CN101999292B - Method for culturing greenhouse onion - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for culturing greenhouse onion, which is characterized by comprising the steps of: seed selection, ridging and bed building, sowing, seedling management, onion planting, growth period management and harvesting to realize culture of anti-season greenhouse onion. The method for culturing the anti-season onion with large fruits cultured in a medium bow shed in winter and sold in late march on the market fills the market blank; and early spring melons and vegetables are inter-planted at the same time, so the export output is increased.

Description

The cultivation method of a kind of booth onion

Technical field

The present invention relates to the cultivation method of a kind of booth onion.

Background technology

China onion produced from annual April-October, the ripe successively listing from south orientation north, after October by freezer stock onion supply the market, the only long rice shoot of booth onion balling not in the meantime again, therefore annual market supply dull season is March-early April, it also is the highest period of product price, so people press for the method for cultivation anti-season onion.

Summary of the invention

The objective of the invention is provides a kind of big or middle bow canopy of melon dish that utilizes to people, and the anti-season onion of idle plantation in winter mid or late March listing is filled a hole in the market, the melon in early spring of intercropping simultaneously dish, the cultivation method of the booth onion of the output of increasing export.

The cultivation method of a kind of booth onion of the present invention is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:

A, seed selection: select middle short-day for use, super extremely early mature class onion kind;

B, do furrow and build bed: select physical features high and dry, irrigation and drainage are convenient, and do not plant the green onion class plot that the soil is porous and do the ground of growing seedlings in 3-5, use sufficient base manure again, rake carefully, flatten, do the furrow having peace of mind, until furrow face light, flat seedbed;

C, sowing:

(1) seeding quantity: the seeding quantity in 1 square metre of seedbed is the 2.3-2.5 gram, and transplanting one mu of land for growing field crops sowing quantity is the 100-150 gram;

(2) sowing time: be annual being advisable in the past to September 5 by the end of August sowing date;

(3) type of seeding: adopting earlier with concentration is that 50% carbendazim 5 grams add 100-150 and restrain onion seeds and rub with the hands repeatedly and mix, adding sieve fine earth or fine sand 2500 grams then fully mixes, spread mixed seed even again, fine earth covers the back and covers with the nutrition soil that sieves, and spreads poison bait control soil insect on the seedbed, and the bow epiphragma is taken in rainy sky, cover straw screen or mat or sunshade net above, weather is fine, directly covers straw screen or mat or sunshade net, opens the drain ditch of the anti-dead seedling of ponding around the seedbed;

D, seedling management:

(1) seeding stage management: emerged in after planting 7-10 days, and emerged and throw off film after 30%, keep straw screen or mat or sunshade net, remove covering behind the neat seedling;

(2) fertilising: 10-15 days is the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 0.2%-0.4% to seedling foliage spray concentration before the field planting, behind the two leaf stage, the seedbed dashed with water execute urea, potassium sulphate, lifting carries out foliage spray, Pesticidal and sterilizing with concentration 1% urea, 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate adding Pu Like, Avermectin the previous day;

(3) seedbed is irrigated: after throwing off the seedbed covering, bed surface table soil drying layer reaches 0.5cm when above, and water the first time, emerged 30 days in, watered the water of once having a ride on a horse in every 7-8 days, soil table is dried slightly both to be watered, 10 days mid-terms once, alternation of wetting and drying, water even irrigating, transplant suitable control of first half of the month water, keep draining unimpeded;

(4) weeding, the extermination of disease and insect pest: the weeds that the seedbed occurs, cut off with blade before tri-leaf period, behind the neat seedling of seedling, be 72.2% Propamocarb aqua and Avermectin mixed liquor in 800: 1 ratio spray concentrations;

E, onion field planting:

(1) site preparation and fertilization: the whole ground of fertilising before transplanting, amplify water and irrigate back spraying herbicide, clear, the Hui Er of dish grass, it is mulching specially used to cover onion again;

(2) seedling classification

Select height of seedling 18-22 centimetre for use, the thick 0.5-0.6 of false stem centimetre, the heavy 4-6 gram of single seedling, seedling age 50-60 days, the leaf look dark green, and the fine seedling that reaches of root before the field planting is cut short fibrous root to 1.5-2 centimetre, and is again that the seedling size classification is third-class, and classification is transplanted;

(3) field planting: the punching field planting, every Kong Yimiao, seeding row spacing are 15 * 15cm, bulldoze by real, prevent that hollow from hanging seedling;

F, breeding period administration:

(1) the preceding management of surviving the winter: look into seedling, fill the gaps with seedlings, prop up the lodging seedling, the blinding seedling-protection is planted the back and was watered seedling recovering water one time in 5-7 days, and soil waters the water of surviving the winter when just freezing;

(2) take the bow epiphragma: ℃ frost arrived preceding 3-5 days for the first time-5, took the bow epiphragma;

(3) speed is given birth to period management: day temperature is 15-20 ℃ in the control booth, and fine day leaks informaton, and be natural temperature night, and control is watered;

(4) prosperous long-period of management: strict control temperature, daytime is below 25 ℃, once topdresses in every 7-10 days to water;

(5) bulb expanding stage management: from bulb expand 2 centimetres begin till the plant lodging is arranged, should keep the land for building not do, watered once in every 7-10 days, execute 15 kilograms in urea for every mu, 15 kilograms of potassium sulphates, temperature is controlled to be 20-25 ℃ of daytime, 5-10 ℃ of night, during this can between cover melon dish;

(6) control of damage by disease and insect: 1. cultural control: select disease resistance, adaptable improved seeds for use, carry out crop rotation more than 3 years, duty is cut weeds, the results back is the cleaning rural area in time, cultivates strong sprout, rational ventilation, enrich the fertilizer that fully becomes thoroughly decomposed, improve the plant resistance, adopt plastic mulching; 2. physical control: take the water seed soaking sterilization before the sowing; 3. biological control: in onion fly adult and larva emergence period, with the spraying of matrine pulvis or the filling root of concentration 1.1%; 4. chemical control: 1000～1500 times of liquid of phoxim emulsifiable concentrate of using concentration 50% before the field planting, or 1000 times of liquid of 90% crystal chlorophos, or 5000 times of liquid of the abamectin emulsifiable concentrate of concentration 1.8%, soaked shoot root portion 2 minutes, the adult morbidity is the Sheng phase just, use above-mentioned reagent spray, spray in per 7 days 1 time, continuous 2～3 times, the larva initial stage of origination, irritate root with above-mentioned medicament, taper to 60% when spraying but add the water multiple; Purple spot, downy mildew, gray mold their early stage, adopt 1500 times of liquid of iprodione wettable powder of concentration 50%, 600 times of liquid of mancozeb wettable powder of concentration 50%, 600 times of liquid of MnZn frost urea wetting powder of concentration 72% alternately to spray, spray in every 7-10 days 1 time, continuous 2 times; To onion fly, onion thrips, green onion liriomyza bryoniae, at the worm occurrence in peak period, 2000～2500 times of liquid of the imidacloprid wettable powder of spray concentration 10%, spray in per 7～10 days 1 time, continuous 2～3 times;

G, results: when the false stem of the plant more than 2/3 soft, the overground part lodging, the bottom has 1～2 leaf withered and yellow, the 3rd～4 leaf still is with green, results when the bulb outer scale becomes dry.

Effect of the present invention

The present invention utilizes the big or middle bow canopy of melon dish, and the anti-season onion of idle plantation in winter mid or late March listing is filled a hole in the market, the melon in early spring of intercropping simultaneously dish, the output of increasing export.

Embodiment

Embodiment 1:

A, seed selection: select middle short-day for use, precious No. one of super extremely early mature class onion kind spring;

B, do furrow and build bed: select physical features high and dry, irrigation and drainage are convenient, and in 3-5, do not plant the green onion class plot that the soil is porous and did the ground of growing seedlings, grow seedlings fully 0.1 mu in field, every mu of land for growing field crops, use sufficient base manure again, execute fertilizer 3000-5000 kilogram, diammonium phosphate 20-30 kilogram, pcnb 250 grams that become thoroughly decomposed in conjunction with ploughing deeply every mu of seedbed, and, mix after mixing thoroughly in farmyard manure with the control soil insect with 6 kilograms of 50 milliliters of plus wheat brans of 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate.Make the clay fertilizer mixing then, harrow carefully, flatten, do the furrow having peace of mind, amplify water and irrigate.The fine earth levelling use in the heavy real back of furrow face, and it is in fact heavy to rewater, until furrow face light, flat seedbed;

C, sowing:

(1) seeding quantity: the seeding quantity in 1 square metre of seedbed is the 2.3-2.5 gram, and transplanting one mu of land for growing field crops sowing quantity is the 100-150 gram;

(2) sowing time: same kind date of seeding bolting rate 5-10% is best seedtime with last year, the extremely early mature onion, thus be annual being advisable in the past to September 5 by the end of August sowing date;

(3) type of seeding: adopting earlier concentration is that 50% carbendazim 5 grams add 100-150 gram onion seeds and rub with the hands repeatedly and mix, adding sieve fine earth or fine sand 2500 grams then fully mixes, again mixed seed is divided into 5 parts, divide and spread even 5 times, broadcast the back and will plant subcovering with dusting cover sieve one deck soil, cover with the nutrition soil that sieves, thickness is about 1cm again, spreads poison bait control soil insect on the seedbed.Rainy weather is taken the bow epiphragma, and the four sides compacting covers with straw screen or mat or sunshade net above; Weather is fine, directly covers straw screen or mat or sunshade net.The ditch that begins to rehearse around the seedbed is in case the dead seedling of ponding;

D, seedling management:

(1) seeding stage management: onion after planting emerged in 7-10 days, noted keeping ground moistening and prevented that heavy rain from washing away or the roasting seedling of high temperature, emerged 30% to throw off film, kept straw screen or mat or sunshade net, removed covering behind the neat seedling;

(2) fertilising: 10-15 days is the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 0.2%-0.4% to seedling foliage spray concentration before the field planting, can improve the root of hair ability after the onion field planting, behind the two leaf stage, every mu of seedbed imposes 10 kilograms of urea, 5 kilograms of potassium sulphates, towards executing, lifting carries out foliage spray, Pesticidal and sterilizing with concentration 1% urea, 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate adding Pu Like, Avermectin the previous day with water;

(3) seedbed is irrigated: after throwing off the seedbed covering, it is late suitable to water for the first time, avoids seedbed humidity to cause down seedling too greatly.Bed surface table soil drying layer reaches 0.5cm when above, and water the first time.Later little water duty is watered, and emerges 30 days in, waters the water of once having a ride on a horse in every 7-8 days, and the soil table is dried slightly both to be watered, and 10 days mid-terms, once alternation of wetting and drying watered even irrigating, and suitable control water promotes the seedlings root growth when transplanting first half of the month.To prevent heavy rain filling bed simultaneously, keep draining unimpeded;

(4) weeding, the extermination of disease and insect pest: the weeds that the seedbed occurs, cut off with blade before tri-leaf period, behind the neat seedling of seedling, be 72.2% Propamocarb aqua and Avermectin mixed liquor in 800: 1 ratio spray concentrations, be the key that prevents the seedbed damage by disease and insect;

E, onion field planting:

(1) site preparation and fertilization: the whole ground that begins to apply fertilizer when transplanting about previous week, generally execute high-quality farmyard manure 2 side/mus, 100 kilograms of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium, the thin rake of shallow plowing, the leveling land for growing field crops is according to booth width 4-6 rice, play the ridge all around, amplify water and irrigate, be advisable for ground headwater depth 5-10 centimetre.Watered back about 5 days, the ground man-hour of stopping, spraying herbicide or dish grass clear 200ml, Hui Er 10ml cover the mulching specially used soil moisture conservation of onion then, heat.

(2) seedling classification

Select height of seedling 18-22 centimetre for use, the thick 0.5-0.6 of false stem centimetre, the heavy 4-6 gram of single seedling, seedling age 50-60 days, the leaf look dark green, and the fine seedling that reaches of root before the field planting is cut short fibrous root to 1.5-2 centimetre, be beneficial to insert the seedling field planting, again that the seedling size classification is third-class, classification is transplanted;

(3) field planting :-30 days on the 25th October beginning transplant planting, with point digger every Kong Yimiao that punches, seeding row spacing is 15 * 15cm, mu is planted about 2.8-3 ten thousand strains, plants the back and bulldozes by reality with thumb, prevents that hollow from hanging seedling;

F, breeding period administration:

(1) the preceding management of surviving the winter: look into seedling, fill the gaps with seedlings, prop up the lodging seedling, the blinding seedling-protection is planted the back and was watered seedling recovering water one time in 5-7 days, (freezes white disappearing evening) when soil just freezes and waters the water of surviving the winter;

(2) take the bow epiphragma: before for the first time-5 ℃ of frosts arrive 3-5 days, take the bow epiphragma, canopy is wide more than 4 meters, increases column in the middle of the furrow, with the steel wire tension, increases the anti-snow ability of wind resistance, tightens two sides reservation ventilating opening with film-pressing line every 1 meter;

(3) speed is given birth to period management: behind the onion button canopy, the last ten-days period in early December to January, growth was accelerated, and did not obviously survive the winter the phase, this period management mainly is temperature, diseases prevention, snow defence, and day temperature is 15-20 ℃ in the control booth, and fine day leaks informaton, be natural temperature night, and control is watered;

(4) prosperous long-period of management: the last ten-days period in January, onion entered prosperous long-term, especially after the beginning of spring to late Febuary, the temperature rises in the canopy, growth is accelerated, and strict control temperature does not surpass 25 ℃ daytime, prevents blade excessive growth, bending, the big fertilizer of big flood, once topdressed in every 7-10 days and water, the 10 kilograms of urea of fertilising that at every turn water, the 5 kilograms of strict control of potassium sulphate temperature, daytime is below 25 ℃, once topdresses in every 7-10 days to water;

(5) bulb expanding stage management: late Febuary is to late March, from bulb expand 2 centimetres begin till plant lodging arranged, generally should keep the land for building not do, watered once according to soil moisture content in every 7-10 days, in conjunction with watering, execute 15 kilograms in urea for every mu, 15 kilograms of potassium sulphates, cover melon dish between March 1, water a water of living, the fertilising that stops to water after March 20, the temperature treatment of this phase requires 20-25 ℃ of daytime, 5-10 ℃ of night, particularly enter after March,, also should strictly control temperature of shed along with the rise gradually of temperature, the highlyest should not cross 25 ℃, in order to avoid influence expanding of bulb;

(6) control of damage by disease and insect: 1. cultural control: select disease resistance, adaptable improved seeds for use, carry out crop rotation more than 3 years, duty is cut weeds, the results back is the cleaning rural area in time, cultivates strong sprout, rational ventilation, enrich the fertilizer that fully becomes thoroughly decomposed, improve the plant resistance, adopt plastic mulching; 2. physical control: take the water seed soaking sterilization before the sowing, protection ground grow seedlings and with protecting cultivation employing backboard trap and kill thrips; 3. biological control: utilize the medicament strong during the applied chemistry control to the insect selectivity, minimizing is to the lethal effect of ladybug, minute pirate bugs, Ji stinkbug, 6 natural enemies such as thrips, parasitic wasp and spider of tower, in onion fly adult and larva emergence period, with the spraying of matrine pulvis or the filling root of concentration 1.1%; 4. chemical control: 1000～1500 times of liquid of phoxim emulsifiable concentrate of using concentration 50% before the field planting, or 1000 times of liquid of 90% crystal chlorophos, or 5000 times of liquid of the abamectin emulsifiable concentrate of concentration 1.8%, soaked shoot root portion 2 minutes, the adult morbidity is the Sheng phase just, use above-mentioned reagent spray, spray in per 7 days 1 time, continuous 2～3 times, the larva initial stage of origination, irritate root with above-mentioned medicament, taper to 60% when spraying but add the water multiple; Purple spot, downy mildew, gray mold their early stage, adopt 1500 times of liquid of iprodione wettable powder of concentration 50%, 600 times of liquid of mancozeb wettable powder of concentration 50%, 600 times of liquid of MnZn frost urea wetting powder of concentration 72% alternately to spray, spray in every 7-10 days 1 time, continuous 2 times; To onion fly, onion thrips, green onion liriomyza bryoniae, at the worm occurrence in peak period, 2000～2500 times of liquid of the imidacloprid wettable powder of spray concentration 10%, spray in per 7～10 days 1 time, continuous 2～3 times; G, results: when the false stem of the plant more than 2/3 soft, the overground part lodging, the bottom has 1～2 leaf withered and yellow, the 3rd～4 leaf still is with green, results when the bulb outer scale becomes dry; The fine results of choosing will avoid damaging onion in the results; Uproop during results, whole strain was placed on the airing of cultivating bed original place 2～3 days, treated onion epidermis drying, wiped out the false stem of onion when cauline leaf is soft, classification pack, the sale of weighing.

Claims (1)

1. the cultivation method of a booth onion is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:

A, seed selection: select middle short-day for use, super extremely early mature class onion kind;

B, do furrow and build bed: select physical features high and dry, irrigation and drainage are convenient, and do not plant the green onion class plot that the soil is porous and do the ground of growing seedlings in 3-5, use sufficient base manure again, rake carefully, flatten, do the furrow having peace of mind, until furrow face light, flat seedbed;

C, sowing:

(1) seeding quantity: the seeding quantity in 1 square metre of seedbed is the 2.3-2.5 gram, and transplanting one mu of land for growing field crops sowing quantity is the 100-150 gram;

(2) sowing time: be annual by the end of August to September 5 sowing date;

(3) type of seeding: adopting earlier concentration is that 50% carbendazim 5 grams add 100-150 gram onion seeds and rub with the hands repeatedly and mix, adding sieve fine earth or fine sand 2500 grams then fully mixes, spread mixed seed even again, fine earth covers the back and covers with the nutrition soil that sieves, and spreads poison bait control soil insect on the seedbed, and the bow epiphragma is taken in rainy sky, cover straw screen or mat or sunshade net above, weather is fine, directly covers straw screen or mat or sunshade net, opens the drain ditch of the anti-dead seedling of ponding around the seedbed;

D, seedling management:

(1) seeding stage management: emerged in after planting 7-10 days, and emerged and throw off film after 30%, keep straw screen or mat or sunshade net, remove covering behind the neat seedling;

(2) fertilising: 10-15 days is the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 0.2%-0.4% to seedling foliage spray concentration before the field planting, behind the two leaf stage, the seedbed dashed with water execute urea, potassium sulphate, lifting carries out foliage spray, Pesticidal and sterilizing with concentration 1% urea, 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate adding Pu Like, Avermectin the previous day;

(3) seedbed is irrigated: after throwing off the seedbed covering, bed surface table soil drying layer reaches 0.5cm when above, and water the first time, emerged 30 days in, watered the water of once having a ride on a horse in every 7-8 days, soil table is dried slightly both to be watered, 10 days mid-terms once, alternation of wetting and drying, water even irrigating, transplant suitable control of first half of the month water, keep draining unimpeded;

(4) weeding, the extermination of disease and insect pest: the weeds that the seedbed occurs, cut off with blade before tri-leaf period, behind the neat seedling of seedling, be 72.2% Propamocarb aqua and Avermectin mixed liquor in 800: 1 ratio spray concentrations;

E, onion field planting:

(1) site preparation and fertilization: the whole ground of fertilising before transplanting, amplify water and irrigate the back spraying herbicide, it is mulching specially used to cover onion again;

(2) seedling classification

Select height of seedling 18-22 centimetre for use, thick 0.5 1 0.6 centimetres of false stem, the heavy 4-6 gram of single seedling, seedling age 50-60 days, the leaf look dark green, and the fine seedling that reaches of root before the field planting is cut short fibrous root to 1.5-2 centimetre, and is again that the seedling size classification is third-class, and classification is transplanted;

(3) field planting: the punching field planting, every Kong Yimiao, seeding row spacing are 15 * 15cm, bulldoze by real, prevent that hollow from hanging seedling;

F, breeding period administration:

(1) the preceding management of surviving the winter: look into seedling, fill the gaps with seedlings, prop up the lodging seedling, the blinding seedling-protection is planted the back and was watered seedling recovering water one time in 5-7 days, and soil waters the water of surviving the winter when just freezing;

(2) take the bow epiphragma: ℃ frost arrived preceding 3-5 days for the first time-5, took the bow epiphragma;

(3) speed is given birth to period management: day temperature is 15-20 ℃ in the control booth, and fine day leaks informaton, and be natural temperature night, and control is watered;

(4) prosperous long-period of management: strict control temperature, daytime is below 25 ℃, once topdresses in every 7-10 days to water;

(5) bulb expanding stage management: from bulb expand 2 centimetres begin till the plant lodging is arranged, should keep the land for building not do, watered once in every 7-10 days, execute 15 kilograms in urea for every mu, 15 kilograms of potassium sulphates, temperature is controlled to be 20-25 ℃ of daytime, 5-10 ℃ of night, during this can between cover melon dish;

(6) control of damage by disease and insect: 1. cultural control: select disease resistance, adaptable improved seeds for use, carry out crop rotation more than 3 years, duty is cut weeds, the results back is the cleaning rural area in time, cultivates strong sprout, rational ventilation, enrich the fertilizer that fully becomes thoroughly decomposed, improve the plant resistance, adopt plastic mulching; 2. physical control: take the water seed soaking sterilization before the sowing; 3. biological control: in onion fly adult and larva emergence period, with the spraying of matrine pulvis or the filling root of concentration 1.1%; 4. chemical control: 1000～1500 times of liquid of phoxim emulsifiable concentrate of using concentration 50% before the field planting, or 1000 times of liquid of 90% crystal chlorophos, or 5000 times of liquid of the abamectin emulsifiable concentrate of concentration 1.8%, soaked shoot root portion 2 minutes, the adult morbidity is the Sheng phase just, use above-mentioned reagent spray, spray in per 7 days 1 time, continuous 2～3 times, the larva initial stage of origination, irritate root with above-mentioned medicament, taper to 60% when spraying but add the water multiple; Purple spot, downy mildew, gray mold their early stage, adopt 1500 times of liquid of iprodione wettable powder of concentration 50%, 600 times of liquid of mancozeb wettable powder of concentration 50%, 600 times of liquid of MnZn frost urea wetting powder of concentration 72% alternately to spray, spray in every 7-10 days 1 time, continuous 2 times; To onion fly, onion thrips, green onion liriomyza bryoniae, at the worm occurrence in peak period, 2000～2500 times of liquid of the imidacloprid wettable powder of spray concentration 10%, spray in per 7～10 days 1 time, continuous 2～3 times;

G, results: when the false stem of the plant more than 2/3 soft, the overground part lodging, the bottom has 1～2 leaf withered and yellow, the 3rd～4 leaf still is with green, results when the bulb outer scale becomes dry.