CN102771284B - Ecological cultivation method for houttuynia cordata - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an ecological cultivation method of Houttuynia cordata, and relates to the fields of agricultural ecology and crop cultivation. The cultivation method includes: field preparation, seed stem disinfection, non-woven geotextile laying, seed stem laying, seedling raising substrate covering, field growth management and other processes. The invention adopts the method of "bottoming with non-woven geotextile, discharging seed stems in the middle, and covering with seedling substrate" to cultivate the stems of Houttuynia cordata, optimize the growth environment of underground stems, promote its rapid growth, make it high-yield and high-quality, and greatly reduce weeds and underground pests, and reduce environmental pollution caused by pesticide application in farmland; in addition, the present invention also greatly reduces work intensity, saves man-hours, and effectively reduces production costs.

Description

A kind of Houttuynia cordata ecological cultivation method

technical field

The invention relates to the field of houttuynia cultivation, in particular to an ecological cultivation method of houttuynia cordata.

Background technique

Houttuynia cordata Thunb, belonging to the genus Houttuynia cordata Thunb, is a perennial herbaceous plant. Houttuynia cordata plants are short and semi-prostrate, and are mainly distributed in the Yangtze River Basin and south of the Yangtze River. Its growth requires certain habitat conditions; Houttuynia cordata likes a warm and humid environment, and is more shade-tolerant; it mostly grows wild near damp water , shady hillsides, low-lying lands, village ridges, ditches and field edges, and grow well in air-permeable sandy loam. Houttuynia cordata is a health-care wild vegetable that can be used both as medicine and food. The whole plant can be used as medicine; It has been widely used in the development of pharmaceutical products and related preparation raw materials, and its large-scale cultivation and production have begun to be used; in some areas in southern my country, especially in southwestern provinces, folk cultivation and consumption of Houttuynia cordata rhizomes are very common, and the market has a high demand for Houttuynia cordata. Grass is in high demand.

In terms of the cultivation technology of Houttuynia cordata, some agricultural production science and technology workers have conducted various researches and explorations on the growth environment, propagation methods, site selection and preparation, sowing, field management, and pest control of Houttuynia cordata. Nowadays, the production of Houttuynia cordata is basically the traditional conventional cultivation method, that is, the underground stems are arranged in the field according to a certain depth and row spacing, and then the stems are covered with soil, and the conventional fertilizer, water, pest and weed management are carried out during the growth period; A small number of them are greenhouse aerosol cultivation methods, but the production cost of this method is too high, and the investment in capital and equipment is large. Today, there are few more systematic and in-depth practical studies on the high-efficiency, high-yield and high-quality cultivation techniques of Houttuynia cordata.

There are two main restrictive factors in the production of Houttuynia cordata. On the one hand, because Houttuynia cordata is a perennial plant, the growth and development stages are synchronized with the growth of weeds, and weed control has become a difficult problem. Therefore, in the middle and later stages of growth and breeding Weeds are abundant in the field, and manual weeding requires a lot of labor and takes a long time. The use of chemical herbicides is not thorough and the effect is poor. Because Houttuynia cordata is a dicotyledonous plant, herbicides that kill dicotyledonous weeds cannot be used in field production weeding , thus requiring a large amount of labor and pesticides for control. On the other hand, when the rhizomes are harvested each time, excavation of the soil, cleaning and harvesting of the rhizomes, and backfilling of the soil also require a lot of man-hours and labor; the procedures are complicated and the work efficiency is low.

Contents of the invention

In order to solve the above two outstanding problems in the production of Houttuynia cordata, the present invention aims to provide a method for ecological cultivation of Houttuynia cordata, which creates a habitat condition more suitable for the growth and development of Houttuynia cordata and facilitates harvesting. The growth and distribution of underground stems. The present invention uses the method of "bottoming non-woven geotextiles, discharging seed stems on the cloth, and covering seedling raising substrates". This technology has been demonstrated in production practice; analysis and comparison of related effects and benefits show that the technology of the invention is simple and easy to implement , High benefit. It has achieved the effects of high yield, high quality, high efficiency and environmental protection. This technology has opened up a new way for exploring the ecological cultivation method and production application of Houttuynia cordata, and provided a scientific basis for the development, utilization and production management of Houttuynia cordata in the future.

In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is:

A kind of Houttuynia cordata ecological cultivation method is characterized in that, comprises the steps:

1) Field preparation: Select a field with sufficient water source and convenient drainage and irrigation as the field, and disinfect the soil and spray herbicides on the field;

2) Lay non-woven geotextiles on the field;

3) Preparation and planting of Houttuynia cordata seed stems: before planting Houttuynia cordata stems, sterilize the seed stems, and spread the Houttuynia cordata seed stems on non-woven geotextiles during planting;

4) Cover the seedling-raising substrate: cover a layer of seedling-raising substrate on the compartment surface where the Houttuynia cordata seed stems have been discharged;

5) Sprinkle water on the car surface: Sprinkle water on the car surface where the seedling substrate is laid, so that the substrate and the stem of Houttuynia cordata can be fully contacted and moistened;

6) Field management: Carry out field management of Houttuynia cordata growth in accordance with conventional methods.

The conventional methods used in field management of Houttuynia cordata among the present invention can refer to the fourth chapter to the sixth chapter in the book "High Yield Cultivation and Utilization of Houttuynia cordata" published by Jindun Publishing House edited by Chen Can and Huang Huang.

The following scheme is a further improvement of the present invention.

After the field is selected, a broad-spectrum herbicide is sprayed 5 to 6 days before the field plowing; when the field is plowed, the field compartment surface is leveled and the compartment is opened. The width of the cloth shall prevail and the width of the compartment surface shall be narrower than that of the non-woven geotextile. The width of the ditch between the compartments is 30cm~50cm, and the depth is about 20cm~40cm. The width and depth of the surrounding ditch are larger than those of the compartment ditch; Disinfect the soil in the field before transplanting, spray 1000-1500 times liquid of 50% wettable powder or 600-1000 times liquid of 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder on the car surface.

The thickness of the non-woven geotextile is 0.2-0.4cm, and the edges of both ends of the non-woven geotextile in the width direction are placed in the compartment ditch; then the non-woven geotextile and the field compartment surface are sprayed with water to make the compartment surface soil and the non-woven geotextile The geotextile is fully moistened.

The stems of Houttuynia cordata are selected from annual or biennial female rhizomes, and each stem of Houttuynia cordata is trimmed to a length of 4 to 5 nodes, and then 800 times solution of thiophanate with 50% concentration or more than 50% Soak and sterilize the stems of Houttuynia cordata with 600-800 times liquid of betazolin wettable powder or 800 times liquid of tuzet with 25% concentration, and the treatment time is about 5-10 minutes; dry them before sowing.

In the present invention, the row spacing of the Houttuynia cordata seed stems is 25-30 cm, and the row spacing is 3-5 cm, and the row spacing is the distance between the Houttuynia cordata seed stems and the node ends of the seed stems.

Generally speaking, the seedling-raising substrate is selected from the prior art, and its thickness D is 8cm-10cm.

When planting Houttuynia cordata in summer, 1 to 2 layers of sunshade nets need to be set on the side of the field.

The field does not need to be fertilized in the first year, and the corresponding water management is carried out according to the growth status of Houttuynia cordata in the later stage.

Cover the field substrate with a layer of 4-5cm thick crop straw in winter, and apply 4-6Kg of urea or 12-18Kg of ammonium bicarbonate to each mu of land, and simultaneously apply 1-3Kg of straw decomposing agent on the surface of the field; Depending on the growth status of Houttuynia cordata in spring, summer and autumn, corresponding topdressing and water management should be carried out.

By means of the above method, the present invention adopts the method of "laying the bottom with non-woven geotextile, discharging the seed stems on the cloth, and covering with the seedling substrate" to carry out field production of Houttuynia cordata.

1) Garden "non-woven geotextile" is a special material for landscaping and lawn production. It has the characteristics of loose and firm texture, small gaps between fibers, water permeability and breathability, and certain moisturizing characteristics.

2) The seedling substrate is the green fertilizer widely used in the large-scale production of vegetables and rice; it is mainly used to fill the seedling tray (seeding tray) for seedling growth during vegetable production and rice mechanical sowing.

3) "Non-woven geotextiles" and seedling substrates have been widely promoted and applied in the production of turfgrass, vegetables and other crops respectively. The market price is low, and the specifications and types can be customized according to the needs of crop growth.

Below the present invention is further described, and this cultivation method comprises the steps:

1. The first step is the preparation of the field: choose a field with sufficient water source and convenient drainage and irrigation as the field. 5-6 days before soil preparation, apply a broad-spectrum herbicide once in the field. Daejeon is ditching and the box is set up. The width of the box is based on the width of the non-woven geotextile (or the non-woven geotextile is cut to a certain width according to the width of the box). The width of the box is required to be narrower than the width of the non-woven geotextile. The ditch between the boxes is about 45cm wide and 35cm deep, and the width and depth of the surrounding ditch are increased accordingly; then the surface of the field box is leveled. Before transplanting, the soil in the field is disinfected, sprayed with 1000-1500 times liquid of 50% wettable powder or 600-1000 times liquid of 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder once on the surface of the car.

2. The second step is to lay lawn non-woven geotextile: when transplanting, spread a layer of lawn non-woven geotextile about 0.2-0.4cm thick on the car surface, and first flatten and straighten the non-woven geotextile in the length direction Finally, in the width direction, make the excess edge of the non-woven geotextile cover the ditch and slope of the two compartments; spray water on the non-woven geotextile and the compartment surface to fully moisten the compartment surface soil and the non-woven geotextile.

3. The third step is the preparation and planting of the stem: before planting Houttuynia cordata, cut the stem (annual or biennial parent underground stem) to a certain length with about 4 to 5 knots (the cut should be flat, use The cutting tool should be disinfected in advance); use 50% concentration of thiophanate 800 times solution or 50% carbendazim wettable powder 600-800 times solution or 25% concentration of tuzet 800 times solution to soak and disinfect the seed stems , The processing time is about 5 to 10 minutes; dry before sowing. The sterilized stems are neatly spread on the non-woven geotextile with a row spacing of about 25-30cm or spread on the non-woven geotextile and then planted on the subsoil. The distance between the stem and the node end of the stem (plant spacing) About 3-5cm.

4. The fourth step is to cover the seedling-raising substrate: cover a layer of seedling-raising substrate with a thickness D of 8-10 cm on the surface of the houttuynia cordata that has been discharged, and smooth the surface of the substrate.

5. Step 5: Sprinkle water on the car surface: Finally, sprinkle water on the car surface where the seedling special substrate has been laid, so that the substrate and the stem can be fully contacted and moistened; if Houttuynia cordata is cultivated in summer, the field car surface needs to be covered for 1 hour before emergence. ~ 2 layers of shade net.

6. The sixth step, field management: The field management of Houttuynia cordata growth is the same as the conventional one. Due to the isolation effect of the non-woven geotextile, there are no weeds on the car surface during the growth period. There is basically no need for herbicides and manual weeding in the field, and there is no need Control underground pests.

In the first year, there is no need to fertilize the field; in the later period, corresponding water management should be carried out according to the growth status of Houttuynia cordata.

Every winter (dormant period) in the future, after the stems and leaves of the aboveground part of Houttuynia cordata completely wither, cover a layer of straw, wheat straw or corn stalk with a thickness of about 4 to 5 cm on the field substrate (the crop straw The effect will be better after crushing or cutting), the straw is evenly spread on the car surface, sprinkled with water to make it fully moist, the water content of the straw is required to be controlled at about 60-70%; 5Kg urea or 15Kg ammonium bicarbonate is evenly applied to each mu of land, and at the same time Evenly spread 2Kg of straw decomposing agent, and through the action of microbial fermentation, harmful substances such as pests and weed seeds in crop straws, lignin, cellulose, etc., as well as carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, Potassium and other mineral elements are decomposed and mineralized to form simple organic matter, which can be decomposed into nutrients that can be absorbed by Houttuynia cordata. At the same time, pests and diseases in straw piles are eliminated; Carry out topdressing and water management according to the growth condition of the grass. After the growth cycle of Daejeon Houttuynia reaches 5 to 6 years, it is necessary to replace the seed stems, fields and seedling substrates for cultivation.

The invention utilizes the loose and firm texture of the non-woven geotextile, the small mesh and the characteristics of water and air permeability, effectively inhibits the spread of weeds in the field and the harm of underground pests to the underground stems of Houttuynia cordata, and promotes the normal and orderly growth of Houttuynia cordata. The tiny fibrous roots on the underground stem nodes of Houttuynia cordata can penetrate into the small holes of the non-woven geotextile, penetrate deep into the subsoil of the field, and absorb deeper water and nutrients; but its thick underground stems cannot penetrate into the mesh of the non-woven geotextile. It can grow in the substrate on the cloth, which prevents Houttuynia cordata from growing vertically deep into the soil, and greatly reduces the workload during excavation. The technical method can reduce the use of herbicides and pesticides, protect the ecological environment of farmland, improve the output and quality of Houttuynia cordata products, reduce working hours and labor during harvesting, and improve work efficiency.

The seedling substrate is a green fertilizer that is loose, air-permeable, nutritionally balanced, comprehensive and long-lasting, with a suitable pH value (can be adjusted, Houttuynia cordata is suitable for growth in slightly acidic soil), and does not contain harmful microorganisms such as grass seeds, germs, and parasites. The seedling-raising substrate contains certain materials such as vermiculite, peat, rapeseed powder, etc., which have strong water absorption performance, so that the substrate has a good water retention effect; it is completely suitable for the cultivation and production of Houttuynia cordata. Vegetable and other seedling substrates not only have the functions of improving soil, adjusting soil physical and chemical properties, improving soil fertility, and preserving fertilizer and water; but also have the characteristics of promoting root system development, stimulating crop growth, and strong plants. Cultivation with a loose substrate provides convenience for harvesting underground stems.

Through production practice, comparative analysis with traditional conventional methods, and the adoption of a new cultivation method of "non-woven geotextile bottom and seedling raising substrate", it is proved that the inventive technology has obvious effects of high yield, high quality and low consumption. The invention rationally utilizes the characteristics of the non-woven geotextile and the seedling-raising substrate, improves the planting benefit of the houttuynia cordata, and has great significance for guiding the production of the houttuynia cordata and other Chinese medicinal plants mainly composed of underground stems.

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effect of the present invention is that the field soil does not need to be plowed during production, and the no-tillage method is adopted, which will not damage the physical and chemical properties and structure of the soil, and only needs to slightly level the surface of the field. That's it; first cover the lawn non-woven geotextile on the flat surface, water the cloth surface and the field subsoil, and then arrange the underground stems of Houttuynia cordata on the non-woven geotextile according to a certain row spacing, and then cover 8 ~10cm thick seedling substrate, no need to apply herbicides and other chemicals during the growth of Houttuynia cordata in the future; the special substrate soil for seedling cultivation on the non-woven geotextile has the effect of effectively absorbing deep groundwater in the field and maintaining a large water holding capacity in the field, forming A moist condition that is beneficial to the growth of Houttuynia cordata; the seedling-raising substrate is a nutrient soil substrate that is air-permeable, sterilized, comprehensive in nutrition, and free from pests and diseases. The substrate is cheap and has been widely used in the production of vegetables, rice and other crops The loose matrix can change the micro-ecological environment of the field, increase the air permeability and oxygen content of the soil, and will not cause compaction of the field surface soil. It can also keep the matrix soil moist and maintain a large water holding capacity in the field; this can form a good habitat that is conducive to the growth of the rhizome of Houttuynia cordata.

The invention accelerates the growth rate of the rhizome of Houttuynia cordata, and realizes efficient, high-yield and high-quality production of Houttuynia cordata. Compared with the conventional cultivation method of Houttuynia cordata, the cultivation technology of "non-woven geotextile base and seedling substrate covering" can effectively reduce the production of weeds and underground pests in the field, avoid the application of herbicides and pesticides, and protect the farmland environment; at the same time Prevent the underground stems of Houttuynia cordata from developing deep into the soil; due to the loose seedling substrate material of the surface soil, when harvesting the underground stems, it is light and fast, and it is convenient to cover the soil, saving man-hours and labor, and improving work efficiency; the inventive technology greatly increases the output of Houttuynia cordata. yield and quality. It is beneficial to harvest and remove the luxuriant underground stems of Houttuynia cordata in the late growth period, and prolong the economic growth cycle of Houttuynia cordata.

The invention has good ecological, economic and social benefits; its prospect is broad.

The present invention will be further elaborated below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a frontal section layered schematic diagram of the field box body of the present invention.

In the picture

1- Subsoil of field box body; 2- Box ditch; 3- Non-woven geotextile; 4- Houttuynia cordata seed stem;

5-seedling substrate; D-thickness of seedling substrate.

Detailed ways

In 2012, an ecological cultivation experiment of Houttuynia cordata was carried out in Wulong Village, Beisheng Town, Liuyang, Hunan Province, with a field area of 1.0ha; in early spring, that is, in late February 2012, a broad-spectrum herbicide was used in the field once. Glyphosate. Ditch and set up the compartment to level the compartment surface. After 6 days (1 day before transplanting), disinfect the field soil: spray once on the surface of the field with 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 600-1000 times.

In 2012, from the end of February to the beginning of June, there was continuous rain in Hunan from spring to early summer, and the duration was extremely long. The fields in northern Hunan were severely flooded, especially in low-lying areas, causing local floods. Cultivated with seedling substrate, the effect of drainage and water seepage is good. After the excess rainwater permeates through the substrate, most of it is discharged through the drainage ditch, and there is no waterlogging phenomenon in the field where Houttuynia cordata is planted.

On July 1, 2012, there was basically no rain after the 1st, and the duration lasted for about half a month, especially when the high temperature in summer exceeded 35°C, forming a drought phenomenon. At this time, Houttuynia cordata in Daejeon urgently needs to be supplemented with water, but in the experimental field of ecological cultivation of Houttuynia cordata in Wulong Village, Beisheng Town, Liuyang, the lower layer of the seedling substrate is still relatively humid after inspection. It shows that the vegetable seedling substrate has better moisture retention and water retention effect.

Compared with the traditional conventional method, the new cultivation method of "non-woven geotextile bottom and seedling substrate coverage" was used to observe the growth of Houttuynia cordata, and there was no poor growth due to waterlogging and drought.

The above-mentioned embodiments should be understood that these embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention more clearly, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. After reading the present invention, those skilled in the art will understand the various equivalent forms of the present invention All modifications fall within the scope defined by the appended claims of the present application.

Claims (5)

1. a cordate houttuynia ecological cultivation method, is characterized in that, comprises the steps:

1) preparation in land for growing field crops: select to have abundant water resources, irrigation and drainage field are easily carried out soil disinfection and herbicide spraying as ，Bing Dui land for growing field crops, land for growing field crops;

2) lay non-woven geotextile on land for growing field crops;

3) preparation of cordate houttuynia kind stem and planting: before cordate houttuynia is planted, will plant the stem sterilization, and while planting, cordate houttuynia kind stem will be layered on non-woven geotextile;

4) cover seedling medium: cover one deck seedling medium on the railway carriage or compartment face that has discharged cordate houttuynia kind stem;

5) railway carriage or compartment face watering: sprinkle water completing on the railway carriage or compartment face of seedling medium, matrix is fully contacted with moistening with cordate houttuynia kind stem;

6) field management: according to conventional method, carry out cordate houttuynia growth field management;

After described land for growing field crops is chosen, whole first 5～6 days of large Tagayasu Den, spray the go out weed killer herbicide of natural disposition of wide spectrum; Large Tagayasu Den flatten railway carriage or compartment, land for growing field crops face ditch and establish railway carriage or compartment when whole, and railway carriage or compartment face width degree is as the criterion with the non-woven geotextile width and railway carriage or compartment face width degree is narrower than the width of non-woven geotextile, and the furrow width 30cm ~ 50cm between railway carriage or compartment and railway carriage or compartment, 20cm ~ 40cm deeply, enclose the ditch width and depth ratio railway carriage or compartment ditch is large; Cordate houttuynia kind stem carries out disinfection to field soil before transplanting, and adopts 1000～1500 times of liquid sprayings of 50% wetting powder or 600～1000 times of liquid of 75% tpn wetting powder to spray to the railway carriage or compartment face;

Thick 0.2～the 0.4cm of described non-woven geotextile, this non-woven geotextile width edges at two ends partly is placed in the ditch of railway carriage or compartment; Then non-woven geotextile and railway carriage or compartment, land for growing field crops face are sprayed water, make railway carriage or compartment face soil and non-woven geotextile fully moistening ;

Described cordate houttuynia kind stem is selected from annual or biennial maternal subterranean stem, every cordate houttuynia kind stem is trimmed to the length with 4～5 joints, then with 800 times of liquid of Tuzet of 800 times of liquid of topsin of 50% concentration or 600～800 times of liquid of 50% carbendazol wettable powder or 25% concentration to the sterilization of soaking seed of cordate houttuynia kind stem, 5～10 minutes processing times; After drying, sow again;

Cover in the winter time the crops straw of thick layer 4～5cm on the face matrix of railway carriage or compartment, described land for growing field crops, and execute 4 ~ 6Kg urea or 12 ~ 18Kg carbon ammonium on every mu of ground, spread fertilizer over the fields 1 ~ 3Kg straw decomposing inoculant at the railway carriage or compartment face simultaneously; Looking the cordate houttuynia upgrowth situation in spring, summer, autumn topdresses and water management accordingly.

2. cordate houttuynia ecological cultivation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the line-spacing of described cordate houttuynia kind stem is 25～30cm, and spacing in the rows is 3～5cm.

3. cordate houttuynia ecological cultivation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described seedling medium thickness D is 8cm～10cm.

4. cordate houttuynia ecological cultivation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, railway carriage or compartment, described land for growing field crops face is provided with 1～2 layer of sunshade net.

5. cordate houttuynia ecological cultivation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described land for growing field crops does not need fertilising on the 1st year, and the later stage is carried out corresponding water management according to the cordate houttuynia upgrowth situation.

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