CN115380761A - Soil heat preservation method for promoting early cultivation of grapes - Google Patents
Soil heat preservation method for promoting early cultivation of grapes Download PDFInfo
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- CN115380761A CN115380761A CN202211207843.XA CN202211207843A CN115380761A CN 115380761 A CN115380761 A CN 115380761A CN 202211207843 A CN202211207843 A CN 202211207843A CN 115380761 A CN115380761 A CN 115380761A
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 241000219094 Vitaceae Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 235000021021 grapes Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 241000219095 Vitis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 235000009754 Vitis X bourquina Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 235000012333 Vitis X labruscana Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 235000014787 Vitis vinifera Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000005059 dormancy Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000013138 pruning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000000560 Citrus x paradisi Species 0.000 abstract description 7
- 235000021286 stilbenes Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 7
- 150000001629 stilbenes Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000035800 maturation Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 16
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 7
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical group CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 3
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241001252601 Blumea Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000021028 berry Nutrition 0.000 description 2
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- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
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- 238000004704 ultra performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000233805 Phoenix Species 0.000 description 1
- PJANXHGTPQOBST-VAWYXSNFSA-N Stilbene Natural products C=1C=CC=CC=1/C=C/C1=CC=CC=C1 PJANXHGTPQOBST-VAWYXSNFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010811 Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001819 mass spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002207 metabolite Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001471 micro-filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
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- PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N stilbene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000009777 vacuum freeze-drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/02—Cultivation of hops or vines
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/04—Supports for hops, vines, or trees
- A01G17/06—Trellis-work
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/22—Shades or blinds for greenhouses, or the like
- A01G9/222—Lamellar or like blinds
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
Abstract
The invention discloses a soil heat preservation method for promoting early grape cultivation, which comprises the following steps: (1) Selecting grape varieties as early-maturing cultivation objects, and cultivating the grape varieties in a greenhouse; (2) when the grape plant is completely dormant, performing short-tip pruning; (3) After the dormancy of the grape plants is finished, covering a greenhouse film on the greenhouse and irrigating; (4) 2-3 days after irrigation, paving straws on the soil surface planted by the grape plants, building shed frames on the two sides of the grape plants, paving felts on the shed frames, and paving a layer of shed film outside the felts; (5) And (3) when the grape plants germinate, removing the felt and the greenhouse film, and keeping the straws. According to the invention, through soil heat preservation, the germination, flowering, color change and maturation of the grapes are advanced by days, and the grape quality is obviously improved; the content of stilbenes in the grape fruits is obviously improved; the minimum temperature of the grape root region soil is improved, the temperature difference at the root of the grape is reduced, and the growth environment of the grape is more stable; the used materials are low in price, the operation is simple, and the practicability is high.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for promoting early cultivation soil heat preservation of grapes.
Background
Grape early-maturing cultivation technology is applied to a plurality of areas in China, and grape can sprout in advance by the technology. At present, people mainly adopt various agricultural measures including pruning (autumn phoenix and the like, 2021; zhang Yonghui and the like, 2019), using growth regulators (Tan Yiting and the like, 2021) and light supplement (Zhang Kekun and the like, 2017) and the like to promote the early germination of grapes. However, these measures often result in irregular sprouting and inconsistent flowering phase of the grapes, and bring great inconvenience to subsequent work of operators. Ambient temperature (air temperature and soil temperature) is one of the important factors affecting grape germination. In a grape early-maturing cultivation system, the method of controlling the air temperature by using a shed film is a commonly adopted mode (Xuyan and the like 2015; wang Hai and the like 2011) by current producers, but how to regulate and control the soil temperature is not systematically researched.
The utility model discloses a Wangkongyong etc. utility model CN213343541U a soil heat preservation device for fruit tree planting, the device is a two container device of growing seedlings, including the inner container of placing the nursery stock and the outer container that is used for the cover to establish, the inner container includes fixed frame and annular slab, has seted up the mounting groove on the annular slab, is provided with the heater strip in the mounting groove, the annular slab in the notch department of mounting groove is provided with and is used for sealing the closing plate of mounting groove notch. The invention can preserve the heat of the root of the tree and improve the survival rate of the tree. When the device is used, only a single fruit tree can be moved into the device, the electric heating wires in the device heat and preserve the temperature of soil, and the device is not suitable for fruit trees planted in fields in large areas such as grapes.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: the invention aims to provide a soil heat preservation method for promoting early culture of grapes, which can ensure that grape buds germinate in order in advance by large-area soil heat preservation.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to realize the purpose of the invention, the invention provides a grape early-maturing cultivation soil heat preservation method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Selecting grape varieties as early-maturing cultivation objects, and cultivating the grape varieties in a greenhouse;
(2) When the grape plant is completely dormant, short-tip pruning is carried out;
(3) After the dormancy of the grape plants is finished, covering a greenhouse film on the greenhouse in the step (1) and irrigating the grape plants;
(4) Laying crop straws on the surface of soil planted by the grape plants 2-3 days after irrigation, building shed frames on two sides of the grape plants, laying felts on the shed frames, fixing the overlapped parts of the felts and the felts by clips, and laying a layer of shed film outside the felts;
(5) And (4) after grape plants germinate, removing the felt and the shed film in the step (3) and reserving crop straws.
Preferably, 2-3 buds of the grape plants in the step (2) are remained during short-tip pruning.
Preferably, the shed frame building method in the step (3) is that the shed rods are bent to form arched supports, two ends of each arched support are inserted into two sides of a grape plant respectively, and the number of the arched supports is multiple; a beam is erected on the top of the arch support and is connected with all the arch supports in series to form a shed frame.
Preferably, the shed rod is a glass fiber rod.
Preferably, the cross beam is made of iron wires with the diameter of 3-4 mm.
Preferably, the shed frame in the step (3) is an arched shed frame with the height of 0.5-0.7 m and the width of 0.7-0.9 m.
Preferably, the specification of the felt in the step (3) is 150-250 g/m 2 The thickness of the greenhouse film is 0.06-0.10 mm.
Preferably, the crop stalks in the steps (4) and (5) are rice straws or wheat straws.
Preferably, the thickness of the laid crop straws in the step (4) is 4-7 cm.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable advantages: (1) The germination, flowering, color conversion and maturation of the grapes are advanced by days through large-area soil heat preservation, and the grape quality is obviously improved; (2) The minimum temperature of the grape root area soil is improved, the temperature difference at the root of the grape is reduced, and the grape growing environment is more stable; (3) the content of stilbenes in the grape fruits is obviously improved; (4) The support and the covering used by the shed are common and easily available materials, and have the advantages of low price, simple operation and strong practicability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a soil thermal insulation apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 shows the growth and development of grape at the same time in the sprouting period, flowering period, berry color transition period and berry mature period; CK: comparative example 3; t1: comparative example 2; t2: comparative example 1; t3: example 1;
FIG. 3 is the content of stilbenes in the grapes treated in comparative example 3 and example 1, P <0.05;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of comparative example 3;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of comparative example 2;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of comparative example 1;
FIG. 7 is a diagram of a processed object in example 1.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained by combining the attached drawings.
Example 1
1. Selecting a grape variety of purple Jinhongxia as an early-maturing cultivation object, and cultivating in a greenhouse;
2. when the grape plant is completely dormant, short tips are pruned, and 2-3 buds are left;
3. after the dormancy of the grape plants is finished, covering a greenhouse film on the greenhouse and irrigating the grape plants;
4. 2-3 d after irrigation, paving straws on the surface of soil planted by the grape plants, and building shed frames on two sides of the grape plants, wherein the method for building the shed frames is to bend glass fiber rods to form arched supports, two ends of each arched support are respectively inserted into two sides of the grape plants, and a plurality of arched supports are arranged; an iron wire with the diameter of 3.5mm is pulled at the top of the arch support,the iron wire is connected with all the arched supports in series to form a shed frame. The height of the shed frame is 0.6m, and the width of the shed frame is 0.9m; the specification of the shed frame is 200g/m 2 The overlapped part of the felt and the felt is fixed by a dovetail clamp, and a layer of shed film with the thickness of 0.08mm is paved outside the felt, and the structure is shown in figure 1;
5. and (3) after the grape plants germinate, removing the felt and the greenhouse film, and keeping the straws.
Comparative example 1
1. Selecting a grape variety of purple golden blumea as an early-maturing cultivation object, and cultivating in a greenhouse;
2. when the grape plant is completely dormant, short tips are pruned, and 2-3 buds are left;
3. after the dormancy of the grape plants is finished, covering a greenhouse film on the greenhouse and irrigating the grape plants;
4. 2, building trellis on two sides of the grape plant after irrigation at 2-3 d, wherein the method for building the trellis is to bend the glass fiber rods to form arched supports, two ends of each arched support are respectively inserted into two sides of the grape plant, and a plurality of arched supports are arranged; and (4) pulling an iron wire with the diameter of 3.5mm at the top of the arched support, and connecting the iron wire with all the arched supports in series to form the shed frame. The height of the shed frame is 0.6m, and the width of the shed frame is 0.9m; the shed frame is paved with a specification of 200g/m 2 The overlapped part of the felt and the felt is fixed by a dovetail clamp, and a layer of shed film with the thickness of 0.08mm is paved outside the felt;
5. and (4) removing the felt and the shed film after the grape plants germinate.
Comparative example 2
1. Selecting a grape variety of purple Jinhongxia as an early-maturing cultivation object, and cultivating in a greenhouse;
2. when the grape plant is completely dormant, short tips are pruned, and 2-3 buds are left;
3. after the dormancy of the grape plants is finished, covering a greenhouse film on the greenhouse and irrigating the grape plants;
4. building shed frames on two sides of the grape plants 2-3 d after irrigation, wherein the shed frames are built by bending glass fiber rods to form arched supports, two ends of each arched support are inserted into two sides of the grape plants respectively, and the number of the arched supports is multiple; and (4) pulling an iron wire with the diameter of 3.5mm at the top of the arched support, and connecting the iron wire with all the arched supports in series to form the shed frame. The height of the shed frame is 0.6m, and the width of the shed frame is 0.9m; paving a shed film with the thickness of 0.08mm on the shed frame;
5. and (4) removing the shed film after the grape plants germinate.
Comparative example 3
1. Selecting a grape variety of purple golden blumea as an early-maturing cultivation object, and cultivating in a greenhouse;
2. when the grape plant is completely dormant, short tips are pruned, and 2-3 buds are reserved;
3. irrigating the grape plants without any covering treatment after the grape plants reach the cooling capacity requirement;
the intelligent temperature recorder L92-1 is utilized to monitor the soil 10cm away from the grape root zone and the air temperature in the greenhouse in real time in the embodiment 1 and the comparative examples 1-3. The monitoring results are shown in table 1, the lowest temperature of the grape root field soil in example 1 is higher than that in other examples, and the temperature difference at the grape root system in example 1 is minimal.
TABLE 1 soil temperature and air temperature of grape root zone under different soil management modes
And (5) observing the phenological period of the grapes. The grapes of example 1 were observed at various stages of growth and development in example 1 and comparative examples 1 to 3, and as shown in table 2 and fig. 2, the grapes of example 1 were significantly advanced in germination, flowering, color transformation and maturation in phenological stages as compared with those of comparative examples 1 to 3.
TABLE 2 phenological period of grapes under different soil management modes
The grape quality index was measured, and as shown in table 3, the grape quality of example 1 was improved to some extent in the indexes of single fruit mass, transverse diameter, soluble solids, and the like, as compared with those of comparative examples 1 to 3.
TABLE 3 quality of mature grapes under different soil management modes
And (4) measuring the content of stilbenes in the grape fruits.
Sample extraction: (1) Vacuum freeze drying grape fruit in a freeze dryer (Scientz-100F); (2) Grinding (30Hz, 1.5 min) to powder by using a grinder (MM 400, retsch); (3) Weighing 50mg of powder, and dissolving in 1.2mL of 70% methanol extract; (4) Vortexed every 30 minutes for 30 seconds for a total of 6 vortexes; (5) After centrifugation (12000rpm, 3 min), the supernatant was aspirated, and the sample was filtered through a microfiltration membrane (0.22 μm pore size) and stored in a vial for UPLC-MS/MS analysis.
Collecting conditions of the chromatographic mass spectrum: the data acquisition instrument system mainly comprises Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) (ExionLC) TM AD, https: com. Cn /) and Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) (Applied Biosystems 6500QTRAP, https: // sciex. Com. Cn /).
The liquid phase conditions mainly comprise: (1) chromatographic column: agilent SB-C18.8 μm,2.1mm 100mm; (2) mobile phase: phase A is ultrapure water (with 0.1% formic acid added), phase B is acetonitrile (with 0.1% formic acid added); (3) elution gradient: the B phase proportion is 5% at 0.00min, the B phase proportion is linearly increased to 95% within 9.00min and is maintained at 95% 1min,10.00-11.10min, the B phase proportion is decreased to 5% and is balanced to 14min in 5%; (4) the flow rate is 0.35mL/min; the column temperature is 40 ℃; the sample size was 2. Mu.L.
Peak area integration was performed for all species chromatographic peaks and integration correction was performed for mass spectral peaks of the same metabolite in different samples (Fraga et al 2010) to give the values shown in table 4.
TABLE 4 stilbene substances in grape fruit under different soil management modes
As can be seen from Table 4, the content of stilbenes in the grape fruits treated in example 1 was about 2.5 to 4 times that of comparative example 3; the values shown in table 4 were logarithmized to base 2 and a heat map was constructed. As can be seen from FIG. 3, the content of stilbenes in the grape fruits was significantly increased in the treatment method of example 1 as compared with that in comparative example 3.
Weed growth under each treatment is shown in FIGS. 4-7. FIGS. 4-5 show that weeds grew vigorously without felt coverage; fig. 7 shows that in the case of simultaneous covering of felt and straw, weeds hardly grow.
Claims (9)
1. A grape early-maturing cultivation soil heat preservation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Selecting grape varieties as early-maturing cultivation objects, and cultivating the grape varieties in a greenhouse;
(2) When the grape plant is completely dormant, short-tip pruning is carried out;
(3) After the grape plants finish dormancy, covering a greenhouse film on the greenhouse in the step (1) and irrigating the grape plants;
(4) Laying crop straws on the surface of soil planted by grape plants 2-3 days after irrigation, building shed frames on two sides of the grape plants, laying felts on the shed frames, fixing overlapped parts of the felts and the felts by clips, and laying a layer of shed film outside the felts;
(5) And (4) after the grape plants germinate, removing the felt and the shed film in the step (4) and reserving the crop straws.
2. The soil heat preservation method for promoting early culture of grapes according to claim 1, wherein 2-3 buds are left in the grape plant in the step (2) during short-tip pruning.
3. The early-maturing culture soil heat preservation method for the grapes according to claim 1, wherein the shed frame in the step (3) is built by bending a shed rod to form an arched support, two ends of the arched support are inserted into two sides of the grape plant respectively, and the number of the arched supports is multiple; a beam is erected on the top of the arch support and is connected with all the arch supports in series to form a shed frame.
4. The method for preserving soil for promoting early cultivation of grapes according to claim 3, wherein the shed rod is a glass fiber rod.
5. The soil heat preservation method for promoting early culture of grapes according to claim 3, wherein the cross beam is made of iron wires with the diameter of 3-4 mm.
6. The soil heat preservation method for promoting early culture of grapes according to claim 1, wherein the shed frame in the step (3) is an arched shed frame with the height of 0.5-0.7 m and the width of 0.7-0.9 m.
7. The method for preserving soil for promoting early cultivation of grapes according to claim 1, wherein the specification of the felt in the step (3) is 150-250 g/m 2 The thickness of the greenhouse film is 0.06-0.10 mm.
8. The method for promoting the early cultivation soil heat preservation of grapes according to claim 1, wherein the crop stalks in the steps (4) and (5) are rice straws or wheat straws.
9. The soil heat preservation method for promoting early culture of grapes according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the laid crop straw in the step (4) is 4-7 cm.
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