CN102771284B - Ecological cultivation method for houttuynia cordata - Google Patents

Ecological cultivation method for houttuynia cordata Download PDF

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CN102771284B
CN102771284B CN 201210260671 CN201210260671A CN102771284B CN 102771284 B CN102771284 B CN 102771284B CN 201210260671 CN201210260671 CN 201210260671 CN 201210260671 A CN201210260671 A CN 201210260671A CN 102771284 B CN102771284 B CN 102771284B
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cordate houttuynia
railway carriage
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land
woven geotextile
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CN102771284A (en
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陈灿
黄璜
吴学伟
郑华斌
陆准
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Hunan Agricultural University
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Abstract

The invention discloses an ecological cultivation method for houttuynia cordata and relates to the field of eco-agriculture and crop growing. The cultivation method comprises preparation of land for growing field crops, seed stem disinfection, non-woven geotextile laying, seed stem laying, seedling culture matrix covering and growth management of the land for growing the field crops and the like.The method of enabling non-woven geotextile to serve as the bottom, laying seed stems in the middle and performing seedling culture matrix covering is adopted to the cultivate houttuynia cordata seedstems, the growing environment of rhizomes is optimized, rapid growth of the rhizomes is promoted, so that the rhizomes are high in yield and quality, harm of weeds and soil insects is greatly reduced simultaneously, and environmental pollution caused by farmland pesticide applying is reduced. In addition, the ecological cultivation method further greatly reduces working intensity, saves working hours and effectively reduces production cost.

Description

A kind of cordate houttuynia ecological cultivation method
Technical field
The present invention relates to the cordate houttuynia cultivation field: especially a kind of cordate houttuynia ecological cultivation method.
Background technology
Cordate houttuynia ( houttuynia cordatathunb), belonging to the Saururaceae heartleaf houttuynia and belong to, is the perennial root herbaceos perennial.The cordate houttuynia plant is short and small, is the state of partly crawling, mainly be distributed in the Yangtze river basin and on the south various places, its growth needs has certain habitat conditions; Cordate houttuynia happiness warm moist environment, more anti-the moon; Many wild in dark and damp waterside, in the shade hillside, low-lying land, limit, village ridge, He Tian limit, ditch, well-grown in ventilative sand loam.Cordate houttuynia is a kind of health care wild herb of dietotherapeutic, and complete stool all can be used as medicine; Have clearing heat and detoxicating, the carbuncle that disappears apocenosis, the effect of inducing diuresis for treating strangurtia.Now be widely used in the raw-material exploitation of medical finished product and related preparations, its large-scale cultivation is produced and has been started application; In some areas of south China, particularly the cultivation among the people of southwestern province and edible root of Herba Houttuyniae stem are very general, and market is large to the cordate houttuynia demand.
Aspect the culture technique of cordate houttuynia, some agricultural production scientific workers have carried out many-sided research and exploration with regard to the whole ground of growing environment, propagation method, the selection of land of cordate houttuynia, sowing, field management, the extermination of disease and insect pest.The production of cordate houttuynia now is essentially traditional conventional cultivation mode, and large Tanaka has discharged subterranean stem by certain degree of depth and line-spacing, then kind of stem is carried out to the soil covering, at growing period, carries out conventional rich water, disease pest and weed management; Only a few is booth rhizophere gas method, but this method production cost is too high, and fund, equipment investment are large.Current aspect the efficient high-yield high-grade culture technique of cordate houttuynia, the more deep practical studies of system is less.
During cordate houttuynia produces, restraining factors mainly contain two aspects; On the one hand because cordate houttuynia is perennial plant, growth and development stage is synchronizeed and is carried out with the growth of weeds, weed control becomes a large thorny problem, so large field weed of the intermediary and later stages of growth reproduction is flouring, adopts artificial weeding, drop into the labour many, time is long, and the weeding of employing chemical herbicide is thorough, weak effect, because cordate houttuynia is dicotyledon, can not use the weed killer herbicide that kills broadleaf weed in the Production of Large Fields weeding, thereby need a large amount of artificial and agricultural chemicals of input to be prevented and kill off.Be while gathering in the crops its subterranean stem on the other hand, the excavation of soil, rhizomatous cleaning are gathered and the backfill of soil also needs to drop into a large amount of man-hours and labour at every turn; Operation is numerous and diverse, work efficiency is low.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve this two large outstanding difficult problem in above-mentioned cordate houttuynia production, the present invention aims to provide a kind of cordate houttuynia ecological cultivation method, and this cultivation method is by having created a kind of habitat conditions and rhizomatous growth distribution situation of conveniently gathering that cordate houttuynia grows that be more suitable for.The present invention is with the method for " non-woven geotextile is rebasing, discharge kind of a stem, seedling medium cover on cloth ", and this technology is now proved in production practices; Relevant effect and performance analysis are compared, and result shows that this invention technology is simple and easy to do, high efficiency.Reached the effect of high yield, high-quality, efficient, environmental protection.This technology has been opened up the Yi Tiaoxin road for exploration cordate houttuynia ecological cultivation method, production application, for exploitation and the production management of cordate houttuynia later provides scientific basis.
To achieve these goals, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
A kind of cordate houttuynia ecological cultivation method, be characterized in, comprises the steps:
1) preparation in land for growing field crops: select to have abundant water resources, irrigation and drainage field are easily carried out soil disinfection and herbicide spraying as ,Bing Dui land for growing field crops, land for growing field crops;
2) lay non-woven geotextile on land for growing field crops;
3) preparation of cordate houttuynia kind stem and planting: before cordate houttuynia is planted, will plant the stem sterilization, and while planting, cordate houttuynia kind stem will be layered on non-woven geotextile;
4) cover seedling medium: cover one deck seedling medium on the railway carriage or compartment face that has discharged cordate houttuynia kind stem;
5) railway carriage or compartment face watering: sprinkle water completing on the railway carriage or compartment face of seedling medium, matrix is fully contacted with moistening with cordate houttuynia kind stem;
6) field management: according to conventional method, carry out cordate houttuynia growth field management.
In the present invention, cordate houttuynia field management conventional method used can be with reference to being edited by Chen Can, Huang Huang, and the chapter 4 in " cordate houttuynia high-yield culturing and utilization " book that Golden Shield publishing house publishes is to chapter 6.
Following scheme is to further improvement of the present invention.
After described land for growing field crops is chosen, whole first 5~6 days of large Tagayasu Den, spray the go out weed killer herbicide of natural disposition of wide spectrum; Large Tagayasu Den flattens railway carriage or compartment, land for growing field crops face ditch and establish railway carriage or compartment when whole, and railway carriage or compartment face width degree is as the criterion with the non-woven geotextile width and railway carriage or compartment face width degree is narrower than the width of non-woven geotextile, and the furrow width 30cm ~ 50cm between railway carriage or compartment and railway carriage or compartment, dark about 20cm ~ 40cm, enclose the ditch width and depth ratio railway carriage or compartment ditch is large; Cordate houttuynia kind stem carries out disinfection to field soil before transplanting, and adopts 1000~1500 times of liquid sprayings of 50% wetting powder or 600~1000 times of liquid of 75% tpn wetting powder to spray to the railway carriage or compartment face.
Thick 0.2~the 0.4cm of described non-woven geotextile, this non-woven geotextile width edges at two ends partly is placed in the ditch of railway carriage or compartment; Then non-woven geotextile and railway carriage or compartment, land for growing field crops face are sprayed water, make railway carriage or compartment face soil and non-woven geotextile fully moistening.
Described cordate houttuynia kind stem is selected from annual or biennial maternal subterranean stem, every cordate houttuynia kind stem is trimmed to the length with 4~5 joints, then with 800 times of liquid of Tuzet of 800 times of liquid of topsin of 50% concentration or 600~800 times of liquid of 50% carbendazol wettable powder or 25% concentration to the sterilization of soaking seed of cordate houttuynia kind stem, approximately 5~10 minutes processing time; After drying, sow again.
In the present invention, the line-spacing of described cordate houttuynia kind stem is 25~30cm, and spacing in the rows is 3~5cm, and described spacing in the rows is the distance between cordate houttuynia kind stem and the joint end of planting stem.
Generally speaking, described seedling medium is selected from prior art, and its thickness D is 8cm~10cm.
When planting cordate houttuynia summer, need on the face of railway carriage or compartment, described land for growing field crops, 1~2 layer of sunshade net be set.
Described land for growing field crops does not need fertilising on the 1st year, and the later stage is carried out corresponding water management according to the cordate houttuynia upgrowth situation.
Cover in the winter time the crops straw of thick layer 4~5cm on the face matrix of railway carriage or compartment, described land for growing field crops, and execute 4 ~ 6Kg urea or 12 ~ 18Kg carbon ammonium on every mu of ground, spread fertilizer over the fields 1 ~ 3Kg straw decomposing inoculant at the railway carriage or compartment face simultaneously; Looking the cordate houttuynia upgrowth situation in spring, summer, autumn topdresses and water management accordingly.
By said method, the present invention adopts with the method for " non-woven geotextile is rebasing, discharge kind of a stem, seedling medium cover on cloth " and carries out the cordate houttuynia Production of Large Fields.
1) gardens " non-woven geotextile " is that a kind of afforestation, lawn produce proprietary material.There is quality loose, solid, the characteristic of the tiny and water-permeable and air permeable in gap and certain moisturizing between fiber.
2) seedling medium is widely used green fertilizer during vegetables, paddy rice large tracts of land are produced; Mainly for loading the nutrient matrix for growth of seedling in seedling-cultivating tray (seedling dish) when vegetables production, paddy machinery sowing.
3) " non-woven geotextile " and seedling medium obtain respectively promotion and application widely in the crop production such as turfgrass, vegetables, its its cheap market price, and the specification kind can need customization according to plant growth.
Below the present invention will be further described, this cultivation method comprises the steps:
1. the first step, the preparation in land for growing field crops: select to have abundant water resources, irrigation and drainage easily field as land for growing field crops.First 5~6 days of whole ground, play the go out weed killer herbicide of natural disposition of wide spectrum large Tanaka.The land for growing field crops trench digging is established railway carriage or compartment, railway carriage or compartment face width degree is with non-woven geotextile width be as the criterion (or being cut into certain width by the railway carriage or compartment face width by non-woven geotextile), require railway carriage or compartment face width degree to be narrower than the width of non-woven geotextile, the about 45cm of the furrow width between railway carriage or compartment and railway carriage or compartment, dark about 35cm, enclose the corresponding increasing of ditch width and the degree of depth; Then railway carriage or compartment, land for growing field crops face is flattened.Field soil sterilization before transplanting, spray once to the railway carriage or compartment face with 1000~1500 times of liquid sprayings of 50% wetting powder or 600~1000 times of liquid of 75% tpn wetting powder.
2. second step, lay the lawn non-woven geotextile: during transplanting, at the railway carriage or compartment face layer overlay lawn non-woven geotextile that approximately 0.2~0.4cm is thick, length direction first non-woven geotextile is washed stretching after, at width, the unnecessary edge of non-woven geotextile is covered the ditch slope in two, railway carriage or compartment; Non-woven geotextile and railway carriage or compartment face are sprayed water, make railway carriage or compartment face soil and non-woven geotextile fully moistening.
3. the 3rd step, plant the preparation of stem and plant: before cordate houttuynia is planted, will plant stem (annual or biennial maternal subterranean stem) and stay 4~5 joint left and right to be cut into certain length, (clip requires smooth, and the cutter of use should be sterilized in advance); With 800 times of medicaments such as liquid of Tuzet of 800 times of liquid of topsin of 50% concentration or 600~800 times of liquid of 50% carbendazol wettable powder or 25% concentration to the sterilization of soaking seed of kind of a stem, approximately 5~10 minutes processing time; After drying, sow again.Kind stem after sterilization by the line-spacing of about 25~30cm left and right, neatly be laid on non-woven geotextile or on the non-woven geotextile upper berth after subsoil plantation on subsoil, the about 3~5cm in (spacing in the rows) interval between the joint end of stem and stem.
4. the 4th step covers seedling medium: cover at the railway carriage or compartment face that has discharged cordate houttuynia the seedling medium that a layer thickness D is 8~10cm, and stromal surface is smooth.
5. the 5th step, railway carriage or compartment face watering: finally sprinkle water completing on the railway carriage or compartment face of special seedling substrate, matrix and kind stem are fully contacted with moistening; As the summer culture cordate houttuynia, railway carriage or compartment, the front land for growing field crops face of emerging also needs to cover 1~2 layer of sunshade net.
6. the 6th step, field management: cordate houttuynia growth field management is with conventional, and because of the isolation effect of non-woven geotextile, growing period railway carriage or compartment face is without weeds, and land for growing field crops does not substantially need spraying herbicide and carries out artificial weeding, does not need to prevent and treat soil insect yet.
The 1st year, land for growing field crops did not need fertilising; Later stage is carried out corresponding water management according to the cordate houttuynia upgrowth situation.
Later annual winter (resting stage), after the cauline leaf of cordate houttuynia acrial part is withered fully, cover the approximately crops straws such as straw, straw or cornstalk of 4~5cm (better effects if after crops straw is pulverized or cut off) of thick layer on the face matrix of railway carriage or compartment, land for growing field crops, stalk evenly is laid in the railway carriage or compartment face, watering makes it fully moistening, and the stalk water content requires to rest in 60~70% left and right; 5Kg urea or 15Kg carbon ammonium are evenly executed in every mu of ground, the railway carriage or compartment face evenly spreads fertilizer over the fields the 2Kg straw decomposing inoculant simultaneously, effect through the microorganism fermentation, having eliminated has harmful substances such as the worm of falling ill, weed seed in the crops straw, the lignin in the stalk windrow, cellulose etc., and the mineral elements such as carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium decompose mineralising, form simple organic, thereby be decomposed into the absorbable nutrient component of cordate houttuynia, simultaneously, eliminated the damage by disease and insect in the stalk windrow; In spring, summer, autumn (vegetative period), according to the cordate houttuynia upgrowth situation, topdress accordingly and water management.After land for growing field crops cordate houttuynia growth cycle reaches 5~6 years, need again change kind of a stem, field and seedling medium cultivation.
The present invention has utilized the non-woven geotextile quality loose, solid, and the characteristic of the tiny and water-permeable and air permeable of mesh suppresses spreading with soil insect the rhizomatous harm of cordate houttuynia of weeds in field effectively, promotes the normal ordering growth of cordate houttuynia.On the underground stipes of cordate houttuynia, tiny fibrous root can penetrate in the non-woven geotextile aperture, deeply reaches the land for growing field crops subsoil, absorbs darker moisture and nutrient; But its sturdy subterranean stem can not go deep into, in the middle of the mesh of non-woven geotextile, can only growing in matrix, prevented that cordate houttuynia from, to soil vertical depths growth, reducing the workload while excavating greatly on cloth.Adopt this technical method can reduce the use of weed killer herbicide and agricultural chemicals, the ecotope that protects the fields, improve output and the quality of cordate houttuynia product, and man-hour, labour while reducing results improve work efficiency simultaneously.
Seedling medium is a kind of loose ventilative, balanced in nutrition and comprehensive and lasting, pH value is suitable (can be regulated, cordate houttuynia is suitable to grow in subacidity soil), not containing harmful microbe green fertilizers such as grass-seed, germ, parasites, owing to containing the materials such as certain vermiculite, the peat composed of rotten mosses, rapeseed meal in seedling medium, its water absorbing properties is strong, makes the water conservation of matrix effective; Be applicable to the cultivation production of cordate houttuynia fully.The seedling mediums such as vegetables had both had improvement soil, regulated soil physical and chemical property, increase soil fertility, and the fertilizer conservation water retaining function; The well developed root system of impelling is arranged again, stimulate plant growth, the characteristic of robust plant.Adopt loose substrate culture, in order to gather, subterranean stem provides convenience.
By production practices, with traditional usual manner comparative analysis, adopt the cultivation method of novel " non-woven geotextile is rebasing, seedling medium spread ", prove the successful of this invention technology high yield, high-quality, low consumption.The present invention has reasonably utilized the characteristic of non-woven geotextile and seedling medium, has improved the planting benefit of cordate houttuynia, to instruct cordate houttuynia etc. take subterranean stem as the production of main traditional Chinese medicine plant significant.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the present invention's field soil does not aborning need to turn over, and adopts no-tillage method, and physicochemical character and structure that can spoiled soil only need slightly flatten railway carriage or compartment, land for growing field crops face to get final product; First build the lawn non-woven geotextile at smooth railway carriage or compartment face, drenched cloth cover and land for growing field crops subsoil water, then discharged the cordate houttuynia subterranean stem by certain seeding row spacing on non-woven geotextile, covered immediately the seedling medium that 8~10cm is thick, later cordate houttuynia growing period does not need to use the medicaments such as weed killer herbicide; Special seedling substrate soil above non-woven geotextile has the effect of effectively adsorbing the field deep phreatic water and keeps the larger water-holding capacity in field, forms a kind of wet condition that is conducive to the cordate houttuynia growth; Seedling medium be a kind ofly breathe freely, sterilize, comprehensive nutrition, the Nutrition Soil matrix of polluting without damage by disease and insect, this matrix low price, in the crop production such as vegetables, paddy rice, large-scale popularization is used; The loose micro-ecological environment that can change land for growing field crops of this matrix, gas permeability and the oxygen content of increase soil, can not cause hardening of field surface soil.Can keep again matrix soil moistening, keep the larger water-holding capacity in field; Can form so a kind of habitat that well is conducive to the growth of cordate houttuynia rhizome.
The present invention has accelerated the rhizomatous growth rate of cordate houttuynia, realizes that cordate houttuynia produces efficient, high yield and high-quality.With " non-woven geotextile is rebasing, seedling medium cover " culture technique, with cordate houttuynia conventional cultivation method, compare, new technology can reduce effectively produces Tanaka weeds and soil insect, avoids using of weed killer herbicide and agricultural chemicals, and environment protects the fields; Prevent that the cordate houttuynia subterranean stem from developing in depth and breadth to soil simultaneously; Because the seedling matrix material of face soil is loose, while gathering subterranean stem, light and handy fast, earthing is convenient, saves man-hour and labour, raising work efficiency; This invention technology has increased output and the quality of cordate houttuynia output greatly.Be conducive to gather and remove cordate houttuynia growth later stage subterranean stem in great numbers, extending the economic growth cycle of cordate houttuynia.
The present invention has good ecology, economic and social benefit; It has a extensive future.
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further elaborated.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the normal cross-section layering schematic diagram of land for growing field crops of the present invention envelope.
In the drawings
1-land for growing field crops envelope subsoil; 2-railway carriage or compartment ditch; The 3-non-woven geotextile; 4-cordate houttuynia kind stem;
The 5-seedling medium; D-seedling medium thickness.
Embodiment
2012, carried out the test of cordate houttuynia ecological cultivation in oolong village, liuyang hunan Bei Sheng town, the land for growing field crops area is 1.0ha; In the time in early spring, in late Febuary, 2012, large Tanaka, make a call to the go out herbicide glyphosate of natural disposition of wide spectrum.Trench digging is established the face leveling of ,Jiang railway carriage or compartment, railway carriage or compartment.(transplant first 1 day) after 6 days, field soil is sterilized: with 600~1000 times of liquid of 75% tpn wetting powder to the spraying of railway carriage or compartment, land for growing field crops face once.
2012, at the beginning of by the end of February to 6 month, Hunan was continuous to the early summer rainwater spring, the duration speciality, and field, North of Hunan each department ponding is serious, and particularly low lying areas, form local flood.Adopt seedling medium to cultivate, the draining infiltration is effective, and unnecessary rainwater is after the matrix infiltration, and major part is discharged through drain ditch, and the accumulated water phenomenon does not appear in the railway carriage or compartment face of planting the cordate houttuynia land for growing field crops.
On July 1st, 2012,1 is not later basic rainy, and the duration reaches the two weeks left and right, particularly occurs surpassing 35 ℃ of summer high temperatures, has formed again arid phenomenon.Now, the land for growing field crops cordate houttuynia is badly in need of keeping the skin wet, but, in the cordate houttuynia ecological cultivation experimental field in oolong village, Bei Sheng town, Liuyang, seedling medium lower floor is still in more moistening situation on inspection.Illustrate that vegetable seedling substrate moisturizing, water conservation effect are better.
With traditional usual manner comparative analysis, adopt the cultivation method of novel " non-woven geotextile is rebasing, seedling medium cover ", observe the growing state of its cordate houttuynia, because of waterlogging and drought reason, the undergrowth situation does not appear.
The content that above-described embodiment is illustrated should be understood to these embodiment only for being illustrated more clearly in the present invention, and be not used in, limit the scope of the invention, after having read the present invention, those skilled in the art all fall within the application's claims limited range to the modification of the various equivalent form of values of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. a cordate houttuynia ecological cultivation method, is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
1) preparation in land for growing field crops: select to have abundant water resources, irrigation and drainage field are easily carried out soil disinfection and herbicide spraying as ,Bing Dui land for growing field crops, land for growing field crops;
2) lay non-woven geotextile on land for growing field crops;
3) preparation of cordate houttuynia kind stem and planting: before cordate houttuynia is planted, will plant the stem sterilization, and while planting, cordate houttuynia kind stem will be layered on non-woven geotextile;
4) cover seedling medium: cover one deck seedling medium on the railway carriage or compartment face that has discharged cordate houttuynia kind stem;
5) railway carriage or compartment face watering: sprinkle water completing on the railway carriage or compartment face of seedling medium, matrix is fully contacted with moistening with cordate houttuynia kind stem;
6) field management: according to conventional method, carry out cordate houttuynia growth field management;
After described land for growing field crops is chosen, whole first 5~6 days of large Tagayasu Den, spray the go out weed killer herbicide of natural disposition of wide spectrum; Large Tagayasu Den flatten railway carriage or compartment, land for growing field crops face ditch and establish railway carriage or compartment when whole, and railway carriage or compartment face width degree is as the criterion with the non-woven geotextile width and railway carriage or compartment face width degree is narrower than the width of non-woven geotextile, and the furrow width 30cm ~ 50cm between railway carriage or compartment and railway carriage or compartment, 20cm ~ 40cm deeply, enclose the ditch width and depth ratio railway carriage or compartment ditch is large; Cordate houttuynia kind stem carries out disinfection to field soil before transplanting, and adopts 1000~1500 times of liquid sprayings of 50% wetting powder or 600~1000 times of liquid of 75% tpn wetting powder to spray to the railway carriage or compartment face;
Thick 0.2~the 0.4cm of described non-woven geotextile, this non-woven geotextile width edges at two ends partly is placed in the ditch of railway carriage or compartment; Then non-woven geotextile and railway carriage or compartment, land for growing field crops face are sprayed water, make railway carriage or compartment face soil and non-woven geotextile fully moistening ;
Described cordate houttuynia kind stem is selected from annual or biennial maternal subterranean stem, every cordate houttuynia kind stem is trimmed to the length with 4~5 joints, then with 800 times of liquid of Tuzet of 800 times of liquid of topsin of 50% concentration or 600~800 times of liquid of 50% carbendazol wettable powder or 25% concentration to the sterilization of soaking seed of cordate houttuynia kind stem, 5~10 minutes processing times; After drying, sow again;
Cover in the winter time the crops straw of thick layer 4~5cm on the face matrix of railway carriage or compartment, described land for growing field crops, and execute 4 ~ 6Kg urea or 12 ~ 18Kg carbon ammonium on every mu of ground, spread fertilizer over the fields 1 ~ 3Kg straw decomposing inoculant at the railway carriage or compartment face simultaneously; Looking the cordate houttuynia upgrowth situation in spring, summer, autumn topdresses and water management accordingly.
2. cordate houttuynia ecological cultivation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the line-spacing of described cordate houttuynia kind stem is 25~30cm, and spacing in the rows is 3~5cm.
3. cordate houttuynia ecological cultivation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described seedling medium thickness D is 8cm~10cm.
4. cordate houttuynia ecological cultivation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, railway carriage or compartment, described land for growing field crops face is provided with 1~2 layer of sunshade net.
5. cordate houttuynia ecological cultivation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described land for growing field crops does not need fertilising on the 1st year, and the later stage is carried out corresponding water management according to the cordate houttuynia upgrowth situation.
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