CN113748943A - Planting method of disease-preventing lodging-resistant rice - Google Patents
Planting method of disease-preventing lodging-resistant rice Download PDFInfo
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- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 title 1
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- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 12
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
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- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- DQJCHOQLCLEDLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tricyclazole Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC2=C1N1C=NN=C1S2 DQJCHOQLCLEDLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- FFRBMBIXVSCUFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-dinitro-1-naphthol Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(O)=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C([N+]([O-])=O)C2=C1 FFRBMBIXVSCUFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- ONIBWKKTOPOVIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Proline Natural products OC(=O)C1CCCN1 ONIBWKKTOPOVIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005708 Sodium hypochlorite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000013522 chelant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
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Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of rice planting, and discloses a planting method of disease-preventing lodging-resistant rice, which comprises the following steps: screening and pretreating rice seeds; accelerating germination, raising seedlings and transplanting rice seeds; performing fertilization management on rice; and (5) performing field management on the rice. According to the planting method of the disease-preventing lodging-resistant rice, provided by the invention, the capability of the rice to absorb nutrient components is increased through adjusting the soil, the lodging-resistant capability and the leaf blast and neck blast resistant capability of the rice are improved, the absorption of nutrients is increased, and the yield is improved. Compared with the traditional prevention and control method for the harmful pests, the yield of the rice can be increased by 45% by the harmless prevention and control method, and the rice planting income is obviously increased. The rice obtained by the planting method has high selenium content, the stress resistance is obviously enhanced, and the planting economic benefit of the rice is improved. Meanwhile, the planting method of the disease-preventing lodging-resistant rice is simple to operate and has important significance for improving the life of growers.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of rice planting, and particularly relates to a planting method of disease-preventing lodging-resistant rice.
Background
At present, the bearing seeds of rice are rice, the rice is called brown rice after glume shells of the rice are removed, and the brown rice is ground to remove a rice bran layer, so that the rice can be obtained. Approximately half of the world population uses rice as staple food. Besides being edible, the rice can also be used as industrial raw materials for brewing wine and making sugar, and the rice hulls and rice straws can be used as livestock feed. The main production areas of Chinese rice are northeast, Yangtze river basin and Zhujiang river basin. Rice belongs to direct economic crops, and is staple food for residents in northeast and south China.
Traditionally, the method for preventing and controlling the rice diseases and pests mainly aims at preventing and controlling diseases and pests in the field, and the method carries out medicament control when the number of the diseases and the pests or the pests meet the standard of prevention and control, and emphasizes on single formula control aiming at a certain disease or a certain pest. The rice cultivated by the traditional method has poor lodging resistance, leaf blast resistance and panicle neck blast resistance, and the yield of the rice is seriously influenced. Therefore, a new planting method for disease-preventing and lodging-resistant rice is needed.
Through the above analysis, the problems and defects of the prior art are as follows: the rice cultivated by the traditional method has poor lodging resistance, leaf blast resistance and panicle neck blast resistance, and the yield of the rice is seriously influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a planting method of disease-preventing lodging-resistant rice.
The invention is realized in such a way that the planting method of the disease-preventing lodging-resistant rice comprises the following steps:
step one, screening and pretreating rice seeds: selecting rice seeds with full grains, and airing the screened rice seeds in the sun for 3-5 days; soaking the aired rice seeds in a fulvic acid solution for 6-8 hours, replacing the fulvic acid solution with the same concentration once every 1.5 hours, and filtering; cleaning the surfaces of the soaked and filtered rice seeds once by using clear water, performing cold plasma treatment, and naturally drying for later use;
step two, accelerating germination, raising seedlings and transplanting rice seeds: placing the pretreated rice seeds in a selenium-rich seed soaking liquid at 28-32 ℃ for soaking for 6-12 h, and fishing out for accelerating germination; selecting a field which is exposed to the sun and convenient for water irrigation as a seedling raising field, and raising rice seedlings by adopting a small arched shed plastic film heat-preservation seedling raising mode or a dry-raising and thin-planting seedling raising mode; when the height of the seedlings reaches 12-13 cm, the seedlings with soil are moved out of a seedling field, manually or mechanically transplanted into the rice field, and after rice transplanting is carried out, the water depth is kept to be 1-2 cm;
step three, fertilizing and managing the rice: applying pure nitrogen and organic selenium-rich fertilizer in the whole growth period of the rice transplanting and cultivating; applying ammonium sulfate, diammonium phosphate and a potassium fertilizer in combination with plowing; topdressing striking fertilizer urea 5-7 days after transplanting, namely early ten days of May to early 6 months, topdressing tillering fertilizer urea after later months of transplanting, and topdressing fertilizer urea after later months of 6 months and early 7 months of 6 months; meanwhile, selenium-rich chelate fertilizer is applied around the planting groups in the heading period of the rice;
step four, performing field management of the rice: transplanting rice seedlings until the tillering stage is kept shallow, and spraying a sodium carbonate solution with the mass concentration of 0.85% every three days in the jointing stage; in the young ear differentiation period of rice, rose seed extracting solution is added according to the proportion of 1: 35, adding water in a mass ratio, spraying once, and continuously growing the young spikes until the young spikes are stripped and blossomed to keep natural growth; after row sealing, in the ear break period or after ear alignment, Fuji No. 1 or tricyclazole is sprayed to prevent rice blast, and when the rice ears droop and turn golden yellow, the rice ears can be harvested.
Further, in the step one, the mass concentration of the fulvic acid solution is 1.20%.
Further, in the first step, the conditions of the cold plasma treatment are as follows: the discharge medium is helium, the processing power is 40-80W, and the processing time is 30-60 s.
Further, in the second step, each liter of the selenium-rich seed soaking liquid is composed of 500-700 ml of selenium-rich biogas slurry, 70-150 ml of sodium hypochlorite solution, 50-120 g of betaine, 0.6-1.2 g of proline and the balance of sterilized deionized water.
Further, in the second step, the row spacing of the rice transplanting is 27 multiplied by 10cm or 30 multiplied by 10cm, and 5-7 plants are planted in each hole.
Further, in the third step, the rice fertilization management comprises:
applying pure nitrogen 16-18 kg/666.7m in the whole growth period of the rice transplanting cultivation2(ii) a Ammonium sulfate is added in 17kg/666.7m213-15 kg/666.7m diammonium phosphate26-8 kg of potash fertilizer; dressing 8-10 kg/666.7m of striking-back fertilizer urea 5-7 days after seedling planting, namely early May to early 6 months210-12 kg/666.7m of additional tillering fertilizer urea after half month of cuttage, namely 6 months and early26-8 kg/666.7m of spike fertilizer urea is applied at the bottom of 6 months and at the beginning of 7 months2。
Further, in the third step, the preparation of the organic selenium-rich fertilizer comprises:
(1) preparing the selenium-rich fertilizer: grinding selenium ore powder, sieving with a 100-120-mesh sieve, and mixing with activated carbon according to the weight ratio of 5: 1 to obtain the selenium-rich fertilizer;
(2) preparing an organic fertilizer: mixing corn straw, livestock manure and soybean according to the weight ratio of 10: 10: 1, retting for 30-35 days to obtain an organic fertilizer;
(3) mixing selenium-rich fertilizer and organic fertilizer according to the proportion of 1: 20, and mixing uniformly to obtain the organic selenium-rich fertilizer.
Further, in the fourth step, the spraying amount of the sodium carbonate solution is 10-12 kg per mu.
Further, in the fourth step, the spraying amount of the rose seed extracting solution is 14-16 kg per mu.
Further, in the fourth step, the preparation of the rose seed extract comprises:
soaking rose seeds in a hydrochloric acid solution with the mass concentration of 0.50% for 3-6 h; after crushing, cleaning with clear water according to the proportion of 1: mixing with 70% ethanol solution at a mass ratio of 15, sealing at 26 deg.C for 24 hr, filtering, and recovering ethanol to obtain the desired rose seed extractive solution.
By combining all the technical schemes, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that: according to the planting method of the disease-preventing lodging-resistant rice, provided by the invention, the capability of the rice to absorb nutrient components is increased through adjusting the soil, the lodging-resistant capability and the leaf blast and neck blast resistant capability of the rice are improved, the absorption of nutrients is increased, and the yield is improved. Compared with the traditional prevention and control of the harmful substances, the yield of the rice can be increased by about 45% by adopting the harmless prevention and control method, and the rice planting income is obviously increased. The rice obtained by the planting method has high selenium content, the stress resistance is obviously enhanced, and the planting economic benefit of the rice is improved. The cultivation method is simple to operate and has important significance for improving the life of growers.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a planting method of disease-preventing lodging-resistant rice provided by an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method for screening and pretreating rice seeds according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a method for accelerating germination, raising seedlings and transplanting rice seeds according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a flow chart of a preparation method of the organic selenium-rich fertilizer provided by the embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 5 is a flowchart of a method for rice field management according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a planting method of disease-preventing lodging-resistant rice, and the invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the planting method of the disease-preventing lodging-resistant rice provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
s101, screening and pretreating rice seeds;
s102, accelerating germination, raising seedlings and transplanting rice seeds;
s103, fertilizing and managing the rice;
and S104, performing field management on the rice.
As shown in fig. 2, in step S101 provided in the embodiment of the present invention, the screening and pretreatment of rice seeds includes:
s201, selecting rice seeds with full grains, and airing the screened rice seeds in the sun for 3-5 days;
s202, soaking the aired rice seeds in a fulvic acid solution for 6-8 hours, replacing the fulvic acid solution with the same concentration once every 1.5 hours, and filtering;
and S203, cleaning the surfaces of the soaked and filtered rice seeds once by using clear water, performing cold plasma treatment, and naturally drying.
The mass concentration of the fulvic acid solution provided by the embodiment of the invention is 1.20%.
The cold plasma treatment conditions provided by the embodiment of the invention are as follows: the discharge medium is helium, the processing power is 40-80W, and the processing time is 30-60 s.
As shown in fig. 3, in step S102, the accelerating germination, raising seedlings and transplanting rice seeds includes:
s301, placing the pretreated rice seeds in a selenium-rich seed soaking liquid at 28-32 ℃ for soaking for 6-12 h, and fishing out for accelerating germination;
s302, selecting a field which is exposed to the sun and convenient for water irrigation as a seedling raising field, and raising rice seedlings by adopting a small arched shed plastic film heat preservation seedling raising mode or a dry-raised thin-planting seedling raising mode;
and S303, when the height of the seedling reaches 12-13 cm, removing the seedling with soil from the seedling field, manually or mechanically transplanting the seedling into the rice field, and keeping the water depth to be 1-2 cm after rice transplanting.
The selenium-rich seed soaking liquid provided by the embodiment of the invention is composed of 500-700 ml of selenium-rich biogas slurry, 70-150 ml of sodium hypochlorite solution, 50-120 g of betaine, 0.6-1.2 g of proline and the balance of sterilized deionized water per liter.
The row spacing of the rice transplanting provided by the embodiment of the invention is 27 multiplied by 10cm or 30 multiplied by 10cm, and 5-7 plants are planted in each hole.
In step S103 provided in the embodiment of the present invention, the performing fertilization management on rice includes: applying pure nitrogen 16-18 kg/666.7m in the whole growth period of the rice transplanting cultivation26-8 kg of organic selenium-rich fertilizer; in combination with ploughing, 17kg/666.7m ammonium sulfate was applied213-15 kg/666.7m diammonium phosphate26-8 kg of potash fertilizer; dressing 8-10 kg/666.7m of striking-back fertilizer urea 5-7 days after seedling planting, namely early May to early 6 months210-12 kg/666.7m of additional tillering fertilizer urea after half month of cuttage, namely 6 months and early26-8 kg/666.7m of spike fertilizer urea is applied at the bottom of 6 months and at the beginning of 7 months2(ii) a Meanwhile, selenium-rich chelate fertilizer is applied around the planting groups in the heading period of the rice.
As shown in fig. 4, in step S103 provided in the embodiment of the present invention, the preparation of the organic selenium-rich fertilizer includes:
s401, preparing the selenium-rich fertilizer: grinding selenium ore powder, sieving with a 100-120-mesh sieve, and mixing with activated carbon according to the weight ratio of 5: 1 to obtain the selenium-rich fertilizer;
s402, preparing an organic fertilizer: mixing corn straw, livestock manure and soybean according to the weight ratio of 10: 10: 1, retting for 30-35 days to obtain an organic fertilizer;
s403, mixing the selenium-rich fertilizer and the organic fertilizer according to the proportion of 1: 20, and mixing uniformly to obtain the organic selenium-rich fertilizer.
As shown in fig. 5, in step S104 provided in the embodiment of the present invention, the performing field management on rice includes:
s501, transplanting rice seedlings until the tillering stage is kept shallow, and spraying a sodium carbonate solution with the mass concentration of 0.85% every three days in the jointing stage;
s502, in the young ear differentiation period of the rice, the rose seed extracting solution is added according to the proportion of 1: 35, adding water in a mass ratio, spraying once, and continuously growing the young spikes until the young spikes are stripped and blossomed to keep natural growth;
s503, after row sealing, in the ear break period or after ear alignment, Fuji No. 1 or tricyclazole is sprayed to prevent rice blast, and when the rice ears hang down and are golden yellow, harvesting can be carried out.
The spraying amount of the sodium carbonate solution provided by the embodiment of the invention is 10-12 kg per mu.
The spraying amount of the rose seed extracting solution provided by the embodiment of the invention is 14-16 kg per mu.
The preparation method of the rose seed extracting solution provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps: soaking rose seeds in a hydrochloric acid solution with the mass concentration of 0.50% for 3-6 h; after crushing, cleaning with clear water according to the proportion of 1: mixing with 70% ethanol solution at a mass ratio of 15, sealing at 26 deg.C for 24 hr, filtering, and recovering ethanol to obtain the desired rose seed extractive solution.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described with reference to the following specific examples.
Example (b): 2013LJ-10 brief introduction
Variety sources are as follows: ningxia agriculture and forestry academy of sciences crops research institute and Ningxia Zaitan species limited company are produced by directional breeding of Ningdao No. 216/Yutian No. 10 after hybridization.
Characteristic features: the seedlings have upright leaves, dense and green leaves, compact plant types, the plant height of 104.1cm, 15 leaves of main stems, medium tillering rate, scattered and large spike types, the spike length of 15.7cm, medium grain density, 108.1 grains in total per spike, 95.2 grains in each spike, 88.1 percent of maturing rate, 25.8 grams of thousand grain weight, broad grain shape, glume tips, yellow glume stalks and no awns. 2016 department of agriculture food quality supervision and inspection test center (wuhan) determination: the brown rice rate is 83.2%, the polished rice rate is 75.0%, the whole polished rice rate is 63.1%, the chalky rice rate is 30%, the chalky degree is 4.8%, the amylose content is 16.8%, the gel consistency is 70mm, the rice quality is excellent, and the national standard high-quality rice is grade 3.
The growth period is about 149.0 days, and the late maturing is 3 days later than the control rich source four, and belongs to the middle-early maturing variety. 2014-2015 inoculation identification: it can resist leaf blast, ear blast and lodging. The variety has low temperature resistance, salt and alkali resistance, fast green returning and luxuriant seedling growth.
Suitable regions and yield levels: is suitable for direct seeding or transplanting in Ningxia rice area.
5 points of the 2014 regional test show that the yield is increased by 1 and reduced by 4, the average yield per mu is 748.1kg, the yield is increased by 5.9 percent compared with the yield increased by four, and the yield is increased remarkably; in 2016, the 3 point of the area test 6 is increased by 3, the average yield per mu is 764.9kg, the yield is increased by 0.7 percent compared with the yield increased by No. 4, and the yield is not increased significantly; the 7 point of the two-year district test 11 is increased by 4, the average yield per mu is 756.5kg, and the yield is increased by 3.3 percent compared with the contrast; in 2016, the production test shows that 5 points all increase the yield, the average yield per mu is 665.1kg, and the yield is increased by 5.1 percent compared with the yield increased by No. 4.
The cultivation technical points are as follows: is suitable for rice transplanting, soil moisture preservation and dry sowing or water-feeding cultivation after sowing.
1. Transplanting rice seedlings and cultivating: (1) seedling culture and transplanting: and culturing seedlings for 4 months, 10 days to 4 months and 20 days. A small arched shed plastic film heat-preservation seedling raising mode or a dry-raising thin-planting seedling raising mode is adopted, seedling raising bed soil is prepared according to the technical requirements of special fertilizers (seedling raising fertilizer, seedling strengthening agent and the like) for seedling raising, seeds are soaked in 2000 times of 80% of '402' pesticide for 2-3 days after being aired for 1-2 days before sowing, germination is carried out, and the sowing amount per mu is 200-350 kg (calculated by dry seeds). The seedling field management is carried out according to the principle of 'seeing green and giving off wind and controlling irrigation', so that the seedlings are trained early and raised dry. The seedling transplanting period is 5 months and 10 days to 5 months and 25 days. The row spacing of the rice seedlings is 27 multiplied by 10cm or 30 multiplied by 10cm, and 5-7 plants are planted in each hole. (2) Fertilizing: applying pure nitrogen 16-18 kg/666.7m in the whole growth period of the rice transplanting cultivation2. Base fertilizer: in combination with the last ploughing, 17kg/666.7m of ammonium sulfate was applied213-15 kg/666.7m diammonium phosphate2Potash fertilizer (K)2O) 6-8 kg; topdressing: dressing 8-10 kg/666.7m of striking root fertilizer urea 5-7 days after cuttage, namely beginning of May to 6 months210-12 kg/666.7m of additional tillering fertilizer urea after half month of cuttage, namely 6 months and early26-8 kg/666.7m of spike fertilizer urea is applied at the bottom of 6 months and at the beginning of 7 months2. The fertilizing amount of the field with low terrain and good water retention is off-line, otherwiseIt is online.
(3) Field management: the principle of water layer management is two-protection two-control. Shallow water is reserved in the seedling transplanting-tillering stage so as to facilitate early and quick tillering. And controlling irrigation and proper field drying from the tillering peak stage to the young ear differentiation initial stage (from late 6 months to early 7 months), wherein the field drying is generally carried out for 5-7 days, so as to control ineffective tillering. The water retention layer is used from the booting stage to the heading stage (from the middle ten days of 7 months to the beginning of 8 months) so as to facilitate the growth of ears and prevent obstructive cold injury. After the spikes are aligned, the irrigation is controlled to achieve dry-wet combination, the root system activity is kept, the roots are stabilized and prevented from falling down, the grouting is promoted, and the water can not be cut off for a long time. After closing the row (7 months at the bottom of 6 months), at the stage of breaking the ear (7 months at the bottom before ear emergence) or after finishing the ear (ten days in 8 months), respectively spraying pesticide (Fuji No. 1 and tricyclazole) to prevent rice blast.
2. Preserving soil moisture, dry sowing and cultivating: sowing the seeds at the beginning of 4 months. The seeding quantity per mu is about 20 kg. Applying pure nitrogen to the acres in the whole growth period to be controlled at 20-22 kg. 20kg of ammonium sulfate, 15kg of diammonium phosphate and potash fertilizer (K) are applied to the ground per mu2O) 6-8 kg; the fertilizing time and the fertilizing amount can refer to the rice transplanting cultivation, and the fertilizing amount is based on the upper line. Field management and rice transplanting cultivation.
3. Watering after sowing: coating the seeds with a coating agent to prevent bakanae disease; seeding is generally carried out 5 months and 15 days before; the seeding amount is reduced in cultivation, lodging is prevented, the seeding amount per mu of a field with good land fertility is 15-20 kg, and the seeding amount per mu of water in a low-lying saline-alkali land is 25 kg. The nitrogen application amount (pure nitrogen) per mu is not more than 22 kg; 16kg of ammonium sulfate and 15kg of diammonium phosphate, K are applied to the ground per mu27-9 kg of potassium chloride or potassium sulfate fertilizer with the O content of about 50%; 8kg of urea for applying the seedling fertilizer to each mu 25 days before and after 5 months; 10kg of tillering fertilizer urea is applied to each acre in the last ten days of 6 months; 4-5 kg of spike fertilizer urea is applied to each mu in the last ten days of 7 months. The variety has general lodging resistance, the application amount of the panicle fertilizer cannot be too large, and the moderate sunning in the middle and later stages is favorable for stabilizing roots and preventing collapse. The field management can refer to rice transplanting cultivation.
In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified; the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inner", "outer", "front", "rear", "head", "tail", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are only for convenience in describing and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the present invention and the appended claims are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, which is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents and improvements that are within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The planting method of the disease-preventing lodging-resistant rice is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step one, screening and pretreating rice seeds: selecting rice seeds with full grains, and airing the screened rice seeds in the sun for 3-5 days; soaking the aired rice seeds in a fulvic acid solution for 6-8 hours, replacing the fulvic acid solution with the same concentration once every 1.5 hours, and filtering; cleaning the surfaces of the soaked and filtered rice seeds once by using clear water, performing cold plasma treatment, and naturally drying for later use;
step two, accelerating germination, raising seedlings and transplanting rice seeds: placing the pretreated rice seeds in a selenium-rich seed soaking liquid at 28-32 ℃ for soaking for 6-12 h, and fishing out for accelerating germination; selecting a field which is exposed to the sun and convenient for water irrigation as a seedling raising field, and raising rice seedlings by adopting a small arched shed plastic film heat-preservation seedling raising mode or a dry-raising and thin-planting seedling raising mode; when the height of the seedlings reaches 12-13 cm, the seedlings with soil are moved out of a seedling field, manually or mechanically transplanted into the rice field, and after rice transplanting is carried out, the water depth is kept to be 1-2 cm;
step three, fertilizing and managing the rice: applying pure nitrogen and organic selenium-rich fertilizer in the whole growth period of the rice transplanting and cultivating; applying ammonium sulfate, diammonium phosphate and a potassium fertilizer in combination with plowing; topdressing striking fertilizer urea 5-7 days after transplanting, namely early ten days of May to early 6 months, topdressing tillering fertilizer urea after later months of transplanting, and topdressing fertilizer urea after later months of 6 months and early 7 months of 6 months; meanwhile, selenium-rich chelate fertilizer is applied around the planting groups in the heading period of the rice;
step four, performing field management of the rice: transplanting rice seedlings until the tillering stage is kept shallow, and spraying a sodium carbonate solution with the mass concentration of 0.85% every three days in the jointing stage; in the young ear differentiation period of rice, rose seed extracting solution is added according to the proportion of 1: 35, adding water in a mass ratio, spraying once, and continuously growing the young spikes until the young spikes are stripped and blossomed to keep natural growth; after row sealing, in the ear break period or after ear alignment, Fuji No. 1 or tricyclazole is sprayed to prevent rice blast, and when the rice ears droop and turn golden yellow, the rice ears can be harvested.
2. The planting method of disease-preventing lodging-resistant rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the first step, the fulvic acid solution has a mass concentration of 1.20%.
3. The method for planting disease-preventing and lodging-resistant rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the first step, the cold plasma treatment conditions are as follows: the discharge medium is helium, the processing power is 40-80W, and the processing time is 30-60 s.
4. The planting method of the disease-preventing lodging-resistant rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the second step, each liter of the selenium-rich seed soaking solution is composed of 500-700 ml of selenium-rich biogas slurry, 70-150 ml of sodium hypochlorite solution, 50-120 g of betaine, 0.6-1.2 g of proline and the balance of sterilized deionized water.
5. The planting method of the disease-preventing lodging-resistant rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the second step, the row spacing of the rice seedlings is 27 x 10cm or 30 x 10cm, and 5-7 rice seedlings are planted in each hole.
6. The method for planting disease-preventing lodging-resistant rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step three, the rice fertilization management comprises:
applying pure nitrogen 16-18 kg/666.7m in the whole growth period of the rice transplanting cultivation2(ii) a Ammonium sulfate is added in 17kg/666.7m213-15 kg/666.7m diammonium phosphate26-8 kg of potash fertilizer; dressing 8-10 kg/666.7m of striking-back fertilizer urea 5-7 days after seedling planting, namely early May to early 6 months210-12 kg/666.7m of additional tillering fertilizer urea after half month of cuttage, namely 6 months and early26-8 kg/666.7m of spike fertilizer urea is applied at the bottom of 6 months and at the beginning of 7 months2。
7. The planting method of disease-preventing lodging-resistant rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step three, the preparation of the organic selenium-rich fertilizer comprises:
(1) preparing the selenium-rich fertilizer: grinding selenium ore powder, sieving with a 100-120-mesh sieve, and mixing with activated carbon according to the weight ratio of 5: 1 to obtain the selenium-rich fertilizer;
(2) preparing an organic fertilizer: mixing corn straw, livestock manure and soybean according to the weight ratio of 10: 10: 1, retting for 30-35 days to obtain an organic fertilizer;
(3) mixing selenium-rich fertilizer and organic fertilizer according to the proportion of 1: 20, and mixing uniformly to obtain the organic selenium-rich fertilizer.
8. The planting method of disease-preventing lodging-resistant rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the fourth step, the spraying amount of the sodium carbonate solution is 10-12 kg per mu.
9. The planting method of disease-preventing lodging-resistant rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the fourth step, the amount of the rose seed extract sprayed is 14-16 kg per mu.
10. The method for planting disease-preventing lodging-resistant rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the fourth step, the preparation of the rose seed extract comprises:
soaking rose seeds in a hydrochloric acid solution with the mass concentration of 0.50% for 3-6 h; after crushing, cleaning with clear water according to the proportion of 1: mixing with 70% ethanol solution at a mass ratio of 15, sealing at 26 deg.C for 24 hr, filtering, and recovering ethanol to obtain the desired rose seed extractive solution.
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