CN108990729B - Film covering stress-resistant high-yield planting method for corn in cold area - Google Patents
Film covering stress-resistant high-yield planting method for corn in cold area Download PDFInfo
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- CN108990729B CN108990729B CN201811010125.7A CN201811010125A CN108990729B CN 108990729 B CN108990729 B CN 108990729B CN 201811010125 A CN201811010125 A CN 201811010125A CN 108990729 B CN108990729 B CN 108990729B
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- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 84
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 208000003643 Callosities Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 206010020649 Hyperkeratosis Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000002363 herbicidal effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000004009 herbicide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 15
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- -1 octyl atrazine Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 10
- 229960001763 zinc sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000019691 monocalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N (S)-malic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- PXMNMQRDXWABCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-3-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)pentan-3-ol Chemical compound C1=NC=NN1CC(O)(C(C)(C)C)CCC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 PXMNMQRDXWABCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C2C=CC1C(C(=O)O)C2(C(O)=O)[N+]([O-])=O QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 240000002234 Allium sativum Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000009051 Ambrosia paniculata var. peruviana Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000003097 Artemisia absinthium Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 240000001851 Artemisia dracunculus Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000017731 Artemisia dracunculus ssp. dracunculus Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000003261 Artemisia vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000005839 Tebuconazole Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-hydroxysuccinic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001138 artemisia absinthium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000004611 garlic Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004021 humic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001630 malic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000011090 malic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003967 crop rotation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 208000032625 disorder of ear Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000016383 Zea mays subsp huehuetenangensis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000009973 maize Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241001057636 Dracaena deremensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007244 Zea mays Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000005069 ears Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000010196 hermaphroditism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000243 photosynthetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
- C05D9/02—Other inorganic fertilisers containing trace elements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F1/00—Fertilisers made from animal corpses, or parts thereof
- C05F1/005—Fertilisers made from animal corpses, or parts thereof from meat-wastes or from other wastes of animal origin, e.g. skins, hair, hoofs, feathers, blood
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
- C05F11/02—Other organic fertilisers from peat, brown coal, and similar vegetable deposits
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F5/00—Fertilisers from distillery wastes, molasses, vinasses, sugar plant or similar wastes or residues, e.g. from waste originating from industrial processing of raw material of agricultural origin or derived products thereof
- C05F5/002—Solid waste from mechanical processing of material, e.g. seed coats, olive pits, almond shells, fruit residue, rice hulls
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F7/00—Fertilisers from waste water, sewage sludge, sea slime, ooze or similar masses
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/28—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture specially adapted for farming
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of crop cultivation, and particularly relates to a plastic mulching stress-resistant high-yield planting method for corn in a cold area, which comprises the following steps: before sealing and freezing in autumn, selecting a land block with flat terrain and convenient irrigation and drainage for deep ploughing, uniformly spreading decomposed organic fertilizer, and ploughing once again; leveling, raking finely and ridging, spraying a herbicide after spreading a base fertilizer, covering a mulching film, and sowing the pretreated corn seeds on the ridges when the average ground temperature of a plough layer of 10cm is stabilized at 10-12 ℃; applying stress-resistant fertilizer to the roots of the germinated corns; topdressing at the middle stage of jointing, irrigation at the large-horn mouth stage after jointing and castration at the later stage. The invention combines a mulching film cultivation mode with the environmental characteristics of the cold region corn to prepare the stress-resistant fertilizer, thereby achieving the purpose of stress resistance and high yield of the cold region corn.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of crop cultivation, and particularly relates to a plastic mulching stress-resistant high-yield planting method for corn in a cold area.
Background
Corn (the name of Zea mays), the first large grain crop in China, is a carbon-4 plant in the biological range, and the bracts are photosynthetic in the C3 mode and belong to hermaphrodite plants. The main producing area is located in the third corn zone of the world, the Chinese Songliao plain corn zone. The total planting area of corn is about 1249.35 square kilometers, also called corn, corn (corn stick), corn, rod, and hammer. Chaoshan is called Young Meiren (due to introduction from America), Yue is called maize, Minnan is called Caomai. Is an annual gramineous herbaceous plant, is an important food crop and an important feed source, is rich in nutrition and is also the food crop with the highest overall yield all over the world. The main corn production areas in China are mainly distributed in the north, the northeast Sanjiang-Songnen plain is the most important corn production base in China, 2-4 heat accumulation zones in the climate zones of the Heilongjiang province in the black soil area in the northeast are 46 DEG 01 DEG, -48 DEG 30 DEG north, 123 DEG, -133 DEG north, and the alpine mountain area in the east of Jilin, and the corns planted in the areas belong to the cold region corns.
The plastic film mulching is a new technology, and large-area popularization and practice proves that the plastic film mulching has large yield increasing amplitude, high economic benefit and wide application range, and is a few means for increasing the yield and income in agricultural production. The most prominent effect of mulching the corn with the mulching film is to increase the temperature and preserve the soil moisture and make up for the shortage of temperature, light and water resources. The accumulated temperature can be increased by 200-400 ℃ generally, the frost resistance of the corn is enhanced, and the frost-free period is relatively prolonged.
Stress resistance of a plant refers to certain traits of the plant that resist adverse environments; such as cold resistance, drought resistance, salt resistance, disease and pest resistance and the like. Due to the limitation of accumulated temperature and water resource shortage in northern areas, the production potential of corn cannot be fully exerted, so that the stress resistance of the corn in cold areas is poor and the yield is low. Therefore, the invention designs a plastic film mulching stress-resistant high-yield planting method for corn in the cold region by combining a plastic film cultivation mode.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention combines a mulching film cultivation mode with the environmental characteristics of the cold region corn to prepare the stress-resistant fertilizer, thereby achieving the purpose of stress resistance and high yield of the cold region corn.
The invention provides a plastic film mulching stress-resistant high-yield planting method for corn in a cold area, which comprises the following steps:
s1, before sealing and freezing in autumn, selecting land with flat terrain, good water and fertilizer retention performance, deep plough layer and convenient irrigation and drainage, and deeply ploughing for 30-40cm at a rate of 10-14t/hm2Uniformly spreading decomposed organic fertilizer, ploughing once again, and deeply ploughingThe degree is 10-20 cm;
s2, leveling, raking and ridging in the spring of the next year, wherein the ridge width is 110-130cm and is 400kg/hm2Uniformly spreading base fertilizer, spraying herbicide, covering a mulching film, arranging the periphery of the mulching film in furrows, compacting the mulching film by using soil, and sowing 2 rows of pretreated corn seeds on ridges by adopting holes on the mulching film when the average ground temperature of a plough layer of 10cm is stabilized at 10-12 ℃;
wherein the base fertilizer is formed by mixing potassium sulfate, urea, zinc sulfate and calcium superphosphate;
s3, after the corns sprout, applying stress-resistant fertilizer to the roots according to the amount of 4-5 g/plant;
wherein the stress-resistant fertilizer is prepared by mixing marsh sludge, cake meal, borax, shell powder, malic acid, humic acid, garlic and wormwood in a mass ratio of 5:2:0.5:1:1.3:2:0.7: 0.9;
s4, the medium term of corn jointing is 400kg/hm at 300-2Applying urea to roots; irrigating water into the furrows when the joints are pulled out to a large bell mouth period, and keeping the water content of the soil on the ridges to be 70-80 percent; and emasculation is carried out in an interlaced way in the flowering period.
Preferably, the plots in S1 are plots planted with soybean or corn in previous crops.
Preferably, the herbicide in S2 is atractyl acetate.
Preferably, the row spacing of the corn seeds sowed in the S2 is 22cm, the row spacing on the ridges is 40cm, and the soil covering depth is 3-5 cm.
Preferably, the pretreatment mode of the corn seeds in the S2 is as follows: the tebuconazole suspension seed coating agent with the concentration of 60g/L is used for dressing corn seeds, and the usage of the seed coating agent is that 1g of seed coating agent is used for dressing 50g of seeds.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the potassium sulfate, the urea, the zinc sulfate and the calcium superphosphate in the S2 base fertilizer is 5:3:0.2: 2.
Preferably, the mulching film is a polyethylene degradable transparent film with the thickness of 0.05 mm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method is combined with a mulching film cultivation mode aiming at the environmental characteristics of shortage of light and warm water resources of the cold-region corn, mulching films are covered on ridges to increase temperature, preserve water and preserve fertilizer, seeds are pretreated to prevent plant diseases and insect pests, stress-resistant fertilizer is prepared to improve the stress resistance of the corn, emasculation is performed in an interlaced mode to improve the yield of the corn, and the purposes of stress resistance and high yield of the cold-region corn are achieved through reasonable water fertilizer and field management.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to a few specific embodiments thereof, but it should be understood that the scope of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments, and experimental methods used in the examples are general ones, and materials used in the examples are commercially available, unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
A plastic film mulching stress-resistant high-yield planting method for corn in cold regions comprises the following steps:
s1, before sealing and freezing in autumn, selecting a land block with flat terrain, good water and fertilizer retention performance, deep plough layer and convenient irrigation and drainage, and deeply ploughing for 33cm, and then according to 12t/hm2Uniformly spreading decomposed organic fertilizer, and ploughing once again at a depth of 15 cm;
wherein, the plot is the plot in which the soybean or the corn is planted in the previous stubble, thereby realizing crop rotation and promoting the yield increase of the corn.
S2, in spring of the next year, leveling, raking and ridging, wherein the ridge width is 120cm and is 400kg/hm2Uniformly spreading a base fertilizer, spraying a herbicide (ethyl atrazine, namely octyl atrazine, the using amount of which is 50 percent of the using amount of the conventional non-mulching film), covering a mulching film, arranging the periphery of the mulching film in furrows, compacting the mulching film by using soil, preserving water and fertilizer, sowing 2 rows of pretreated corn seeds on ridges by adopting holes on the mulching film when the average ground temperature of a plough layer of 10cm is stabilized at 10-12 ℃, compacting the mulching film at the edges of the holes by using the soil, selecting the corn seeds from the varieties commonly used in cold areas, and adopting a polyethylene degradable transparent film as the mulching film, wherein the thickness of the polyethylene degradable transparent film is 0.05 mm;
wherein, the organic fertilizer application, the film covering, the sowing and the soil covering can be mechanically completed;
wherein the base fertilizer is prepared by mixing potassium sulfate, urea, zinc sulfate and calcium superphosphate, and the mass ratio of the potassium sulfate to the urea to the zinc sulfate is 5:3:0.2: 2; the row spacing of the sowing is 22cm, the row spacing on the ridges is 40cm, and the depth of the soil covering is 3-5 cm; the pretreatment mode of the corn seeds is as follows: the tebuconazole suspension seed coating agent with the concentration of 60g/L is used for dressing corn seeds, the usage of the seed coating agent is 1g of seed dressing agent for dressing 50g of seeds, the black silk ear disease of the corn can be prevented and treated, and the yield is improved.
S3, after the corns sprout, applying stress-resistant fertilizer to the roots according to the amount of 4-5 g/plant to enhance the stress resistance of the plants;
wherein the stress-resistant fertilizer is prepared by mixing marsh sludge, cake meal, borax, shell powder, malic acid, humic acid, garlic and wormwood in a mass ratio of 5:2:0.5:1:1.3:2:0.7: 0.9.
S4, the corn is planted at the middle stage of jointing according to 360kg/hm2Applying urea to roots; irrigating water into the furrows when the joints are pulled out to a large bell mouth period, keeping the water content of the soil on the ridges to be 75 percent, and providing sufficient water for growth and compaction; and 3, emasculation is performed in an interlaced mode in the flowering period, and yield increase is promoted.
Example 2
A plastic film mulching stress-resistant high-yield planting method for corn in cold regions comprises the following steps:
s1, before sealing and freezing in autumn, selecting a land block with flat terrain, good water and fertilizer retention performance, deep plough layer and convenient irrigation and drainage, and deeply ploughing for 30cm, and then according to the proportion of 10t/hm2Uniformly spreading decomposed organic fertilizer, and ploughing once again at a depth of 10 cm;
wherein, the plot is the plot in which the soybean or the corn is planted in the previous stubble, thereby realizing crop rotation and promoting the yield increase of the corn.
S2, in spring of the next year, leveling, raking and ridging, wherein the ridge width is 110cm and is 400kg/hm2Uniformly spreading a base fertilizer, spraying a herbicide (ethyl atrazine, namely octyl atrazine, the using amount of which is 50 percent of the using amount of a conventional non-mulching film), covering a mulching film, arranging the periphery of the mulching film in a furrow, compacting the mulching film by using soil, and preserving water and fertilizer, when the average ground temperature of a plough layer of 10cm is stabilized at 10-12 ℃, sowing 2 rows of pretreated corn seeds on ridges by adopting holes on the mulching film, compacting the mulching film at the edges of the holes by using the soil, selecting a variety commonly used in cold areas as the corn seeds, wherein the mulching film is a polyethylene degradable transparent film with the thickness of 0.05mm, arranging the periphery of the mulching film in the furrow, compacting the mulching film by using the soil, and preserving water and fertilizer;
wherein, the organic fertilizer application, the film covering, the sowing and the soil covering can be mechanically completed;
wherein the base fertilizer is prepared by mixing potassium sulfate, urea, zinc sulfate and calcium superphosphate, and the mass ratio of the potassium sulfate to the urea to the zinc sulfate is 5:3:0.2: 2; the row spacing of the sowing is 22cm, the row spacing on the ridges is 40cm, and the depth of the soil covering is 3-5 cm; the pretreatment mode of the corn seeds is as follows: the tebuconazole suspension seed coating agent with the concentration of 60g/L is used for dressing corn seeds, the usage of the seed coating agent is 1g of seed dressing agent for dressing 50g of seeds, the black silk ear disease of the corn can be prevented and treated, and the yield is improved.
S3, after the corns sprout, applying stress-resistant fertilizer to the roots according to the amount of 4-5 g/plant to enhance the stress resistance of the plants;
wherein the stress-resistant fertilizer is prepared by mixing marsh sludge, cake meal, borax, shell powder, malic acid, humic acid, garlic and wormwood in a mass ratio of 5:2:0.5:1:1.3:2:0.7: 0.9.
S4, the corn is planted at the middle stage of jointing according to 300kg/hm2Applying urea to roots; irrigating water into the furrows when the joints are pulled out to a large bell mouth period, keeping the water content of the soil on the ridges at 70 percent, and providing sufficient water for growth and compaction; and 3, emasculation is performed in an interlaced mode in the flowering period, and yield increase is promoted.
Example 3
A plastic film mulching stress-resistant high-yield planting method for corn in cold regions comprises the following steps:
s1, before sealing and freezing in autumn, selecting land with flat terrain, good water and fertilizer retention performance, deep plough layer and convenient irrigation and drainage, and deeply ploughing for 40cm, and then according to 14t/hm2Uniformly spreading decomposed organic fertilizer, and ploughing once again with the depth of 20 cm;
wherein, the plot is the plot in which the soybean or the corn is planted in the previous stubble, thereby realizing crop rotation and promoting the yield increase of the corn.
S2, in spring of the next year, leveling, raking and ridging, wherein the ridge width is 130cm and is 400kg/hm2Uniformly spreading base fertilizer, spraying herbicide (ethyl-atrazine-octyl ester, the dosage is 50% of that of conventional non-mulching film), covering with mulching film, arranging mulching film in furrow, compacting with soil, retaining water and retaining fertilizer, when the average ground temperature of 10cm of plough layer is stabilized at 10-12 deg.C, sowing 2 rows of pretreated corn seeds on ridge by adopting holes on mulching film, compacting mulching film at edge of hole with soil, selecting corn seeds from the species commonly used in cold land, making the mulching film be polyethylene degradable transparent film with thickness of 0.05mm, arranging mulching film in furrow and making them be covered with mulching film, and making the soil be sprayed on ridgeCompacting with soil, and preserving water and fertilizer;
wherein, the organic fertilizer application, the film covering, the sowing and the soil covering can be mechanically completed;
wherein the base fertilizer is prepared by mixing potassium sulfate, urea, zinc sulfate and calcium superphosphate, and the mass ratio of the potassium sulfate to the urea to the zinc sulfate is 5:3:0.2: 2; the row spacing of the sowing is 22cm, the row spacing on the ridges is 40cm, and the depth of the soil covering is 5 cm; the pretreatment mode of the corn seeds is as follows: the tebuconazole suspension seed coating agent with the concentration of 60g/L is used for dressing corn seeds, the usage of the seed coating agent is 1g of seed dressing agent for dressing 50g of seeds, the black silk ear disease of the corn can be prevented and treated, and the yield is improved.
S3, after the corns sprout, applying stress-resistant fertilizer to the roots according to the amount of 4-5 g/plant to enhance the stress resistance of the plants;
wherein the stress-resistant fertilizer is prepared by mixing marsh sludge, cake meal, borax, shell powder, malic acid, humic acid, garlic and wormwood in a mass ratio of 5:2:0.5:1:1.3:2:0.7: 0.9.
S4, the medium term of corn jointing is 400kg/hm at 300-2Applying urea to roots; irrigating water into the furrows when the joints are pulled out to a large bell mouth period, keeping the water content of the soil on the ridges to be 80 percent, and providing sufficient water for growth and compaction; and 3, emasculation is performed in an interlaced mode in the flowering period, and yield increase is promoted.
Example 4
The only difference between example 4 and example 1 is that the mulching film is not covered, and the rest of the planting process and the use amount of each material are consistent.
Example 5
Example 5 differs from example 1 only in that the stress-resistant fertilizer was removed and the remaining planting process and the amount of each material used were consistent.
To verify the effectiveness of the planting method of the present invention, the stress resistance and yield of the cold region corn planted using examples 1-5 were statistically compared, and the results were as follows:
TABLE 1 Effect of different planting methods on maize in Cold region
As can be seen from the table 1, under the same condition of corn seeds, the corn plants planted by the planting method of the embodiment 1-3 are higher and larger, the ear positions are reasonable, the center of the plants is low, the lodging resistance is strong, the internode length on the ears is convenient for daylighting and ventilation to facilitate growth, the pollen quantity is rich, a foundation is laid for high yield, and the yield is higher than that of the existing common planting mode; example 5, which removed the stress-resistant fertilizer, was significantly inferior to examples 1-3 in disease incidence, insect incidence, and lodging rate. Therefore, the planting method provided by the invention has the advantages of stress resistance and high yield.
It should be noted that the steps and methods adopted in the claims of the present invention are the same as those of the above-mentioned embodiments, and for the sake of avoiding redundancy, the present invention describes the preferred embodiments, but those skilled in the art can make other changes and modifications to these embodiments once they learn the basic inventive concept. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the invention.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (4)
1. A plastic film mulching stress-resistant high-yield planting method for corn in cold regions is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, before sealing and freezing in autumn, selecting land with flat terrain, good water and fertilizer retention performance, deep plough layer and convenient irrigation and drainage, and deeply ploughing for 30-40cm at a rate of 10-14t/hm2Uniformly spreading decomposed organic fertilizer, and ploughing once again at a depth of 10-20 cm;
s2, leveling, raking and ridging in the spring of the next year, wherein the ridge width is 110-130cm and is 400kg/hm2Uniformly spreading base fertilizer, spraying herbicide, covering with mulching film, and arranging mulching film aroundCompacting in furrows by using soil, and sowing 2 rows of pretreated corn seeds on ridges by adopting holes on a mulching film when the average ground temperature of a plough layer of 10cm is stabilized at 10-12 ℃;
the pretreatment mode of the corn seeds in the S2 is as follows: the tebuconazole suspension seed coating agent with the concentration of 60g/L is used for dressing corn seeds, and the usage of the seed coating agent is that 1g of seed coating agent is used for dressing 50g of seeds;
wherein the base fertilizer is formed by mixing potassium sulfate, urea, zinc sulfate and calcium superphosphate;
the mass ratio of potassium sulfate, urea, zinc sulfate and calcium superphosphate in the base fertilizer is 5:3:0.2: 2;
s3, after the corns sprout, applying stress-resistant fertilizer to the roots according to the amount of 4-5 g/plant;
wherein the stress-resistant fertilizer is prepared by mixing marsh sludge, cake meal, borax, shell powder, malic acid, humic acid, garlic and wormwood in a mass ratio of 5:2:0.5:1:1.3:2:0.7: 0.9;
s4, the medium term of corn jointing is 400kg/hm at 300-2Applying urea to roots; irrigating water into the furrows when the joints are pulled out to a large bell mouth period, and keeping the water content of the soil on the ridges to be 70-80 percent; emasculation is carried out on every other line in the flowering period;
the plots in S1 are the plots planted with soybean or corn in the previous crop.
2. The method for planting corn in cold areas with plastic mulching and stress-resistant high yield as claimed in claim 1, wherein the herbicide in S2 is octyl atrazine.
3. The plastic film mulching stress-resistant high-yield planting method for corn seeds in the cold area as claimed in claim 1, wherein the planting distance of the corn seeds in S2 is 22cm, the row spacing on the ridges is 40cm, and the soil covering depth is 3-5 cm.
4. The plastic mulching stress-resistant high-yield planting method for corns in the cold area of claim 1, wherein the plastic mulching film is a polyethylene degradable transparent film with the thickness of 0.05 mm.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102657017A (en) * | 2012-05-30 | 2012-09-12 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Cold-field corn cultivation method with 1000kg per mu |
| CN103098633A (en) * | 2013-01-31 | 2013-05-15 | 武永福 | Anniversary furrow film mulching drought resisting cultivation technique for corns in north arid area |
| CN105493798A (en) * | 2014-09-25 | 2016-04-20 | 李威 | Early ripening maize high-yield cultivation technology |
| CN107382624A (en) * | 2017-08-23 | 2017-11-24 | 无为县群鑫生态农业有限公司 | One kind improves corn resistance fertilizer |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102657017A (en) * | 2012-05-30 | 2012-09-12 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Cold-field corn cultivation method with 1000kg per mu |
| CN103098633A (en) * | 2013-01-31 | 2013-05-15 | 武永福 | Anniversary furrow film mulching drought resisting cultivation technique for corns in north arid area |
| CN105493798A (en) * | 2014-09-25 | 2016-04-20 | 李威 | Early ripening maize high-yield cultivation technology |
| CN107382624A (en) * | 2017-08-23 | 2017-11-24 | 无为县群鑫生态农业有限公司 | One kind improves corn resistance fertilizer |
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