CN112237101A - Light-weight efficient ramie cutting seedling method - Google Patents
Light-weight efficient ramie cutting seedling method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112237101A CN112237101A CN201910654070.1A CN201910654070A CN112237101A CN 112237101 A CN112237101 A CN 112237101A CN 201910654070 A CN201910654070 A CN 201910654070A CN 112237101 A CN112237101 A CN 112237101A
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- 240000008564 Boehmeria nivea Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 107
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 90
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 241001330002 Bambuseae Species 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000645 desinfectant Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbendazim Natural products C1=CC=C2NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbendazim Chemical compound C1=C[CH]C2=NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000006013 carbendazim Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002054 transplantation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-OVSJKPMPSA-N all-trans-retinol Chemical compound OC\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-OVSJKPMPSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 230000002354 daily effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 239000005747 Chlorothalonil Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011717 all-trans-retinol Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 235000019169 all-trans-retinol Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims 1
- CRQQGFGUEAVUIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorothalonil Chemical compound ClC1=C(Cl)C(C#N)=C(Cl)C(C#N)=C1Cl CRQQGFGUEAVUIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009333 weeding Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 4
- 239000005802 Mancozeb Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000003020 moisturizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000029553 photosynthesis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010672 photosynthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000243 photosynthetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/10—Vegetative propagation by means of cuttings
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture, and particularly relates to a light and efficient ramie cutting seedling method. The seedling culture process mainly comprises the following steps: preparing cutting slips, sterilizing, cutting, managing seedling, transplanting and the like. The method aims to provide a light and efficient ramie cutting seedling raising technology, is convenient to operate and low in cost, can reduce the use amount of water resources and the repeated use of bamboo skin, a sunshade net and a white film in the using process, reduces the resource waste, and realizes the purposes of reducing the labor intensity and reducing the production cost.
Description
The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture, and particularly relates to a light and efficient ramie cutting seedling method.
Background
The ramie is an ancient fiber crop in China, has a long planting history, and currently, the planting area and the raw material yield of the ramie account for more than 95% of the world and are in an advantage position. With the development of comprehensive utilization of ramie and the rising price of ramie fibers, the ramie is widely applied to the industries of textile, livestock raising, edible fungi, energy and the like, various ramie products are in short supply, and huge development space and opportunities are provided for ramie production.
The traditional ramie tender shoot cuttage is to promote lateral buds after the top advantages of ramie in an aged ramie garden are removed by a topping method, and collect, process and cuttage are carried out after the lateral buds grow to a certain length. The method has the advantages of complex operation, high labor intensity, more labor, slow ramie rooting, long seedling stage time, low survival rate of ramie cutting seedlings and low transplanting survival rate. Therefore, the development of a light and efficient ramie cutting seedling method which is simple in operation, low in cost, efficient in operation and needs to be developed; in view of the above, the present invention is particularly proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a light and efficient ramie cutting seedling raising method, which is improved on the basis of the traditional ramie cutting method, explores a mature technology in the links of ramie cutting shoot preparation, temperature and humidity control management of a ramie cutting seedbed and the like, is favorable for greatly improving the ramie survival rate, shortening the seedling raising period and reducing the seedling raising labor cost, particularly saves a large amount of labor in the preparation of ramie cutting shoots, and realizes light and efficient ramie cutting seedling raising.
In order to realize the purpose of the invention, the light and efficient ramie cutting seedling method comprises the following steps:
1) preparing a cutting seedbed: the sandy soil with high and flat terrain, leeward and sunny exposure and good drainage is preferably selected. Removing impurities such as weeds on the soil surface and ploughing. The width of the seedbed is 1.5m (0.5 m of a ditch);
2) topping the ramie female parent: removing the growing points of the stem tips of the main shoots of the plants 15 days before cuttage, simultaneously increasing quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer, irregularly removing new and large blades, enhancing illumination and promoting the germination and growth of lateral branches;
3) selecting time of ramie cutting: the ramie seedlings grow for a long period from 3 late ten days to 6 middle ten days, the temperature and the humidity of the period are proper, the survival rate of the ramie seedlings after cuttage is high, the ramie seedlings grow robustly, and the survival rate of transplanted fields is high;
4) selecting ramie cutting slips: selecting the tender tips of the ramie with the length of 8-15cm, slightly cutting the ramie with a blade for 10cm if the tender tips of the ramie with the length of more than 15cm are forced to be below the fork openings of the trunk and the side branches, and reducing a large amount of labor force without removing ramie leaves;
5) ramie cutting disinfection: directly soaking the selected ramie cuttings in 800 times of 500-fold carbendazim or mancozeb solution for 3-5 minutes;
6) ramie cutting: guiding the holes with small bamboo splits or small bamboo rows, putting the ramie cutting slips into the small holes, wherein the depth is 3-5cm, and the cutting density (plant-row spacing) is 10cm multiplied by 10 cm;
7) spraying a disinfectant on the seedbed: after the ramie cutting is well planted, spraying 500-800 times of carbendazim solution or mancozeb solution on the seedbed, wherein a small amount of water is accumulated on the surface of the seedbed or 2-4kg of disinfectant is sprayed per square meter;
8) covering the seedbed with a double-layer film: directly covering a layer of white mulching film on the ramie cutting, compacting the periphery of the white mulching film by soil or small stones, inserting a row of bamboo splits on the seedbed at a distance of 50-70cm, and covering a layer of white film on the bamboo splits, so that the effects of heat preservation and moisture preservation can be achieved;
9) seedbed management: covering a layer of black sunshade net at 7 am in sunny days, and removing the sunshade net at 6 pm; the sunshade net is not covered on the cloudy day; the ramie cutting shoots are properly subjected to photosynthesis;
10) ramie seedling hardening: generally, about 10 days, when most of the young roots occur at the bottom of the cutting, 2 layers of films are removed, and a sunshade net is covered in the daytime to harden the seedlings. The sunshade net can be removed after 3 to 4 days;
11) transplanting ramie seedlings in a field: generally, after about 15-20 days after cuttage, after the seedlings are hardened successfully, the ramie is transplanted in rainy days, and the survival rate of ramie transplantation is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of the ramie cutting facility of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic side view of the ramie cutting installation of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the ramie cutting device of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a black and white chart of ramie seedling entity successfully cuttage by the technology of the invention
The reference numerals in the figures denote:
1. cutting ramie seedlings; 2. a first white film; 3. bamboo splits; 4. a second film layer; 5. a sunshade net; 6 and 7, cutting 13 days of ramie seedlings in the test mode; 8. the ramie seedlings are planted for 20 days in the test mode.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated with reference to specific embodiments.
Compared with the conventional ramie tender tip cutting seedling method, the method for carrying out the light-weight high-efficiency ramie cutting seedling in the ramie test base of agricultural science research institute of Yichun city, Jiangxi province and 5 months in 2019 is specifically described as follows:
1) preparing a cutting seedbed: the sandy soil with high and flat terrain, leeward and sunny exposure and good drainage is preferably selected. Removing impurities such as weeds on the soil surface and ploughing. The width of the seedbed is 1.5m (0.5 m of a ditch);
2) topping the ramie female parent: removing the growing points of the stem tips of the main shoots of the plants 15 days before cuttage, simultaneously increasing quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer, irregularly removing new and large blades, enhancing illumination and promoting the germination and growth of lateral branches;
3) selecting time of ramie cutting: the ramie seedlings grow for a long period from 3 late ten days to 6 middle ten days, the temperature and the humidity of the period are proper, the survival rate of the ramie seedlings after cuttage is high, the ramie seedlings grow robustly, and the survival rate of transplanted fields is high;
4) selecting ramie cutting slips: selecting the tender tips of the ramie with the length of 8-15cm, slightly cutting under force at the fork openings of the trunk and the lateral branches, and cutting with a blade to a length of 10cm if the length exceeds 15cm without removing the ramie leaves. The conventional ramie cutting method needs to cut off the leaves of each cutting shoot and only leaves 2 small leaves of the tip, so that the work is doubled;
5) ramie cutting disinfection: directly soaking the selected ramie cuttings in 800 times of 500-fold carbendazim or mancozeb solution for 3-5 minutes;
6) ramie cutting: guiding the holes with small bamboo splits or small bamboo rows, putting the ramie cutting slips into the small holes, wherein the depth is 3-5cm, and the cutting density (plant-row spacing) is 10cm multiplied by 10 cm;
7) spraying a disinfectant on the seedbed: after the ramie cutting is well planted, spraying 500-800 times of carbendazim solution or mancozeb solution on the seedbed, wherein a small amount of water is accumulated on the surface of the seedbed or 2-4kg of disinfectant is sprayed per square meter;
8) covering the seedbed with a double-layer film: directly covering a layer of white mulching film on the ramie cutting, compacting the periphery of the ramie cutting by soil or small stone blocks, inserting a row of bamboo arch stripes on the seedbed at a distance of 50-70cm, and covering a layer of white film on the bamboo arch stripes to play a role in heat preservation and moisture preservation. In the conventional ramie cutting seedling raising, only a white thin film is covered on a bamboo arch bamboo strip. Compared with the conventional cuttage technology, the test treatment has the data of heat preservation and moisture preservation shown in tables 1 and 2, and the result shows that the test can keep the temperature of the air in the film at about 20-30 ℃ and the humidity of the air in the film at 80-90%;
9) seedbed management: covering a layer of black sunshade net at 7 am in sunny days, and removing the sunshade net at 6 pm; the sunshade net is not covered on the cloudy day; the ramie cutting shoots can be properly photosynthetic. A layer of gunny bags are covered on the sunshade net by the conventional cuttage technology, and the watering is carried out once per hour in the daytime, so that the humidity of the gunny bags is kept, the effects of cooling and moisturizing are achieved, and the labor capacity is doubled again; compared with the prior art, the cutting technology after improvement reduces two thirds of the labor amount, and the conditions are shown in the table 3;
10) ramie seedling hardening: generally, about 10 days, when most of the young roots occur at the bottom of the cutting, 2 layers of films are removed, and a sunshade net is covered in the daytime to harden the seedlings. The sunshade net can be removed after 3 to 4 days;
11) transplanting ramie seedlings in a field: generally, after about 15-20 days after cuttage, after the seedlings are hardened successfully, the ramie is transplanted in rainy days, and the survival rate of ramie transplantation is improved. The table 4 shows the growth characteristics of the ramie cutting seedlings and the transplanting survival rate.
TABLE 1 air temperature data in white film
TABLE 2 moisture data sheet on ramie cutting
TABLE 3 labor force usage of different cutting methods (calculation for each mu of cutting ramie seedling)
TABLE 4 Ramie cutting seedling growth character questionnaire (after 20 days)
Claims (8)
1. A light and efficient ramie cutting seedling method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
preparing a ramie seedling raising base: before seedling culture, turning over, weeding and ridging are carried out on the seedling culture base, so that smooth drainage is ensured;
preparing cutting slips: selecting strong and non-lignified ramie tender tips or lateral branches, cutting the branches into cutting slips with the length of 8-15cm, and reserving leaves;
and (3) disinfection: soaking the prepared cutting slips into disinfectant for disinfection for 3-5 minutes;
cuttage: directly cutting the cutting slips in a seedbed, and spraying disinfectant liquid water;
covering a film: covering a film on the ramie cutting, then inserting a thin bamboo strip to cover another film, and finally covering a sunshade net;
daily management: covering a sunshade net in the morning every day, and uncovering the sunshade net in the evening;
ramie seedling hardening: generally, about 10 days, when most of young roots occur at the bottom of the cutting, removing 2 layers of films, covering a sunshade net in the daytime for hardening seedlings, and removing the sunshade net after 3-4 days;
transplanting ramie seedlings in a field: generally, after about 15-20 days after cuttage, after the seedlings are hardened successfully, the ramie is transplanted in rainy days, and the survival rate of ramie transplantation is improved.
2. The method for raising ramie seedlings by cutting according to claim 1, wherein the ramie raising base has high water permeability in sandy loam.
3. The method for raising ramie seedlings by cutting according to claim 2, wherein the ramie cutting is a lateral branch which grows after the top of a ramie plant is removed, and the top removal is carried out 15-20 days before the cutting.
4. The method for raising ramie seedlings by cutting according to claim 2, wherein the ramie cutting is carried out under lateral branches of a ramie plant, leaves are reserved, and the length of the cutting is 8-15cm without any treatment; the operation saves a large amount of labor cost on the original cutting technology, and is one of the innovation points of the technology.
5. The method for raising seedlings of ramie by cutting as claimed in claim 3, wherein the disinfectant is 500-800 times aqueous solution prepared from carbendazim, chlorothalonil or zineb.
6. The method for raising ramie seedlings by cutting according to claim 4, wherein the cutting mode includes single-hole cutting of the thin bamboo strips and multiple-hole cutting of the bamboo raft, and the seedling bed is drenched with a disinfectant after the cutting.
7. The method for raising ramie seedlings by cutting according to claim 5, wherein a layer of white film is directly covered on the ramie cutting, and then a layer of bamboo skin is inserted to cover another layer of white film, and finally a black sunshade net is covered; the operation can ensure that the air humidity of the ramie cutting slips is 80-90% and the air temperature is 20-30 ℃, can save labor for daily watering and cooling after cutting, and is one of innovation points of the technology.
8. The method for raising ramie seedlings by cutting according to claim 6, wherein a sunshade net is covered every morning and removed every evening; aims to supplement the illumination of ramie cutting and promote the ramie cutting to rapidly take root.
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| CN201910654070.1A CN112237101A (en) | 2019-07-19 | 2019-07-19 | Light-weight efficient ramie cutting seedling method |
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| CN201910654070.1A CN112237101A (en) | 2019-07-19 | 2019-07-19 | Light-weight efficient ramie cutting seedling method |
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103430766A (en) * | 2013-09-25 | 2013-12-11 | 江西省宜春市农业科学研究所 | Seedling-raising and propagation method of ramie |
| CN105284391A (en) * | 2015-11-20 | 2016-02-03 | 中国农业科学院麻类研究所 | Fast cutting propagation method for urtica triangularis |
| CN107318421A (en) * | 2017-07-10 | 2017-11-07 | 武汉市农业科学技术研究院林业果树科学研究所 | The cuttage breeding method of summer high temperature area Japan cuckoo |
| CN109716944A (en) * | 2019-03-18 | 2019-05-07 | 中国农业科学院麻类研究所 | A kind of ramie cuttage breeding method |
-
2019
- 2019-07-19 CN CN201910654070.1A patent/CN112237101A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103430766A (en) * | 2013-09-25 | 2013-12-11 | 江西省宜春市农业科学研究所 | Seedling-raising and propagation method of ramie |
| CN105284391A (en) * | 2015-11-20 | 2016-02-03 | 中国农业科学院麻类研究所 | Fast cutting propagation method for urtica triangularis |
| CN107318421A (en) * | 2017-07-10 | 2017-11-07 | 武汉市农业科学技术研究院林业果树科学研究所 | The cuttage breeding method of summer high temperature area Japan cuckoo |
| CN109716944A (en) * | 2019-03-18 | 2019-05-07 | 中国农业科学院麻类研究所 | A kind of ramie cuttage breeding method |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 上海市农科院作物所: "苎麻侧枝的调温保湿扦插技术", 《上海农业科技》 * |
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Application publication date: 20210119 |