CN110338008B

CN110338008B - Quinoa seedling raising, transplanting and planting method suitable for coastal saline-alkali soil

Info

Publication number: CN110338008B
Application number: CN201910390501.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 梁晓艳; 郭洪恩; 王向誉; 张海洋; 付娆; 衣葵花; 顾寅钰
Original assignee: Shandong Sericultural Research Institute
Current assignee: Shandong Sericultural Research Institute
Priority date: 2019-05-10
Filing date: 2019-05-10
Publication date: 2021-10-22
Anticipated expiration: 2039-05-10
Also published as: CN110338008A

Abstract

The invention relates to a quinoa seedling raising, transplanting and planting method suitable for coastal saline-alkali soil, which comprises the following steps: (1) collecting quinoa seeds, and sowing the quinoa seeds into a seedling culture medium to obtain transplanted seedlings; (2) transplanting the transplanted seedlings and the seedling culture substrate together into furrows with the furrow depth of 18-22 cm, finishing the seedlings, and watering thoroughly; (3) and (5) carrying out normal field management. According to the method, strong seedlings are cultivated through a specific seedling culture substrate for the first time, the growing period of the chenopodium quinoa willd is advanced, pollination of the chenopodium quinoa willd and normal growth of grains are guaranteed, and the problem that the chenopodium quinoa willd planting cannot be popularized in coastal saline-alkali soil at present is solved.

Description

Quinoa seedling raising, transplanting and planting method suitable for coastal saline-alkali soil

Technical Field

The invention relates to a quinoa seedling raising, transplanting and planting method suitable for coastal saline-alkali soil, and belongs to the technical field of saline-alkali soil cultivation.

Background

Soil salination is a global ecological problem. According to incomplete statistics of textbook organization and grain and agriculture organization of the United nations, the area of the saline-alkali soil in the whole world reaches 9.55 multiplied by 10⁸The area of the saline-alkali soil in China is 9913 hectares, the saline-alkali soil is widely distributed in China, wherein the saline-alkali soil in China is in northwest, northChina, northeast and coastalThe main distribution area, in which the coastal saline-alkali land occupies a high proportion of the saline-alkali soil area in China. The coastal saline-alkali soil of the yellow river delta is an important reserve land resource in China, but the current saline-alkali soil of the yellow river delta has single crop planting mode, low yield and high soil salinization degree, seriously restricts the agricultural development of the area, and the low benefit of planting the saline-alkali soil and the high cost of improving the saline-alkali soil enable most of the saline-alkali soil to be in an idle state all the time. Therefore, the utilization efficiency of the saline-alkali soil in the yellow river delta area is improved, and the variety of crops in the area is enriched.

Chenopodium quinoa belongs to annual dicotyledonous herbaceous plants of Chenopodium of Amaranthaceae, is native to Andes mountain in south America, is a main traditional food for indigenous residents in Yijia province, has a planting history of over 5000 + 7000 years, breeds Yijia nationality, and ancient Yijia people are called as 'mother of grains'. The quinoa seeds contain a large amount of protein, vitamins and minerals, are identified as the only monomer plant by food and agriculture organizations of the united nations to be food which can meet the basic nutritional requirements of human bodies, and are formally recommended to be perfect full-nutrition food suitable for human beings.

Quinoa originates from high-altitude areas, has strong adaptability to the environment, is distributed from sea level to the altitude of more than 4000 meters, and has the characteristics of cold resistance, drought resistance, barren resistance, saline and alkaline resistance and the like. Quinoa is a facultative halophyte, some quinoa varieties can bear salt stress as high as seawater (the conductivity is 40ds/m or is equivalent to about 400mmol/L NaCl), and due to the outstanding salt-tolerant characteristics and excellent nutritional quality of quinoa, quinoa has remarkable advantages in screening salt-tolerant plants in saline-alkali soil, and in addition, the restoration effect of the salt-tolerant plants on soil is also an important factor in screening salt-tolerant plants in saline-alkali soil. The precondition of the candidate plant for soil desalination is that the plant has very strong salt tolerance, high biomass, relatively high salt absorption capacity, strong sodium storage capacity in the stem, high economic utilization value and the like. Quinoa may be a more desirable crop to meet these requirements. Therefore, the chenopodium quinoa willd planting in saline-alkali soil is an important way for developing and utilizing coastal saline-alkali soil.

Chinese patent document CN108770406A (application No. 201810646023.8) discloses a method for planting chenopodium quinoa in saline-alkali soil with good quality and high yield, which comprises the steps of physical improvement, mechanical improvement and chemical improvement on the soil; the physical improvement is as follows: reserving a slope with a high middle part and a low periphery on the ground of the field, arranging a ridge on the low periphery of the field to surround the ground, and digging a drainage ditch outside the ridge; filling the field with water in a rapid flood irrigation mode, keeping the water level 20cm higher than the ground, and keeping the water for 10-15h to enable the water to seep at least 30cm below the ground; simultaneously digging water outlets on the ridges around the field, and draining salt for the first time to discharge water in the field into the drainage ditch from the water outlets around the field; the method firstly carries out salt elimination on the field to reduce the salinity and alkalinity of the soil, then carries out mechanical improvement and chemical improvement to control the salinity and alkalinity to meet the process requirements, and carries out seeding, thereby avoiding the problem that quinoa seeds can not germinate and emerge due to high salinity and alkalinity.

Chinese patent document CN108094082A (application No. 201711205633.6) discloses a planting method of chenopodium quinoa in inland soda saline-alkali soil, which takes a desalting agent as a core and takes agricultural and chemical measures as assistance to construct a drainage ditch; land preparation in autumn; treating soil before spring sowing, deep ploughing and shallow rotating; soaking seeds with a desalting agent before sowing; spraying biological agent to protect the seedling in the seedling stage. Chemical improvement measures are adopted to neutralize salt and alkali, and water is poured to wash salt, so that the salt and alkali damage degree to the quinoa is reduced; performing fine cultivation on the soil before sowing, controlling the sowing depth and promoting the germination of the small chenopodium quinoa seeds; soaking and coating quinoa seeds before sowing by using biological improvement measures, and spraying in a seedling stage to improve the saline-alkali resistance of the seeds and seedlings and achieve the purposes of improving the emergence rate and the seedling protection rate; simple operation and obvious effect.

However, coastal saline-alkali soil has high salt content and poor soil texture, and the problems of difficult seedling emergence, seedling shortage and ridge breaking are generally existed. In addition, due to the special climatic conditions of the coastal saline-alkali soil, the quinoa is usually aborted due to the temperature and humidity conditions in the actual cultivation process, which is a main obstacle that troubles the popularization and planting of the quinoa in the coastal saline-alkali soil at present. The technical problem of planting quinoa in coastal saline and alkaline can not be solved by the technology.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a quinoa seedling raising, transplanting and planting method suitable for coastal saline-alkali soil.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

a quinoa seedling raising, transplanting and planting method suitable for coastal saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:

(1) sowing quinoa seeds into a seedling culture medium, and culturing to 6-leaf stage under the conditions of temperature of 22-26 ℃ and humidity of 55-65% to obtain transplanted seedlings;

the seedling raising substrate comprises the following components in parts by mass:

12-18 parts of grass carbon, 12-18 parts of vermiculite, 25-35 parts of sandy soil, 12-18 parts of biochar, 15-25 parts of organic fertilizer and 1.5-2.5 parts of prohexadione calcium;

(2) performing flood irrigation on coastal saline-alkali land plots to be cultivated within 20 days of 3 months and 30 days of 3 months, and applying 35-45 kg of compound fertilizer and 140-160 kg of bio-organic fertilizer per mu within 10 days of 4 months and 5-4 months; transplanting the transplanted seedlings in the step (1) together with a seedling culture substrate into a furrow with the depth of 18-22 cm during the period of 12-4 months and 17 days, and watering thoroughly;

(3) and (5) carrying out normal field management.

Preferably, in the step (1), the quinoa seeds are seeds of quinoa premature varieties with short growth period; more preferably, the quinoa precocious variety is Huaqing No. 1, Qingchen No. 2, HX2 and NKY-S4.

According to the invention, in the step (1), the sowing depth is 1-1.5 cm, and the method further comprises the step of thoroughly watering the seedling substrate by spraying water on the surface after sowing.

According to the invention, in the step (1), the cultivation temperature before emergence of seedlings is 24-26 ℃, the humidity is 60-65%, and surface water spraying is carried out every other day; the cultivation temperature after seedling emergence is 22-25 ℃, the humidity is 55-60%, and watering is carried out once every three days; and 5 days before transplanting, the method also comprises the steps of opening a shed for ventilation and exercising seedlings day and night.

According to the invention, in the step (1), the seedling culture substrate further comprises 0.35-0.4 part of microbial fertilizer; further preferably, in the step (1), the seedling culture substrate further comprises 0.4 part of microbial fertilizer.

According to the invention, in the step (1), the seedling substrate comprises the following components in parts by mass:

15 parts of turf, 15 parts of vermiculite, 30 parts of sandy soil, 15 parts of biochar, 20 parts of organic fertilizer and 2 parts of prohexadione calcium.

Further preferably, the microbial fertilizer (NEB) is purchased from rhizomazole.

According to the invention, in the step (2), the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the compound fertilizer is 1:1: 1.

According to the invention, in the step (2), the step of applying the fertilizer further comprises the step of applying an insect-resistant medicament, and the specific steps are as follows:

spreading the insect-resistant pesticide according to the using amount, carrying out rotary tillage and deep tillage by adopting a rotary cultivator, wherein the rotary tillage depth is 25-30 cm, the leveling rake is fine, then, ditching and planting are carried out, the row spacing is 45-55 cm, and the ditching depth is 18-22 cm.

According to the invention, the insect-resistant medicament is phoxim granules, and the application amount is 4.5 kg/mu.

According to the invention, in the step (2), after the transplanting step, a step of covering soil and compacting is further included; after seedling preparation, the plant spacing is 28-32 cm, and the density is not more than 4500 plants/mu.

Preferably, in the step (3), the field management step comprises:

shallow ploughing and weeding: when the wheat seedlings grow to 12-18 cm, shallow ploughing in the field and weeding;

and (3) pest control: in the middle and last ten days of 5 months, root irrigation is carried out by adopting bacillus thuringiensis and/or methomyl; spraying 4.5% of high-efficiency cypermethrin and/or 5% of chlorantraniliprole on the surface of plant stalks from the bottom of 5 months to the beginning of 6 months;

and (5) medium-term hilling: when the height of the quinoa plant is 80-100 cm, carrying out root hilling;

prevention and treatment of lodging phenomenon in later growth period: in the middle and later growing period of the quinoa, inter-row vertical pile pull ropes are adopted for physical protection;

harvesting: after the quinoa is mature, harvesting in time according to the maturity of seeds to prevent ears from sprouting.

Advantageous effects

1. The strong seedlings are cultivated through the specific seedling culture substrate for the first time, the growing period of the chenopodium quinoa is advanced, the influence of high-temperature weather in coastal regions on the flowering and pollination period of the chenopodium quinoa is avoided, and pollen abortion and abnormal grain development are easily caused by the high-temperature weather in the flowering and pollination period because the chenopodium quinoa is a high-temperature sensitive crop;

2. according to the method, strong seedlings are cultivated, treatment of relevant fertilizers, water and soil in the transplanting process is combined, influences of coastal climate are considered, the seedling rate of the quinoa in the coastal saline-alkali land is remarkably improved by improving cultivation steps and conditions, the phenomena of difficult seedling emergence, seedling shortage and ridge breaking in the saline-alkali land are solved, and the labor of seeds and later-stage thinning is saved.

Drawings

FIG. 1, photograph of the transplanted seedlings obtained by cultivation in example 1;

FIG. 2 is a photograph of the transplanted seedling obtained by the cultivation in comparative example 1;

FIG. 3 is a photograph of the transplanted seedling obtained in example 2;

FIG. 4, photograph of the transplanted seedlings obtained from the cultivation in example 5;

Detailed Description

The technical solutions of the present invention are further described below with reference to the following embodiments and the drawings of the specification, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.

Source of biological material

Chenopodium quinoa precocious variety Huaqing No. 1 purchased from Shanxi Huaqing Chenopodium quinoa product development limited company, Chenopodium quinoa No. 2, HX2 and NKY-S4 purchased from Qinghai province agricultural academy, wherein the maturation cycle of the four kinds of Chenopodium quinoa precocious varieties is 90-110 days.

Microbial fertilizer (NEB), available from rhizomaes, usa, nutrient content: b, boron, Fe, Cu, Mn, Mo and Zn are more than or equal to 100g/L, the core component is arbuscular sporangium, a symbiotic relationship is formed between soil and crops, after the arbuscular sporangium is used as a fungus to inoculate a root system, hyphae extend among cortical cells and are transmitted into cells to form an arbuscular structure, the tail ends of the hyphae expand to form cysts after a period of time, nutrients and water are stored, and the hyphae diffuse outwards to the roots to form a huge root system, so that the root system of the crops can be expanded by 5-60 times, and the absorption area and the absorption capacity are increased. In addition, the hypha metabolic process collects and secretes the generated active acid substances, decomposes and converts various nutrients in the land, converts macromolecules which are difficult to absorb into an ionic state, enables crops to form a good rhizosphere micro-ecological environment, and improves the stress resistance of the crops.

The compound fertilizer is purchased from Jinzheng ecological engineering group, Ltd, and the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 1:1: 1.

Grass carbon, vermiculite, sandy soil, biochar, organic fertilizer and prohexadione calcium are all common conventional commercial products.

Test plot

The experimental site is located on a northward farm (118 degrees 39 '40' E,37 degrees 15 '38' N) in Guangxi county in east China; the region belongs to temperate zone continental monsoon climate, the annual average precipitation is 543.3mm, the annual illumination time is 2440.3h, and the annual average temperature is 12.2 ℃.

Example 1

(1) sowing seeds of 'Huaqing No. 1 chenopodium quinoa' into a seedling substrate, wherein the sowing depth is 1cm, thoroughly watering the seedling substrate in a surface water spraying manner, wherein the cultivation temperature before seedling emergence is 25 ℃, the humidity is 60%, and surface water spraying is carried out every other day; the cultivation temperature after seedling emergence is 23 ℃, the humidity is 60%, watering is carried out once every three days, and the seedling is cultivated for 30 days to 6-leaf stage, so as to obtain transplanted seedlings;

15 parts of turf, 15 parts of vermiculite, 30 parts of sandy soil, 15 parts of biochar, 20 parts of organic fertilizer and 2 parts of prohexadione calcium;

(2) performing flood irrigation on coastal saline-alkali land plots to be cultivated within 25 days of 3 months, and applying 40kg of compound fertilizer and 150kg of bio-organic fertilizer per mu within 8 days of 4 months; broadcasting phoxim granules according to 4.5 kilograms per mu, carrying out rotary tillage deep ploughing by adopting a rotary cultivator, wherein the rotary tillage depth is 25 centimeters, leveling and harrowing are fine, then carrying out ditching planting, the row spacing is 50cm, and the ditching depth is 20 cm; opening the shed for ventilation and hardening seedlings in 10 days after 4 months; after 4 months and 15 days, transplanting the transplanted seedlings in the step (1) and the seedling culture substrate into furrows with the depth of 20cm, covering soil and compacting, and watering thoroughly, wherein the row spacing of the whole seedlings is 30cm, the density is not more than 4500 plants/mu;

(3) performing normal field management, comprising:

shallow ploughing and weeding: when the wheat seedlings grow to 15cm, shallow ploughing in the field and weeding;

and (3) pest control: in the middle and last ten days of 5 months, root irrigation is carried out by adopting bacillus thuringiensis and/or methomyl; spraying 4.5% of high-efficiency cypermethrin and/or 5% of chlorantraniliprole on the surface of plant stalks from the bottom of 5 months to the beginning of 6 months; in the middle and last ten days of 5 months, the soil insects are in an important damage period and mainly comprise black cutworms, mole crickets, grubs and wireworms; the main harmful pests from 5 months to 6 months are weevils with the cone beaks of the beets;

and (5) medium-term hilling: when the height of the quinoa plant is 80-100 cm, carrying out root hilling; the step can promote the growth of root systems and prevent and control plant lodging;

prevention and treatment of lodging phenomenon in later growth period: in the middle and later growing period of the quinoa, inter-row vertical pile pull ropes are adopted for physical protection; the wheat stalks of the quinoa are low in degree of cork, the tops of the stalks in the middle and later stages of growth are large in flower ears, and the stalks are prone to lodging in case of strong wind and rainstorm, so that lodging damage can be reduced;

harvesting: harvesting the quinoa in time according to the maturity of seeds after the quinoa is mature, and preventing ears from sprouting; the mode is mainly used for preventing the kernel ears from sprouting and mildewing under high-humidity conditions and continuous rainfall.

Statistics shows that the seedling rate can reach more than 94% after 10 days of transplantation, the harvesting period is 7 months and 5 days, and the yield per mu is 140 kg.

Example 2

(1) taking quinoa No. 2 quinoa seeds, sowing the seeds into a seedling raising substrate, wherein the sowing depth of the sowing is 1.5cm, then thoroughly watering the seedling raising substrate in a surface water spraying manner, the cultivation temperature before seedling emergence is 26 ℃, the humidity is 65%, and surface water spraying is carried out every other day; the cultivation temperature after seedling emergence is 25 ℃, the humidity is 55%, watering is carried out once every three days, and the seedling is cultivated to the 6-leaf stage, so as to obtain the transplanted seedling;

12 parts of grass carbon, 18 parts of vermiculite, 25 parts of sandy soil, 18 parts of biochar, 15 parts of organic fertilizer and 2.5 parts of prohexadione calcium;

(2) performing flood irrigation on coastal saline-alkali land plots to be cultivated within 3 months and 20 days, and applying 45kg of compound fertilizer and 140kg of bio-organic fertilizer per mu within 4 months and 5 days; broadcasting phoxim granules according to 4.5 kilograms per mu, carrying out rotary tillage deep ploughing by adopting a rotary cultivator, wherein the rotary tillage depth is 30 centimeters, leveling and harrowing are fine, then carrying out ditching planting, the row spacing is 45cm, and the ditching depth is 22 cm; opening a shed for ventilation and hardening seedlings 5 days before transplanting; transplanting the transplanted seedlings in the step (1) and a seedling culture substrate into furrows with the furrow depth of 22cm during days 4 and 12-4 and 17, covering soil and compacting, enabling the row spacing to be 32cm and the density to be not more than 4500 plants/mu and watering thoroughly;

(3) performing normal field management, comprising:

shallow ploughing and weeding: when the wheat seedlings grow to 12cm, shallow ploughing in the field and weeding;

Statistics shows that the seedling rate can reach over 93 percent after 10 days of transplantation, the harvesting time is 7 months and 5 days, and the yield per mu is 135 kilograms.

Example 3

(1) sowing HX2 chenopodium quinoa seeds into a seedling culture substrate, wherein the sowing depth of the sowing is 1.2cm, then thoroughly watering the seedling culture substrate in a surface water spraying manner, wherein the cultivation temperature before seedling emergence is 24 ℃, the humidity is 62%, and surface water spraying is carried out every other day; the cultivation temperature after seedling emergence is 22 ℃ and the humidity is 57%, watering is carried out once every three days, and the seedling is cultivated to the 6-leaf stage to obtain the transplanted seedling;

18 parts of grass carbon, 12 parts of vermiculite, 35 parts of sandy soil, 12 parts of biochar, 25 parts of organic fertilizer and 1.5 parts of prohexadione calcium;

(2) performing flood irrigation on coastal saline-alkali land plots to be cultivated within 30 days of 3 months, and then applying 35kg of compound fertilizer and 160kg of bio-organic fertilizer per mu within 10 days of 4 months; broadcasting phoxim granules according to 4.5 kilograms per mu, carrying out rotary tillage deep ploughing by adopting a rotary cultivator, wherein the rotary tillage depth is 25 centimeters, leveling and harrowing are fine, then carrying out ditching planting, the row spacing is 55cm, and the ditching depth is 22 cm; opening a shed for ventilation and hardening seedlings 5 days before transplanting; after 4 months and 17 days, transplanting the transplanted seedlings in the step (1) and the seedling culture substrate into furrows with 22cm of furrow depth, covering soil and compacting, and watering thoroughly, wherein the row spacing of the whole seedlings is 28cm, the density is not more than 4500 plants/mu;

(3) performing normal field management, comprising:

shallow ploughing and weeding: when the wheat seedlings grow to 18cm, shallow ploughing in the field and weeding;

Statistics shows that the seedling rate can reach more than 94% after 10 days of transplanting, the harvesting time is 7 months and 5 days, and the yield per mu is 140 kg.

Example 4

The quinoa seedling and transplanting planting method suitable for the coastal saline-alkali land is as described in example 1, and is characterized in that a NKY-S4 quinoa seed is adopted.

Statistics shows that the seedling rate can reach over 93 percent after 10 days of transplantation, the harvesting time is 7 months and 5 days, and the yield per mu is 130 kg.

Example 5

The quinoa seedling raising and transplanting planting method suitable for the coastal saline-alkali soil as in example 2 is characterized in that the seedling raising matrix comprises the following components in parts by mass:

12 parts of grass carbon, 18 parts of vermiculite, 25 parts of sandy soil, 18 parts of biochar, 15 parts of organic fertilizer, 2.5 parts of prohexadione calcium and 0.4 part of microbial fertilizer;

the microbial fertilizer is sprayed on the seedling culture substrate by a sprayer until the substrate is completely wet, and 2000 g of water is added to each 1 g of the microbial fertilizer.

Statistics shows that the seedling rate can reach over 98% after 10 days of transplantation, the harvesting time is 7 months and 5 days, and the yield per mu is 155 kg.

Comparative example 1

The quinoa seedling raising and transplanting planting method as in example 1 is different in that the seedling raising substrate comprises the following components,

40 parts of turf, 40 parts of vermiculite and 20 parts of organic fertilizer by mass.

Statistics shows that the seedling rate can reach more than 81% after 10 days of transplantation, the harvesting time is 7 months and 5 days, and the yield per mu is 115 kilograms.

Comparative example 2

The quinoa seedling raising, transplanting and planting method as in example 1, except that another non-quinoa early-maturing variety quinoa No. 1 is adopted.

Statistics shows that the seedling rate can reach over 95 percent after 10 days of transplantation, the harvesting time is 7 months and 25 days, and the yield per mu is 45 kg.

Comparative example 3

The quinoa seedling raising and transplanting planting method as in example 1, except that the termination time of the transplanted seedling is delayed by 10 days.

Statistics shows that the harvesting time is 7 months and 15 days, and the yield per mu is 115 kilograms.

Examples of the experiments

Statistics are respectively carried out on the plant height, stem thickness, single plant leaf number, maximum leaf length, maximum leaf width, fresh plant weight and seedling survival rate of the transplanted seedlings of the example 1, the example 2, the example 5 and the comparative examples 1-2; the results are shown in tables 1 to 3 and FIGS. 1 to 4.

TABLE 1 comparison of growth and development conditions of seedlings in comparative example 1 and example 1

As can be seen from the results in Table 1, the growth and development conditions of the seedlings are obviously inferior to those of the example 1 in the comparative example 1 and the fresh weight average of the seedlings, the stem thickness of the plants, the number of leaves of each plant, the size of the leaves and the fresh weight average of the plants are obviously inferior to those of the example 1; as can be seen from the results of the transplanting seedling rate and the yield of the comparative example 1 and the example 1, the transplanting seedling rate and the yield of the comparative example 1 are obviously lower than those of the example 1, so that compared with the comparative example 1, due to the innovation of the matrix formula, the strong seedlings are cultured, the stress resistance of the seedlings is enhanced, the adaptability of the seedlings to saline-alkali soil is enhanced, the growth period is advanced, the influence of high temperature on quinoa pollination and grain development is avoided, and the quinoa yield is promoted to be formed.

TABLE 2 comparison of growth and development conditions of seedlings in comparative example 2 and example 1

From the table 2 and the results of yield data, it can be seen that, in the comparative example 2 and the example 1, under the condition that the seedling culture substrates are the same, the difference of seedling development conditions among different quinoa varieties is not large, the transplanting survival rate is not obviously different, but the yield results are obviously different, which indicates that the technical content of the invention is only applicable to the quinoa early-maturing variety, and the improvement of the adaptability of quinoa to the saline-alkali soil of yellow river delta by the seedling culture and transplanting mode of the special substrate is an effective and feasible mode.

TABLE 3 comparison of the growth and development conditions of seedlings in example 2 and example 5

As can be seen from Table 3, in example 2 and example 3, compared with each other, the survival rate of the seedling is not obviously different, the chenopodium quinoa seedling has higher survival rate under the two substrate conditions, but from the growing and developing conditions of the seedling, the chenopodium quinoa seedling under the condition of example 5 is shown to be thick in stem and large in leaf, the fresh weight of the plant is obviously higher than that of example 2, which indicates that example 5 is more favorable for culturing strong seedlings; as can be seen from the results of the transplanting survival rate and the yield, the transplanting survival rate and the yield of the chenopodium quinoa linn in the saline-alkali soil can be further improved in the example 5, which shows that the microbial fertilizer added in the example 5 can enhance the adaptability of the transplanted chenopodium quinoa linn seedling to the saline-alkali soil, and further improve the yield.

Claims

1. A quinoa seedling raising, transplanting and planting method suitable for coastal saline-alkali soil is characterized by comprising the following steps:

the cultivation temperature before emergence of seedlings is 24-26 ℃, the humidity is 60-65%, and surface water spraying is carried out every other day; the cultivation temperature after seedling emergence is 22-25 ℃, the humidity is 55-60%, and watering is carried out once every three days; 5 days before transplanting, the method also comprises the steps of opening a shed for ventilation and exercising seedlings day and night;

the quinoa seeds are seeds of quinoa early-maturing varieties with short growth period;

(3) and (5) carrying out normal field management.

2. The quinoa seedling-raising transplanting planting method of claim 1, wherein the quinoa precocious variety is Huaqing No. 1, Qingchen No. 2, HX2, NKY-S4.

3. The quinoa seedling raising and transplanting planting method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the sowing depth of sowing is 1-1.5 cm, and after sowing, the seedling raising substrate is thoroughly watered in a manner of spraying water on the surface.

4. The quinoa seedling raising and transplanting planting method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the seedling raising substrate further comprises 0.35-0.4 parts of microbial fertilizer.

5. The quinoa seedling raising and transplanting planting method according to claim 4, wherein in the step (1), the seedling raising substrate further comprises 0.4 part of microbial fertilizer.

6. The quinoa seedling transplanting planting method according to claim 5, wherein the microbial fertilizer is purchased from Gentianocene America.

7. The quinoa seedling raising and transplanting planting method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the seedling raising substrate comprises the following components in parts by mass:

8. The quinoa seedling raising and transplanting planting method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the compound fertilizer is 1:1: 1.

9. The quinoa seedling raising and transplanting planting method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the step of applying fertilizer further comprises a step of applying an insect-resistant drug, and the specific steps are as follows:

10. The raising seedling and transplanting planting method for quinoa according to claim 9, wherein the pesticide is phoxim granules and is applied in an amount of 4.5 kg/mu.

11. The quinoa seedling raising and transplanting planting method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), after the transplanting step, a step of covering soil and compacting is further included; after seedling preparation, the plant spacing is 28-32 cm, and the density is not more than 4500 plants/mu.

12. The quinoa seedling raising and transplanting planting method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the field management step comprises: