogram, the quality percentage composition of nitrogen phosphorus potassium is respectively: 15%, 15%, 15%) sieving to mix is made into Nutrition Soil, with the carbendazol wettable powder of mass ratio 50% and Nutrition Soil by volume for the ratio of 1:500 mix thoroughly sterilization seedling medium, pack seedling medium into 8*8*6cm
3pot for growing seedlings or the cave dish in 32 caves in.
(5) pretreatment of watermelon seed and stock seed: watermelon seed and stock kind are soaked to 10-15 minute respectively in the water of 50 ℃-55 ℃, while soaking, stir, when water temperature is down to after normal temperature, 2-3 hour again soaks seed, afterwards, pull the seed that seed soaking is crossed out, the mucus of scrub kind epidermis face also drains, and with clean wet cloth, watermelon seed and stock kind is wrapped to be respectively placed under 28 ℃ of-30 ℃ of conditions to be incubated vernalization.On January 10 to No. 15, grows after 0.2-0.3 centimetre until watermelon seed and stock kind seed base-root, and the stock kind program request that grows 0.2-0.3cm plumule is being filled to the 8*8*6cm of seedling medium
3in the cave dish in pot for growing seedlings or 32 caves, sowing depth 2cm; Watermelon seed is broadcast in filling the seedling-cultivating tray of seedling medium to sowing depth 1cm.
Pot for growing seedlings in broadcasting or cave dish and seedling-cultivating tray are put into greenhouse by solar heat, with heat and moisture preserving.During sowing, day temperature 20-25 ℃ in greenhouse by solar heat, nocturnal temperature 15-16 ℃, humidity is more than 90%.
(6) selection of grafting method and grafting: what grafting was selected is the method for plant propagation with cutting, on January 20 to No. 25, when watermelon-stock grows to a leaf wholeheartedly, during watermelon young plant Ye Zhanping, first to rootstock seedling, water once permeable, use method of plant propagation with cutting grafting, select scion under cotyledon under 0.8-1cm place cutter cut sth. askew 2 sections, long incision 0.6cm, cut scion, stock growing point in the scion cutting is removed, with with the thick identical bamboo let of scion stem or specific purpose tool from a side cotyledon base portion to side-lower oblique cutting 0.5-0.6cm, the epidermis that bamboo let or specific purpose tool can not be inserted brokenly stock can not be inserted into the marrow of stock, the scion cutting is inserted on stock and extracted in the hole of bamboo let or specific purpose tool, make two cotyledons of scion and two cotyledons of stock be cross.
3-8 day grafting in February melon seedling, grafting period temperature 20-25 ℃; 8-11 day in February, in grafting 3 days, grafting is carried out to shading management: temperature: daytime; 25-30 ℃, night, more than 20 ℃ humidity was more than 90%; 11-18 day in February, light regime is shown in grafting after 3 days: day temperature: 25-32 ℃ in greenhouse by solar heat, nocturnal temperature 16-18 ℃, the seedbed of greenhouse by solar heat can ventilate in right amount, air humidity can drop to 75%-85%, day by day shorten the shading time of grafting, direct sunlight is accepted according to about 1 hour in seedbed sooner or later simultaneously.Extend gradually seedbed ventilation time and sunshine time later, after 8-10 days, remove shade, grafting is carried out to natural lighting management.The superfluous bud of erasing in time on graft stock, promotes scion growth simultaneously.Be the grafting management phase 18-March 10 February.
(7) field planting: on March-20 on the 10th, day temperature is 28-32 ℃, and nocturnal temperature is 20 ℃ of left and right, field planting when 10 centimetres of ground temperature are stabilized in more than 15 ℃, relative moisture is below 80%.Field planting watermelon seedling on the field planting ridge of having risen, mode of planting is ridge two row, 50 centimetres of melon seedling line-spacings, spacing in the rows is 35-50 centimetre, watermelon shoot root portion and dropper band distance are 10 centimetres.
(8) field management, results: on 21-May 31 March, during field management, day temperature is 28-32 ℃, and nocturnal temperature is 15-20 ℃.Along with the watermelon seedling in greenhouse by solar heat is constantly grown up, need to hang climing, training, pollinate and stay melon, training adopts two climing and three climing trainings, on 9-13 joint position on the master who slings is climing, melon is stayed in pollination, putting long 40 cm diameters to when melon enters expanding stage seated melon is the mesh bag of 15-20 centimetre, to the climing pinching of the climing master of melon, extract the front unnecessary branches and tendrils of melon, use Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium (purchased from Guangzhou Hongfu Industrial Development Co., Ltd simultaneously, nitrogen in Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium, phosphorus, the quality percentage composition of potassium is respectively: 15%, 15%, 15%) or potassium dihydrogen phosphate (purchased from Shanghai Jian Cheng Chemical Co., Ltd., wherein, the quality percentage composition of phosphorus pentoxide is 52%, the quality percentage composition of potassium oxide is 34.02%) 20-30 ㎏/667m
2, after 15 days, impose once again.In watermelon growing process, prevent and treat the damage by disease and insect such as watermelon powdery mildew, downy mildew, aphid and two spotted spider mite.Gather in the crops on June-10 on the 1st.
Finally it should be noted that: the foregoing is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not limited to the present invention, although the present invention is had been described in detail with reference to previous embodiment, for a person skilled in the art, its technical scheme that still can record aforementioned each embodiment is modified, or part technical characterictic is wherein equal to replacement.Within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any modification of doing, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., within all should being included in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a greenhouse by solar heat cultivating watermelon method, comprises the following steps:
(1) selection of variety of watermelon: the variety of watermelon of selecting to be applicable to greenhouse by solar heat plantation;
(2) selection of stock variety: select and the strong stock variety of above-mentioned variety of watermelon grafting affinity;
(3) wholely, ridging, paving irrigate band, plastic film mulch;
(4) preparation of seedling medium and the selection of container for plant growth;
(5) watermelon seed and stock seed are carried out to pretreatment, after seed sprouting, be seeded in the container that fills seedling medium, put into greenhouse by solar heat and cultivate;
(6) when watermelon-stock grows to a leaf wholeheartedly, during watermelon young plant Ye Zhanping, carry out grafting;
(7) field planting when 10 centimetres of ground temperature are stabilized in more than 15 ℃;
(8) carry out field management, results.
2. cultivation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: variety of watermelon described in step (1) is No. 1, No. 3 Huo Tian garden gifts of beautiful, sub-ancient cooking vessel morning.
3. cultivation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described in step (2), stock variety is stock antibiosis king.
4. cultivation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described in step (3), ridging is for to play into field planting ridges high 20 centimetres, wide 60 centimetres by the line-spacing of 1.2-1.4 rice; Described paving irrigate band is in the centre position, field planting ridge of having risen, to lay side-seam type or the internally-inlaid dropper band of the amount of dripping greatly.
5. cultivation method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described in step (4), the preparation method of seedling medium is: by the fertilizer of not planting the cultivation of fields soil of melon and becoming thoroughly decomposed in mass ratio for the ratio of 6:4 mixes, every cubic metre of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium that adds 0.7-1 kilogram, sieving to mix is made into Nutrition Soil, the carbendazol wettable powder with 50% and Nutrition Soil mix thoroughly sterilization seedling medium.
6. cultivation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described in step (4), container for plant growth is 8*8*6cm
3pot for growing seedlings or the seedling culture hole plate in 32 caves.
7. cultivation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: during sowing, and day temperature 20-25 ℃ in greenhouse by solar heat, nocturnal temperature 15-16 ℃, humidity is more than 90%.
8. cultivation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: grafting described in step (6) is the method for plant propagation with cutting, the described method of plant propagation with cutting is for growing to a leaf wholeheartedly when watermelon-stock, during watermelon young plant Ye Zhanping, first to rootstock seedling, water once permeable, use method of plant propagation with cutting grafting, select scion under cotyledon under 0.8-1cm place cutter cut sth. askew 2 sections, long incision 0.6cm, cut scion, stock growing point in the scion cutting is removed, with with the thick identical bamboo let of scion stem or specific purpose tool from a side cotyledon base portion to side-lower oblique cutting 0.5-0.6cm, the epidermis that bamboo let or specific purpose tool can not be inserted brokenly stock can not be inserted into the marrow of stock, the scion cutting is inserted on stock and extracted in the hole of bamboo let or specific purpose tool, make two cotyledons of scion and two cotyledons of stock be cross.
9. cultivation method according to claim 8, is characterized in that: the grafting obtaining after grafting is in 3 days, and shading is managed; After 3 days, see light regime, shorten day by day the shading time of grafting, after 8-10 days, grafting is carried out to natural lighting management.
10. cultivation method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: during the described field management of step (8), to watermelon seedling hang climing, prune, pollinate and stay melon, adopt two climing and three climing trainings, on 9-13 joint position on the master who slings is climing, melon is stayed in pollination, put mesh bag to when melon enters expanding stage seated melon, to the climing pinching of the climing master of melon, extract the front unnecessary branches and tendrils of melon.
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| CN103975711A (en) * | 2014-03-31 | 2014-08-13 | 马鞍山绿九湾瓜果蔬菜种植有限公司 | Cultivation method for autumn greenhouse watermelons |
| CN104982216A (en) * | 2015-08-07 | 2015-10-21 | 蔡鹏� | Method for cultivating watermelons with mulch film |
| CN105359816A (en) * | 2015-12-17 | 2016-03-02 | 贵州平坝宝地农业科技产业有限公司 | Planting method of early-maturing watermelons |
| CN106069117A (en) * | 2016-07-01 | 2016-11-09 | 唐贵年 | A kind of greenhouse vegetable drip irrigation cultivation integrated technology method |
| CN106900318A (en) * | 2017-02-17 | 2017-06-30 | 新疆生产建设兵团第六师农业科学研究所 | A kind of method for culturing seedlings of watermelon in sunlight greenhouse |
| CN106900319A (en) * | 2017-02-17 | 2017-06-30 | 新疆生产建设兵团第六师农业科学研究所 | A kind of cucumber in solar-greenhouse method for culturing seedlings for overcoming continuous cropping obstacle |
| CN106941896A (en) * | 2017-01-18 | 2017-07-14 | 陆川县品养殖专业合作社 | A kind of implantation methods of rascal watermelon |
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| CN107439203A (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2017-12-08 | 广西田阳县创新农业综合开发有限公司 | A kind of cultural method of watermelon |
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| CN113951064A (en) * | 2021-10-22 | 2022-01-21 | 曹红清 | Improved planting method suitable for various solanaceous fruits and melons |
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| CN103975711A (en) * | 2014-03-31 | 2014-08-13 | 马鞍山绿九湾瓜果蔬菜种植有限公司 | Cultivation method for autumn greenhouse watermelons |
| CN103975711B (en) * | 2014-03-31 | 2016-09-21 | 马鞍山绿九湾瓜果蔬菜种植有限公司 | A kind of booth autumn cultivating watermelon method |
| CN104982216A (en) * | 2015-08-07 | 2015-10-21 | 蔡鹏� | Method for cultivating watermelons with mulch film |
| CN105359816A (en) * | 2015-12-17 | 2016-03-02 | 贵州平坝宝地农业科技产业有限公司 | Planting method of early-maturing watermelons |
| CN106069117A (en) * | 2016-07-01 | 2016-11-09 | 唐贵年 | A kind of greenhouse vegetable drip irrigation cultivation integrated technology method |
| CN106941896A (en) * | 2017-01-18 | 2017-07-14 | 陆川县品养殖专业合作社 | A kind of implantation methods of rascal watermelon |
| CN106900319A (en) * | 2017-02-17 | 2017-06-30 | 新疆生产建设兵团第六师农业科学研究所 | A kind of cucumber in solar-greenhouse method for culturing seedlings for overcoming continuous cropping obstacle |
| CN106900318A (en) * | 2017-02-17 | 2017-06-30 | 新疆生产建设兵团第六师农业科学研究所 | A kind of method for culturing seedlings of watermelon in sunlight greenhouse |
| CN106954449A (en) * | 2017-03-28 | 2017-07-18 | 魏德军 | A kind of cultural method of watermelon |
| CN107439203A (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2017-12-08 | 广西田阳县创新农业综合开发有限公司 | A kind of cultural method of watermelon |
| CN107493889A (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2017-12-22 | 宁涛 | A kind of Winter-Spring Forcing cultivation method for culturing seedlings of greenhouse watermelon |
| CN110122214A (en) * | 2019-06-18 | 2019-08-16 | 德州市农业科学研究院 | The double season stand density high yield cultivating methods of small watermelon open country |
| CN113951064A (en) * | 2021-10-22 | 2022-01-21 | 曹红清 | Improved planting method suitable for various solanaceous fruits and melons |
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