CN107278740A - A kind of rocky mountainous area Rice Cropping new technology - Google Patents
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Abstract
A kind of rocky mountainous area Rice Cropping new technology：Specifically include following steps：First, selection of land：Relatively low physical features, flat fertile, spring and summer, autumn should be selected all in the plot for moistening, having certain irrigation conditions.2nd, from drought-enduring type hybrid rice variety.3rd, " dry-raised nurse " seed dressing dry rice seedling technology.4th, finely harrow a field, use sufficient base manure.5th, plant in time.6th, field management：（One）Scientific application of irrigation.Natural rainfall is made full use of, takes practicable water-saving method to carry out scientific and reasonable irrigate.（Two）Rationally topdress.7th, harvest in good time.Beneficial effects of the present invention：The fundamental shifts of mountain area plant of grain crops structure can be achieved, solve the problems, such as the flour and rice of no paddy field hill farmer, increase land output, increase substantially the benefit of land area of one unit, had important practical significance to accelerating increasing peasant income and accurate help-the-poor campaign process.
Description
Technical field
A kind of rocky mountainous area Rice Cropping new technology is specifically related to the invention belongs to proportion of crop planting technical field .
Background technology
Paddy rice is one of most important cereal crops of China, and its cultivated area accounts for the 30% of cereal crops area, and yield accounts for grain
The 40% of total yield is eaten, rice is the staple food of the population of China more than 50%, and paddy rice occupies an important position in national economy.The eighties
Since, by promoting the hybrid rice of Academician YUAN Long-ping, the food problem of Chinese population is not only solved, and solve the world
Many Rice Cropping states yield is difficult to " bottleneck " improved, so as to have very great help to alleviating world food crisis, this is one
Gratifying progress.But with the growth of China human mortality, the reduction in arable land is production-scale narrow and small, and the shortage of water resource is arid
A series of problems, such as threat, propulsion of conceding the land to forestry, objectively all exacerbates the demand contradictory of grain, more indicates China current
Food problem also there are a variety of hidden danger and risk can not look down upon.
Grain security has its own strategic significance for China's economic development and social stability.It is reported that, China is at present about
There are 500,000,000 mu of paddy rice, be concentrated mainly on the Changjiang river areas to the south.In the southwest such as osmanthus, cloud, expensive, many rural areas are in rocky mountainous area,
Mountain area is because without surface pond, cereal crops are always based on maize planting, sweet potato.Therefore, the bar that Study On Rice growth needs
Part, finds a kind of method, the cultivation technique of a kind of drought resisting, water saving, saving of labor, abridged edition, synergy is probed into, in the vast tor without paddy field
Rice Cropping is promoted in area production, to solving vast mountain area masses foodgrain self-sufficiency, is improved hill farmer quality of life, is accelerated mountain area
Accurate help-the-poor campaign process, has important practical significance.
Domestic big 8.95 ten thousand square kilometres of the tor area in Guangxi, irrigates problem, from 2000 to solve Guangxi Karst Region
Start, Guangxi autonomous regional government carries out 300,000 18,000,000 cubes of total capacities in the area such as rivers and ponds, Baise in the way of decisive battle
The field water cellar collection rain of rice irrigates aid-the-poor project.By so-called field water cellar, i.e., nonirrigated farmland at the foot of the hill, built with sandstone, cement
Capacity is in tens of, hundreds of cubic meters so that the cistern of upper kilostere not etc., rainwater is drawn and is connected in pond, is drawn during to need
Fill arable land.Water tank according to one about 60 cubic meters capacity of measuring and calculating can make 1.5 mu of nonirrigated farmland realize high yields irrespective of drought or water logging high yield substantially, and change
Cropping system is become, has made to be only capable of kind of a corn to be changed into that paddy can be planted, also improved per unit area yield, tor nonirrigated farmland is from about 200 kilograms of jade of per mu yield
Rice brings up to 400 kilograms of paddy of per mu yield, continues into the present, have accumulated abundant rocky mountainous area Rice Cropping technology and experience.
The content of the invention
The object of the invention is confined to paddy field kind paddy rice aiming at prior art, and provides a kind of rocky mountainous area Rice Cropping
New technology.
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are realized using following technical scheme.A kind of rocky mountainous area Rice Cropping is new
Technology specifically includes following steps：
First, selection of land and site preparation：Paddy rice is planted in nonirrigated farmland, is to lean on nature soil moisture content water conservation, growth quality and soil property, soil fertility and site preparation matter
Amount has much relations；Therefore, relatively low physical features, flat fertile, spring and summer, autumn should be selected all in moistening, have certain irrigation
Condition（There is surface pond and have field water cellar retaining）Plot；Site preparation is accurate, and site preparation is uneven, it is thinless to rake the soil level, and can influence
Preserve soil moisture fertilizer conservation, the later stage is poured water deep mixed；Therefore, native broken, Horizon, without light and shade clod, hanged with outstanding cultivated plough and plough rake 3-4 times,
Advocate the winter and turn over winter rake, the snow-broth weathering through a winter reaches curing, improves soil physicochemical property；Rotary tillage wants the depth consistent, plough sole
It is smooth, plough deeply and reach 20-25 centimetres；
2nd, from drought-enduring type hybrid rice variety：Guangxi academy of agricultural sciences rice research passes through the l tacklings of key scientific and technical problems of more than 0 years, develops
Go out drought-enduring, High-Yielding Hybrid Rice " training miscellaneous osmanthus drought No. 1 ", it be the current comparative maturity of China drought tolerance it is stronger floods and droughts it is dual-purpose indica type
Hybrid paddy rice；This scientific achievement will ensure that water resource lacks, without the stable high yield for irrigating or irrigating not enough regional paddy rice, and greatly
Measure saving water resource.Rice matter totally reaches two grades of superior rice standards of national standard；
3rd, " dry-raised nurse " seed dressing dry rice seedling technology：（One）The seedling time；According to the principle of " rice shoot to coincide crop field ", Guangxi
Rivers and ponds rocky mountainous area such as belongs at the fields on hill tops which depend on rains for water that water transplants seedlings, and whole breeding time, the seedling time was preferably on April based on natural precipitation
The middle ten days is preferably；（Two）Seedling-cultivation technique main points：1st, foster and apply fertilizer bed；Selection the convenient vegetable garden in water source or burn soil do seedbed, by every
The ratio in 0.06 mu of rice field of mu is with getting out seedbed.Sowing is dug for first 7-10 days, is applied light biogas liquid dung 3-5 and is carried on a shoulder pole.Sowing
First 1 day or the same day, by the whole thin, leveling in bed ground, took appropriate table soil to cross standby after scalping；Simultaneously urea, phosphorus ammonium are spread fertilizer over the fields per railway carriage or compartment seedbed
Each 0.25 kilogram, uniformly weeding and make base fertilizer into soil；2nd, water of revealing the exact details is applied；Every square metre uses sufficient 50-60 kilograms of bottom water (pouring is applied, never
Sprinkle and apply, otherwise easily hardened and apply impermeable), make more than 10 centimetres of topsoil fully drenched, then railway carriage or compartment face is gently pressed with seedling plate, take and get ready
Fine earth fill and lead up railway carriage or compartment face；3rd, it is coated sowing；Half an hour is soaked to 24 hours with clear water after seed rice is dried；Filter off excessive moisture,
Appropriate blow is dried in the air and (is not touched with one's hand and be advisable with seed), is poured into container；By dry-raised nurse：Seed=1:3 ratio pours into dry-raised nurse
(now open, now mix, now broadcasting), sieves when shaking, medicament is equably wrapped in seed rice surface；Unnecessary medicament is weeded out, is sowed immediately, to prevent
Bond；Then with the cm thick of fine earth lid kind 0.5 (to lose seed as degree)；Finally take the insulation of ledge film；4th, strengthen management；Emerge
It is preceding based on insulation, but answer high temperature-proof burn seedlings；Take off film it is previous as do not water；Film hardening is taken off according to weather during 31 heart of leaf, while with
Clear water (weak seedling adds appropriate cleaning up excrement water to convert 0.4% urea) carries seedling 2-3 times at (interval 3-5 days).Transplanted during 4-5 leaf seedlings seedlings；
4th, finely harrow a field, use sufficient base manure：Rocky mountainous area water shortage, after preceding crop harvest, should rob when season well-behaved heavy rain comes and draw mountain
Flood harrows crop field in time；1500-2000 kilograms of farm manure is applied before harrowing a field for every mu, is sprinkled evenly and is ploughed and bury, to improve soil
Physicochemical property, creates the rice field of stable high yield；Harrow a field and require that field is smooth, height difference is no more than 3-5 centimetres, and rake exists deeply
Between 15-20 centimetres, weeds, root stubble spinning are entered up to 4-20 centimetres of depths in mud, pressure stubble rate reaches whole rice field earth's surface
Face is in muddy, to be precipitated after raking the soil level, reach that certain mud pin depth can just carry out rice transplanting operation；It is required that the heavy Star of mud
Distinguished to muddy water, 5-8 centimetres of depth of mud, 1-3 centimetres of the depth of water, table soil soft durometer is moderate；
5th, plant in time：Top layer base fertilizer is applied again before planting, and depending on dose should be according to the soil girth of a garment, is typically applied N P and K and is combined
It is fertile 35kg/ mus；That carries out rice transplanting should sprinkle saturating seedbed in 1 day before cultivation, and individual plant is separated during seedling taking, is planted with realizing that dribbling is thrown, mu is thrown
The pockets of 1.6-1.8 ten thousand；Railway carriage or compartment (ditch containing railway carriage or compartment) is opened by 2 meters when manually planting, railway carriage or compartment face is substantially smooth；Culturable standard：Moved using lead
Plant, 6 × 7 cun of pocket line-spacing, mu plants the pockets of 1.5-1.7 ten thousand；This railway carriage or compartment face planting type, after rice shoot seals ridge, does not interfere with field
Normal ventilation, is conducive to the accumulation of paddy rice middle and later periods nutriment, so as to the yield and product of significant lifting paddy rice
Matter；Rice shoot is also easier to bunchy after growing up, and can facilitate the harvest operation after maturation, reduce labor intensity；Meanwhile, shoot transplanting equipment
Afterwards, rice shoot should be observed every other day and survive situation, dead seedling and rotten seedling plant are found in time, and carry out reseed work in time；
6th, field management：（One）Scientific application of irrigation：Paddy rice be at the center that water pipe skill is cultivated in rocky mountainous area using natural rainfall and
Water saving, its principle is, according to Rice Physiological law of needing the water, natural rainfall to be made full use of, to improve water utilization to greatest extent
Rate, reaches that high-efficiency water-saving increases production；Practicable water-saving method is taken to carry out scientific and reasonable irrigate：Shallow water (2 cm) is planted
Seedling and turn green；Tiller early stage carries out wetting irrigation for paddy field or Dry-wet alternate irrigation, promotes tiller early growth and quick tiller；The tiller later stage is when every mu of seedling
Number starts dry field when reaching 8-10 ten thousand, shines opens small gap to field side for the first time, pin, which is stepped on, not to sink, multiple shallow water fall naturally by it is dry,
Put field and fill within 2-3 days shallow water again, so repeatedly 2-3 times, reach white it is exposed, standing grain color take off it is light, root thick bar strengthen；Ear differentiation is to taking out
Fringe blooming stage, which is carried out shallow water (2 cm) and irrigated, promotees big fringe；Pustulation period is irrigated using dry dry and wet wet alternate, is supported Gen Baoye and is promoted to fill
Starch, or so ripe the last week cuts off the water supply；（Two）Rationally topdress：The principle rationally topdressed is preceding rush, mesopodium, supported afterwards, i.e., apply in good time
Promote fetilizer for tillering, increase ear manuer, it is motor-driven to have applied granulated fertilizer, to promote fringe, grain number, grain weight three's harmonious development, make yield composition factor more
Become reasonable；Promote fetilizer for tillering fertilising should after cultivation 7-10 with reference to pouring water for the first time, every mu with 30 kilograms of compound fertilizer dedicated to paddy, to promote
Make rice seedling early growth and quick tiller；In middle of tillering, i.e., applying again for 12-15 days after applying fertilizer for the first time once protects fetilizer for tillering, and it is public that mu applies urea 10
Jin；Go out the fringe previous moon, then apply disposable fertilizer, mu applies formation of 8-10 kilograms of the ammonium sulfate to promote grain husk flower；Go out before fringe 18-20 days
（Boot stage）See that appearance applies a granulated fertilizer, mu applies 2-3 kilograms of ammonium sulfate, to promote paddy rice consolidation and the raising of mass of 1000 kernel；（Three）
Prevent and treat disease pest；It should be prevented and treated according to the principle of integrated control；
7th, harvest in good time：Paddy rice is gathered in time after being easier to shattering, maturation, in order to avoid cause the unnecessary underproduction.
Beneficial effects of the present invention：The fundamental shifts of mountain area plant of grain crops structure can be achieved, solve without paddy field mountain
The flour and rice problem of area peasant, increases land output, increases substantially the benefit of land area of one unit, the speed to accelerating increasing peasant income
Degree, accelerates the accurate help-the-poor campaign process in mountain area, has important practical significance.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of rocky mountainous area Rice Cropping new technology specifically includes following steps：
First, selection of land and site preparation：Paddy rice is planted in nonirrigated farmland, is to lean on nature soil moisture content water conservation, growth quality and soil property, soil fertility and site preparation matter
Amount has much relations；Therefore, relatively low physical features, flat fertile, spring and summer, autumn should be selected all in moistening, have certain irrigation
Condition（There is surface pond and have field water cellar retaining）Plot；Site preparation is accurate, and site preparation is uneven, it is thinless to rake the soil level, and can influence
Preserve soil moisture fertilizer conservation, the later stage is poured water deep mixed；Therefore, native broken, Horizon, without light and shade clod, hanged with outstanding cultivated plough and plough rake 3-4 times,
Advocate the winter and turn over winter rake, the snow-broth weathering through a winter reaches curing, improves soil physicochemical property；Rotary tillage wants the depth consistent, plough sole
It is smooth, plough deeply and reach 20-25 centimetres；
2nd, from drought-enduring type hybrid rice variety：Guangxi academy of agricultural sciences rice research passes through the l tacklings of key scientific and technical problems of more than 0 years, develops
Go out drought-enduring, High-Yielding Hybrid Rice " training miscellaneous osmanthus drought No. 1 ", it be the current comparative maturity of China drought tolerance it is stronger floods and droughts it is dual-purpose indica type
Hybrid paddy rice；This scientific achievement will ensure that water resource lacks, without the stable high yield for irrigating or irrigating not enough regional paddy rice, and greatly
Measure saving water resource；Rice matter totally reaches two grades of superior rice standards of national standard；
3rd, " dry-raised nurse " seed dressing dry rice seedling technology：（One）The seedling time；According to the principle of " rice shoot to coincide crop field ", Guangxi
Rivers and ponds rocky mountainous area such as belongs at the fields on hill tops which depend on rains for water that water transplants seedlings, and whole breeding time, the seedling time was preferably on April based on natural precipitation
The middle ten days is preferably；（Two）Seedling-cultivation technique main points：1st, foster and apply fertilizer bed；Selection the convenient vegetable garden in water source or burn soil do seedbed, by every
The ratio in 0.06 mu of rice field of mu is with getting out seedbed；Sowing is dug for first 7-10 days, is applied light biogas liquid dung 3-5 and is carried on a shoulder pole；Sowing
First 1 day or the same day, by the whole thin, leveling in bed ground, took appropriate table soil to cross standby after scalping；Simultaneously urea, phosphorus ammonium are spread fertilizer over the fields per railway carriage or compartment seedbed
Each 0.25 kilogram, uniformly weeding and make base fertilizer into soil；2nd, water of revealing the exact details is applied；Every square metre uses sufficient 50-60 kilograms of bottom water (pouring is applied, never
Sprinkle and apply, otherwise easily hardened and apply impermeable), make more than 10 centimetres of topsoil fully drenched, then railway carriage or compartment face is gently pressed with seedling plate, take and get ready
Fine earth fill and lead up railway carriage or compartment face；3rd, it is coated sowing；Half an hour is soaked to 24 hours with clear water after seed rice is dried；Filter off excessive moisture,
Appropriate blow is dried in the air and (is not touched with one's hand and be advisable with seed), is poured into container；By dry-raised nurse：Seed=1:3 ratio pours into dry-raised nurse
(now open, now mix, now broadcasting), sieves when shaking, medicament is equably wrapped in seed rice surface；Unnecessary medicament is weeded out, is sowed immediately, to prevent
Bond；Then with the cm thick of fine earth lid kind 0.5 (to lose seed as degree)；Finally take the insulation of ledge film；4th, strengthen management；Emerge
It is preceding based on insulation, but answer high temperature-proof burn seedlings；Take off film it is previous as do not water；Film hardening is taken off according to weather during 31 heart of leaf, while with
Clear water (weak seedling adds appropriate cleaning up excrement water to convert 0.4% urea) carries seedling 2-3 times at (interval 3-5 days)；Transplanted during 4-5 leaf seedlings seedlings；
4th, finely harrow a field, use sufficient base manure；Rocky mountainous area water shortage, after preceding crop harvest, should rob when season well-behaved heavy rain comes and draw mountain
Flood harrows crop field in time；1500-2000 kilograms of farm manure is applied before harrowing a field for every mu, is sprinkled evenly and is ploughed and bury, to improve soil
Physicochemical property, creates the rice field of stable high yield；Harrow a field and require that field is smooth, height difference is no more than 3-5 centimetres, and rake exists deeply
Between 15-20 centimetres, weeds, root stubble spinning are entered up to 4-20 centimetres of depths in mud, pressure stubble rate reaches whole rice field earth's surface
Face is in muddy, to be precipitated after raking the soil level, reach that certain mud pin depth can just carry out rice transplanting operation；It is required that the heavy Star of mud
Distinguished to muddy water, 5-8 centimetres of depth of mud, 1-3 centimetres of the depth of water, table soil soft durometer is moderate；
5th, plant in time；Top layer base fertilizer is applied again before planting, and depending on dose should be according to the soil girth of a garment, is typically applied N P and K and is combined
It is fertile 35kg/ mus；That carries out rice transplanting should sprinkle saturating seedbed in 1 day before cultivation, and individual plant is separated during seedling taking, is planted with realizing that dribbling is thrown, mu is thrown
The pockets of 1.6-1.8 ten thousand；Railway carriage or compartment (ditch containing railway carriage or compartment) is opened by 2 meters when manually planting, railway carriage or compartment face is substantially smooth；Culturable standard：Moved using lead
Plant, 6 × 7 cun of pocket line-spacing, mu plants the pockets of 1.5-1.7 ten thousand；This railway carriage or compartment face planting type, after rice shoot seals ridge, does not interfere with field
Normal ventilation, is conducive to the accumulation of paddy rice middle and later periods nutriment, so as to the yield and product of significant lifting paddy rice
Matter；Rice shoot is also easier to bunchy after growing up, and can facilitate the harvest operation after maturation, reduce labor intensity；Meanwhile, shoot transplanting equipment
Afterwards, rice shoot should be observed every other day and survive situation, dead seedling and rotten seedling plant are found in time, and carry out reseed work in time；
6th, field management：（One）Scientific application of irrigation；Paddy rice be at the center that water pipe skill is cultivated in rocky mountainous area using natural rainfall and
Water saving, its principle is, according to Rice Physiological law of needing the water, natural rainfall to be made full use of, to improve water utilization to greatest extent
Rate, reaches that high-efficiency water-saving increases production；Practicable water-saving method is taken to carry out scientific and reasonable irrigate：Shallow water (2 cm) is planted
Seedling and turn green；Tiller early stage carries out wetting irrigation for paddy field or Dry-wet alternate irrigation, promotes tiller early growth and quick tiller；The tiller later stage is when every mu of seedling
Number starts dry field when reaching 8-10 ten thousand, shines opens small gap to field side for the first time, pin, which is stepped on, not to sink, multiple shallow water fall naturally by it is dry,
Put field and fill within 2-3 days shallow water again, so repeatedly 2-3 times, reach white it is exposed, standing grain color take off it is light, root thick bar strengthen；Ear differentiation is to taking out
Fringe blooming stage, which is carried out shallow water (2 cm) and irrigated, promotees big fringe；Pustulation period is irrigated using dry dry and wet wet alternate, is supported Gen Baoye and is promoted to fill
Starch, or so ripe the last week cuts off the water supply；（Two）Rationally topdress；The principle rationally topdressed is preceding rush, mesopodium, supported afterwards, i.e., apply in good time
Promote fetilizer for tillering, increase ear manuer, it is motor-driven to have applied granulated fertilizer, to promote fringe, grain number, grain weight three's harmonious development, make yield composition factor more
Become reasonable；Promote fetilizer for tillering fertilising should after cultivation 7-10 with reference to pouring water for the first time, every mu with 30 kilograms of compound fertilizer dedicated to paddy, to promote
Make rice seedling early growth and quick tiller；In middle of tillering, i.e., applying again for 12-15 days after applying fertilizer for the first time once protects fetilizer for tillering, and it is public that mu applies urea 10
Jin；Go out the fringe previous moon, then apply disposable fertilizer, mu applies formation of 8-10 kilograms of the ammonium sulfate to promote grain husk flower；Go out before fringe 18-20 days
（Boot stage）See that appearance applies a granulated fertilizer, mu applies 2-3 kilograms of ammonium sulfate, to promote paddy rice consolidation and the raising of mass of 1000 kernel；（Three）
Prevent and treat disease pest；It should be prevented and treated according to the principle of integrated control；
7th, harvest in good time；Paddy rice is gathered in time after being easier to shattering, maturation, in order to avoid cause the unnecessary underproduction.
2. a kind of rocky mountainous area Rice Cropping new technology according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described in step one：Choosing
Ground：Relatively low physical features, flat fertile, spring and summer, autumn should be selected all in moistening, have certain irrigation conditions（There is surface pond
And have field water cellar retaining）Plot.
3. a kind of rocky mountainous area Rice Cropping new technology according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described in step 3：
" dry-raised nurse " seed dressing dry rice seedling technology：（One）The seedling time；According to the principle of " rice shoot to coincide crop field ", Guangxi Hechi is big
Mountainous Area such as belongs at the fields on hill tops which depend on rains for water that water transplants seedlings, whole breeding time based on natural precipitation, the seedling time preferably April early and middle ten dayses be
It is good.
4. a kind of rocky mountainous area Rice Cropping new technology according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described in step 6：Field
Between manage：（One）Scientific application of irrigation；Paddy rice is to utilize natural rainfall and water saving at the center that water pipe skill is cultivated in rocky mountainous area, and it is former
Reason is, according to Rice Physiological law of needing the water, to make full use of natural rainfall, to improve efficiency of water application to greatest extent, is reached efficiently
Water-saving and yield-increasing；Practicable water-saving method is taken to carry out scientific and reasonable irrigate：Shallow water (2 cm) transplants seedlings and turned green；Point
Tiller early stage carries out wetting irrigation for paddy field or Dry-wet alternate irrigation, promotes tiller early growth and quick tiller；The tiller later stage reaches 8-10 when every mu of seedling number
Start dry field when ten thousand, shine opens small gap to field side for the first time, pin, which is stepped on, not to sink, multiple shallow water falls dry naturally by it, puts field 2-3 days
Fill shallow water again, so repeatedly 2-3 times, reach white it is exposed, standing grain color take off it is light, root thick bar strengthen；Ear differentiation is real to heading flowering period
Row shallow water (2 cm), which is irrigated, promotees big fringe；Pustulation period is irrigated using dry and wet wet alternate is done, and is supported Gen Baoye and is promoted before grouting, maturation
Cut off the water supply within one week or so.
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| CN107950327A (en) * | 2017-12-05 | 2018-04-24 | 汉中市农业科学研究所（陕西省水稻研究所） | A kind of red rice high yield cultivating method |
| CN109006284A (en) * | 2018-08-15 | 2018-12-18 | 绩溪袁稻农业产业科技有限公司 | The cultural method of kermes rice |
| CN109392653A (en) * | 2018-09-12 | 2019-03-01 | 御园景观集团有限公司 | The heavy aqueous matrix and preparation method and growing and cultivation method of a kind of water plant |
| CN109287412A (en) * | 2018-10-23 | 2019-02-01 | 云南农业大学 | Japonica Hybrid dry-land cultivation method |
| CN113615515A (en) * | 2021-07-28 | 2021-11-09 | 乐东广陵南繁服务有限公司 | Direct seeding cultivation method for southern rice |
| CN113615515B (en) * | 2021-07-28 | 2022-10-04 | 乐东广陵南繁服务有限公司 | Direct seeding cultivation method for southern rice |
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Application publication date: 20171024 |