CN116491358A - A kind of mountain silver flower ecological planting method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an ecological planting method of Lismus chinensis, which is developed based on the principles of "ecological technology" and "biological community". It cultivates soil beneficial microorganisms and small micro-animals to create soil nitrogen fixation, phosphorus release, and potassium fixation functions; The "grass control plan" to support the growth of the "dominant species" and the growth of the lower "ground cover" and "nurture the land with grass" make the cultivated layer a water-absorbing "sponge layer", nutrient storage and "slow-release reservoir", and promote the "soil" Carbon-increasing and fertilizing", above-ground "advantageous ecological niche" + underground "beneficial microorganisms + micro-animals" of animals, plants, and microorganisms "three things" balance the ecological planting environment, reducing the harm of mountain silver flower disease, insects, grasses and pesticides , the amount of chemical fertilizers, from the key technical links of site selection and preparation, seedling transplanting, daily management, plastic pruning, ecological control of diseases, insect pests and weeds, and harvesting to solve the "bottleneck" of mountain silver flower ecological planting technology and excessive use of chemical fertilizers and herbicides, soil Hardening, easy seedling death, and premature aging.

Description

A kind of mountain silver flower ecological planting method

technical field

The invention relates to the field of planting technology of japonica, in particular to an ecological planting method of japonica.

Background technique

Mountain (golden) silver flower has the functions of clearing away heat and detoxification, evacuating wind-heat, etc. It is an irreplaceable phytobacteriac, and it is an important component drug in the prevention and control of previous epidemics. From the 2005 edition of "Chinese Pharmacopoeia", honeysuckle and mountain silver flower are listed separately, and mountain silver flower includes honeysuckle gray felt, honeysuckle red gland, honeysuckle south China and honeysuckle yellow brown. Hunan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Chongqing, Guangxi, Hubei, Guangdong, Jiangxi, as well as Zhejiang, Fujian and other provinces and cities are widely planted. Mountain silver flower has been listed as a major variety in Hunan, Guizhou, Guangxi and other provinces, with outstanding industrial status. However, at present, the planting and management of Limonosa japonicus is extensive, and the cultivation methods are basically based on the experience of farmers. There is no uniform standard for the amount of fertilizer, seed, and seedlings. Extensive application of chemical fertilizers directly leads to soil compaction, reduced air permeability, and increased root diseases and insect pests. , root rot is very serious, and nematode damage is very common; in order to control weed damage, a large amount of chemical herbicides are used, which seriously damages the ecological conditions for the growth of mountain silver flower. The yield and quality of Lilynja japonica and the sustainable development of the Lilynja japonicus industry, the survival time of the existing planting of Lilynja japonicus is almost between 3 to 5 years, which leads to the limitation of the economic benefits of Lily japonicus.

Contents of the invention

In order to solve the problems in the prior art that planting techniques of Silver Flos Chrysanthemum are extensive, resulting in dead seedlings and premature senility, which are unfavorable to sustainable development, the invention provides an ecological planting method of Silver Flos.

The technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of mountain silver flower ecological planting method, comprises the following steps:

Step1. Land selection and land preparation; the planting land is required to be sunny slope land with deep, loose, fertile and moist soil and high organic matter content. According to the different varieties of mountain silver flower, it should be planted in high-altitude areas above 800 meters and in middle-altitude areas below 800 meters. In low-altitude areas; mountainous areas with slopes less than 15° may not use ladders. After clearing the surface, plow to a thickness of more than 45cm, and remove tree roots, grass roots, and stones with a diameter greater than 2cm; open a 1.0m-1.5m For the m-wide working road, a horizontal drainage ditch is opened along the inside of the working road, and a vertical drainage ditch is opened at the bottom of the valley along the mountain direction, and the horizontal drainage ditch is connected with the vertical drainage ditch. For mountainous areas with a slope greater than 15°, ladders shall be opened according to the mountain situation. The width of the ladder shall not be less than 2m, and the original topsoil of 20cm shall be covered on the terrace surface. A drainage ditch shall be opened for each ladder to connect with the vertical drainage ditch at the bottom of the valley;

Step2, transplant the seedlings; dig planting holes according to the row spacing of 2 meters and the plant spacing of 1.5-2 meters. After the soil is mixed well, cover the soil with 10cm, plant the seedlings, and after watering thoroughly, the overburden soil is in the shape of "turtle back". Make a plate to store water and keep moisture. The surface can be covered with black plastic film to retain water and suppress weeds or cover weeds without mature seeds; The suitable period for planting is March-May and July-September;

Step3. Field management; including intertillage and weeding, intertillage loosening, fertilization and irrigation water. The weeding process adopts manual weeding to remove large and strong "mangcao" plants, leaving short and wide-covering surface plants, which are cultivated into Thick surface plant cover, prohibiting the use of various herbicides;

Step4, plastic pruning; including dormant pruning, growth pruning and regular pruning;

Step5. Prevention and control of diseases, insect pests and weeds: Bordeaux mixture, calcium sulfur mixture and other safe pesticides are used to control diseases; aphids and whiteflies are controlled by spraying imidacloprid in the early stage of insect appearance, and other pests are controlled by spraying matrine + Bacillus thuringiensis in the early stage of insect appearance Prevention and control of weeds: By removing the dominant species whose plants are higher than the plant height of the mountain silver flower, retaining and cultivating the ground cover plants with short plants and wide coverage, and controlling other plants lower than the plant height of the mountain silver flower by pruning, it is convenient for the mountain silver flower to grow Lighting and ventilation;

Step6. Harvesting: Harvest according to different types of Lily japonicus. The flowering type Lily japonicus can be harvested when there are 70% buds, 30% flowering, and hanging needles of 3 to 5 cm; It can be harvested when the color of the buds is blue and yellow, and the hanging needles are more than 4 cm.

As a further improvement of the above technical solution:

Preferably, the step 3 intertillage weeding is carried out 2-3 times a year, once in spring and autumn and winter, and once in summer in rainy years. Weeding in autumn and winter is carried out in combination with clearing the garden. During the weeding process, pay attention to the depth of the rhizosphere to avoid root damage and affect growth.

Preferably, the time for cultivating and loosening the soil in the Step3 is 3 years after the planting of the Flos Lonicerae is completed.

Preferably, the specific steps of fertilizing in the Step3 are:

Step31, apply enough base fertilizer after planting;

Step32. After one year of planting and surviving the Limonosa japonica, topdress once in May-June, mainly with thin quick-acting fertilizer, which can be applied continuously for 2-3 times;

Step33. After the 2-year planting of Lissandra japonica, the plants have survived, topdressing 2-3 times a year, and selectively topdressing once in winter according to the soil and production conditions of Lissandra japonica, and collecting a large number of surface plant residues after clearing the garden for composting and retting. Organic fertilizer, combined with inorganic phosphorus fertilizer, potassium fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer or fermented cake fertilizer, to meet the nutrient requirements of the plant growth in the coming year;

Step34, during the rich production period of the japonicus, before the japonicus emerges, apply quick-acting potassium sulfate compound fertilizer or fermented quick-acting marsh fertilizer to the japonicus, and use fertilizers that are comprehensive and easy to absorb, and prevent the use of high-chlorine base fertilizers;

In Step31~Step33, organic fertilizers are mainly used, among which nitrogen fertilizers and phosphorus fertilizers are the main ones.

Preferably, the time for pruning during the dormant period is from December to early March of the next year, mainly to cut off dead branches and cross branches and elongated branches that affect the shape of the tree, which can be carried out in conjunction with clearing the garden;

The time for pruning during the growth period is from May to early August, focusing on cutting off dense branches, diseased and insect branches, thin and weak branches, elongated branches, near-ground branches, and stolons, while topping, topping, and wiping buds;

The pruning requirements of the pruning in the dormant period and the pruning in the growth period are thinning and short cutting, ineffective thinning, pests, elongated branches, residual branches, short cut flowering branches, leaving 4-5 strong branches between nodes, and leaving middle branches. There are 2-3 branches, and the distance between branches is kept at 8cm-10cm.

Preferably, the requirements for the shaping are mainly umbrella-shaped trees, with a tree height of 1.2m-1.3m, a trunk height of 20cm-25cm, a crown width of 1.5m-2m, and uniform growth from the trunk height of 20cm-25cm. There are 5-6 main branches, layered or not layered, 3-4 side branches on each main branch, and 3-5 female knotted branches on the side branches.

Preferably, the method for controlling diseases, insect pests and weeds comprises the following steps:

Step51. Control of pests and diseases: choose sunny and dry weather to carry out plant pruning, improve the light transmission and ventilation of mountain silver flower plants through appropriate pruning, remove diseased and insect branches or remove diseased and insect leaves, and thoroughly remove shrubs and weeds around the park in winter and spring. Elimination of wintering sites for pests;

Disposal and removal of waste in the base park in a timely manner to keep the park clean;

Choose physical and biological control measures to maintain biodiversity in agro-ecosystems and provide habitat for natural enemies;

According to the actual situation, before the spring honeysuckle buds germinate, spray the low-level lime-sulfur mixture on the branches and vines of the mountain silver flower and the surrounding soil once to prevent pests and diseases;

Step52. Weed damage control: through the manual use of special weeding tools or a small amount of auxiliary agronomic measures, remove the weeds that affect the growth of Shanyinhua, and use grass to grow flowers through grass control to ensure the dominant population of Shanyinhua. Preferably, the special weeding tool includes a main mower and a side mower located on the side of the main mower, the main mower and the side mower are connected through a connection assembly, and the connection assembly is used for The side mower performs side-to-side movement.

Preferably, the connection assembly includes a connection frame, a connection rod, an auxiliary rod, a sliding plate, a linear guide rail, a slider, a distance control board, an electromagnet, a magnetic block, a magnetic rod, a return spring, an encoder and a signal processing system One end of the connecting frame is fixedly connected to the front end of the main mower, linear guide rails are fixedly arranged on the front and rear inner walls of the connecting frame, sliders slide on the linear guide rails, and two sliders are fixedly arranged on the two inner walls. A sliding plate, one side of the sliding plate is fixedly provided with a connecting rod and an auxiliary rod, the connecting rod and the auxiliary rod both penetrate and slide on one side of the connecting frame, the connecting rod is fixedly connected with the side mower, the The other side of the sliding plate is fixedly connected with a plurality of return springs and magnetic suction rods, the other end of the return spring is fixedly connected with the spacing control plate, and the front and rear ends of the connecting frame are provided with a plurality of spacing control groove groups. The two ends of the distance control board are clamped in the distance control groove group, the magnetic rod penetrates and slides on the distance control board, the other end of the magnetic rod is fixed with a magnetic block, and the other end of the connecting frame inner wall An electromagnet is arranged on the side, and the electromagnet is arranged opposite to the magnetic block, and the electromagnet is electrically connected to the signal processing system, and the collection shaft of the encoder is connected to the center of the moving wheel of the side lawnmower. The shell of the encoder is fixedly arranged on the shell of the side mower through the connecting frame, the encoder is electrically connected to the signal processing system, and the signal processing system is electrically connected to the power supply of the main mower.

Preferably, in the Step6, after the flowers are picked, one catty of vegetable fertilizer is applied to each mature plant, and half a catty of vegetable fertilizer is applied to each small plant.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. Compared with the existing planting methods, the planting method of Lissaceae provided by the present invention is a kind of ecological planting method of Lissaceae developed based on the principle of "ecological technology" and "biological community", which cultivates soil beneficial microorganisms and small microorganisms. Animals create the functions of soil nitrogen fixation, phosphorus release, and potassium fixation; by adopting a "grass control plan" that inhibits the growth of "dominant species" in the upper layer and supports the growth of "ground cover plants" in the lower layer, and "raises the land with grass", the cultivated layer becomes a water-absorbing environment. "Sponge layer", nutrient storage and "slow-release storage", the soil can "increase carbon and fertilize", the above-ground "dominant ecological niche" + underground "beneficial microorganisms + micro-animals" balance of animals, plants and microorganisms Ecological planting environment, reducing the harm of silver flower disease, insects and weeds and the amount of pesticides and fertilizers, from the key technologies of land silver flower selection and soil preparation, seedling transplanting, daily management, plastic pruning, ecological control of diseases, insect pests and weeds, and harvesting The link solves the technical difficulties in the ecological planting of Lilywood, solves the problems of excessive use of chemical fertilizers and herbicides, soil compaction, easy death of seedlings, and premature aging, improves the yield and quality of Lilywood, and reduces the need for construction of Lilycynic planting bases. and management costs, improving economic benefits. Using this method through three years of ecological planting, the current average flower yield per mu has reached 1,500 jin, and high-yield areas can reach 2,000 jin. The content of chlorogenic acid in flowers is much higher than the pharmacopoeia standard and has not been detected. Pesticide ingredients can effectively realize the cultivation of high-yield and high-quality Jasmine Jasmine under ecological cultivation. At the same time, compared with the conventional planting method of Jasmine Jasmine, the Jasmine Jasmine of the present invention has fewer dead seedlings and premature aging, which is conducive to the sustainable development of Jasmine Jasmine .

2. The special weeding tool provided by the present invention combines two lawn mowers, and is designed for the planting topography of the mountain silver flower. The main lawn mower is used to cut off the weeds outside the mountain silver flower in a straight line, and the side lawn mower is used It is suitable for cutting the weeds between two adjacent mountain silver flower trees, and under the action of the connecting component, the side mower can move left and right without moving the main mower during the movement process, avoiding the mountain Silverflower trees, thus achieving the effect of one-time mowing, without turning back to cut off the weeds between adjacent silverflower trees, improving the efficiency of the mowing process, and giving the staff convenience in the mowing process.

Description of drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only These are some embodiments of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative work.

Fig. 1 is the top view three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of the special weeding tool of embodiment 2 of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the enlarged structure of area A in Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the special weeding tool according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

Reference signs: 1, main mower; 2, side mower; 3, connecting frame; 4, connecting rod; 5, auxiliary rod; 6, sliding plate; 7, linear guide rail; 8, slider; 9, Distance control board; 10. Electromagnet; 11. Magnetic block; 12. Magnetic rod; 13. Return spring; 14. Encoder; 15. Signal processing system device; 16. Connecting frame;

Detailed ways

The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientations or positional relationships indicated by "front", "rear", "left", "right", "upper" and "lower" in terms are based on those shown in the accompanying drawings. Orientation or positional relationship is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be construed as a limitation of the present invention. The technical solutions of the various embodiments in the present invention can be combined, and the technical features in the embodiments can also be combined to form new technical solutions.

The specific steps of the technical solution provided by the present invention are described as follows:

1. Land selection and land preparation

The planting land is required to be sunny slopes with deep, loose, fertile and moist soil and high organic matter content. Mountain silver flowers should be planted in high-altitude areas above 800 meters above sea level according to the species (such as yellow brown honeysuckle and gray felt honeysuckle) And in the middle and low altitude areas below 800 meters above sea level (such as red glandular honeysuckle and South China honeysuckle), the varieties are determined to be suitable for cultivation after adjusting the altitude, slope aspect and other conditions, and adjust measures according to local conditions and time. For mountainous areas with a slope less than 15°, ladders may not be used. After clearing the surface, plow to a thickness of more than 45cm, and remove tree roots, grass roots, and stones with a diameter greater than 2cm; open a 1.0m-1.5m wide work every 20m along the horizontal line A horizontal drainage ditch is opened along the working road, a vertical drainage ditch is opened at the bottom of the valley along the mountain, and the horizontal drainage ditch is connected with the vertical drainage ditch. For mountainous areas with a slope greater than 15°, ladders shall be opened according to the mountain situation. The width of the ladder shall not be less than 2m, and 20cm of original topsoil shall be covered on the terrace.

2. Seedling transplanting

Dig the planting holes according to the row spacing of 2 meters and the plant spacing of 1.5-2 meters. The width and depth of the holes are more than 40 cm. Apply 1.5-2.5 kg of organic fertilizer to each hole, or 0.5 kg of refined organic fertilizer such as rapeseed, mix well with the soil, and cover with soil. 10cm, plant seedlings, after watering thoroughly, the overburden soil is in the shape of "turtle back", make a plate, store water and protect moisture, the surface can be covered with black plastic film to retain water and suppress grass or cover weeds without mature seeds, cover the slope with soil, after watering thoroughly , Cultivate soil to protect moisture; the suitable period for planting is March-May and July-September, and autumn is the best.

3. Field management

Cultivation and weeding: 2-3 times a year, once in spring and autumn and winter, and once in summer in rainy years, weeding in autumn and winter combined with clearing the garden. Pay attention to the depth of the rhizosphere when weeding, near shallow and far deep. And avoid root damage to affect growth. After 3 years of planting, the soil gradually compacted, and one intertillage was required to loosen the soil. Weeding adopts manual weeding to remove the large and strong "mangcao" and leave short and wide-covering surface plants to cultivate a thick surface plant covering layer. The use of various herbicides is prohibited. Fertilization: Enough basal fertilizer should be applied and topdressing should be applied as needed. The topdressing fertilizer is mainly organic fertilizer, and the demand for nitrogen fertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer is relatively large. After the plants survive in the first year after planting, topdress once in May-June, mainly topdressing thin quick-acting fertilizer, which can be applied continuously for 2-3 times; from the second year, topdress fertilizer 2-3 times a year, in winter according to Production status Topdressing once, with a large amount of surface plant residues collected after clearing the garden, composting and retting to become organic fertilizer, and applying inorganic phosphorus fertilizer, potassium fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer or fermented cake fertilizer to meet the nutrient requirements of the plant growth in the coming year; In the early stage, it is necessary to apply quick-acting potassium sulfate compound fertilizer or fermented quick-acting biogas fertilizer and other nutritious and easy-to-absorb fertilizers to the mountain silver flower before budding, and prevent the use of high-chlorine-based fertilizers.

Drainage and irrigation water: In case of drought, it should be watered in time, in case of waterlogging, it should be drained in time, and in other periods, it should be watered in time according to the moisture content.

4. Plastic pruning

Dormant period pruning: from December to early March of the next year, focusing on cutting off dead branches and cross branches that affect the shape of the tree, and elongated branches, which can be combined with clearing the garden.

Growth period pruning: The growth period pruning is carried out from May to early August, mainly to cut off dense branches, diseased and insect branches, thin and weak branches, elongated branches, near-ground branches, and creeping branches, while topping, topping, and wiping buds.

Pruning points: Thinning and cutting short. Thinning invalid, pests, leggy branches, residual branches, short flowering branches. Leave 4-5 between nodes for strong branches, 2-3 for moderate branches, and keep the distance between branches at 8cm-10cm.

Shaping: In terms of production, the umbrella-shaped tree is the main form, with a tree height of 1.2m-1.3m, a trunk height of 20cm-25cm, and a crown width of 1.5m-2m. 5-6 main branches grow evenly from the height of 20cm to 25cm of the main trunk, layered or not layered, 3-4 side branches grow on each main branch, and 3-5 flower-bearing female branches grow on the side branches indivual.

5. Prevention and control of diseases, insect pests and weeds

Control: Strengthen agricultural control measures, rationally fertilize to improve plant nutrition balance and resistance level, choose sunny and dry weather to carry out plant pruning, improve light transmission and ventilation of mountain silver flower plants through appropriate pruning, and remove diseased and insect branches or Remove the diseased and pest leaves, thoroughly remove the shrubs and weeds around the park in winter and spring, eliminate the overwintering places of the pests, and promptly dispose of the waste in the base park to keep the park clean. Choose physical and biological control measures to maintain biodiversity in agroecosystems and provide habitat for natural enemies. According to the actual situation, before the spring honeysuckle buds germinate, spray the low-level lime-sulfur mixture on the honeysuckle branches and surrounding soil once to prevent pests and diseases.

Diseases are controlled by safe pesticides such as Bordeaux mixture and calcium sulfur mixture; aphids and whiteflies are controlled by spraying imidacloprid in the early stage of insect emergence, and other pests are controlled by spraying matrine + Bacillus thuringiensis in the early stage of insect emergence; weed damage is controlled by clearing plants For the dominant species higher than the plant height of Lilybush, retain and cultivate the ground cover plants with short plants and wide coverage, and control other plants lower than the plant height of Lilywood by pruning, so as to facilitate the lighting and ventilation of Lilybush plants; through artificial or A small amount of agronomic measures are assisted to remove the weeds that affect the growth of the mountain silver flower, and through the control of the grass, the flowers are raised with the grass to ensure the dominant population of the mountain silver flower.

6. Harvesting

The flowering type of Lilywood can be harvested when there are 70% of the buds, 30% of the flowers, and the hanging needles are 3 to 5 cm; the closed-flowering type of Lilywood can be harvested when the buds are green and yellow, and the hanging needles are more than 4 cm. . Before opening, pick from the outside to the inside, from bottom to top, and the picked buds are dried in the shade or at low temperature in time. In the later stage, the flowers, leaves, branches and vines can be mixed, and sorted after killing and drying.

The principle of the present invention: through the multi-factor comprehensive investigation of the fine wild environmental conditions of Lily japonicus, analyze the main factors and secondary factors that affect the growth of Lily japonicus, and combine the agronomic measures for the growth of Lily japonica plants under the cultivation conditions and the impact of the environment on Lily japonicus. The impact on growth, optimize the main agronomic measures that need to be adopted in the cultivation of high-yield and high-quality mountain silver flowers; through the establishment of a good biological community, improve the fertilizer and water use efficiency of mountain silver flowers: by controlling the population of excessively long weeds, reduce the height of ground cover plants, Cultivate nitrogen-fixing plant populations that are beneficial to the growth of Lissaceae, establish a ground cover plant community that coexists harmoniously with Lissaceae, and improve the construction of plant communities in Lissia plantation; High-quality organic fertilizers and chemical fertilizers" to increase the population of beneficial microbial communities in the soil, loosen the soil, improve the growth conditions of the root system of the mountain silver flower, and establish a "water-saving and fertilizer-saving" ecology of the high-quality mountain silver flower that "raises the land with grass" The planting mode establishes an accurate, ecological and efficient pest control mode through the analysis of the occurrence rules of diseases and insect pests and the existing control effects: use ultraviolet trapping lamps to trap and kill adult insects and reduce the number of pests in the medicine garden; Forecast the time of pest control; cooperate with agricultural aircraft to apply pesticides, use biological pesticides and low-toxicity pesticides, realize accurate and timely control of mountain silver flower pests and diseases, improve the efficiency of pest control, reduce losses caused by pests, and establish a mountain environment that focuses on ecological control. "Drug-saving" control technology for silver flower diseases and insect pests; through the influence of ecological factors such as light and temperature on the accumulation of iconic components such as chlorogenic acid in the silver flower, the principal component analysis method is used to analyze the main conditions affecting the formation of high-quality silver flower, and the establishment A model for selection of suitable areas for high-quality Shanyinhua production.

Example 1

Taking the 1,500-mu mountain silver flower ecological planting base at an altitude of about 1,300 meters in the Xiaoshajiang area of Longhui County as an example, the specific measures for land selection, weeding, fertilization and pesticide application are as follows:

1. The selected planting base should be cleaned according to the situation of the mountain, and the ladder should not be opened to prevent the ground vegetation from being broken;

2. Carry out artificial weeding three times a year in March and April, post-harvest and winter clearing period to remove ecological high-level weeds that will inhibit the growth of mountain silver flowers, protect the surface vegetation, and treat the trimmed grass on the spot as a base cover;

3. Appropriately apply quick-acting fertilizer according to the growth in March and April, and spray low-level lime-sulfur mixture on the branches and vines of the mountain silver flower and the surrounding soil once.

4. Other aspects are carried out according to the requirements of the above-mentioned ecological planting method.

After three years of ecological planting, and compared with the conventional planting method of mountain silver flower, the details of the comparison results are shown in the following table.

planting method ecological planting method conventional planting method Average yield per mu (kg/mu) 750 300～400 Pesticide content below control standard Over 70% of the control standard Chlorogenic acid content 4.2% 3.2% 3-year overall survival rate above 95 60%～70% Mortality rate less than 5% 30%～40% premature aging rate less than 5% more than 30%

By comparison of the above table data, it can be seen that the ecological planting method provided by the present invention has the following characteristics compared with conventional farmers relying on experience planting:

1. The output has been greatly improved. Although the average figure in the table is only 1,500 catties, the actual data shows that the output of high-yield areas is close to 2,000 catties. Therefore, the ecological planting method is in an advantageous position in terms of output.

2. From the perspective of pesticide content, because the ecological planting method provided by the present invention does not use pesticides to carry out desinsection and income increase to it, and the medicine that peasant households carry out desinsection and income increase for convenience is absorbed by the mountain silver flower in a small amount, therefore Cause the quality of Flos Japonica to be unstable, therefore adopt the method of the present invention to obtain Flos Lonicerae in better quality.

3. Although the content of chlorogenic acid in the flowers in the two Jasmine Japonicas all meets the Pharmacopoeia standard, the content of chlorogenic acid in the Jasmine Jasmine planted by the present invention is much higher than the Pharmacopoeia standard, so it can be seen that the quality is better excellent.

4. From the 3-year overall survival rate, dead seedling rate and premature senility rate, the present invention also greatly improves the survival rate, and this is only a 3-year data comparison. If the time is prolonged, the survival rate planted by the present invention It will tend to be stable, but the overall survival rate of the mountain silver flower planted by farmers will decline sharply in a parabola. Therefore, from the perspective of sustainable development, the present invention is better than the operation of conventional experience. In terms of rate of return, the ecological planting method of the present invention is better.

Example 2

During the planting process, due to the large planting area, it takes too long to weed with traditional lawnmowers, and the weeding staff need to go back and forth to weed, mainly between two adjacent mountain silver flowers. The weeds in between are cut out, which leads to low efficiency. Therefore, the research and development personnel have made improvements to the lawn mower, as follows:

As shown in accompanying drawings 1 to 3, the research and development personnel improved on the basis of conventional lawn mowers, and spliced two lawn mowers, one large and one small, one as the main lawn mower 1 and one as the side lawn mower. The main structure of the lawn mower 2, whether it is the main lawn mower 1 or the side lawn mower 2, is a motor with a power supply and a mowing blade fixedly connected under the output rod of the motor. A fixed frame is set on the main lawn mower 1. It is used to push forward, and four rolling rollers are set under the main lawn mower 1 and the side lawn mower 2, which are all conventional lawn mower structures. The connection method of the lawn mower has been improved;

A connecting frame 3 is welded by welding at the front end of the main lawn mower 1. Of course, other fixing methods can also be used. Parallel linear guide rails 7 are fixed on the front and rear inner walls of the connecting frame 3 by hexagon socket bolts, and on the linear guide rails There is a slider 8 sliding on the 7, and the two sides of the sliding plate 6 are passed through the bolts between the two sliders 8, so that the sliding plate 6 can slide on the linear guide rail 7;

The connecting rod 4 and the auxiliary rod 5 are welded on the side of the sliding plate 6 near the side mower 2, the connecting rod 4 and the auxiliary rod 5 all penetrate and slide on the side of the connecting frame 3, the connecting rod 4 and the side mower 2 The outer casing is fixedly connected by welding;

One end of two return springs 13 is fixed on the other side of the slide plate 6, and the two return springs 13 are symmetrical about the middle of the slide plate 6. If the spring force of the return spring 13 is not enough, a return spring 13 can be added and fixed in the middle of the slide plate 6. There is a magnetic suction rod 12, and as for the other end of the return spring 13 is fixedly connected with the distance control board 9, there are a plurality of distance control groove groups 17 on the upper surface of the front and rear ends of the connecting frame 3, so that the two ends of the distance control board 9 are stuck in the In the corresponding spacing control slot group 17, as for the magnetic attraction rod 12 that runs through and slides in the middle of the spacing control plate 9, the other end of the magnetic attraction rod 12 is welded with a magnetic attraction block 11;

It can also be seen from the figure that an electromagnet 10 is fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the lawnmower 2 away from the side, and the magnetic attraction surface of the electromagnet 10 is relatively arranged with the magnetic attraction block 11, and the electromagnet 10 is fixed on the connection frame. The signal processing system device 15 on the 3 is electrically connected, and the moving wheel center of the side mower 2 is connected with the collection shaft of the encoder 14 at the same time, and is used for collecting the number of rotations of the moving wheel of the side mower 2. As for the encoder 14 is that the casing is fixedly connected with the side lawnmower 2 casing by the connecting frame 16, the encoder 14 is electrically connected with the signal processing system device 15, and the signal processing system device 15 is electrically connected with the power supply of the main lawn mower 1.

The use process of the mower provided by the invention;

1. The mowing staff clears the data through the button on the signal processing system 15, and then turns on the switch of the main mower 1 and the side mower 2, and the mowing blades of the two mowers rotate to mow the grass ;

2. By pushing the main lawn mower 1 to drive the side lawn mower 2 to move forward, the main lawn mower 1 cuts off the weeds on the outside of the mountain silver flower, and the side lawn mower 2 cuts the weeds outside the two adjacent mountain silver flower trees. The weeds in between can be mowed to realize one-time mowing.

3. When the side lawn mower 2 arrives at the trunk part of the next mountain silver flower tree immediately, the number of turns of the side lawn mower 2 recorded by the encoder 14 will be recorded in the signal processing system device 15 as the number of circles. It is converted into the moving distance of the side mower 2. The specific principle is that the research and development personnel input the circumference of the moving wheel into the signal processing system device 15 in advance. When the encoder 14 transmits the number of rotations to the signal processing system device 15, The girth of the moving wheel is multiplied by the number of turns to be the moving distance of the side mower 2. When the value reaches the critical value set in the signal processing system device 15, the encoder 14 signal is cleared and recalculated, and the signal processing system device 15 The electromagnet 10 is energized so that the magnetic attraction surface of the electromagnet 10 generates a magnetic attraction force to attract the magnetic attraction block 11, thereby driving the sliding plate 6 to slide on the linear guide rail 7, thereby driving the side mower 2 to approach The main mower 1 realizes avoiding the trunk of the mountain silver flower;

4. Similarly, when the encoder 14 transmits a signal to the signal processing system device 15, when the value reaches a critical value, the critical value here needs to be less than the above critical value, and the signal processing system device 15 cuts off the power to the electromagnet 10, due to the pull-in During the process, the return spring 13 is in a compressed state. After the electromagnet 10 is powered off, the return spring 13 resets, so that the slide bar resets, and the side lawn mower 2 symbols reset, and continue to weeds between the next adjacent mountain silver tree. Cutting, until the next tree trunk, reciprocating operation, thereby increasing the efficiency of weeding, and reducing the weeding difficulty of weeding workers.

5. During the whole process, the auxiliary rod 5 is mainly to make the sliding plate 6 slide stably, and it will not be stuck due to pulling on one side. The distance control groove group 17 is mainly to adjust the initial position of the sliding plate 6, and indirectly adjust the side mowing. The distance between mower 2 and main lawnmower 1, at the same time at the initial start, if for other two wildflower trees with different distances and different maturity of wildflower trees, the operator should change the signal processing system device 15 , and the setting of the first critical value should be smaller than the distance between two Lilywood trees, and the setting of the second critical value should be larger than the diameter of the trunk of the Lilywood tree. Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, those skilled in the art can understand that various changes, modifications and substitutions can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principle and spirit of the present invention. and modifications, the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of Flos Japonica ecological planting method is characterized in that, comprises the following steps: Step1. Land selection and land preparation; the planting land is required to be sunny slope land with deep, loose, fertile and moist soil and high organic matter content. According to the different varieties of mountain silver flower, it should be planted in high altitude areas above 800 meters and in middle-altitude areas below 800 meters. In low-altitude areas; mountainous areas with slopes less than 15° may not use ladders. After clearing the surface, plow to a thickness of more than 45cm, and remove tree roots, grass roots, and stones with a diameter greater than 2cm; open a 1.0m-1.5m For the m-wide working road, a horizontal drainage ditch is opened along the inside of the working road, and a vertical drainage ditch is opened at the bottom of the valley along the mountain direction, and the horizontal drainage ditch is connected with the vertical drainage ditch. For mountainous areas with a slope greater than 15°, ladders shall be opened according to the mountain situation. The width of the ladder shall not be less than 2m, and the original topsoil of 20cm shall be covered on the terrace surface. A drainage ditch shall be opened for each ladder to connect with the vertical drainage ditch at the bottom of the valley; Step2, transplant the seedlings; dig planting holes according to the row spacing of 2 meters and the plant spacing of 1.5-2 meters. After the soil is mixed well, cover the soil with 10cm, plant the seedlings, and after watering thoroughly, the overburden soil is in the shape of "turtle back". Make a plate to store water and keep moisture. The surface can be covered with black plastic film to retain water and suppress weeds or cover weeds without mature seeds; The suitable period for planting is March-May and July-September; Step3. Field management; including intertillage and weeding, intertillage loosening, fertilization and irrigation water. The weeding process adopts manual weeding to remove large and strong "mangcao" plants, leaving short and wide-covering surface plants, which are cultivated into Thick surface plant cover, prohibiting the use of various herbicides; Step4, plastic pruning; including dormant pruning, growth pruning and regular pruning; Step5. Prevention and control of diseases, insect pests and weeds: Bordeaux mixture, calcium sulfur mixture and other safe pesticides are used to control diseases; aphids and whiteflies are controlled by spraying imidacloprid in the early stage of insect appearance, and other pests are controlled by spraying matrine + Bacillus thuringiensis in the early stage of insect appearance Prevention and control of weeds: by removing the dominant species whose plants are higher than the plant height of the mountain silver flower, retaining and cultivating the ground cover plants with short plants and wide coverage, and controlling other plants lower than the plant height of the mountain silver flower by pruning, it is convenient for the mountain silver flower plant Lighting and ventilation; Step6. Harvesting: Harvest according to different types of Lily japonicus. The flowering type Lily japonicus can be harvested when there are 70% buds, 30% flowering, and hanging needles of 3 to 5 cm; It can be harvested when the color of the buds is blue and yellow, and the hanging needles are more than 4 cm. 2. The method for ecological planting of Lismus japonica according to claim 1, characterized in that, intertillage and weeding are carried out 2-3 times a year in said Step3, once in spring and autumn and winter, once in summer in rainy years, and combined with weeding in autumn and winter Clear the garden, and pay attention to the depth of the rhizosphere during the weeding process to avoid damaging the roots and affecting growth. 3. the method for ecological planting of Flos japonicus according to claim 1, characterized in that the time for cultivating and loosening the soil in the Step3 is 3 years after the Flos japonicus planting is completed. 4. the method for ecological planting of Flos Lonicerae according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in the described Step3, the specific steps of fertilizing are: Step31, apply enough base fertilizer after planting; Step32. After one year of planting and surviving the Limonosa japonica, topdress once in May-June, mainly with thin quick-acting fertilizer, which can be applied continuously for 2-3 times; Step33. After the 2-year planting of Lissandra japonica, the plants have survived, topdressing 2-3 times a year, and selectively topdressing once in winter according to the soil and production conditions of Lissandra japonica, and collecting a large number of surface plant residues after clearing the garden for composting and retting. Organic fertilizer, combined with inorganic phosphorus fertilizer, potassium fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer or fermented cake fertilizer, to meet the nutrient requirements of the plant growth in the coming year; Step34, during the rich production period of the japonicus, before the japonicus emerges, apply quick-acting potassium sulfate compound fertilizer or fermented quick-acting marsh fertilizer to the japonicus, and use fertilizers that are comprehensive and easy to absorb, and prevent the use of high-chlorine base fertilizers; In Step31~Step33, organic fertilizers are mainly used, among which nitrogen fertilizers and phosphorus fertilizers are the main ones. 5. The method for ecological planting of Lismus japonica according to claim 1, characterized in that, the time for pruning in the dormant period is from December to early March of the next year, mainly to cut off dead branches and cross branches that affect the shape of the tree , Leggy branches, can be combined with garden clearing; The time for pruning during the growth period is from May to early August, focusing on cutting off dense branches, diseased and insect branches, thin and weak branches, elongated branches, near-ground branches, and stolons, while topping, topping, and wiping buds; The pruning requirements of the pruning in the dormant period and the pruning in the growth period are thinning and short cutting, ineffective thinning, pests, elongated branches, residual branches, short cut flowering branches, leaving 4-5 strong branches between nodes, and leaving middle branches. There are 2-3 branches, and the distance between branches is kept at 8cm-10cm. 6. the method for ecological planting of Lismus japonica according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the requirement of described shaping is mainly umbrella-shaped tree shape, tree height 1.2m-1.3m, stem height 20cm-25cm, crown width 1.5m-2m, 5-6 main branches grow evenly upward from the height of the main trunk at 20cm-25cm, layered or not, each main branch grows 3-4 side branches, and the side branches bear knot flowers 3-5 female branches. 7. the method for ecological planting of Flos Lonicerae according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the method for the prevention and treatment of diseases, insect pests and weeds comprises the following steps: Step51. Control of pests and diseases: choose sunny and dry weather to carry out plant pruning, improve the light transmission and ventilation of mountain silver flower plants through appropriate pruning, remove diseased and insect branches or remove diseased and insect leaves, and thoroughly remove shrubs and weeds around the park in winter and spring. Elimination of wintering sites for pests; Disposal and removal of waste in the base park in a timely manner to keep the park clean; Choose physical and biological control measures to maintain biodiversity in agro-ecosystems and provide habitat for natural enemies; According to the actual situation, before the spring honeysuckle buds germinate, spray the low-level lime-sulfur mixture on the branches and vines of the mountain silver flower and the surrounding soil once to prevent pests and diseases; Step52. Weed damage control: through the manual use of special weeding tools or a small amount of auxiliary agronomic measures, remove the weeds that affect the growth of Shanyinhua, and use grass to grow flowers through grass control to ensure the dominant population of Shanyinhua. 8. mountain silver flower ecological planting method according to claim 7, is characterized in that, described special-purpose weeding tool comprises main mower (1) and is positioned at the side lawn mower (1) side of main mower (1) side 2), the main mower (1) is connected to the side mower (2) through a connection assembly, and the connection assembly is used to move the side mower (2) left and right. 9. the mountain silver flower ecological planting method according to claim 8, is characterized in that, described connecting assembly comprises connecting frame (3), connecting rod (4), auxiliary rod (5), slide plate (6), linear guide rail (7), slide block (8), spacing control board (9), electromagnet (10), magnetic suction block (11), magnetic suction rod (12), return spring (13), encoder (14) and A signal processing system device (15), one end of the connecting frame (3) is fixedly connected to the front end of the main mower (1), and linear guide rails (7) are fixedly arranged on the front and rear inner walls of the connecting frame (3). A slide block (8) slides on the linear guide rail (7), a slide plate (6) is fixedly arranged on the two slide blocks (8), and a connecting rod (6) is fixedly arranged on one side of the slide plate (6). 4) and the auxiliary rod (5), the connecting rod (4) and the auxiliary rod (5) both pass through and slide on one side of the connecting frame (3), the connecting rod (4) and the side mower (2) Fixedly connected, the other side of the sliding plate (6) is fixedly connected with a plurality of return springs (13) and magnetic suction rods (12), and the other end of the return springs (13) is fixedly connected with the spacing control plate (9), The front and rear ends of the connecting frame (3) are provided with a plurality of distance control groove groups (17), and the two ends of the distance control plate (9) are clamped in the distance control groove groups (17). The suction rod (12) runs through and slides on the spacing control board (9), the other end of the magnetic suction rod (12) is fixedly provided with a magnetic suction block (11), and the other side of the inner wall of the connecting frame (3) is provided with an electromagnetic Iron (10), the electromagnet (10) is arranged opposite to the magnetic block (11), the electromagnet (10) is electrically connected with the signal processing system device (15), and the acquisition shaft of the encoder (14) Be connected with the moving wheel center of side lawnmower (2), the shell of described encoder (14) is fixedly arranged on the shell of side lawnmower (2) by connecting frame (16), and described encoder (14) It is electrically connected with the signal processing system (15), and the signal processing system (15) is electrically connected with the power supply of the main mower (1). 10. The method for ecological planting of Lismus japonica according to claim 1, characterized in that, after the flowers are picked in the Step6, one catty of dried vegetable fertilizer is applied to each mature plant, and half a catty of dried vegetable fertilizer is applied to each small plant.