CN113615515A - Direct seeding cultivation method for southern rice - Google Patents
Direct seeding cultivation method for southern rice Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
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Abstract
The invention provides a direct seeding cultivation method of southern rice, which comprises the following steps: seed soaking, coating and sowing, wherein the coating agent comprises 23-35 wt% of potash fertilizer, 15-20 wt% of streptomyces mersoon fermentation mixture, 0.05-0.2 wt% of plant growth regulator, 1.0-1.5 wt% of adhesive, 3-5 wt% of water control agent, 8-12 wt% of filler and water; keeping a water layer of 3-5 cm after sowing; performing dry-wet alternation from the three-leaf period to before heading, keeping a water layer of 2-3 cm at the heading flowering period, and performing dry-wet alternation at the grouting period; n, K, P is in a mass ratio of 1: 0.6-0.7; the mass ratio of the nitrogen fertilizer base fertilizer to the tillering fertilizer to the panicle fertilizer to the grain fertilizer is 4: 2-3: 1; completely using the phosphate fertilizer as a base fertilizer; the ratio of the potash fertilizer to the spike fertilizer is 2: 1-2. The method comprises the steps of soaking seeds to enable the seeds to be in a pre-germination state but not to be exposed, then coating with a specific coating agent, and combining reasonable water and fertilizer management to enable the south-breeding rice to achieve the effects of high yield and high quality, wherein the yield is more than 845 kg/mu, the whole rice percentage is more than 76%, and the chalkiness degree is less than 2%.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rice planting, in particular to a direct seeding cultivation method for south-bred rice.
Background
The southern rice breeding is to perform activities such as rice variety breeding generation adding, expanding propagation, seed production and the like by using the unique climate conditions which can meet the periodic growth and propagation of rice in winter and spring in southern areas such as Hainan and the like. The south breeding rice cultivation method mainly comprises direct seeding cultivation and seedling transplanting cultivation, and the growing period, growing process and filling period of the direct seeding cultivation and the seedling transplanting are different. China rice mainly takes seedling transplantation as a main part, and few rice varieties suitable for direct seeding are available.
Direct seeding of rice refers to a method of directly sowing seeds in a rice field without raising seedlings or transplanting. The direct seeding cultivation can be divided into 3 types of water direct seeding, wet direct seeding and dry direct seeding according to the water-slurry management condition during seeding. The direct seeding with water is a direct seeding cultivation technology for seeding under the condition of keeping a certain water layer in the field and for seedling emergence of rice seeds under the flooding condition. The wet direct seeding is a direct seeding cultivation mode of keeping a water layer for several days after soil preparation, making soil compact and wet, and seeding after water drainage. Direct dry seeding refers to sowing in dry land. Compared with the seedling raising and transplanting mode, the direct seeding cultivation of rice is emphasized because the advantages of no need of raising seedlings in advance, transplanting and reviving seedlings, no root damage, less labor, high benefit and the like are taken into consideration. Although the direct seeding method of rice has the advantages, it has great disadvantages. For example, direct seeding of rice is efficient, but has the problems of unreasonable population structure, high technical difficulty in seedling whole seedling uniform seeding, low yield, poor quality and the like. For direct water seeding, seeding is carried out under the flooding condition, the emergence rate is very low, the seeding quantity is large, the quality of seedlings is poor, lodging is easy, and the quality of rice is poor. If the problems of direct seeding of rice cannot be solved, the problem of large-area popularization of direct seeding cultivation cannot be fundamentally solved, and the problem is also one of important reasons that the direct seeding technology of rice cannot become the leading and main pushing technology of China.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a direct seeding cultivation method for south breeding rice.
The technical scheme of the invention mainly comprises the following contents:
a direct seeding cultivation method of southern rice comprises the following steps:
(1) ploughing and establishing a water layer;
(2) seed soaking, coating and sowing: selecting full rice seeds, sterilizing and soaking the seeds for 6-12 hours; coating the seeds by using a coating agent, and then sowing;
the coating agent consists of 23-35 wt% of potassium fertilizer, 15-20 wt% of Streptomyces mediolani fermentation mixture, 0.05-0.2 wt% of plant growth regulator, 1.0-1.5 wt% of adhesive, 3-5 wt% of water control agent, 8-12 wt% of filler and the balance of water;
(3) water content management: keeping a water layer of 3-5 cm after sowing; performing dry-wet alternation until heading in the three-leaf period, naturally drying the water layer until the water potential is-20 +/-5 kPa when the water layer naturally falls to 15-20 cm, filling water for 2-3 cm, naturally drying again, and repeating the steps; in the heading and flowering period, keeping a water layer of 2-3 cm; performing dry-wet alternation in the grouting period, naturally drying a water layer until the water potential is-15 +/-5 kPa when the water layer is naturally dried to 15-20 cm, irrigating for 1-2 cm, naturally drying, and repeating the steps; stopping water before harvesting;
(4) nutrient management: n, K, P mass ratio of the total fertilizing amount is 1: 0.6-0.7; the nitrogen dosage is 10-12 kg/mu, and the mass ratio of the nitrogen fertilizer base fertilizer to the tillering fertilizer to the spike fertilizer to the grain fertilizer is 4: 2-3: 1; completely using the phosphate fertilizer as a base fertilizer; the mass ratio of the potassium fertilizer base fertilizer to the potassium fertilizer spike fertilizer is 2: 1-2.
Preferably, the plant growth regulator comprises naphthylacetic acid and compound sodium nitrophenolate; the potassium fertilizer comprises potassium silicate, potassium chloride and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, preferably potassium silicate, and the potassium silicate can make cells silicified; the adhesive comprises sodium carboxymethylcellulose, polyethylene glycol and polyvinyl alcohol; the water control agent comprises acrylamide, potassium acrylate, acrylamide, potassium acrylate and the like as water control agents, and can adjust the germination microenvironment of the coated seeds so that the seeds can adapt to the planting environment of direct water seeding; the filler comprises clay and diatomite, and the filler ensures that the seeds are settled in the soil and are not easy to float.
Preferably, the water layer is established by 2-3 cm.
Preferably, the seed soaking is carried out at the temperature of 30-35 ℃. Soaking the seeds to make the seeds in a pre-germinated but non-germinated state facilitates the utilization of the coating agent components.
Preferably, the seeding rate is 5-7 kg/mu.
Preferably, the Streptomyces mersoon fermentation mixture is prepared by the following method: preparing Streptomyces melleus into 106～107Inoculating 5-10 wt% of bacterial liquid into a fermentation medium, and performing shake culture at the temperature of 28-35 ℃ and the rpm of 100-200 for 24-36 hours to obtain a fermentation mixture; wherein the fermentation medium comprises 7-10 wt% of linseed oil, 0.1-0.3 wt% of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 2-4 wt% of yeast peptone, 0.01-0.03 wt% of magnesium sulfate, 0.1-0.2 wt% of sodium chloride, 0.1-0.2 wt% of sodium nitrate, 0.5-0.8 wt% of calcium carbonate, 1-3 wt% of ammonium sulfate and the balance of water. The fermentation mixture of the streptomyces mersoon is a mixture containing the streptomyces mersoon and fermentation products thereof, and is used as one of main components of a seed coating agent. The fermentation product has the effects of promoting bud formation, promoting root growth and promoting root elongation. The living bacteria can further grow and produce products by using potash fertilizer, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and nutrient components in soil, and the products are gathered at the root to further promote and strengthen the root.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the coating agent to the seeds is 1: 25-1: 50.
Preferably, the base fertilizer is applied by rotary tillage during sowing; the tillering fertilizer is applied after sowing; the ear fertilizer is applied when the young ears grow to 1-2 mm, and the grain fertilizer is applied 5-10 days after ear emergence.
Preferably, urea is used as a nitrogen fertilizer, calcium superphosphate is used as a phosphate fertilizer, and potassium chloride is used as a potassium fertilizer.
Preferably, the southern rice comprises Jijing 88 and Suizu 26.
The invention has the following effects:
the method comprises the steps of soaking seeds to enable the seeds to be in a pre-germination state but not to be exposed to the white, then coating with a specific coating agent, and combining reasonable water and fertilizer management to enable the south-breeding rice to achieve the effects of high yield and high quality. By adopting the method, the yield reaches more than 845 kg/mu, the whole rice rate reaches more than 76 percent, and the chalkiness degree is lower than 2 percent.
The method has low seed consumption, and no need of reseeding or reseeding after seeding.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the technical content of the invention, specific examples are provided below to further illustrate the invention.
Example 1 direct seeding cultivation method of Nanmu rice
(1) The test area is located in Hainanwanning, the previous stubble of the test field is wax gourd, sandy soil, the organic matter content of a plough layer is 28.6-30.5 g/kg, the quick-acting N is 92.0-98.8 mg/kg, the quick-acting P is 43.4-45.7 mg/kg, the quick-acting K is 50.5-51.3 mg/kg, and the pH value is 6.6-6.8. Carrying out farmland treatment on a test land, and establishing a 2-3 cm water layer;
(2) seed soaking, coating and sowing: selecting full Jijing 88 rice seeds, sterilizing, and soaking the seeds in water at the temperature of 30-35 ℃ for 12 hours; carrying out spray coating treatment on the seeds by using a coating agent, and then sowing by using a mechanical drill seeder, wherein the sowing time is 12 months and 25 days; the coating agent consists of 30 weight percent of potassium silicate, 17 weight percent of streptomyces mersoon fermentation mixture, 0.1 weight percent of naphthylacetic acid, 1.0 weight percent of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 3 weight percent of potassium acrylate, 12 weight percent of clay and the balance of water; the mass ratio of the coating agent to the seeds is 1: 25; the seeding rate is 7 kg/mu;
(3) water content management: keeping a water layer of 3-5 cm after sowing; performing dry-wet alternation until heading in the three-leaf period, naturally drying the water layer until the water potential is-20 +/-5 kPa when the water layer naturally falls to 15-20 cm, filling water for 2-3 cm, naturally drying again, and repeating the steps; in the heading and flowering period, keeping a water layer of 2-3 cm; performing dry-wet alternation in the grouting period, naturally drying a water layer until the water potential is-15 +/-5 kPa when the water layer is naturally dried to 15-20 cm, irrigating for 1-2 cm, naturally drying, and repeating the steps; cutting off water one week before harvesting;
(4) nutrient management: n, K, P mass ratio of the total fertilizing amount is 1:0.7: 0.6; the nitrogen dosage is 10 kg/mu, and the mass ratio of the nitrogen fertilizer base fertilizer to the tillering fertilizer to the spike fertilizer to the grain fertilizer is 4:2:3: 1; completely using the phosphate fertilizer as a base fertilizer; the ratio of the potassium fertilizer base fertilizer to the potassium fertilizer spike fertilizer is 2: 1; urea is used as a nitrogenous fertilizer, calcium superphosphate is used as a phosphate fertilizer, and potassium chloride is used as a potash fertilizer; rotary tillage is applied when base fertilizer is sowed; the tillering fertilizer is applied after sowing; the ear fertilizer is applied when the young ears grow to 1-2 mm, and the grain fertilizer is applied 10 days after ear emergence.
Other management and pest control are carried out in a conventional manner.
The fermentation mixture of the streptomyces mersoon is prepared by the following method: making Streptomyces melleus ACCC41441 into 106Inoculating the bacterial liquid of cfu/mL into a fermentation culture medium according to the inoculation amount of 10 wt%, and performing shake culture at the temperature of 28-30 ℃ and at 200rpm for 36 hours to obtain a fermentation mixture; wherein the fermentation medium comprises 10 wt% of linseed oil, 0.2 wt% of dipotassium phosphate, 4 wt% of yeast peptone, 0.02 wt% of magnesium sulfate, 0.2 wt% of sodium chloride, 0.1 wt% of sodium nitrate, 0.6 wt% of calcium carbonate, 2.0 wt% of ammonium sulfate and the balance of water.
Example 2: direct seeding cultivation method for south breeding rice
(1) The test area is located in Hainanwanning, the previous stubble of the test field is wax gourd, sandy soil, the organic matter content of a plough layer is 28.6-30.5 g/kg, the quick-acting N is 92.0-98.8 mg/kg, the quick-acting P is 43.4-45.7 mg/kg, the quick-acting K is 50.5-51.3 mg/kg, and the pH value is 6.6-6.8. Carrying out farmland treatment on a test land, and establishing a 2-3 cm water layer;
(2) seed soaking, coating and sowing: selecting full Jijing 88 rice seeds, sterilizing, and soaking the seeds in water at the temperature of 30-35 ℃ for 6 hours; carrying out spray coating treatment on the seeds by using a coating agent, and then sowing by using a mechanical drill seeder, wherein the sowing time is 12 months and 26 days; the coating agent consists of 35 wt% of potassium silicate, 20 wt% of streptomyces mersoon fermentation mixture, 0.2 wt% of naphthylacetic acid, 1.0 wt% of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 5 wt% of potassium acrylate, 8 wt% of clay and the balance of water; the mass ratio of the coating agent to the seeds is 1: 25; the seeding rate is 7 kg/mu;
(3) water content management: keeping a water layer of 3-5 cm after sowing; performing dry-wet alternation until heading in the three-leaf period, naturally drying the water layer until the water potential is-20 +/-5 kPa when the water layer naturally falls to 15-20 cm, filling water for 2-3 cm, naturally drying again, and repeating the steps; in the heading and flowering period, keeping a water layer of 2-3 cm; performing dry-wet alternation in the grouting period, naturally drying a water layer until the water potential is-15 +/-5 kPa when the water layer is naturally dried to 15-20 cm, irrigating for 1-2 cm, naturally drying, and repeating the steps; cutting off water one week before harvesting;
(4) nutrient management: n, K, P mass ratio of the total fertilizing amount is 1:0.6: 0.7; the nitrogen dosage is 12 kg/mu, and the mass ratio of the nitrogen fertilizer base fertilizer to the tillering fertilizer to the spike fertilizer to the grain fertilizer is 4:2:3: 1; completely using the phosphate fertilizer as a base fertilizer; the ratio of the potash fertilizer to the spike fertilizer is 2: 2; urea is used as a nitrogenous fertilizer, calcium superphosphate is used as a phosphate fertilizer, and potassium chloride is used as a potash fertilizer; rotary tillage is applied when base fertilizer is sowed; the tillering fertilizer is applied after sowing; the ear fertilizer is applied when the young ears grow to 1-2 mm, and the grain fertilizer is applied 10 days after ear emergence.
Other management and pest control are carried out in a conventional manner.
The fermentation mixture of the streptomyces mersoon is prepared by the following method: making Streptomyces melleus ACCC41441 into 107Inoculating the cfu/mL bacterial liquid into a fermentation culture medium according to the inoculation amount of 5 wt%, and performing shake culture at the temperature of 30-35 ℃ and the speed of 100rpm for 24 hours to obtain a fermentation mixture; wherein the fermentation medium comprises 10 wt% of linseed oil, 0.1 wt% of dipotassium phosphate, 4 wt% of yeast peptone, 0.03 wt% of magnesium sulfate, 0.1 wt% of sodium chloride, 0.1 wt% of sodium nitrate, 0.8 wt% of calcium carbonate, 3 wt% of ammonium sulfate and the balance of water.
Example 3 direct seeding cultivation method of Nanmu rice
(1) The test area is located in Hainanwanning, the previous stubble of the test field is wax gourd, sandy soil, the organic matter content of a plough layer is 28.6-30.5 g/kg, the quick-acting N is 92.0-98.8 mg/kg, the quick-acting P is 43.4-45.7 mg/kg, the quick-acting K is 50.5-51.3 mg/kg, and the pH value is 6.6-6.8. Carrying out farmland treatment on a test land, and establishing a 2-3 cm water layer;
(2) seed soaking, coating and sowing: selecting full Jijing 88 rice seeds, sterilizing, and soaking the seeds in water at the temperature of 30-35 ℃ for 12 hours; carrying out spray coating treatment on the seeds by using a coating agent, and then sowing by using a mechanical drill seeder, wherein the sowing time is 12 months and 25 days; the coating agent consists of 23 wt% of potassium silicate, 15 wt% of streptomyces mersoon fermentation mixture, 0.05 wt% of naphthylacetic acid, 1.5 wt% of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 3 wt% of potassium acrylate, 12 wt% of clay and the balance of water; the mass ratio of the coating agent to the seeds is 1: 50; the seeding rate is 5 kg/mu;
(3) water content management: keeping a water layer of 3-5 cm after sowing; performing dry-wet alternation until heading in the three-leaf period, naturally drying the water layer until the water potential is-20 +/-5 kPa when the water layer naturally falls to 15-20 cm, filling water for 2-3 cm, naturally drying again, and repeating the steps; in the heading and flowering period, keeping a water layer of 2-3 cm; performing dry-wet alternation in the grouting period, naturally drying a water layer until the water potential is-15 +/-5 kPa when the water layer is naturally dried to 15-20 cm, irrigating for 1-2 cm, naturally drying, and repeating the steps; cutting off water one week before harvesting;
(4) nutrient management: n, K, P mass ratio of the total fertilizing amount is 1:0.7: 0.6; the nitrogen dosage is 12 kg/mu, and the mass ratio of the nitrogen fertilizer base fertilizer to the tillering fertilizer to the spike fertilizer to the grain fertilizer is 4:3:2: 1; completely using the phosphate fertilizer as a base fertilizer; the ratio of the potash fertilizer to the spike fertilizer is 2: 1; urea is used as a nitrogenous fertilizer, calcium superphosphate is used as a phosphate fertilizer, and potassium chloride is used as a potash fertilizer; rotary tillage is applied when base fertilizer is sowed; the tillering fertilizer is applied after sowing; the ear fertilizer is applied when the young ears grow to 1-2 mm, and the grain fertilizer is applied 5 days after ear emergence.
Other management and pest control are carried out in a conventional manner.
The fermentation mixture of the streptomyces mersoon is prepared by the following method: making Streptomyces melleus ACCC41441 into 107Inoculating the bacterial liquid of cfu/mL into a fermentation culture medium according to the inoculation amount of 10 wt%, and performing shake culture at the temperature of 28-30 ℃ and at the rpm of 100-200 for 36 hours to obtain a fermentation mixture; wherein the fermentation medium comprises 7 wt% of linseed oil, 0.3 wt% of dipotassium phosphate, 2 wt% of yeast peptone, 0.01 wt% of magnesium sulfate, 0.2 wt% of sodium chloride, 0.2 wt% of sodium nitrate, 0.5 wt% of calcium carbonate, 1 wt% of ammonium sulfate and the balance of water.
Example 4 direct seeding cultivation method of Nanmu rice
(1) The test area is located in Hainanwanning, the previous stubble of the test field is wax gourd, sandy soil, the organic matter content of a plough layer is 28.6-30.5 g/kg, the quick-acting N is 92.0-98.8 mg/kg, the quick-acting P is 43.4-45.7 mg/kg, the quick-acting K is 50.5-51.3 mg/kg, and the pH value is 6.6-6.8. Carrying out farmland treatment on a test land, and establishing a 2-3 cm water layer;
(2) seed soaking, coating and sowing: selecting full Jijing 88 rice seeds, sterilizing, and soaking the seeds in water at the temperature of 30-35 ℃ for 12 hours; carrying out spray coating treatment on the seeds by using a coating agent, and then sowing by using a mechanical drill seeder, wherein the sowing time is 12 months and 25 days; the coating agent consists of 30 weight percent of potassium silicate, 17 weight percent of streptomyces mersoon fermentation mixture, 0.1 weight percent of naphthylacetic acid, 1.0 weight percent of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 3 weight percent of potassium acrylate, 12 weight percent of clay and the balance of water; the mass ratio of the coating agent to the seeds is 1: 25; the seeding rate is 7 kg/mu;
(3) water content management: keeping a water layer of 3-5 cm after sowing; performing dry-wet alternation until heading in the three-leaf period, naturally drying the water layer until the water potential is-20 +/-5 kPa when the water layer naturally falls to 15-20 cm, filling water for 2-3 cm, naturally drying again, and repeating the steps; in the heading and flowering period, keeping a water layer of 2-3 cm; performing dry-wet alternation in the grouting period, naturally drying a water layer until the water potential is-15 +/-5 kPa when the water layer is naturally dried to 15-20 cm, irrigating for 1-2 cm, naturally drying, and repeating the steps; cutting off water one week before harvesting;
(4) nutrient management: n, K, P mass ratio of the total fertilizing amount is 1:0.7: 0.6; the nitrogen dosage is 10 kg/mu, and the mass ratio of the nitrogen fertilizer base fertilizer to the tillering fertilizer to the spike fertilizer to the grain fertilizer is 4:2:3: 1; completely using the phosphate fertilizer as a base fertilizer; the ratio of the potassium fertilizer base fertilizer to the potassium fertilizer spike fertilizer is 2: 1; urea is used as a nitrogenous fertilizer, calcium superphosphate is used as a phosphate fertilizer, and potassium chloride is used as a potash fertilizer; rotary tillage is applied when base fertilizer is sowed; the tillering fertilizer is applied after sowing; the ear fertilizer is applied when the young ears grow to 1-2 mm, and the grain fertilizer is applied 10 days after ear emergence.
Other management and pest control are carried out in a conventional manner.
The fermentation mixture of the streptomyces mersoon is prepared by the following method: making Streptomyces melleus ACCC41441 into 106Inoculating the bacterial liquid of cfu/mL into a fermentation culture medium according to the inoculation amount of 10 wt%, and performing shake culture at the temperature of 28-30 ℃ and 200rpm for 12 hours to obtain a fermentation mixture; wherein the fermentation medium comprises 10 wt% of linseed oil, 0.2 wt% of dipotassium phosphate, 4 wt% of yeast peptone, 0.02 wt% of magnesium sulfate, 0.2 wt% of sodium chloride, 0.1 wt% of sodium nitrate, 0.6 wt% of calcium carbonate, 2.0 wt% of ammonium sulfate and the balance of water.
Example 5 direct seeding cultivation method of Nanmu rice
(1) The test area is located in Hainanwanning, the previous stubble of the test field is wax gourd, sandy soil, the organic matter content of a plough layer is 28.6-30.5 g/kg, the quick-acting N is 92.0-98.8 mg/kg, the quick-acting P is 43.4-45.7 mg/kg, the quick-acting K is 50.5-51.3 mg/kg, and the pH value is 6.6-6.8. Carrying out farmland treatment on a test land, and establishing a 2-3 cm water layer;
(2) seed soaking, coating and sowing: selecting plump 26 seinqin rice seeds, sterilizing, and soaking the seeds in water at 30-35 ℃ for 12 hours; carrying out spray coating treatment on the seeds by using a coating agent, and then sowing by using a mechanical drill seeder, wherein the sowing time is 12 months and 25 days; the coating agent consists of 30 weight percent of potassium chloride, 17 weight percent of streptomyces mersoon fermentation mixture, 0.1 weight percent of naphthylacetic acid, 1.0 weight percent of polyethylene glycol, 3 weight percent of potassium acrylate, 12 weight percent of clay and the balance of water; the mass ratio of the coating agent to the seeds is 1: 25; the seeding rate is 7 kg/mu;
(3) water content management: keeping a water layer of 3-5 cm after sowing; performing dry-wet alternation until heading in the three-leaf period, naturally drying the water layer until the water potential is-20 +/-5 kPa when the water layer naturally falls to 15-20 cm, filling water for 2-3 cm, naturally drying again, and repeating the steps; in the heading and flowering period, keeping a water layer of 2-3 cm; performing dry-wet alternation in the grouting period, naturally drying a water layer until the water potential is-15 +/-5 kPa when the water layer is naturally dried to 15-20 cm, irrigating for 1-2 cm, naturally drying, and repeating the steps; cutting off water one week before harvesting;
(4) nutrient management: n, K, P mass ratio of the total fertilizing amount is 1:0.7: 0.6; the nitrogen dosage is 10 kg/mu, and the mass ratio of the nitrogen fertilizer base fertilizer to the tillering fertilizer to the spike fertilizer to the grain fertilizer is 4:2:3: 1; completely using the phosphate fertilizer as a base fertilizer; the ratio of the potassium fertilizer base fertilizer to the potassium fertilizer spike fertilizer is 2: 1; urea is used as a nitrogenous fertilizer, calcium superphosphate is used as a phosphate fertilizer, and potassium chloride is used as a potash fertilizer; rotary tillage is applied when base fertilizer is sowed; the tillering fertilizer is applied after sowing; the ear fertilizer is applied when the young ears grow to 1-2 mm, and the grain fertilizer is applied 10 days after ear emergence.
Other management and pest control are carried out in a conventional manner.
The fermentation mixture of the streptomyces mersoon is prepared by the following method: making Streptomyces melleus ACCC41441 into 106Inoculating the bacterial liquid of cfu/mL into a fermentation culture medium according to the inoculation amount of 10 wt%, and performing shake culture at the temperature of 28-30 ℃ and at 200rpm for 36 hours to obtain a fermentation mixture; wherein the fermentation medium comprises 10 wt% of linseed oil, 0.2 wt% of dipotassium phosphate, 4 wt% of yeast peptone, 0.02 wt% of magnesium sulfate, 0.2 wt% of sodium chloride, 0.1 wt% of sodium nitrate, 0.6 wt% of calcium carbonate, 2.0 wt% of ammonium sulfate and the balance of water.
Comparative example 1 direct seeding cultivation method of Nanmu rice
(1) The test area is located in Hainanwanning, the previous stubble of the test field is wax gourd, sandy soil, the organic matter content of a plough layer is 28.6-30.5 g/kg, the quick-acting N is 92.0-98.8 mg/kg, the quick-acting P is 43.4-45.7 mg/kg, the quick-acting K is 50.5-51.3 mg/kg, and the pH value is 6.6-6.8. Carrying out farmland treatment on a test land, and establishing a 2-3 cm water layer;
(2) seed soaking, coating and sowing: selecting full Jijing 88 rice seeds, sterilizing, and soaking the seeds in water at the temperature of 30-35 ℃ for 12 hours; carrying out spray coating treatment on the seeds by using a coating agent, and then sowing by using a mechanical drill seeder, wherein the sowing time is 12 months and 25 days; the coating agent consists of 30 weight percent of potassium silicate, 5 weight percent of streptomyces mersoon fermentation mixture, 0.1 weight percent of naphthylacetic acid, 1.0 weight percent of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 3 weight percent of potassium acrylate, 12 weight percent of clay and the balance of water; the mass ratio of the coating agent to the seeds is 1: 25; the seeding rate is 7 kg/mu;
(3) water content management: keeping a water layer of 3-5 cm after sowing; performing dry-wet alternation until heading in the three-leaf period, naturally drying the water layer until the water potential is-20 +/-5 kPa when the water layer naturally falls to 15-20 cm, filling water for 2-3 cm, naturally drying again, and repeating the steps; in the heading and flowering period, keeping a water layer of 2-3 cm; performing dry-wet alternation in the grouting period, naturally drying a water layer until the water potential is-15 +/-5 kPa when the water layer is naturally dried to 15-20 cm, irrigating for 1-2 cm, naturally drying, and repeating the steps; cutting off water one week before harvesting;
(4) nutrient management: n, K, P mass ratio of the total fertilizing amount is 1:0.7: 0.6; the nitrogen dosage is 10 kg/mu, and the mass ratio of the base fertilizer, the tillering fertilizer, the spike fertilizer and the grain fertilizer is 4:2:3: 1; completely using the phosphate fertilizer as a base fertilizer; the ratio of the potassium fertilizer base fertilizer to the potassium fertilizer spike fertilizer is 2: 1; urea is used as a nitrogenous fertilizer, calcium superphosphate is used as a phosphate fertilizer, and potassium chloride is used as a potash fertilizer; rotary tillage is applied when base fertilizer is sowed; the tillering fertilizer is applied after sowing; the ear fertilizer is applied when the young ears grow to 1-2 mm, and the grain fertilizer is applied 10 days after ear emergence.
Other management and pest control are carried out in a conventional manner.
The fermentation mixture of the streptomyces mersoon is prepared by the following method: making Streptomyces melleus ACCC41441 into 106Inoculating the bacterial liquid of cfu/mL into a fermentation culture medium according to the inoculation amount of 10 wt%, and performing shake culture at the temperature of 28-30 ℃ and at 200rpm for 36 hours to obtain a fermentation mixture; wherein the fermentation medium comprises 10 wt% of linseed oil, 0.2 wt% of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 4 wt% of yeast peptone and sulfuric acid0.02 wt% of magnesium, 0.2 wt% of sodium chloride, 0.1 wt% of sodium nitrate, 0.6 wt% of calcium carbonate, 2.0 wt% of ammonium sulfate and the balance of water.
Comparative example 2 direct seeding cultivation method of southern rice
(1) The test area is located in Hainanwanning, the previous stubble of the test field is wax gourd, sandy soil, the organic matter content of a plough layer is 28.6-30.5 g/kg, the quick-acting N is 92.0-98.8 mg/kg, the quick-acting P is 43.4-45.7 mg/kg, the quick-acting K is 50.5-51.3 mg/kg, and the pH value is 6.6-6.8. Carrying out farmland treatment on a test land, and establishing a 2-3 cm water layer;
(2) seed soaking, coating and sowing: selecting full Jijing 88 rice seeds, sterilizing, and soaking the seeds in water at the temperature of 30-35 ℃ for 12 hours; carrying out spray coating treatment on the seeds by using a coating agent, and then sowing by using a mechanical drill seeder, wherein the sowing time is 12 months and 27 days; the coating agent consists of 17 weight percent of streptomyces mersoon fermentation mixture, 0.1 weight percent of naphthylacetic acid, 12 weight percent of clay and the balance of water; the mass ratio of the coating agent to the seeds is 1: 25; the seeding rate is 7 kg/mu;
(3) water content management: keeping a water layer of 3-5 cm after sowing; performing dry-wet alternation until heading in the three-leaf period, naturally drying the water layer until the water potential is-20 +/-5 kPa when the water layer naturally falls to 15-20 cm, filling water for 2-3 cm, naturally drying again, and repeating the steps; in the heading and flowering period, keeping a water layer of 2-3 cm; performing dry-wet alternation in the grouting period, naturally drying a water layer until the water potential is-15 +/-5 kPa when the water layer is naturally dried to 15-20 cm, irrigating for 1-2 cm, naturally drying, and repeating the steps; cutting off water one week before harvesting;
(4) nutrient management: n, K, P mass ratio of the total fertilizing amount is 1:0.7: 0.6; the nitrogen dosage is 10 kg/mu, and the mass ratio of the nitrogen fertilizer base fertilizer to the tillering fertilizer to the spike fertilizer to the grain fertilizer is 4:2:3: 1; completely using the phosphate fertilizer as a base fertilizer; the ratio of the potassium fertilizer base fertilizer to the potassium fertilizer spike fertilizer is 2: 1; urea is used as a nitrogenous fertilizer, calcium superphosphate is used as a phosphate fertilizer, and potassium chloride is used as a potash fertilizer; rotary tillage is applied when base fertilizer is sowed; the tillering fertilizer is applied after sowing; the ear fertilizer is applied when the young ears grow to 1-2 mm, and the grain fertilizer is applied 10 days after ear emergence.
Other management and pest control are carried out in a conventional manner.
The fermentation mixture of the streptomyces mersoon is prepared by the following method: making Streptomyces melleus ACCC41441 into 106cfu/mL of the bacterial solution, culturing the bacteriaInoculating the liquid into a fermentation culture medium according to the inoculation amount of 10 wt%, and performing shake culture at the temperature of 28-30 ℃ and 200rpm for 36 hours to obtain a fermentation mixture; wherein the fermentation medium comprises 10 wt% of linseed oil, 0.2 wt% of dipotassium phosphate, 4 wt% of yeast peptone, 0.02 wt% of magnesium sulfate, 0.2 wt% of sodium chloride, 0.1 wt% of sodium nitrate, 0.6 wt% of calcium carbonate, 2.0 wt% of ammonium sulfate and the balance of water.
Comparative example 3 direct seeding cultivation method for south breeding rice
(1) The test area is located in Hainanwanning, the previous stubble of the test field is wax gourd, sandy soil, the organic matter content of a plough layer is 28.6-30.5 g/kg, the quick-acting N is 92.0-98.8 mg/kg, the quick-acting P is 43.4-45.7 mg/kg, the quick-acting K is 50.5-51.3 mg/kg, and the pH value is 6.6-6.8. Carrying out farmland treatment on a test land, and establishing a 2-3 cm water layer;
(2) seed soaking, coating and sowing: selecting full Jijing 88 rice seeds, sterilizing, and soaking the seeds in water at the temperature of 30-35 ℃ for 12 hours; carrying out spray coating treatment on the seeds by using a coating agent, and then sowing by using a mechanical drill seeder, wherein the sowing time is 12 months and 25 days; the coating agent consists of 30 weight percent of potassium silicate, 17 weight percent of streptomyces mersoon fermentation mixture, 0.1 weight percent of naphthylacetic acid, 1.0 weight percent of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 3 weight percent of potassium acrylate, 12 weight percent of clay and the balance of water; the mass ratio of the coating agent to the seeds is 1: 25; the seeding rate is 7 kg/mu;
(3) water content management: keeping a water layer of 3-5 cm after sowing; performing dry-wet alternation until heading in the three-leaf period, naturally drying the water layer until the water potential is-10 +/-5 kPa when the water layer naturally falls to 15-20 cm, filling water for 3-5 cm, naturally drying, and repeating the steps; in the heading and flowering period, keeping a water layer of 3-5 cm; performing dry-wet alternation in the grouting period, naturally drying a water layer until the water potential is minus 15 +/-5 kPa when the water layer naturally falls to 15-20 cm, irrigating for 3-5 cm, naturally drying again, and repeating the steps; cutting off water one week before harvesting;
(4) nutrient management: n, K, P mass ratio of the total fertilizing amount is 1:0.5: 0.5; the nitrogen dosage is 10 kg/mu, and the mass ratio of the nitrogen fertilizer base fertilizer to the tillering fertilizer to the spike fertilizer to the grain fertilizer is 4:4:1: 1; completely using the phosphate fertilizer as a base fertilizer; the ratio of the potassium fertilizer base fertilizer to the potassium fertilizer spike fertilizer is 1: 2; urea is used as a nitrogenous fertilizer, calcium superphosphate is used as a phosphate fertilizer, and potassium chloride is used as a potash fertilizer; rotary tillage is applied when base fertilizer is sowed; the tillering fertilizer is applied after sowing; the ear fertilizer is applied when the young ears grow to 1-2 mm, and the grain fertilizer is applied 10 days after ear emergence.
Other management and pest control are carried out in a conventional manner.
The fermentation mixture of the streptomyces mersoon is prepared by the following method: making Streptomyces melleus ACCC41441 into 106Inoculating the bacterial liquid of cfu/mL into a fermentation culture medium according to the inoculation amount of 10 wt%, and performing shake culture at the temperature of 28-30 ℃ and at 200rpm for 36 hours to obtain a fermentation mixture; wherein the fermentation medium comprises 10 wt% of linseed oil, 0.2 wt% of dipotassium phosphate, 4 wt% of yeast peptone, 0.02 wt% of magnesium sulfate, 0.2 wt% of sodium chloride, 0.1 wt% of sodium nitrate, 0.6 wt% of calcium carbonate, 2.0 wt% of ammonium sulfate and the balance of water.
The cultivation results of the above examples and comparative examples are shown in table 1. The method for measuring the whole rice yield and the chalkiness degree refers to the national standard GB/T17891-2017 high-quality rice.
TABLE 1
| Yield kg/mu | Percentage of polished rice/%) | Chalk whiteness/%) | |
| Example 1 | 902.0A | 81.67A | 1.27A |
| Example 2 | 905.0A | 79.33ABC | 1.17A |
| Example 3 | 888.3A | 80.67AB | 1.23A |
| Example 4 | 845.3B | 76.67BC | 1.83B |
| Example 5 | 860.33 | 77.33 | 1.60 |
| Comparative example 1 | 802.3C | 65.00E | 2.83D |
| Comparative example 2 | 838.7B | 69.33D | 3.17E |
| Comparative example 3 | 848.3B | 75.33C | 2.07C |
Different letters in the same column represent significant differences, p <0.01, n ═ 3, example 5 and other examples are different rice varieties, and no statistical comparison was made.
The results show that for the same variety of the southern rice, the yield and the quality of the southern rice in the example are superior to those of the comparative example. Wherein, the streptomyces mersoon of the embodiment 4 is only fermented for 12h, the content of active ingredients such as protein, organic acid and the like in the obtained fermentation product is lower, better effects of promoting bud and root elongation are not achieved, rice can not emerge in time, seedlings can not stand roots in time, the density of the rice in a field is low and uneven, the utilization of photo-thermal conditions, moisture and nutrients is influenced, and the effects of reducing yield, reducing whole rice percentage and increasing chalkiness degree are further presented.
The comparative example 1 reduces the dosage of the streptomyces meretrix fermentation mixture, the comparative example 2 does not add components such as a water control agent, a potassium fertilizer and the like, and the comparative example 3 changes the conditions of water and fertilizer, so that the results show that the yield is reduced, the whole rice yield is reduced, the chalkiness degree is increased, and the direct seeding effect of water is influenced by all the components of the coating agent, the proportion of the components and the conditions of the water and fertilizer.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that are within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A direct seeding cultivation method of southern rice is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) ploughing and establishing a water layer;
(2) seed soaking, coating and sowing: selecting full rice seeds, sterilizing and soaking the seeds for 6-12 hours; coating the seeds by using a coating agent, and then sowing;
the coating agent consists of 23-35 wt% of potash fertilizer, 15-20 wt% of streptomyces mersoon fermentation mixture, 0.05-0.2 wt% of plant growth regulator, 1.0-1.5 wt% of adhesive, 3-5 wt% of water control agent, 8-12 wt% of filler and the balance of water;
(3) water content management: keeping a water layer of 3-5 cm after sowing; performing dry-wet alternation until heading in the three-leaf period, naturally drying the water layer until the water potential is-20 +/-5 kPa when the water layer naturally falls to 15-20 cm, filling water for 2-3 cm, naturally drying again, and repeating the steps; in the heading and flowering period, keeping a water layer of 2-3 cm; performing dry-wet alternation in the grouting period, naturally drying a water layer until the water potential is-15 +/-5 kPa when the water layer is naturally dried to 15-20 cm, irrigating for 1-2 cm, naturally drying, and repeating the steps; stopping water before harvesting;
(4) nutrient management: n, K, P mass ratio of the total fertilizing amount is 1: 0.6-0.7; the mass ratio of the nitrogen fertilizer base fertilizer to the tillering fertilizer to the panicle fertilizer to the grain fertilizer is 4: 2-3: 1; completely using the phosphate fertilizer as a base fertilizer; the mass ratio of the potassium fertilizer base fertilizer to the potassium fertilizer spike fertilizer is 2: 1-2.
2. The direct seeding cultivation method of south breeding rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plant growth regulator comprises naphthylacetic acid, compound sodium nitrophenolate; the potassium fertilizer comprises potassium silicate, potassium chloride and potassium dihydrogen phosphate; the adhesive comprises sodium carboxymethylcellulose, polyethylene glycol and polyvinyl alcohol; the water control agent comprises acrylamide and potassium acrylate; the filler comprises clay and diatomite.
3. The direct seeding cultivation method for south breeding rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein the establishing of the water layer is establishing of a 2-3 cm water layer.
4. The direct seeding cultivation method for south breeding rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein the seed soaking is water seed soaking at 30-35 ℃.
5. The direct seeding cultivation method of south breeding rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein the seeding rate is 5-7 kg/mu.
6. The direct seeding cultivation method for south breeding rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein the Streptomyces mersoon fermentation mixture is prepared by the following method: preparing Streptomyces melleus into 106～107Inoculating 5-10 wt% of bacterial liquid into a fermentation medium, and performing shake culture at the temperature of 28-35 ℃ and the rpm of 100-200 for 24-36 hours to obtain a fermentation mixture; wherein the fermentation medium comprises 7-10 wt% of linseed oil, 0.1-0.3 wt% of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 2-4 wt% of yeast peptone, 0.01-0.03 wt% of magnesium sulfate, 0.1-0.2 wt% of sodium chloride and 0.1-0.2 wt% of sodium nitrate1 to 0.2 wt%, 0.5 to 0.8 wt% of calcium carbonate, 1 to 3 wt% of ammonium sulfate, and the balance of water.
7. The direct seeding cultivation method of south breeding rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the coating agent to the seeds is 1: 25-1: 50.
8. The direct seeding cultivation method of south breeding rice as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the bottom fertilizer is applied by rotary tillage during seeding; the tillering fertilizer is applied after sowing; the ear fertilizer is applied when the young ears grow to 1-2 mm, and the grain fertilizer is applied 5-10 days after ear emergence; the nitrogen dosage is 10-12 kg/mu.
9. The direct seeding cultivation method for south breeding rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein urea is used as nitrogen fertilizer, calcium superphosphate is used as phosphate fertilizer, and potassium chloride is used as potassium fertilizer.
10. The direct seeding cultivation method of southern rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein the southern rice comprises Jijing 88 and Suizijiu 26.
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