CN106888917A - A kind of eary maturity of grape cultural method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to agricultural technology field, a kind of eary maturity of grape cultural method is disclosed.Comprise the following steps：(1) graft seedling growth：Stock sowing time is December early and middle ten dayses, and scion is more late than stock to be broadcast 7 ~ 12 days；(2) grafting is colonized, using greenhouse+middle canopy+hut+four layers of mulch film+heating wire covering and heat insulating, is heated；(3) temperature is controlled；(4) prune：Using double climing or three climing pruning methods；(5) artificial pollination and stay fruit：The artificial pollination when female flower of main stem second, the female flower of lateral bine first are opened；(6) harvest.The early-ripening grape picking time of the inventive method cultivation is advanced to mid or late April, and more existing greenhouse cultivation does sth. in advance 20 ~ 30 days, and picking time avoids the plum rain season of southern area, it is ensured that high yield, stable yields.The market demand is not only met, and substantially increases yield and economic benefit.

Description

A kind of eary maturity of grape cultural method

Technical field

The invention belongs to agriculture field, and in particular to a kind of eary maturity of grape cultural method.

Background technology

With the improvement of people ' s living standards, consumption structure and Diet concept are also being constantly updated.Consumption demand of the people to grape, no longer be relieved summer heat with summer and quench one's thirst based on, but pursue quality, characteristic, anniversary and variation, in recent years, fruit weight 1~2kg grape variety because in good taste, quality is excellent, commodity protrude, and the listing phase is up to 8 months, meets people's consumption habit, get consumer reception again, demand increases increasingly.The huge consumption market of grape, promotes the adjustment of wine-growing structure, while the grape growth phase is short, suitable variation cultivation, it is general per 667m²Yield 2500kg~4000kg, market sale price may be up to 10 yuan/kg, and significantly, the production of grape is greatly developed in various regions to planting benefit, and planting proportion constantly increases, and market prospects are very considerable.

But grape seed is small and costliness, Seedling potential is weak, and each growth period requires temperature, light, water, fertilizer relatively stricter, single fruit weight only 1~2kg, therefore improves yield, quality, lists ahead of time, is the basis of scale, standardization production and development.And there are problems in currently producing, ealy maturing culture input is larger, the natural conditions (low temperature, cloudy weather for several days running etc.) in early spring are unfavorable for grape normal growth, the existing planting type listing phase is later, early yield is undesirable, later stage is just as room for promotion also very big on plum rain season etc., planting benefit.

Greenhouse+hut coverage mode is used in current eary maturity of grape cultivation, yield, the output value improve compared with outdoor cropping, the listing phase is mid or late May, fruiting period planting environment is hot and humid, soil-borne disease occurs seriously, and as a result the middle and later periods is at a time when plum rain season, often results in greater loss.

Facility and Heating system are protected using greenhouse etc., suitable planting environment is built, rational cultivation technique means are taken, the grapelet maturity period can be made to do sth. in advance to mid or late April, realize precocious, high yield, stable yields and preferable economic benefit.

The content of the invention

For the technical problem that background technology is proposed, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of eary maturity of grape cultural method.Can do sth. in advance the listing phase with the method cultivating grape, increase the yield per unit area and planting benefit, enhance disease resistance, extend picking time.

The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions：

A kind of eary maturity of grape cultural method, it is to comprise the following steps：

(1) graft seedling growth：Seedbed is heated using heating wire；Stock sowing time is December early and middle ten dayses, and scion is more late than stock to be broadcast 7~12 days；

(2) it is colonized：Apply base manure and site preparation does furrow；Open operation ditch, field planting ditch is opened on the flat furrow on operation ditch both sides, after being applied fertilizer in field planting ditch and laying ground hot line, be colonized grafting；Covered using greenhouse+middle canopy+four layers of hut+mulch film, raised with temperature, gradually reduce covering；

(3) temperature control：Control canopy temperature can be heated by covering, ventilation and heating wire, 7~10 days after field planting, close greenhouse daytime and heat moisturizing, 30 DEG C~32 DEG C of daytime temperature, more than 18 DEG C of night；20 DEG C~25 DEG C of daytime temperature after slow seedling, more than 15 DEG C of night temperature；Sit 25 DEG C~32 DEG C of daytime temperature, 15~20 DEG C of night temperature after melon；

(4) prune：Using double climing or three climing trainings；

(5) artificial pollination and stay fruit：The artificial pollination when female flower of main stem second, the female flower of lateral bine first are opened；

(6) harvest：Plant blossom starts harvesting for 28~32 days after awarding point.

Above-mentioned eary maturity of grape cultural method, it is have native graft seedling growth or Light media hole tray graft seedling growth using nutritive cube, and stock selects long-neck cucurbit；Tip cutting connection grafting, treats the diameter of up to 3cm of stock rough leaf, grafting when scion cotyledon is open and flat；The management such as insulation, moisturizing, shading, ventilation, disease prevention, nurturing staff are noted after grafting.

Above-mentioned eary maturity of grape cultural method, it is described base manure and its consumption is every 667m²Well-rotted farmyard manure 2500kg is applied, become thoroughly decomposed cake fertilizer 100kg；Or per 667m²Apply 45% potassium sulfate (15-15-15) NPK 100kg.

Above-mentioned eary maturity of grape cultural method, it is described field planting furrow width 30~40cm, deep 30cm or so；In field planting ditch during fertilising, the fertilizer applied is：Bottom lays thickness 8~10cm straw, the straw fermentation complex microbial inoculant and wheat bran, water based on spore content >=100,000,000/gram bacillus in mass ratio for mix at 1: 15: 14, is uniformly spread on straw, every hundred meters of 400~600 grams of strain consumptions；Spread fertilizer over the fields 45% potassium sulfate (15-15-15) NPK 25kg in every hundred meters of middle level；Lay 10~15cm fine earths in upper strata；A ground hot line is laid per bar ditch, grafting is colonized on ground hot line, leveling of banketing.

Above-mentioned eary maturity of grape cultural method, it is characterised in that be colonized when 3~4 true leaves of grafting, plant height 15cm or so；Field planting spacing in the rows 30cm, per 667m²500 plants or so of plant.

Above-mentioned eary maturity of grape cultural method, it is that after first batch of early-ripening grape harvests, can subsequently carry out second batch of ratooning or rice cropping.

Above-mentioned eary maturity of grape cultural method, it is described ratooning method for young sprout regenerates or cut climing regeneration.

Above-mentioned eary maturity of grape cultural method, it is after first batch of early-ripening grape harvests, when subsequently carrying out rice cropping, in order to supplement the consumption of soil and fertilizer during grape growth, 7~10d after melon is sat, spreaded manuer in holes at plant 30cm 45% potassium sulfate (15-15-15) NPK, per cave 25g；Every time after harvesting, 45% potassium sulfate (15-15-15) NPK 50g is imposed per cave.

Beneficial effects of the present invention：

The present invention takes rational cultivation technique means, builds suitable planting environment, the ripe phase is advanced to mid or late April, realizes precocious, high yield, stable yields and preferable economic benefit.

(1) precocious, the early-ripening grape listing phase is advanced to mid or late April, and more existing ealy maturing culture does sth. in advance 20~30 days, and early stage selling price is up to 10 yuan/kg, not only meets the market demand, and substantially increase yield and economic benefit.

(2) highly efficient and productive, early-ripening grape cultivation extends picking time, per 667m²Yield reaches 3000kg, and compared with spring ealy maturing culture volume increase 15%~20%, benefit increases by 50%~80%.

(3) breeding time shift to an earlier date, stable yields, the early-ripening grape fruit harvesting phase be mid or late April~6 month at the beginning of, avoid the plum rain season of southern area, it is ensured that high yield, stable yields.

(4) exurb in, early-ripening grape cultivation ensure that paddy rice crops for rotation arrangement, while alleviating the generation of soil-borne disease.

(5) cultivation bed laying straw, one is to play a part of heat-insulation and heat-preservation；Two is to contain substantial amounts of nutrient and abundant organic matter in rice straw, every hundred kilograms can provide 40 kilograms of organic matters and substantial amounts of N, P, K for soil also behind field, and the various trace elements such as Si, Zn, Fe, Mn, by spreading fertilizer over the fields stalk fermentation microbial inoculum, promote Straw decomposing conversion, improve soil texture, increase soil organic matter content, so as to reduce fertilizer application amount, quality of agricultural product is improved.

(6) early-ripening grape culture criterion rich water quality management, improves the resistance of plant, it is ensured that summer and autumn delayed culture maternal plant growth potentials.

Specific embodiment

The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with specific embodiment, but does not constitute any limitation of the invention.Embodiment 1 " early-ripening grape, summer and autumn regeneration grape " cultivation mode

First, crops for rotation arrangement：First batch of early-ripening grape.Stock December in sowing time early and middle ten dayses, scion was sowed compared with 7~12 days stock evenings, grafting when scion cotyledon is open and flat；Early and middle ten dayses field planting in 2 months, using greenhouse+middle canopy+four layers of hut+mulch film culture underglass.Begin mid-April to receive to early June harvesting and terminate.Second batch of summer and autumn regenerates grape, and after the harvesting of early June grape terminates, 2~3 regeneration of plant base portion overgrowing branch of selecting and remain are harvested after 40~50 days.

2nd, Fruit variety：Grape should select the small fruit type grape variety of precocity, low light tolerance, moisture-proof, good quality.Such as little Lan, small wind, early spring carbuncle.Stock should select disease-resistant, strong stress resistance, good with scion compatibility, and less kind, such as long-neck cucurbit are influenceed on grape quality.

3rd, cultural technigue

First batch：Ealy maturing culture

1st, seeding and seedling raising

There are native graft seedling growth or Light media hole tray graft seedling growth using nutritive cube.

Seedling medium：Mixed by 7: 3 volume ratios with the sieving organic fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed from the rural area soil for not planting melon crop, add in every cubic metre of Nutrition Soil and crush 45% potassium sulfate (15-15-15) NPK (commercially available) 1.0kg, 50% carbendazim 100g, vexed native 3~5 days of epiphragma is stand-by；Or it is excellent from physicochemical character, aeration, preservation capacity of water and fertility are good, the Seedling growing matrix special for melons with balanced support capacity.

Seedbed is heated using heating wire, greenhouse+hut+straw screen or mat covering.From 8~10cm of Φ nutritive cubes or 32 cave seedlings nursing plates.

Grape variety from ' little Lan ', ' early spring carbuncle ' etc., after hoting water treatment of seeds soaked seed, and stock seed soaks 16 hours, and ingraftment seed soaks 6 hours, then is placed in vernalization in 30 DEG C of insulating boxs by seed, and seed is sowed after showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally.

Diameter of up to 3cm of stock rough leaf or so, when scion cotyledon is open and flat, tip cutting connection grafting removes the true leaf and growing point of stock, with bamboo stick, incision tiltedly stabs about 0.5cm depths along cotyledon line direction angle at 45 ° above stock, untill hypocotyl stamp is led to a little；Take scion seedling, hypocotyl stays 1.5cm~2.0cm, splayed a knife with double-edged razor blade, tangent plane 0.5~0.8cm long, the rapid bamboo stick extracted in stock, to cut during scion hypocotyl in the slope enters stock by bamboo stick direction of insertion oblique cutting exactly, and be allowed to just be coincide with stock otch, and make scion cotyledon direction intersect with stock cotyledon across.The management such as insulation, moisturizing, shading, ventilation, disease prevention, nurturing staff are noted after grafting.

2nd, it is colonized

Mid-February, 25~30 days after grafting, 3~4 true leaves of grafting are colonized during plant height 15cm or so.

Base manure：Per 667m²Well-rotted farmyard manure 2500kg is applied, become thoroughly decomposed cake fertilizer 100kg,；Or per 667m²Apply 45% potassium sulfate (15-15-15) NPK (commercially available) 100kg.

Bedding：Using 6- type standard greenhouses, 50cm wide, depth 20cm operation ditch are opened in the middle of greenhouse.In greenhouse both sides, the dressing furrow of width 30cm, depth 30cm is excavated at the 80cm of greenhouse side, apply base manure, fertilizer, soil mixing are flattened and do flat furrow.

Mode of planting：Selection fine day field planting.A line is planted per ridge cultivation, spacing in the rows 30cm is general per 667m²500 plants or so of plant.Field planting is first 10~15 days, and field planting ditch, furrow width 30~40cm, deep 30cm or so are opened at 20~30cm of operation ditch in furrow face；Fertilising in field planting ditch：Bottom lays thickness 8~10cm straw, steady and sure；It is (commercially available from the straw fermentation complex microbial inoculant based on spore content >=100,000,000/gram bacillus, Baoji Guangren Biotechnology Co., Ltd.), by microbial inoculum: wheat bran: water is to mix at 1: 15: 14, is uniformly spread on straw, every hundred meters of 400~600 grams of strain consumptions；Spread fertilizer over the fields 45% potassium sulfate (15-15-15) NPK 25kg in every hundred meters of middle level；Lay 10~15cm fine earths in upper strata；Every field planting ditch lays a ground hot line, is colonized grafting on ground hot line, leveling of banketing.Water is poured, a micro-irrigation flexible pipe is laid at nearly root, then whole flat furrow face black film mulching, and diameter 1.5cm apertures are beaten on ground at seedling 10cm, until being colonized bottom of trench, the time of infertility keeps stomata penetrating.Often row plant by 1.0~1.2m wide, rise 50m and build hut；Canopy in 2.5~3.0m wide is built outside hut, arch shed membrane is covered, booth thermal insulation moisturizing is closed.Using four layers of covering, i.e. greenhouse+middle canopy+hut+mulch film；Raised with temperature, gradually reduce covering.

3rd, temperature control：Can be controlled by by covering, ventilation and heating wire.7~10 days after field planting, closing greenhouse daytime and heating moisturizing carries out slow seedling, 30 DEG C~32 DEG C of daytime temperature, more than 18 DEG C of night；20 DEG C~25 DEG C of daytime temperature after slow seedling, more than 15 DEG C of night temperature；Sit 25 DEG C~32 DEG C of daytime temperature, 15~20 DEG C of night temperature after melon.2~March low temperature season can be heated using heating wire, it is ensured that night ground temperature is not less than 15 DEG C.

4th, training and draws climing：Double climing trainings.Following 1~2 healthy and strong side shoot of selecting and remain is saved in main stem 5, remaining lateral bine is removed, tendril is extractd.Main, lateral bine is drawn to canopy edge direction, and selection fine day is kept down the vines of a creeping plant afternoon by stages, makes not overlapped between cissoid, and main, lateral bine respectively stays 1~2 melon.

5th, artificial pollination：The artificial pollination when female flower of main stem second, the female flower of lateral bine first are opened.When female flower opens that morning 8~10, from the male flower that the different strain of same kind opens, pollen is directly gently applied on female chapiter, identifies pollination date.

6th, harvest

Mid-April picking time to early June.28~32 days or so after plant blossom pollination, pericarp decorative pattern stretches, color is dark green, and band carpopodium is cut, packaging listing.

Second batch：Ratooning

Method one：Young sprout regenerates, i.e., in first batch of melon Later growth, the new climing fruit setting sent using master, lateral bine top.First batch of melon expands the later stage, the urea of foliage-spray 0.3~0.5%, 0.3~0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate；Spread manuer in holes fertilizer, 45% potassium sulfate (15-15-15) NPK 30kg, 10~15kg of urea is applied per 667m2；Rural area is cleaned in harvesting after terminating, root-growing agent pouring root promotees new climing robust growth；General 40~50 days can harvesting.

Method two：Climing regeneration is cut, i.e., after first batch of melon harvesting of early June terminates, wipes out old climing at basal part of stem 30cm, base portion of selecting and remain is new climing 2~3.With reference to hoeing up weeds, fertilizer of spreading manuer in holes, per 667m²45% potassium sulfate (15-15-15) NPK 30kg is applied, 10~15kg of urea, other management ibid, are harvested after about 40~50 days.

Embodiment 2：" early-ripening grape, paddy rice " cultivation mode

First, crops for rotation arrangement：Grape+paddy rice pattern is used in grain area, productivity effect can be greatly enhanced.First batch of early-ripening grape.Stock December in sowing time early and middle ten dayses, scion was sowed compared with 7~12 days stock evenings, grafting when scion cotyledon is open and flat；Early and middle ten dayses field planting in 2 months, mid-April~early June harvesting.Second batch of paddy rice, late May seedling, late June transplants, the harvesting of November early and middle ten dayses.

2nd, Fruit variety：Selection precocity, low light tolerance, moisture-proof, the small fruit type grape variety of good quality, such as little Lan, early spring carbuncle.Stock should select disease-resistant, strong stress resistance, good with scion compatibility, and less kind, such as long-neck cucurbit are influenceed on grape quality.Paddy rice late round-grained rice such as " Wu-Yu-Geng 3 kind in selecting.

3rd, cultural technigue：

First batch：Eary maturity of grape is cultivated

1st, seeding and seedling raising

The operating process of seeding and seedling raising is with the operating procedure in embodiment 1.

2nd, it is colonized

Site preparation basal dressing：Using 4.5m~5m bamboo and wood greenhouses wide, a 30cm wide, the dressing furrow of deep 30cm, by often 667m are respectively opened at the 80cm of greenhouse side in greenhouse both sides²Well-rotted farmyard manure 2500kg is applied, become thoroughly decomposed cake fertilizer 100kg；Or per 667m²Apply 45% potassium sulfate (15-15-15) NPK (commercially available) 100kg to be applied fertilizer in ditch, 2 flat furrow are made in leveling, with the middle of greenhouse, for boundary opens, 30cm is wide, and 20cm operates ditch deeply.Canopy, covering canopy film are built, canopy is closed and is heated.

Field planting：Early and middle ten dayses selection fine day field planting in 2 months.A line is planted per ridge cultivation, spacing in the rows 30cm is general per 667m²500 plants or so of plant.Field planting ditch, furrow width 30~40cm, deep 30cm or so are being opened at operation ditch 20cm~30cm；Bottom lays thickness 8~10cm straw, steady and sure；It is (commercially available from the straw fermentation complex microbial inoculant based on spore content >=100,000,000/gram bacillus, Baoji Guangren Biotechnology Co., Ltd.), by microbial inoculum: wheat bran: water is to mix at 1: 15: 14, is uniformly spread on straw, every hundred meters of 400~600 grams of strain consumptions；Spread fertilizer over the fields 45% potassium sulfate (15-15-15) NPK 25kg in every hundred meters of middle level；Lay 10~15cm fine earths in upper strata；A ground hot line is laid per bar ditch, grafting is colonized on ground hot line, leveling of banketing.Water is poured, a micro-irrigation flexible pipe is laid at nearly root, then whole flat furrow face black film mulching, and diameter 1.5cm apertures are beaten on ground at seedling 10cm, until being colonized bottom of trench, the time of infertility keeps stomata penetrating.Often row plant by 1.0~1.2m wide, rise 50m and build hut；Canopy in 2.5~3.0m wide is built outside hut, arch shed membrane is covered, booth thermal insulation moisturizing is closed.Using four layers of covering, i.e. greenhouse+middle canopy+hut+mulch film；Raised with temperature, gradually reduce covering.Pour permeable during field planting, grow early stage no longer moisturizing；Before sitting melon, under-film drip irrigation moisturizing is once；After knot melon, when the young melon on the most of plant in field grows to fist size, under-film drip irrigation moisturizing once, after according to actual conditions, keep ground moistening；Harvesting stops watering for first 7 days.

3rd, temperature control：7~10 days closing greenhouses heat moisturizing after field planting, and daytime temperature keeps 30 DEG C~32 DEG C, more than 18 DEG C of night；After slow seedling, divulge information wet down, 20 DEG C~25 DEG C of daytime temperature are noted；More than 15 DEG C of night temperature；Sit 25 DEG C~32 DEG C of daytime temperature, 15~20 DEG C of night temperature after melon.2~March low temperature season can be heated using heating wire, it is ensured that night ground temperature is not less than 15 DEG C.When temperature of shed is more than 35 DEG C, lee face is suitably aeration-cooling；Such as cloudy weather for several days running, timely draining drop stain, ventilation dewetting；After April early and middle ten dayses, hut is thrown off；In 5~June, strengthen greenhouse ventilation, can leave behind apron during high temperature.

4th, training and draws climing：Using double climing pruning methods.Operating process is with embodiment 1.

5th, artificial pollination：Mid-March, the artificial pollination when the female flower of main stem second, the female flower of lateral bine first are opened.When female flower opens that morning 8~10, from the male flower that the different strain of same kind opens, pollen is directly gently applied on female chapiter, identifies pollination date.

6th, harvest

Mid-April picking time to early June.General Post flowering 28~32 days, pericarp decorative pattern stretches, color is dark green, and band carpopodium is cut, packaging listing.

In order to supplement the consumption of soil and fertilizer during grape growth, can be 7~10 days after melon be sat, 45% potassium sulfate (15-15-15) NPK of being spreaded manuer in holes at plant 30cm, per cave 25g；Every time after harvesting, 45% potassium sulfate (15-15-15) NPK 50g is imposed per cave.

Second batch：Paddy rice

Paddy rice late round-grained rice such as " Wu-Yu-Geng 3 in selecting.On May 25 or so was sowed, light seeding dry rice seedling, 667m²Seeding in nursery bed amount is controlled within 30kg, and seedling crop field ratio is controlled 1: 10 or so.Per 667m²3.0 ten thousand caves of foot are planted, base manure is used sufficient, is early used sufficient rush fetilizer for tillering, fringe granulated fertilizer is mended afterwards, field, later stage shallow temperature alternate irrigation are put in early stage shoaling layer intermittent irrigation, draining.Keypoint control bakanae disease, three generations yellow rice borer, vertical volume snout moth's larva, planthopper, rice blast etc..

First batch of grape is per 667m in embodiment 1 and embodiment 2²Yield reaches 3000kg, and compared with spring ealy maturing culture volume increase 15%~20%, benefit increases by 50%~80%.And the grape listing phase is advanced to mid or late April, more general ealy maturing culture does sth. in advance 20~30 days, and early stage selling price is up to 10 yuan/kg, not only meets the market demand, and substantially increase yield and economic benefit.In first batch of mid or late April fruit harvesting phase~June, setting phase avoids the plum rain season of southern area, it is ensured that high yield, stable yields.The middle exurb of embodiment 2, early-ripening grape cultivation ensure that paddy rice crops for rotation arrangement, while alleviating the generation of soil-borne disease.Cultivation bed lays straw, and one is to play a part of heat-insulation and heat-preservation；Two is that, containing substantial amounts of nutrient and abundant organic matter in rice straw, dry rice straw contains organic matter 40%, N0.91%, P₂O₅0.3%th, K₂O2.28%, Si9.45%, every hundred kilograms can provide 40 kilograms of organic matters and substantial amounts of N, P, K for soil also behind field, and the various trace elements such as Si, Zn, Fe, Mn, by spreading fertilizer over the fields stalk fermentation microbial inoculum, promote Straw decomposing conversion, improve soil texture, increase soil organic matter content, so as to reduce fertilizer application amount, quality of agricultural product is improved.

Claims (1)

1. a kind of eary maturity of grape cultural method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：

(1) graft seedling growth：Seedbed is heated using heating wire；Stock sowing time is December early and middle ten dayses, and scion is more late than stock to be broadcast 7~12 days；

(2) it is colonized：Apply base manure and site preparation does furrow；Operation ditch is opened, field planting ditch is opened on the flat furrow on operation ditch both sides, ground hot line is applied fertilizer and laid in field planting ditch, be colonized grafting；Covered using greenhouse+middle canopy+four layers of hut+mulch film, raised with temperature, gradually reduce covering；

(3) temperature control：Growing temperatures in control greenhouse can be heated by covering, ventilation and heating wire, 7~10 days after field planting, close greenhouse daytime and heat moisturizing, 30 DEG C~32 DEG C of daytime temperature, more than 18 DEG C of night；20 DEG C~25 DEG C of daytime temperature after slow seedling, more than 15 DEG C of night temperature；Sit 25 DEG C~32 DEG C of daytime temperature, 15~20 DEG C of night temperature after melon；

(4) prune：Using double climing or three climing trainings；

(5) artificial pollination and stay fruit：The artificial pollination when female flower of main stem second, the female flower of lateral bine first are opened；

(6) harvest：Start within 28~32 days harvesting after plant blossom pollination.