CN107318421B - Cutting propagation method of rhododendron within high-temperature areas in summer - Google Patents
Cutting propagation method of rhododendron within high-temperature areas in summer Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cutting propagation method of rhododendron within a high-temperature region in summer, which comprises the following steps: selecting a cutting period; preparing a cutting seedbed; selecting and shearing cutting shoots; pretreating the cutting; and (4) cuttage and management after cuttage. The method adjusts the cutting period, selects and specially processes the biological root fluid, the cutting medium and the cutting slips, strictly controls the cutting environment, selects the cutting slips with larger lignification degree, adopts the double-layer arched shed film and the sunshade net, not only preserves moisture, but also reduces temperature, and greatly improves the cutting breeding success rate of the rhododendron within the high temperature region in summer. The invention effectively solves the problems that the rhododendron anthopogonoides is difficult to root in cuttage in a high-temperature region in summer, the cutting shoots are easy to die, and the cuttage propagation rate is low, effectively increases the rooting rate and the rooting quality, and the rooting rate can reach more than 95%.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of rhododendron propagation, and particularly relates to a cutting propagation method of rhododendron in a high-temperature region in summer.
Background
At present, the current horticultural azalea cultivars in China are generally accepted to be divided into four strains of spring azalea, summer azalea, east azalea and west azalea according to the classification mode based on flowering phase and source (Changchang 2008).
East-ocean Rhododendron (short for east-azalea) refers to the variety of Rhododendron stonewort (Rhododendron obtusium) from Japan and its numerous filial generations, and east-azalea plants are short and short, mostly have transverse branches, and are thin and soft. The leaves are light green, the surface is glossy, the shape is oval, smaller, thinner and less hairy. The flower buds grow on the tops of branches, 1-3 small flowers exist in the common flower buds, 5 flowers can be obtained when the flower buds are more abundant, the flower amount is large, the flowers are more bright and brocade when the flower buds grow, and only the flowers can see no leaves, so that the gorgeous color effect can be formed. East azalea is an important garden plant, a high-quality bonsai manufacturing material and a favorite night flower. The east cuckoo has dense flowers in the flowering phase, larger flower amount than spring cuckoo and higher ornamental value than spring cuckoo, has stronger stress resistance and disease resistance compared with western cuckoo with higher ornamental value, and belongs to a strain with stronger resistance in a plurality of strains of cuckoo. Meanwhile, the rhododendron has strong adaptability, is easier to survive by introduction and domestication in different regions and climatic environments, keeps high ornamental value, is an excellent strain with high ornamental value, strong resistance, strong adaptability and easy management and culture among a plurality of rhododendrons, and has good application prospect and garden application value.
The propagation of horticultural azalea species is currently mainly by cutting propagation. Other propagation methods such as seed propagation have the problems of difficult germination, slow growth and difficult survival of seedlings; the grafting propagation method has the advantages of large workload, low survival rate and high operation technical requirement; the tissue culture propagation cost is high, and the survival rate of woody plants is low. Therefore, the cutting propagation has the characteristics of low cost, simple and convenient operation and large propagation amount, and is the most common propagation method for rhododendron production and propagation.
However, the research on the propagation technology of east cuckoo in China is still blank. Branches of east rhododendron are weak and are difficult to perform cutting propagation compared with other lines, the conventional cutting method adopts the annual semi-lignified branches for cutting, and the early summer from the middle of 5 months to the upper of 6 months is generally required when the annual new branches are lignified. The main areas of the east cuckoo, such as Ningbo, Jinhua and Jiashan, are areas with low temperature in summer, but for high-temperature areas in summer (the temperature exceeds 35 ℃ in 10 years and exceeds 200 days), such as Wuhan, the temperature can be suddenly increased in the first 6 th of month, the cutting spike is easy to die, and the cutting survival rate is extremely low. Aiming at the current situations that seed propagation of the domestic rhododendron anthopogonoides is difficult to germinate, the tissue culture propagation cost is high, the grafting propagation workload is large, and the excellent variety rapid propagation is not suitable, how to effectively improve the propagation survival rate of the rhododendron anthopogonoides, shorten the seedling period and reduce the production cost becomes a problem to be solved urgently in the industrialized development of the rhododendron anthopogonoides.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of the cutting technology of the rhododendron in the high-temperature region in summer, in particular to the problem of low cutting survival rate of the rhododendron in the high-temperature time section in summer, and provides a cutting propagation method of the rhododendron in the high-temperature region in summer so as to improve the propagation capacity in the warm climate region and meet the ever-increasing market demand.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the inventor improves the cutting period, the cutting steps and the technical parameters through a large amount of experimental researches, and continuously screens a proper rooting solution, thereby finally obtaining the following technical scheme: a cutting propagation method of rhododendron within a high-temperature region in summer comprises the following steps:
(1) cutting period: selecting the middle ten days of 6 months to the upper ten days of 7 months or the last 8 months to the upper ten days of 9 months, and avoiding the stage of sudden rising of air temperature at the beginning of 6 months and the stage of continuous high temperature in summer in the high-temperature region in summer;
(2) preparing a cutting seedbed: preparing a cutting seedbed in a plastic greenhouse, selecting a wide and flat field with convenient drainage in the greenhouse as a bed, wherein the width of the bed is 1.2-1.5m, and the seedbed is made of yellow loam: the sandy soil is mixed soil with the volume ratio of 1 (0.8-1.3), is spread horizontally, has the thickness of 15-20cm, and is used for disinfecting and sterilizing the seedbed;
(3) selecting and shearing cutting shoots: selecting 3-10-year-old east ocean rhododendron plants as stock plants, cutting branches which are semi-lignified and have higher lignification degree in the current year as cutting slips, and cutting the slips into 8-10cm cuttings, wherein each cutting slip keeps 3-4 knots;
(4) pre-treating the cutting: soaking the cut shoots in rooting solution for over 1 hour (no more than 2 hours), wherein the rooting solution is water decoction of Delphinium anthracifolium Hance;
(5) cuttage: immediately inserting the treated cutting slips into the seedbed prepared in the step (2), watering 500 times of carbendazim aqueous solution after cutting, and spraying water thoroughly;
(6) managing after cuttage: building a small arched shed on the seedbed, covering the small arched shed with a film, covering a sunshade net on the small arched shed at the height of 25-35cm, and simultaneously covering the sunshade net on the film of the greenhouse in the step (2), wherein the temperature in the greenhouse is kept not to exceed 32 ℃, and the humidity is kept between 80 and 90 percent; after the cuttage is finished and the water is thoroughly poured, the small arched shed film is sealed for 45-52 days, and then the water is regularly poured and the insecticide and bactericide is sprayed.
Further preferably, the cutting propagation method for rhododendron eastern region in summer high temperature is as above, wherein the particle size of yellow loam in step (2) is less than 3 mm.
Further preferably, the cutting propagation method for rhododendron within the high-temperature region in summer as described above, wherein the step (2) is to spray 500 times of the aqueous solution of carbendazim on the seedbed.
Further preferably, in the cutting propagation method of rhododendron eastern China in high temperature region in summer, the scions in step (3) are cut in such a way that the buds of the scions are cut within 1cm from the top, and the cut at the base part is cut at an included angle of 45 degrees by 0.5-1.0 cm.
Further preferably, the cutting propagation method for rhododendron eastern region in summer is as described above, wherein each cutting shoot in step (3) maintains 3-4 nodes, 2-4 leaves remain at the top, and 1/4-2/3 of the whole leaf is maintained in each leaf.
Further preferably, the cutting propagation method of rhododendron within the high-temperature region in summer is as described above, wherein the rooting solution in the step (4) is prepared by the following method: weighing dry whole plant of the leucas mollissima, adding water according to the mass ratio of 1 (15-25), decocting for 1.5-2h, filtering, cooling the decoction, adding purified water, and diluting into rooting solution of 2-10g raw material/L.
Further preferably, in the method for cutting propagation of rhododendron eastern China at high temperature in summer, the cutting depth of the cutting shoot in the step (5) is 60% -70% of the length of the cutting shoot, and the cutting shoot is obliquely inserted into the seedbed at an angle of 40-50 degrees.
It should be noted that after the operation according to the method of the invention, the cutting can root more than 5, and the root system can be transplanted when the length is more than 2 cm. The transplanting medium is a mixture of peat, perlite and vermiculite (2-3) in a volume ratio of 1: 1. Placing under a shed with a sun-shading rate of less than 50% for 30-40 days, and then gradually planting in the open air. And controlling watering frequency according to the dryness and humidity of the culture medium.
In addition, the water decoction of the leuca alternifolia can obviously promote the cutting slips of the rhododendron within the high temperature area in summer to root, so the invention also provides a new application, namely the application of the water decoction of the leuca alternifolia in promoting the cutting slips of the rhododendron within the high temperature area in summer to root; or the application of the water decoction of the leucas mollissima in preparing the cutting shoot rooting solution for cutting rhododendron hybridum in the high-temperature region in summer.
Compared with the prior art, the cutting propagation method provided by the invention has the following advantages and progresses:
(1) the conventional cutting period of the east-ocean rhododendron in the main production place of rhododendron in China (mainly in the region of Jiangzhe and Zhejiang) is generally carried out in the middle ten days of 5 months to the last 6 months, at the moment, the new flowers grow vigorously, a large number of new branches reach the semi-lignification degree, and the proper higher temperature at the beginning of summer promotes the cutting shoots to root. And the temperature in summer high-temperature areas like Wuhan and the like can suddenly rise to about 35 ℃ in 6 months, the temperature rises greatly in a short time, the temperature in the arched shed rises sharply (the extreme temperature can reach 40 ℃), and the death rate of the cuttings is high. According to the method, the cutting period is shifted to the middle ten days of 6 months to the last ten days of 7 months or the last ten days of 8 months to the last ten days of 9 months, the sudden temperature rise stage at the beginning of 6 months and the continuous high temperature stage in summer are avoided, the problems that the east ocean rhododendron is not easy to root in the high temperature region in summer in a cutting mode, the cutting slips are easy to die, the cutting propagation rate is low are effectively solved, the rooting rate and the rooting quality are effectively increased, and the rooting rate can reach more than 95%;
(2) by adjusting the cutting period, the selection and special treatment of the biological root liquid, the cutting medium and the cutting slips and the strict control of the cutting environment are realized, the cutting slips with higher lignification degree are selected, and a double-layer arched shed film and a sunshade net are adopted, so that the moisture is preserved, the temperature is reduced, and the success rate of cutting and breeding of the rhododendron within the east ocean in the high-temperature region in summer is greatly improved.
(3) The method is simple and easy to operate, is an effective method for large-scale rapid propagation of the rhododendron in the high-temperature region in summer, and can promote the industrial development of the rhododendron.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments of the present invention, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention. The herba Euphorbiae Humifusae is dried whole plant of Delphinium alternifolia Hance of Delphinium of Ranunculaceae.
The invention improves the cuttage propagation coefficient of the rhododendron in the high-temperature areas in summer such as Wuhan and the like, shortens the propagation period and provides an effective way for the large-scale propagation of the rhododendron in the high-temperature areas in summer by using a relatively low-cost and simple process.
Example 1
Test materials: east ocean azalea
Test time: 2016 (6 months) and 18 days
Test site: wuhan city agriculture department forest fruit institute Wuhu base
(1) Preparing a site:
cutting seedbed specification: the cutting seedbed is arranged in the large arched shed and adopts a brick-concrete structure, the height of the cutting seedbed is 20cm, the width of the cutting seedbed is 120cm, and the length of the cutting seedbed is 6 meters (determined according to the length of the arched shed).
Cutting seedbed material requirement: mixing the seedbed matrix with yellow loam and sandy soil in a volume ratio of 1:1, raking and lightly pressing to level the seedbed, and thoroughly watering; after the seedbed is manufactured, 500 times of carbendazim aqueous solution is used for spraying and disinfecting the substrate and the surrounding environment.
(2) Selecting and shearing cutting shoots:
selecting 3-year-old strong east ocean rhododendron plants without diseases and insect pests as stock plants of cutting slips, cutting off semi-lignified new branches with high lignification degree as cutting slip materials from the stock plants, cutting the cutting slip materials into cutting slips with the length of 8-10cm, keeping 3-4 knots of each cutting slip, cutting off tender shoots within the range of 1cm from the top of the cutting slip, removing leaves at the base of the cutting slip, keeping 3-4 leaves at the top, subtracting 1/2 from the leaves to reduce water evaporation, cutting off a section of 0.5cm from the position 2cm from the bud of the base of the cutting slip by using a grafting knife, wherein the cut is a 45-degree inclined plane, so that the water absorption capacity of the cutting slip is enhanced, and rooting is facilitated.
(3) And (3) cutting treatment:
weighing 100g of dry whole plant of the euphorbia humifusa, adding water according to the mass ratio of 1:20, decocting for 2h, filtering, cooling the decoction, adding purified water to dilute the decoction into rooting solution of 5g of raw materials per L, and soaking the cut slips after pruning in the rooting solution for 1 h.
(4) Cutting
And (2) wetting the treated cutting slips with clear water, inserting the treated cutting slips into the seedbed prepared in the step (1), obliquely inserting the cutting slips into a matrix at an angle of 45 degrees, wherein the cutting depth is 2/3 of the length of the cutting slips, pouring 500 times of carbendazim solution after cutting, and spraying water thoroughly.
(5) Post-cuttage management
A small arched shed is built on the cuttage seedling raising bed and covered by a thin film, a sunshade net with the height of 85% is covered on the arched shed at the position with the height of 30cm, meanwhile, the sunshade net is covered on the large arched shed, and the temperature and the humidity in the small arched shed are kept (the temperature does not exceed 32 ℃, and the humidity is kept between 80% and 90%).
When the temperature is higher than 32 ℃, uncovering a plastic film of the large arched shed in time, and spraying water to cool down, wherein the sunshade net with the sunshade rate of 90 percent is used in the large arched shed; when the temperature is 20-28 ℃, a sunshade net with the sunshade rate of 60-75% is used; when the temperature is lower than 20 ℃, the sunshade net can be uncovered. A sunshade net may not be needed in the morning and evening or in rainy weather. After the cuttage is finished and the water is thoroughly poured, the small arched shed film must be sealed for 50 days, so that the effects of heat preservation and moisture preservation are achieved.
After 50 days of cuttage, opening a small arched shed to observe the cuttage situation, finishing weeding, watering, spraying a carbendazim solution, and then continuously covering a small arched shed film and a sunshade net (spraying 500 times of carbendazim or 1000 times of thiophanate methyl aqueous solution for 1 time alternately every 7-10 days).
Counting: new roots of the rhododendron after 50 days of cuttage begin to grow, the rooting rate reaches more than 95%, the root system is developed, and a root system with the length of 2-3cm is formed at the base of the cutting shoot without diseases and insect pests.
Transplanting the cutting when the cutting roots more than 5 and the root system length more than 2 cm. The transplanting medium is a mixture of peat, perlite and vermiculite in a volume ratio of 2:1: 1. After transplanting, the seedlings are firstly placed under a shadow shed with 50 percent of sun shading rate for 30-40 days, and then are gradually planted in the open air. Watering according to the dry humidity of the culture medium, and the transplanting survival rate reaches more than 98 percent.
Example 2
Test materials: east ocean azalea
Test time: 2016 (8 months and 25 days)
Test site: wuhan city forest and fruit zheng shop base
(1) Preparing a site:
cutting seedbed specification: the cutting seedbed is arranged in the large arched shed and adopts a brick-concrete structure, the height of the cutting seedbed is 20cm, the width of the cutting seedbed is 120cm, and the length of the cutting seedbed is 6 meters (determined according to the length of the arched shed).
Cutting seedbed material requirement: mixing the seedling bed matrix with yellow loam and sandy soil in a volume ratio of 1:1, raking the mixture to smooth the seedling bed by light pressure, and watering the seedling bed thoroughly; after the seedbed is manufactured, 500 times of carbendazim aqueous solution is used for spraying and disinfecting the substrate and the surrounding environment.
(2) Selecting and shearing cutting shoots:
selecting 5-year-old strong east ocean rhododendron plants without diseases and insect pests as stock plants of cutting slips, cutting off semi-lignified new branches with high lignification degree of the current year from the stock plants as cutting slip materials, cutting the cutting slip materials into cutting slips with the length of 8-10cm, keeping 3-4 nodes for each cutting slip, cutting off tender shoots within the range of 1cm from the top of the cutting slip, removing leaves at the base of the cutting slip, keeping 3-4 leaves at the top, subtracting 1/3 from the leaves to reduce water evaporation, cutting off a section of 0.5cm from the position 2cm from the base of the cutting slip by using a grafting knife, wherein the cut is a 45-degree inclined plane, so that the water absorption capacity of the cutting slip is enhanced, and rooting is facilitated.
(3) And (3) cutting treatment:
weighing 100g of dry whole plant of the euphorbia humifusa, adding water according to the mass ratio of 1:20, decocting for 2h, filtering, cooling the decoction, adding purified water to dilute the decoction into rooting solution of 5g of raw materials per L, and soaking the cut slips after pruning in the rooting solution for 1.5 h.
(4) Cutting
And (2) wetting the treated cutting slips with clear water, inserting the treated cutting slips into the seedbed prepared in the step (1), obliquely inserting the cutting slips into a matrix at an angle of 45 degrees, wherein the cutting depth is 2/3 of the length of the cutting slips, pouring 500 times of carbendazim solution after cutting, and spraying water thoroughly.
(5) Post-cuttage management
A small arched shed is built on a cutting seedling bed, the small arched shed is covered by a thin film, a sunshade net of 70-90% is additionally covered at the position of 30cm above the arched shed, meanwhile, the sunshade net is covered on the large arched shed, and the temperature and the humidity in the small arched shed are kept (the temperature is not more than 32 ℃, and the humidity is kept at 80% -90%).
When the temperature is higher than 32 ℃, uncovering a plastic film of the large arched shed in time, and spraying water to cool down, wherein the sunshade net with the sunshade rate of 90 percent is used in the large arched shed; when the temperature is 20-28 ℃, a sunshade net with the sunshade rate of 60-75% is used; when the temperature is lower than 20 ℃, the sunshade net can be uncovered. A sunshade net may not be needed in the morning and evening or in rainy weather. After the cuttage is finished and the water is thoroughly poured, the small arched shed film must be sealed for 50 days, so that the effects of heat preservation and moisture preservation are achieved.
After 50 days of cuttage, opening a small arched shed to observe the cuttage situation, finishing weeding, watering, spraying a carbendazim solution, and then continuously covering a small arched shed film and a sunshade net (spraying 500 times of carbendazim or 1000 times of thiophanate methyl aqueous solution for 1 time alternately every 7-10 days).
Counting: new roots of the rhododendron after 50 days of cutting begin to grow, the rooting rate reaches more than 98%, the root system is developed, and a root system with the length of 2-3cm is formed at the base of the cutting slips and has no diseases or insect pests.
Transplanting the cutting when the cutting roots more than 5 and the root system length more than 2 cm. The transplanting medium is a mixture of peat, perlite and vermiculite in a volume ratio of 3:1: 1. Placing under a shed with shading rate of 40% for 30-40 days, and planting in open air. Watering according to the dryness and humidity of the culture medium. The transplanting survival rate reaches 99 percent.
Comparative example 1
Test materials: east ocean azalea
Test time: 2016 (6 months) and 18 days
Test site: wuhan city agriculture department forest fruit institute Wuhu base
The procedure of example 1 was followed except for the step (3).
And (3): dissolving 1 g of ABT rooting powder with 100g of 65-70% (volume fraction) alcohol, adding 10 kg of clear water, uniformly mixing, and soaking the collected cutting slips in a rooting solution for 1 hour.
Counting: after 60 days of cutting, new roots grow out from the east ocean rhododendron, the rooting rate is lower than 70%, the roots are sparse, 0.5-2cm long roots are formed at the base of the cutting slips, and the seedlings do not have diseases and insect pests.
Transplanting the cutting when the cutting roots more than 5 and the root system length more than 2 cm. The transplanting medium is a mixture of peat, perlite and vermiculite in a volume ratio of 2:1: 1. After transplanting, the seedlings are firstly placed under a shadow shed with 50 percent of sun shading rate for 30-40 days, and then are gradually planted in the open air. Watering according to the dry humidity of the culture medium, and the transplanting survival rate reaches about 75 percent.
Claims (6)
1. The cutting propagation method of rhododendron within the high-temperature region in summer is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) cutting period: selecting from 6 middle to 7 top of month or 8 top of month to 9 top of month;
(2) preparing a cutting seedbed: preparing a cutting seedbed in a plastic greenhouse, selecting a wide and flat field with convenient drainage in the greenhouse as a bed, wherein the width of the bed is 1.2-1.5m, and the seedbed is made of yellow loam: the sandy soil is mixed soil with the volume ratio of 1 (0.8-1.3), is spread horizontally, has the thickness of 15-20cm, and is used for disinfecting and sterilizing the seedbed;
(3) selecting and shearing cutting shoots: selecting 3-10-year-old east ocean rhododendron plants as stock plants, cutting branches which are semi-lignified and have higher lignification degree in the current year as cutting slips, and cutting the slips into 8-10cm cuttings, wherein each cutting slip keeps 3-4 knots;
(4) pre-treating the cutting: soaking the cut shoots in rooting solution for over 1 hour (no more than 2 hours), wherein the rooting solution is water decoction of Delphinium anthracifolium Hance;
(5) cuttage: immediately inserting the treated cutting slips into the seedbed prepared in the step (2), watering 500 times of carbendazim aqueous solution after cutting, and spraying water thoroughly;
(6) managing after cuttage: building a small arched shed on the seedbed, covering the small arched shed with a film, covering a sunshade net on the small arched shed at the height of 25-35cm, and simultaneously covering the sunshade net on the film of the greenhouse in the step (2), wherein the temperature in the greenhouse is kept not to exceed 32 ℃, and the humidity is kept between 80 and 90 percent; after the cuttage is finished and the water is thoroughly poured, the small arched shed film is sealed for 45-52 days, and then the water is regularly poured and the insecticide and bactericide is sprayed;
the rooting solution in the step (4) is prepared by the following method: weighing dry whole plant of the leucas mollissima, adding water according to the mass ratio of 1 (15-25), decocting for 1.5-2h, filtering, cooling the decoction, adding purified water, and diluting into rooting solution of 5g raw material/L.
2. The method for cutting propagation of rhododendron in hot summer areas according to claim 1, wherein the yellow soil in step (2) has a particle size of less than 3 mm.
3. The cutting propagation method for rhododendron within the high-temperature summer area according to claim 1, wherein the disinfection and sterilization mode of the seedbed in the step (2) is to spray 500 times of the aqueous solution of carbendazim.
4. The cutting propagation method of rhododendron eastern China in high temperature summer according to claim 1, characterized in that the scions in step (3) are cut in such a way that shoots of the scions are cut within 1cm from the top, and 0.5-1.0cm is cut at an included angle of 45 ° at the base.
5. The cutting propagation method for rhododendron eastern high-temperature region in summer according to claim 1, wherein each cutting shoot in step (3) keeps 3-4 nodes, 2-4 leaves are kept at the top, and 1/4-2/3 of the whole leaves are kept in each leaf.
6. The cutting propagation method for rhododendron eastern China in high temperature summer according to claim 1, characterized in that, in step (5), the cutting depth of the cutting shoot is 60% -70% of the cutting shoot length, and the cutting shoot is obliquely inserted into the seedbed at an angle of 40-50 degrees.
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CN106358511A (en) * | 2016-08-25 | 2017-02-01 | 平顶山学院 | Cuttage cultivation method for azalea |
CN106900329A (en) * | 2017-03-03 | 2017-06-30 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院花卉研究所 | The method of camellia azalea cuttage and quick-propagation |
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