CN107567871B - A kind of modularization cultural method of heavy metal hyperaccumulative plant - Google Patents
A kind of modularization cultural method of heavy metal hyperaccumulative plant Download PDFInfo
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- CN107567871B CN107567871B CN201710820682.4A CN201710820682A CN107567871B CN 107567871 B CN107567871 B CN 107567871B CN 201710820682 A CN201710820682 A CN 201710820682A CN 107567871 B CN107567871 B CN 107567871B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of modularization cultural methods of heavy metal hyperaccumulative plant, are realized by several steps such as management, harvesting after module cage preparation, nursery preparation, nursery preparation, nursery, transplanting, transplanting.Present invention cultivated plant in modular form, realize controllable adjustment, not only planting density is more uniform, and batch production, modularization transport and other operations from nursery to transplanting, greatly reduce labor cost, the growing way of plant is continuous and good, and the amount of absorption heavy metal is relatively more, ability is also relatively strong, and especially root tegillum exempts from grass comprehensive effect clearly.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the cultivation techniques of heavy metal hyperaccumulative plant, and in particular to a kind of system of fibrous root class heavy metal hyperaccumulative
The modularization cultural method of plant, belongs to phytoremediation for soil technical field.
Background technique
Heavy metal refer to atomic density be greater than 5g/cm3 a metalloid element, about 40 kinds, mainly include Cd, Cr,
Hg, Pb, Cu, Ag, Zn, Sn etc..But generally As, Se, Al etc. are also included within from the angle of toxicity interior.
Heavy metal hyperaccumulative plant, is the plant for referring to excess and absorbing and accumulating heavy metal, they utilize root system from soil
One or more heavy metals are drawn in earth, and shifted, be stored in the root, stem, leaf body of plant, and people pass through harvesting plant
To remove the heavy metal in soil.Hyperaccumulative plant often and pass through on the higher soil of content of beary metal by long term growth
Continuous biological evolution and formed, or cultivated, induced by genetic engineering or genetic engineering.
In 400 various heavy hyperaccumulative plants having found, there is the plants more than a variety of fibrous roots, such as southeast scape
It, scouring rush, Viola baoshanensis, dayflower, kiss-me etc..These heavy metal hyperaccumulative plants are currently direct growing and cultivation in quilt
In the soil of heavy metal pollution.A part of hyperaccumulative plant has plant less than normal, and biomass is low, slow growth；Moreover, plant device
Official can rot, fall leaves, and heavy metal is caused to return to soil.
The environment that heavy metal hyperaccumulative plant was grown originally has differences with the heavy-metal contaminated soil environment needed to be improved,
In addition the environment struggle for existence power of the heavy metal hyperaccumulative plant of these most of fibrous root classes is relatively weak, therefore in a huge sum of money for plantation
Belong to and is easy weeds all living creatures in contaminated soil；Either seed sowing or cuttage seeding plantation is planted because artificial cultivation operation difficulty is big
Strain body itself grows weak tendency, and often planting density cannot be guaranteed uniformly, thus Root Distribution is also uneven, and plant is caused to draw weight
The amount of metal is relatively fewer, ability is also relatively weak, cannot be fully absorbed to heavy metal-polluted soil.In addition, these fibrous root class huge sum of moneys
The existing cultivation technique for belonging to hyperaccumulative plant is not easy to mechanization, batch production, processing management operation, and transplanting difficulty is big, field
Harvesting difficulty is also big greatly, after kind for management difficulty, causes from nursery to plantation, management, the cost of labor needed is very large.
Summary of the invention
In view of the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of heavy metal hyperaccumulatives of fibrous root class
The modularization cultural method of plant to realize batch production, processing management, and significantly improves heavy metal-polluted soil treatment effeciency.
To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is that: a kind of modularization of heavy metal hyperaccumulative plant is planted
Culture method is realized by following steps:
(1) module cage prepares: the rubber or resinous material special module case of multiple rectangles and resistance to rainwater weathering are prepared,
One module box structure is in two sub-sections: a part is cabinet, having a size of long 63 ㎝ × wide 43 ㎝ × high 16 ㎝, uncovered, case
Four peripheral wall of body is that the upper half has a non-porous plank frame in hole, lower half, and the bottom of box is stress plate and is provided with and falls drainage hole on a small quantity；
Two parts are that root consolidates power frame, and having a size of 60 ㎝ × 0.2 ㎝ structure of wide 40 ㎝ × thickness, saturating root, which is consolidated on power frame, is uniformly distributed specification
It for the strip pore of long 8 ㎝ × wide 0.18 ㎝, is penetrated down convenient for root system, and distance between rows and hills is distributed with also as long 6 ㎝ × wide 8 ㎝
Roundlet implantation hole, as sowing or cuttage positioning use, consolidate power frame two sides in saturating root and be also devised with handle；
(2) nursery prepares: preparing seedling medium, seedling medium tiling 3-4 ㎝ thickness is then compacted it at module cage bottom
Afterwards, put root and consolidate power frame, wait sow or cuttage seeding after, then in saturating root consolidate on power frame covering tiling 1-2 ㎝ thickness seedling medium；
(3) in ready module cage, 1-3 plants uniformly nursery: are placed in each implantation hole that saturating root consolidates power frame
Species realizes seed seedling-raising, or realizes cuttage and seedling culture toward 1 cuttings of cuttage in each implantation hole；To plant growth 30-45
It, under uniform neat and its fibrous root of plant seedling growth consolidates the clamping of power frame at module cage bottom and saturating root, homoepitaxial is simultaneously covered with
Saturating root consolidate the upper and lower surface of power frame, when forming the root soil combination root tegillum of densification, seeks handle, by saturating root consolidate power frame monolith from
It is proposed in module cage, until field-transplanting；
(4) it transplants: before transplanting, turning over heavy-metal contaminated soil to be improved, and the basal dressing into soil, mix post-trenching thoroughly
Ridging, leveling soil；When lifting, handle is sought, Pork-pieces root is consolidated into power frame monolith and is proposed from module cage, together with plant
Seedling constitutes module seedling together, and moves on to plantation crop field, and multiple roots are consolidated power frame and are laid in contaminated by heavy metals soil institute side by side
On the ridge risen；
(5) it is managed after transplanting: noticing that rich water adjusts the uniform growing way of seedling in cultivation overall process；During plantation, if meeting harsh
Summer or cold winter, by module seedling, monolith is taken out from soil, puts greenhouse into, after weather is normal, again
Module seedling monolith is transplanted in the heavy metals exceeding standard soil of crop field；
(6) it gathers in: after a period of time, carrying out plant and soil into crop field heavy metals exceeding standard soil after plant seedling transplant planting
Earth detection, as the tired content of beary metal of specific ultraproduct has reached peak value or the specific content of beary metal of soil in plant cauline leaf body
When dropping to the maturation aging of safety value or plant body without growth ability, determines that and hyperaccumulative plant is gathered in into removal
Crop field；The mode of harvesting is to put in root with spade and consolidate below power frame to be agitated, and then, holds handle, saturating root is consolidated power frame
And plant integrally pulls out from soil, shrugs off soil, concentrated loading retracts working shed, and it is intracorporal that standard operation recycles plant
Heavy metal, and saturating root is consolidated under power frame plate is driven to wash and waits for next use quietly.
The process for preparation of above-mentioned seedling medium is: will be calculated with 100 parts of parts by volume, it is decomposed after 2-3 parts of chicken manure, powder
15-20 parts of broken bark leaf, it is decomposed after husk or 50-60 parts of wood sawdust, 3-5 parts of burnt dust-ashes, decomposed pond dry mud 10-
15 parts, 10-20 parts of decomposed cow dung, 5-10 parts of foam pearl powder, 5-10 parts of silt, N, P, K and microelement are a little, cover stack retting
30-45 days, abundant subsequent decomposed rear as seedling medium, water was added into seedling medium to be neutral for adjusting pH value, makes relatively
Water-holding capacity mixes well stand-by after being 60-80%.
Preferably, during nursery and/or before transplanting, handle is held, the module seedling for consolidating the carrying of power frame with saturating root is put into and is matched
In the Promoting bacteria inoculation liquid made, 3-5 minutes on bubble, it is inoculated with Promoting bacteria.Promoting bacteria inoculation liquid is to buy in the market.
It is software cloth face-type structural that above-mentioned root, which consolidates power frame, saturating root consolidate power frame surrounding be 5 ㎝ wide blend stop, and in two sides
Blend stop on open up there are two portable hole is supplied, corresponding blend stop and hole form handle.The saturating root of software cloth cover formula is being consolidated into power
When frame is put into module cage, blend stop be stand and close to module chamber interior wall.Using there is the hole saturating root of software cloth cover pattern to consolidate power frame
Nursery can more save labor.
It is strip-shaped hole hard-board type structure that above-mentioned root, which consolidates power frame, and the surrounding that saturating root consolidates power frame is that 5 ㎝ are shown in high baffle, is more convenient for
The growing way of plant is transplanted for the ease of crop field module and is shaped, and saturating root, which is consolidated on power frame, is also devised with connection hasp.
Above-mentioned root consolidates the saturating root of the multiple singles of power frame and consolidates frame to be formed side by side, each saturating root of single consolidate frame include it is multiple every
The stress connecting band of careless plate and the two neighboring grass separator of connection, wherein each roundlet implantation hole is correspondingly arranged on grass separator,
And strip pore be consolidated by adjacent two saturating roots frame when placed side by side between gap formed.Convenient for nursery, transplanting and receipts
It cuts.
The direct effect that saturating root consolidates power frame nursery in the present invention is the basic condition for realizing modularization cultivation technique, is being cultivated
It in overall process, in order to save kind, saves fertilizer, exempt from grass, mechanically actuated is convenient in especially saving recruitment, and saturating root consolidates power frame and shoulders heavy responsibilities.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect that the present invention has is: cultivated plant in modular form, realization can controls
Section, not only planting density is more uniform, but also batch production, modularization transport and other operations from nursery to transplanting, drops significantly
Low labor cost, the growing way of plant is continuous and good, and the amount for drawing heavy metal is relatively more, ability is also relatively strong, spy
It is not that root tegillum exempts from grass comprehensive effect clearly.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is module cage structural schematic diagram of the invention
Fig. 2 is that the saturating root of the embodiment of the present invention one consolidates the structural schematic diagram of power frame
Fig. 3 is that the saturating root of the embodiment of the present invention two consolidates the structural schematic diagram of power frame
Fig. 4 is that the saturating root of the embodiment of the present invention three consolidates the structural schematic diagram of power frame
Wherein, 1, cabinet, 1.1, hole, 1.2, fall drainage hole, 2, saturating root consolidate power frame, 2.1, strip pore, 2.2, implantation hole,
2.3, baffle (blend stop), 2.4, connection hasp, 2.5, handle.
Specific embodiment
Now in conjunction with specific embodiment, next the present invention is described in further detail.Obviously, therefore the present invention cannot be limited
System is among the embodiment described range.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art are not making wound
Every other embodiment obtained under the premise of the property made is worked, is within the scope of protection of the invention.In following embodiments
Test method without specific conditions according to conventional methods and conditions, or is selected according to product manual.
Embodiment one
The modularization cultural method of heavy metal hyperaccumulative plant (such as Sedum alfredii Hance), is realized, such as by following steps
Shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 2:
Experiment is with Sedum alfredii Hance interplanting under corn crop, it is contemplated that Sedum alfredii Hance plant likes shady characteristic, in heavy metal
The exceeded soil crops Tian Weizhu cultivated maize of cadmium, then interplant heavy metal hyperaccumulative plant Sedum alfredii Hance.
(1) module cage prepares: multiple rectangles, the rubber of resistance to rainwater weathering or resinous material special module case are prepared,
One module box structure is in two sub-sections: a part is cabinet 1, having a size of long 63 ㎝ × wide 43 ㎝ × high 16 ㎝, uncovered, case
1 four peripheral wall of body is that the upper half has the non-porous plank frame in hole 1.1, lower half, and 1 bottom of cabinet is stress plate and is provided with a small amount of row of falling
Water hole 1.2；Two parts are that root consolidates power frame 2, are 60 ㎝ × wide 40 ㎝ × 0.2 ㎝ of thickness strip-shaped hole hard-board type structure, saturating root
Gu being uniformly distributed the strip pore 2.1 that specification is long 8 ㎝ × wide 0.18 ㎝ on power frame 2, penetrated down convenient for root system, and also divide
It is furnished with the roundlet implantation hole 2.2 that distance between rows and hills is long 6 ㎝ × wide 8 ㎝, is used as sowing or cuttage positioning, saturating root consolidates the four of power frame 2
Week is that 5 ㎝ are shown in high baffle 2.3；It transplants and shapes for the ease of crop field module, saturating root, which is consolidated on power frame 2, is also devised with connection hasp 2.4；
Power frame is removed from case admittedly for convenience, and the two sides that saturating root consolidates power frame 2 are also devised with handle 2.5.
(2) nursery prepares: seedling medium is prepared, then by seedling medium tiling 3-4 ㎝ thickness at 1 bottom of cabinet of module cage,
After compacting, put root and consolidate power frame 2, wait sow or cuttage seeding after, then consolidate on power frame 2 covering tiling 1-2 ㎝ thickness in saturating root and educate
Seedling matrix；
The process for preparation of above-mentioned seedling medium is: will be calculated with 100 parts of parts by volume, 3 parts of Chicken dung, decomposed crushing tree
60 parts of 10 parts of skin leaf, decomposed husk or wood sawdust, 20 parts of burnt dust-ashes, 15 parts of decomposed Pond Silt, 20 parts of decomposed cow dung, foam
10 parts of pearl powder, N, P, K and microelement are a little, cover stack retting 30-45 days, sufficiently subsequent decomposed rear as mixing nursery base
Matter, and addition water mixes well after making opposite water-holding capacity 60-80% into seedling medium.
(3) nursery: Sedum alfredii Hance plant is cut off by 3-5cm long, and seedling point direction is head, and head-up oblique cutting enters root and consolidates power frame
In 2 roundlet implantation hole 2.2, guarantee a cuttage seeding in a roundlet implantation hole 2.2, is then drenched root water with sprayer；
Seedling shed pays attention to covering 1-2 layers of sunshade net between nursery stage；Seedling stage keeps dry and comfortable in module cage, uses sprayer water drenching one within every 7-10 days
It is secondary, pay attention to filling the gaps with seedlings, Qi Miao；During Sedum alfredii Hance nursery, plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria is accessed: after getting Promoting bacteria inoculation liquid ready,
It holds root and consolidates power frame handle, Sedum alfredii Hance plant module seedling is put into Promoting bacteria inoculation liquid and impregnates 1-3 minutes, then again
It is moved back to original place.Modularization nursery, other than performance undoubtedly the characteristics of being convenient for operation；Or micro-ecological environment is continuously to crop field, just
Victory optimization Promoting bacteria ideal conditions；
At the same time, start to educate corn seedling with the cup type nutrient discs of routine after the mid-March of Hunan, one plant of a hole, per acre
Prepare enough 3500-4000 plants；
After 30-45 days, uniform neat and its fibrous root of Sedum alfredii Hance seedling growth consolidates power frame folder at module cage bottom and saturating root
Hold it is lower be uniformly covered with and consolidate power frame upper and lower surface in saturating root, when forming the root soil combination root tegillum of densification, handle is sought, by saturating root
Gu power frame monolith is proposed from case, until field-transplanting.
Plant fibrous root, which consolidates 2 strip-shaped hole 2.1 of power frame through saturating root and winds solid power frame, forms root tegillum, so that in module cage
Nursery, Qi Miao, fill the gaps with seedlings, strong sprout target is easily achieved；This layer of saturating root of winding consolidate function there are three the root soil combination root tegillums of power frame
Can: first is that globality, is an entirety in nursery box body, it is transplanted to crop field or an entirety, cauline leaf when avoiding transplanting
With the mechanical damage of root system；Second is that continuity, plant is fixed on the equilibrium of supply and demand of module cage Growth In Space formation, and Tiny ecosystem is stingy
It waits, rhizosphere mushroom ecology etc., is easy to get continuously after being transplanted to crop field, plant growing way advantage is played；Third is that exempt from careless effect,
Due to the covering of transplanting block mechanicalness and plant ecology growing way advantage, by ploughing the crop field field of rake, weeds is substantially without striking back
Power.
(4) transplant: mid-April, the exceeded soil field of heavy metal cadmium press 80 ㎝ of row spacing × furrow width, 20 ㎝, use sufficient base manure, north and south
It rakes leveling towards ridging is turned over.A line corn is planted by 20-25 ㎝ spacing in the rows in the center on ridge, then, on the both sides of corn row
Row's Sedum alfredii Hance seedling is respectively placed in such a way that saturating root consolidates power frame.When lifting, one piece of saturating root of block is consolidated into power frame from seedling medium
It slightly firmly rips, is then directly layered on the ridge that contaminated by heavy metals soil rises, transplanting, which is more saved, before raining pours root water use
Work.Entire transplanting process is simple, exempts from mulch, laborsaving and saving of labor.Certainly, it before transplanting, is spray applied into soil except grass family
The herbicide of (sharp leaf grass), herbicide effect can be more preferable.
(5) it is managed after transplanting: answering moisturizing without rain such as more days before transplanting, keep transplanting soil wet；After transplanting corn and
Sedum alfredii Hance is watered with 1-2 root water, and the 10-15 days after cultivation, first time water soluble fertilizer is applied in a manner of spraying；See that seedling is long
Whether balance fertilizer or foliar fertilizer are applied depending on gesture；It is coming into bloom, second of water soluble fertilizer is equally applied in a manner of spraying, cultivating
Notice that rich water adjusts the growth growing way of its corn and Sedum alfredii Hance young plant in overall process.During plantation, if meet harsh summer or
The winter of person's cold considers that monolith is taken out from soil by module seedling, puts greenhouse into, after weather is normal, module again
Seedling monolith is transplanted in the heavy metals exceeding standard soil of crop field；Notice that field is unable to ponding, it is dry to guarantee that rain lives ditch；Pay attention to maize borer,
The aphid and red spider of Sedum alfredii Hance and the prevention and treatment of fungal disease.
(6) it gathers in: mid-July corn ripe and harvested, and carry out Sedum alfredii Hance plant and Soil K+adsorption, such as plant part
The specific ultraproduct of cormus tires out content of beary metal and peak value has not yet been reached, because Sedum alfredii Hance plant has drought-resistant characteristic, Hunan seven, eight
Month, day Sedum alfredii Hance seedling can also continue to grow, but growing way will not be got well.At this point, there are two types of selections, first is that by Sedum alfredii Hance mould
Block seedling continues to stay in field；Second is that harvesting, the mode of harvesting is to put in root with spade and consolidate under power frame to be agitated, then, hand
Handle is held, saturating root is consolidated into power frame monolith and pulls out from soil, shrugs off soil, concentrated loading retracts working shed, is with module
Unit, which arranges, removes Lao Miao, and the small sprout of indwelling waits for that the cultivation of lower season uses.The old Miao Yin removed is super to have accumulated heavy metal cadmium, must collection
Middle refinement processing.It is gathered in as unit of module, not only the broken branches and fallen leaves is cleared up together, is avoided heavy metal and is returned soil；And
And working efficiency significantly improves.
Embodiment two
The modularization cultural method of heavy metal copper Cu hyperaccumulative plant such as dayflower, is realized, such as by following steps
Shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 3:
(1) multiple rectangular resinous material special module casees, a module box structure point the preparation of module cage: are prepared
Two parts: a part is cabinet 1, and having a size of long 63 ㎝ × wide 43 ㎝ × high 16 ㎝, uncovered, 1 four peripheral wall of cabinet is upper half
There are a hole 1.1, lower half non-porous structure in portion, and 1 bottom of cabinet is stress plate and is provided with and falls drainage hole 1.2 on a small quantity；Another part is
Saturating root consolidates power frame 2, is 60 ㎝ × wide 40 ㎝ × 0.2 ㎝ of thickness software cloth face-type structural, saturating root, which is consolidated on power frame 2, is uniformly distributed rule
Lattice are long 8 ㎝ × wide 0.18 ㎝ × 0.2 ㎝ of thickness strip pore 2.1, are penetrated down convenient for root system, and root is consolidated on power frame 2 thoroughly
Also be evenly distributed with the roundlet implantation hole 2.2 that distance between rows and hills is long 6 ㎝ × wide 8 ㎝, saturating root consolidate power frame 2 surrounding be 5 ㎝ wide gear
Item 2.3, and open up on the blend stop of two sides 2.3 there are two portable hole is supplied, corresponding blend stop and hole form handle 2.5.It is inciting somebody to action
When the saturating root of software cloth cover formula consolidates power frame 2 and is put into module box body 1, blend stop 2.3 be stand and close in module box body 1
Wall.It can more be saved labor using there is the hole saturating root of software cloth cover pattern to consolidate the nursery of power frame.It transplants and shapes for the ease of crop field module,
Each root thoroughly, which consolidates design on power frame, connection hasp.
(2) nursery prepares: preparing seedling medium, seedling medium tiling 3-4 ㎝ thickness is then compacted it at module cage bottom
Afterwards, put root and consolidate power frame, wait sow or cuttage seeding after, then in saturating root consolidate on power frame covering tiling 1-2 ㎝ thickness seedling medium.
The process for preparation of above-mentioned seedling medium is: will be calculated with 100 parts of parts by volume, 3 parts of Chicken dung, decomposed crushing tree
50 parts of 20 parts of skin leaf, decomposed husk or wood sawdust, 10 parts of burnt dust-ashes, 10 parts of decomposed Pond Silt, 10 parts of decomposed cow dung, foam
8 parts of pearl powder, N, P, K and microelement are a little, cover stack retting 30-45 days, and sufficiently subsequent decomposed rear be used as mixes seedling medium,
And addition water mixes well after making opposite water-holding capacity 60-80% into seedling medium.
(3) nursery: dayflower can nursed young plants in hothouses with seminal propagation in late Febuary to early March.With 25 ~ 27 before sowing
It DEG C is pulled out after water seed soaking 8 ~ 10 hours, vernalization 3 ~ 5 days at 25 ~ 27 DEG C, seed can be sowed after showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally.Consolidate power frame toward saturating root
Each roundlet implantation hole in the upper dayflower seed placed after 1-3 vernalization, be covered with seedling medium, slightly kept after suppression
Ground moistening.It under the conditions of suitable epidemic disaster, can emerge within 1 week or so, epidemic disaster management is reduced after emergence, in order to avoid seedling
Excessive growth.Plant division or cutting propagation can also be used, in early spring or autumn Mo, terminal bud branch 4-6 section is taken to do slotting a species of orchid, every module presses 6 × 8
㎝ distance between rows and hills straight cutting depth 3-4 ㎝ keeps ground moistening, and 15-25 DEG C of temperature, or so half a month can take root.During nursery, in order to mention
High plant biology total amount and more absorption soil heavy metal coppers access plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria 10-15 days after growing fibrous root:
It after getting Promoting bacteria inoculation liquid ready, holds root and consolidates power frame handle, Sedum alfredii Hance plant module seedling is put into Promoting bacteria inoculation liquid
Middle immersion 3-5 minutes, is then moved back to original place again.Dayflower happiness dim light avoided quick-fried Sai, not all right lower than 10 DEG C, to a 30-45 days left sides
The right side, plant fibrous root, which is uniformly covered with, consolidates power frame upper and lower surface in saturating root, and after forming fine and close root soil combination root tegillum, it is big to perform transplanting
Field prepares；
Plant fibrous root, which consolidates power frame strip-shaped hole through saturating root and winds solid power frame, forms root tegillum, so that educating in module cage
Seedling, Qi Miao, fill the gaps with seedlings, strong sprout target is easily achieved；This layer of saturating root of winding consolidate function there are three the root soil combination root tegillums of power frame:
First is that globality, is an entirety in nursery box body, it is transplanted to crop field or an entirety, cauline leaf and root when avoiding transplanting
The mechanical damage of system；Second is that continuity, plant is fixed on the equilibrium of supply and demand of module cage Growth In Space formation, Tiny ecosystem miniclimate,
Rhizosphere mushroom ecology etc. is easy to get continuously after being transplanted to crop field, and plant growing way advantage is played；Third is that exempt from careless effect, by
In the covering of transplanting block mechanicalness and plant ecology growing way advantage, by ploughing the crop field field weeds of rake substantially without striking back it
Power.
(4) it transplants: at the beginning of 4 months, turning over heavy-metal contaminated soil to be improved, and the basal dressing into soil, mix post-trenching thoroughly
Ridging returns pure soil beading shape with rotary cultivator.When lifting, one piece of block module seedling is slightly firmly pulled from seedling medium
It opens, is then directly layered on the ridge that contaminated by heavy metals soil rises, transplanting, which is more saved, before raining pours root water recruitment.In order to mention
High plant biology total amount and more absorption soil heavy metal coppers, equally access Liu in transplanting (before being put into heavy metal soil)
Sub- just stated L1, L4, R1 and R3 the plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria kind of professor: after getting Promoting bacteria inoculation liquid ready, it is solid to hold root
Sedum alfredii Hance plant module seedling is put into Promoting bacteria inoculation liquid and impregnates 3-5 minutes by power frame handle.Module seedling plate is uniformly put
It sets, and adjacent two blocks of plantation plates is spliced by hasp, in case of the Heavenly Stems, then to irrigate root water with pipe critically important.
(5) it is managed after planting: noticing that rich water adjusts the growth growing way of its corn and Sedum alfredii Hance young plant in cultivation overall process.It moves
After cultivation, 1 composite granulated fertilizer based on nitrogenous fertilizer is monthly spread fertilizer over the fields, keeps the sturdy plumpness of cauline leaf, keeps crop field growing way uniformity.
Plan plant left to run to seed, spring is selected to carry out pinching, the tiller bud germinated to it should be wiped out in time, promote to sprout branch, with sharp shoot
It grows and vigorous, sturdy does cutting use wait cut.During plantation, if meeting the winter in harsh summer or cold, consider module
Seedling monolith from soil is taken out, and puts greenhouse into, and after weather is normal, monolith is transplanted to crop field heavy metals exceeding standard soil again
In.In dayflower growth period, the prevention and treatment of disease pest is paid attention to.
(5) it gathers in: after after transplant planting half a year, carrying out the detection of dayflower plant, as the specific ultraproduct of plant cormus is tired
Content of beary metal reaches peak value, and arrangement is gathered in, and the standard of harvesting is field growth period three months or more after transplanting, harvesting
Mode is to put in root with spade to consolidate under power frame, and saturating root is consolidated power frame and is sticked up from soil, pats its root soil to net,
For one piece of one packaged vehicle to heavy metal plant subsequent processing place (working shed), standard operation recycles the intracorporal heavy metal of plant, and
Saturating root is consolidated power frame to clean, waits for next use quietly.
Embodiment three (as Figure 1 and Figure 4)
In addition to the implementation, saturating root of the invention is consolidated power frame 2 and can be also made into: multiple saturating roots of single are consolidated frame and are formed side by side
, each saturating root of single consolidates the stress connecting band that frame includes multiple grass separators 2.6 and the two neighboring grass separator 2.6 of connection
2.7, wherein each roundlet implantation hole 2.2 is correspondingly arranged on grass separator 2.6, and strip pore 2.1 is by two neighboring root
Gu frame when placed side by side between gap formed.Convenient for nursery, transplanting and harvesting.
The present invention relates to a kind of saving of labor, province kind (seedling), province's fertilizer, exempt from grass, fibrous root class botanical system growing and cultivation technical side
Method.In particular for the phytoremediation of heavy-metal contaminated soil, with more convenient for standardization, mechanization, programming operations spy
Point；It allows heavy metal hyperaccumulative plant recovery technique, takes a step calmly to move towards Production of Large Fields from laboratory.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of modularization cultural method of heavy metal hyperaccumulative plant, is realized by following steps:
(1) module cage prepares: prepare the rubber or resinous material special module case of multiple rectangles and resistance to rainwater weathering, one
Module box structure is in two sub-sections: a part is cabinet, and uncovered, four peripheral wall of cabinet is that the upper half has hole, lower half non-porous board-like
Structure, the bottom of box are stress plates and are provided with and fall drainage hole on a small quantity；Two parts are that root consolidates power frame, and saturating root is consolidated on power frame uniformly
It is distributed strip pore, is penetrated down convenient for root system, and roundlet implantation hole is also distributed with, is used as sowing or cuttage positioning,
Saturating root consolidates power frame two sides and is also devised with handle；
(2) nursery prepares: preparing seedling medium, then after compacting, puts seedling medium tiling 3-4 ㎝ thickness at module cage bottom
Upper saturating root consolidate power frame, wait sow or cuttage seeding after, then consolidate in saturating root and cover the 1-2 ㎝ thickness seedling medium that tiles on power frame；
(3) in ready module cage, 1-3 plant species uniformly nursery: are placed in each implantation hole that saturating root consolidates power frame
Son realizes seed seedling-raising, or realizes cuttage and seedling culture toward 1 cuttings of cuttage in each implantation hole；To plant growth 30-45 days, plant
Under uniform neat and its fibrous root of object seedling growth consolidates the clamping of power frame at module cage bottom and saturating root, homoepitaxial is simultaneously covered with solid in saturating root
The upper and lower surface of power frame seeks handle, saturating root is consolidated power frame monolith from module cage when forming fine and close root soil combination root tegillum
Middle proposition, until field-transplanting；
(4) it transplants: before transplanting, turning over heavy-metal contaminated soil to be improved, and the basal dressing into soil, mix post-trenching thoroughly and rise
Ridge, leveling soil；When lifting, handle is sought, Pork-pieces root is consolidated into power frame monolith and is proposed from module cage, together with plantling one
It rises and constitutes module seedling, and move on to plantation crop field, multiple roots are consolidated into power frame and are laid in what contaminated by heavy metals soil rose side by side
On ridge；
(5) it is managed after transplanting: noticing that rich water adjusts the uniform growing way of seedling in cultivation overall process；During plantation, if meeting the harsh summer
In the winter of it or cold, by module seedling, monolith is taken out from soil, greenhouse is put into, after weather is normal, again by mould
Block seedling monolith is transplanted in the heavy metals exceeding standard soil of crop field；
(6) it gathers in: after a period of time, carrying out plant and soil inspection into crop field heavy metals exceeding standard soil after plant seedling transplant planting
It surveys, as the tired content of beary metal of specific ultraproduct reaches peak value in plant cauline leaf body or the specific content of beary metal of soil has declined
To safety value or plant body when mature aging is without growth ability, determines that gather in hyperaccumulative plant and remove crop field；
The mode of harvesting is to put in root with spade and consolidate below power frame to be agitated, and then, holds handle, saturating root is consolidated power frame and plant
It is whole to pull out from soil, soil is shrugged off, concentrated loading retracts working shed, recycles the intracorporal heavy metal of plant, and will be saturating
Root, which is consolidated under power frame plate is driven to wash, waits for next use quietly.
2. the modularization cultural method of heavy metal hyperaccumulative plant according to claim 1, which is characterized in that above-mentioned nursery
The process for preparation of matrix is: will be calculated with 100 parts of parts by volume, it is decomposed after 2-3 parts of chicken manure, the bark leaf 15-20 of crushing
Part, it is decomposed after husk or 50-60 parts of wood sawdust, 3-5 parts of burnt dust-ashes, 10-15 parts of decomposed pond dry mud, decomposed cow dung 10-
20 parts, 5-10 parts of foam pearl powder, 5-10 parts of silt, N, P, K and microelement are a little, cover stack retting 30-45 days, sufficiently subsequent
Seedling medium is used as after decomposed, adjusting pH value is neutrality, and water is added into seedling medium, after making opposite water-holding capacity 60-80%
It mixes well stand-by.
3. the modularization cultural method of heavy metal hyperaccumulative plant according to claim 2, which is characterized in that in nursery stage
Between and/or transplanting before, hold handle, with saturating root consolidate power frame carrying module seedling put into prepared Promoting bacteria inoculation liquid, bubble
It is 3-5 minutes upper, it is inoculated with Promoting bacteria.
4. the modularization cultural method of heavy metal hyperaccumulative plant according to claim 1 or 2 or 3, which is characterized in that thoroughly
It is software cloth face-type structural that root, which consolidates power frame, and the surrounding that saturating root consolidates power frame is the blend stop of 5 ㎝ wide, and offers on the blend stop of two sides
Two supply portable hole, and corresponding blend stop and hole form handle.
5. the modularization cultural method of heavy metal hyperaccumulative plant according to claim 1 or 2 or 3, which is characterized in that thoroughly
It is strip-shaped hole hard-board type structure that root, which consolidates power frame, and the surrounding that saturating root consolidates power frame is that 5 ㎝ are shown in high baffle.
6. the modularization cultural method of heavy metal hyperaccumulative plant according to claim 1 or 2 or 3, which is characterized in that thoroughly
Root consolidates the saturating root of the multiple singles of power frame and consolidates frame to be formed side by side, and it includes multiple grass separators and connection that each saturating root of single, which consolidates frame,
The stress connecting band of two neighboring grass separator, wherein each roundlet implantation hole is correspondingly arranged on grass separator, and strip pore is
By adjacent two saturating roots consolidate frame when placed side by side between gap formed.
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