CN112841016B - Solar greenhouse pepper substrate groove culture method for Gobi desert area of river corridor - Google Patents
Solar greenhouse pepper substrate groove culture method for Gobi desert area of river corridor Download PDFInfo
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- CN112841016B CN112841016B CN202110167287.7A CN202110167287A CN112841016B CN 112841016 B CN112841016 B CN 112841016B CN 202110167287 A CN202110167287 A CN 202110167287A CN 112841016 B CN112841016 B CN 112841016B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- A01G31/02—Special apparatus therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/20—Combustible or heat-generating compositions
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N57/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds
- A01N57/10—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds having phosphorus-to-oxygen bonds or phosphorus-to-sulfur bonds
- A01N57/12—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds having phosphorus-to-oxygen bonds or phosphorus-to-sulfur bonds containing acyclic or cycloaliphatic radicals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
- A01N59/02—Sulfur; Selenium; Tellurium; Compounds thereof
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention provides a solar greenhouse pepper substrate groove cultivation method in a Gobi desert area in a Hexi corridor, which comprises the steps of cultivation groove manufacturing, cultivation substrate preparation, rotation arrangement, variety selection, seedling raising, disinfection, field planting, field management, pest control and harvesting, wherein the field management comprises the steps of moisture management and nutrient management, and the moisture management specifically comprises the following steps: in the seedling stage, the initial flowering stage, the initial fruit stage and the full fruit stage of the capsicum, the mass water content of the matrix is respectively kept at 70% -80%, 50% -60%, 60% -70% and 70% -80% of the saturated water content of the matrix. The method for cultivating the peppers in the solar greenhouse in the Gobi desert area in the river and western corridor can promote plant growth, improve yield and fruit quality, effectively prevent and treat fruit umbilical rot, improve water and fertilizer utilization efficiency and save water resources.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural production, and particularly relates to a solar greenhouse pepper substrate groove culture method in a Gobi desert area of a river corridor.
Background
Gobi agriculture is a crystal of collective wisdom of vast scientific workers and basic-level technicians in Gansu provinces, and is a revolutionary innovation of agricultural production modes. Gansu is one of the main large deserts and sandy lands in China, the area is up to 2.9 hundred million mu, and the Gansu accounts for 42% of the total land area in the whole province, and is mainly concentrated in the Hexi corridor area, so that the Gansu has land resources for developing the wide agricultural land in Gobi. In recent years, the Gobi agriculture has developed rapidly, and the planting area and area are continuously enlarged, and the Gobi agriculture area in the whole province reaches 2.3 ten thousand mu by the year 2020. Currently, gobi greenhouse vegetables have been developed as one of the major prop industries in the western and river corridor area.
The capsicum is a main solanaceous vegetable cultivated in a gobi solar greenhouse in a river and western corridor in Gansu province. In the prior art, a substrate groove culture method for solar greenhouse peppers in Gobi desert areas of river corridor is not available.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a solar greenhouse pepper substrate groove culture method in a Gobi desert area of a river and western corridor. The inventor of the application carries out research work of a Gobi greenhouse vegetable ecological cultivation technology in a river western corridor area for a long time, and provides a greenhouse and substrate disinfection method suitable for cultivating peppers in substrate grooves in the Gobi desert area of the river western corridor by investigating and analyzing influences of different disinfection methods on the occurrence time, the incidence degree and the disease types of the peppers; through analysis of stress resistance, yield, quality and main characteristics of the substrate groove cultivated peppers, the good pepper varieties which are suitable for solar greenhouse cultivation in Gobi desert areas and meet the target market demands are screened out; through experimental research on growth, yield, quality and the like of the substrate groove cultivated peppers by using the water fertilizer, the calcium fertilizer concentration and irrigation index suitable for spraying the substrate groove cultivated peppers are screened, and the solar greenhouse pepper substrate groove cultivation method in the Gobi desert area of the river corridor is integrally provided by combining production reality.
In order to achieve the technical purpose of the invention, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a solar greenhouse pepper substrate groove cultivation method in a Gobi desert area in a Hexi corridor, which comprises the steps of cultivation groove manufacturing, cultivation substrate preparation, rotation arrangement, variety selection, seedling raising, disinfection, field planting, field management, pest control and harvesting, wherein the field management comprises the steps of moisture management and nutrient management, and the moisture management specifically comprises the following steps: in the seedling stage, the initial flowering stage, the initial fruit stage and the full fruit stage of the capsicum, the mass water content of the matrix is respectively kept at 70% -80%, 50% -60%, 60% -70% and 70% -80% of the saturated water content of the matrix.
Preferably, the nutrient management includes: spraying calcium chloride on the leaf surfaces of the bud period of the capsicum to the swelling period of the star peppers, wherein the spraying concentration is 2-8 g/L, and spraying is carried out 1 time every 10 d; preferably, the calcium chloride concentration is 4 g/L.
Preferably, the nutrient management includes: the bud of the capsicum starts to fertilize, the top dressing is carried out by drip irrigation for 1 time every 10 d, and the initial flowering period is N-P 2 O 5 -K 2 O=1.01-1.12-0.14-0.16-0.88-0.98 kg/mu, N-P in initial fruiting period 2 O 5 -K 2 O=2.02-2.24-0.28-0.31-1.76-1.95 kg/mu, full bearing period N-P 2 O 5 -K 2 O=3.02-3.36-0.42-0.47-2.63-2.93 kg/mu.
Preferably, the variety specifically selects the number 11 of the long pepper and the number 10 of the long pepper.
Preferably, the cultivation groove is U-shaped, the width of the groove opening is 50-55 cm, the width of the groove bottom is 45-50 cm, the groove spacing is 70-75 cm, and the groove is inclined for 5 degrees from north to south; after the groove is built, a layer of plastic film is paved at the bottom of the groove, a layer of cobblestone with the thickness of 4-6 cm is paved on the film, a layer of woven bag is paved on the film, and finally, the groove is filled with cultivation substrates with the thickness of 20-24 cm.
Preferably, the cultivation substrate is a composite substrate prepared by taking local agricultural wastes as main raw materials, wherein the raw materials comprise corn straw, cow dung, mushroom residues and slag, and the prepared volume ratio is as follows: corn stalk: cow dung: mushroom residue: slag=2.5:2:2.5:3.
Preferably, the stubble arrangement comprises early spring stubble, autumn and winter stubble and overwintering stubble; the early spring stubble grows seedlings in the middle and upper 11 months, is planted in the middle 1 month next, is marketed in the next 3 months, and is pulled in the middle 6 months; seedling raising is carried out on autumn and winter stubbles in the middle ten days of 7 months, planting is carried out at the bottom of 8 months or at the beginning of 9 months, the autumn and winter stubbles are put on the market in the middle ten days of 11 months, and seedling pulling is carried out in the middle ten days of 2 months in the next year; the overwintering stubble grows seedlings in the upper ten days of 9 months, field planting is conducted in the lower ten days of 10 months, the seedlings are put on the market in the lower ten days of 12 months, and the seedlings are pulled in the middle ten days of 6 months of the next year.
Preferably, the seedling raising comprises the steps of pepper seed treatment and seedling stage management; the pepper seed treatment specifically comprises the following steps: soaking the capsicum in warm water, then soaking the seeds in 10% trisodium phosphate solution, and then accelerating germination;
The seedling management specifically comprises the following steps: after sowing and before emergence of seedlings, the day temperature is 28-30 ℃ and the night temperature is not lower than 20 ℃; removing the film after 80% of seeds are sprouted, and reducing the day temperature to 20-25 ℃ and the night temperature to 15-18 ℃; the humidity of the substrate is kept above 70%, the surface of the substrate is kept moist, and the relative humidity of air is controlled below 70%; after sowing, 20. 20 d, adding 0.2% of monopotassium phosphate and 0.1% of urea into clear water, spraying for 1 time every 5: 5 d, and spraying for 2 times; hardening off the seedlings 7-10 days before field planting.
Preferably, the sterilization comprises substrate sterilization and greenhouse sterilization, wherein the substrate sterilization is specifically as follows: before field planting, drip irrigation treatment is carried out on the substrate by using 1000-1200 g/mu of 50% of wettable powder of chlorobromoisocyanuric acid;
the greenhouse disinfection specifically comprises the following steps: mixing sulfur, dichlorvos and sawdust, putting the mixture into a greenhouse, igniting the mixture, and sealing the greenhouse for canopy sealing; the mixture of sulfur, dichlorvos and sawdust is specifically as follows: 3.0-5.0 g of sulfur powder, 0.1-0.2 g of 80% dichlorvos emulsifiable concentrate, 3.0-5.0 g of saw dust and 0.5-1.0 ml of alcohol in each cubic meter space.
Preferably, the planting method specifically comprises the following steps: when 6-7 true leaves are planted in a cultivation groove, the substrate is watered thoroughly a day before planting, meanwhile, each mu of agricultural microbial agent 1 kg is applied along with water, pit digging planting is carried out according to two rows of angle modulation of each groove, water is watered thoroughly after planting, and water is watered for 1 time a day until the seedlings become alive.
Preferably, the field management further includes temperature management and illumination management, and the temperature management specifically includes: closing a greenhouse after field planting, heating to carry out seedling reviving, wherein the room temperature is 28-30 ℃ in the daytime and 18-20 ℃ at night; the seedling is released after the seedling is slowly released, and the temperature is 24-25 ℃ in the daytime and 14-16 ℃ at night; the four-stage temperature change management is adopted in the fruiting period, namely the temperature is rapidly increased after the morning visible light, and the temperature is maintained at 25-30 ℃ and is not more than 30 ℃ without ventilation; after 13:00 pm, the temperature is reduced to 20-23 ℃; maintaining the temperature at 18-20 ℃ in the first half of the night; the temperature is maintained at 14-16 ℃ in the latter half of the night;
the illumination management specifically comprises: shading light in noon 1-2 d after field planting, and hanging a reflective screen on the north side of a cultivation furrow when the indoor illumination intensity is insufficient from 12 months to 2 months of the next year; under the condition of temperature permission, uncovering the heat preservation quilt as early as possible; when the illumination is too strong in summer and autumn, the sunshade net is used for shading light properly.
The substrate is used for cultivating the capsicum in the solar greenhouse in the Gobi desert area of the river and western corridor, so that the plant growth can be promoted, the fruit umbilicus rot can be effectively prevented and treated, the yield can be improved, the fruit quality can be improved, and the water and fertilizer resources can be saved.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate the invention and together with the embodiments of the invention, serve to explain the invention. In the drawings:
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a matrix trough pepper planting pattern.
Detailed Description
The following examples facilitate a better understanding of the present invention, but are not intended to limit the same. The test methods in the following examples are conventional methods unless otherwise specified. The test materials used in the examples described below, unless otherwise specified, were purchased from conventional Biochemical reagents. The quantitative tests in the following examples were all set up in triplicate and the results averaged.
The invention provides a substrate groove culture method for solar greenhouse peppers, which can be applied to Gobi desert areas of river and western corridors, and comprises the following steps: the pepper cultivation technology comprises the steps of cultivation groove manufacturing, cultivation substrate preparation, crop arrangement, variety selection, seedling raising, disinfection, field planting, field management, pest control, harvesting and the like.
1. Cultivation groove manufacture
Taking desertification soil of Gobi desert areas in the Hexi corridor as an example. The cultivation groove is manufactured 5 before d, and the ground in the greenhouse is uniformly irrigated with water (at least 30 percent deep cm). After the water seepage, the ground is rolled and flattened, the groove opening is directly dug downwards in the north-south direction on the ground, the groove bottom is 45-50 cm wide, the groove depth is 28-30 cm, the groove spacing is 70-75 cm, and the groove is inclined by 5 degrees from north to south. After the groove is built, a layer of polyethylene plastic film is paved at the bottom of the groove, a layer of cobblestone with the thickness of 4-6 cm is paved on the film, then a woven bag is paved on the cobblestone, and finally the groove is filled with a cultivation substrate with the thickness of 20-24 cm.
2. Preparation of culture medium
Preparing a composite matrix by taking local agricultural wastes as main raw materials in situ, wherein the raw materials comprise mushroom residues, corn stalks, cow dung, slag and the like as raw materials, and fully decomposing the raw materials according to the corn stalks: cow dung: mushroom residue: the volume ratio of slag=2.5:2:2.5:3 is configured into a composite matrix, and the basic physicochemical property is pH 7.12,EC3.06 mS/cm, volume weight 0.529/g/cm 3 6.97 g/kg of total nitrogen, 0.947 g/kg of total phosphorus, 15.37 g/kg of total potassium and 41.83 g/kg of total calcium. Adding 150g/m of 50% chlorothalonil into the mixed matrix 3 After being fully and evenly mixed, the mixture is covered with a plastic film and piled up to 10 d.
3. Chili cultivation technology
3.1 Arrangement of stubbles
Early spring stubble: seedling raising in the middle of 11 months, field planting in the middle of 1 month next year, marketing in the last 3 months and seedling pulling in the middle of 6 months.
Autumn and winter stubble: seedling raising in middle 7 months, initial planting in the bottom 9 months of 8 months, marketing in middle 11 months, and seedling pulling in the middle 2 months next.
Overwintering stubble: seedling raising in the last ten days of 9 months, field planting in the last ten days of 10 months, marketing in the last ten days of 12 months, and seedling pulling in the middle ten days of 6 months of the next year.
3.2 Variety selection
The method selects high-yield, high-quality and low-temperature resistant varieties which are suitable for solar greenhouse cultivation in Gobi desert areas in river and western corridors, have good commodity characters and strong disease resistance, such as Long pepper No. 11 and Long pepper No. 10.
3.3 Seedling raising
3.3.1 Chilli seed treatment
And (3) placing warm water at 50-55 ℃ in the container, continuously stirring after the pepper seeds are put into water, stopping stirring when the water temperature is reduced to 30 ℃, and soaking 8 h. Soaking seeds in 10% trisodium phosphate solution for 10-15 min, taking out the seeds, spreading out, airing for 10 min, wrapping with clean wet cloth, accelerating germination at 28-30 ℃, and cleaning for 1 time in the morning and evening.
3.3.2 Sowing seeds
Seedling raising is carried out by adopting a plug (72 holes) matrix, special matrix (organic matters are more than or equal to 40%, humic acid is more than or equal to 40% and pH is 4.6-5.6) for seedling raising is sterilized before sowing, 50% carbendazim powder 50 g is uniformly mixed into 1 m 3 Covering the substrate with a film for 3-4 d, and removing the film for 1 week. Sowing after 60% of seeds bud, filling 1 d of the seeds into trays to be watered thoroughly, sowing 1 seed in each tray hole, covering 1.8-2.2 cm of seedling special matrix after sowing, sprinkling the surface with a sprinkling can, and covering a layer of mulching film.
3.3.3 Seedling management
After sowing and before emergence of seedlings, the day temperature is 28-30 ℃ and the night temperature is not lower than 20 ℃. And removing the film after 80% of seeds are sprouted, and reducing the day temperature to 20-25 ℃ and the night temperature to 15-18 ℃ (preventing overgrowth). Spraying clean water for 2-3 times per day according to the moisture condition of the matrix (the humidity is kept above 70%, and the surface of the matrix is kept wet), ventilating in time, and controlling the relative humidity of air below 70% . 20. 20 d after sowing, adding 0.2% of monopotassium phosphate and 0.1% of urea into clear water, spraying for 1 time every 5: 5 d, spraying for 2 times, wherein the spraying amount of each time is 300-500 mL/m 2 . At this time, the purpose of spraying the fertilizer is to cultivate strong seedlings. Hardening seedlings 7-10 days before field planting, reducing the day temperature to 18-23 ℃ and the night temperature to 10-18 ℃, increasing ventilation, controlling moisture, and enhancing stress resistance of seedlings.
3.4 Disinfection
3.4.1 Cultivation substrate disinfection
And (3) 8-10 d before field planting, firstly, treating the culture medium by drip irrigation with 1000-1200 g/mu of 50% of chlorobromoisocyanuric acid wettable powder.
3.4.2 greenhouse sterilization
After the irrigation of the culture medium is finished, placing a mixture of sulfur, dichlorvos and sawdust which are uniformly mixed in advance (3.0-5.0 g of sulfur powder, 0.1-0.2 g of 80% dichlorvos emulsifiable concentrate, 3.0-5.0 g of sawdust and 0.5-1.0 ml of alcohol in each cubic meter of space) on a pavement from outside to inside, placing a stack at intervals of 5 m, sequentially igniting 1 h before blacking from inside to outside, sealing a greenhouse, blowing air after covering the greenhouse by 7 d, and planting after 2-3 d.
3.5 Planting
And planting the seedlings in the cultivation groove when the seedlings are in 6-7 true leaves. The substrate is watered thoroughly the day before field planting, and simultaneously, each mu of water is applied with Xingnong praise agricultural microbial agent 1 kg, the microbial agent is produced by Xingxiong chemical industry (China) limited company, and the effective viable count (cfu) of bacillus is more than or equal to 2.0 hundred million/gram, so that the effective viable count of the substrate is increased. Selecting strong seedlings and good seedlings, enabling the root to be provided with a matrix as much as possible, digging pits according to two rows of angle modulation of each groove, and planting the matrix slightly higher than Miao Genjing parts, wherein the plant spacing is 35 cm, and planting single plants. And (3) watering thoroughly after field planting, tightly sealing the field planting holes with a culture medium, and watering 1 time a day until seedlings become alive.
3.6 Field management
3.6.1 Temperature management
Closing the greenhouse for heating after field planting, creating high-temperature and high-humidity environment conditions, and accelerating the seedling-reviving speed. Generally, the room temperature is 28-30 ℃ in daytime and 18-20 ℃ in night. If the seedlings wilt in noon, a method of returning tarpaulin should be adopted in time to shade for a short period so as to be beneficial to seedling reviving. And after seedling is recovered, ventilation is started, cooling and dehumidifying are carried out in the noon of a sunny day, preferably 24-25 ℃ in the daytime and 14-16 ℃ at night, and the highest temperature in a greenhouse is not more than 30 ℃. The four-stage temperature change management is adopted in the fruiting period, namely, the temperature is rapidly increased after the morning visible light, and the temperature is maintained at 25-30 ℃ and is not higher than 30 ℃ without ventilation; after 13:00 pm, the temperature can be reduced to 20-23 ℃; the temperature is maintained at 18-20 ℃ in the first half of the night; the latter half of the night was maintained at about 15 ℃. By adopting four-stage temperature change management, ecological environment favorable for the growth of the peppers can be created, and environmental conditions for disease occurrence are destroyed, so that the purposes of improving yield and quality and preventing and controlling diseases are achieved.
3.6.2 Illumination management
And after field planting, the heat preservation quilt is put for shading in the noon 1-2 d to prevent wilting. The indoor illumination intensity is insufficient from 12 months to 2 months of the next year, and a reflective screen (aluminizer) can be hung on the north side of the cultivation furrow for cleaning the greenhouse film frequently. Under the condition of temperature permission, the cover is uncovered as early as possible and the heat preservation quilt is uncovered as late as possible. When the illumination is too strong in summer and autumn, the sunshade net is used for shading light properly.
3.6.3 Moisture management
And after field planting, the field planting water is timely poured, so that the field planting water is fully poured. And after the seedling is slowly grown, determining the water quantity according to the growth period, and adopting a drip irrigation watering mode in the seedling period, the primary flowering period, the primary fruiting period and the full fruiting period to ensure that the mass water content of the matrix is respectively kept at 70% -80%, 50% -60%, 60% -70% and 70% -80% of the saturated water content of the matrix. Watering in the morning of sunny days, and not watering in the rainy and snowy days.
3.6.4 Nutrient management
The bud of the capsicum starts to fertilize, the top dressing is carried out by drip irrigation for 1 time every 10 d, and the initial flowering period is N-P 2 O 5 -K 2 O=1.01-1.12-0.14-0.16-0.88-0.98 kg mu, N-P in initial fruiting period 2 O 5 -K 2 O=2.02-2.24-0.28-0.31-1.76-1.95 kg/mu, full bearing period N-P 2 O 5 -K 2 O=3.02-3.36-0.42-0.47-2.63-2.93 kg/mu. Calcium chloride (4 g/L) is sprayed on leaf surfaces from the bud stage of the zanthoxylum schinifolium to the swelling stage of the zanthoxylum schinifolium, and 1 time is sprayed every 10 d.
3.6.5 Plant adjustment
When the door peppers are seated, the vines are hung in time, the upper ends of the hanging ropes are fixed on the pulled steel wires, the lower ends of the hanging ropes are fixed on pepper plants by movable buckles (or vine hanging clamps), and the hanging ropes are continuously increased along with the increase of branches. After the pod pepper is harvested, all lateral branches below the first branch are removed.
3.7 Pest control
3.7.1 Mainly diseases and insect pests
The Gobi desert area of the Gansu river and western corridor is a vegetable planting area developed and utilized in recent years, has fewer plant diseases and insect pests, mainly prevents and treats insect pests such as aphids, whiteflies, thrips and the like in production, and occasionally causes powdery mildew, epidemic diseases and the like.
3.7.2 Control method
3.7.2.1 Agricultural control
Selecting varieties with high powdery mildew resistance, epidemic diseases and other diseases; timely removing diseased leaves, diseased fruits and residual branches, removing diseased plants, and taking out of a greenhouse for innocent treatment; and (3) disinfecting the drip irrigation treatment matrix with 1000-1200 g/mu of 50% of chlorobromoisocyanuric acid wettable powder according to the method in 3.4.1 before field planting.
3.7.2.2 Physical control
(1) And (5) protecting facilities. In the seedling raising and cultivating process, shading and insect preventing are carried out by adopting a shading net and an insect preventing net, so that the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests is reduced.
(2) The insect killing lamp is used for trapping and killing insects. And (5) trapping and killing coleopteran pests, lepidoptera pests and the like by utilizing the electronic insecticidal lamp. The insecticidal lamp hanging height is generally 1.2-1.5 m from the bottom of the lamp to the ground, and 1 greenhouse hangs 1-2 lamps.
(3) Huang Lanban trapping and killing. Yellow and blue insect sticking plates are hung in the shed to trap and kill aphids, whiteflies, thrips and other pests. The specification is 25cm multiplied by 40cm, 30-40 blocks are hung per mu, yellow and blue sticky insect plates are placed at equal intervals, and the hanging height is 5-cm higher than the top of the plant.
3.7.2.3 Chemical control
The medicines are scientifically used, and the prevention and the control are comprehensively carried out. The dust and smoke agent are used preferentially, and the medicine is used alternately. And when the plant diseases and insect pests do not occur, the protective medicament is used for preventing, the medicament application interval period is relatively prolonged, the plant diseases and insect pests are discovered early, the medicament is applied in time, the medicament is applied to symptoms, and the medicament is applied continuously, so that the radical cure is thoroughly realized. The pesticide safety interval is strictly controlled.
(1) Powdery mildew
In the initial stage of disease onset, the 25% diethyl ether phenol suspending agent 300-500 times of liquid, or the 50% azoxystrobin water dispersible granule 2000 times of liquid, or the 80% sulfur water dispersible granule 600-750 times of liquid is sprayed, and the spraying is carried out for 1 time every 5-7 d, the alternating application is carried out, and the continuous control is carried out for 2-3 times.
(2) Epidemic disease
The prevention and the treatment are rapidly carried out in the early stage of the disease, and generally the pesticide is started when the leaf rate of the disease in the field reaches 5%, and can be selected from 1000-1500 times of liquid of 60% pyraclostrobin water dispersible granules or 1000 times of liquid of 50% iprodione wettable powder and 1000 times of liquid of 8% ningnanmycin aqueous agent for spraying and treatment, wherein the spraying and the treatment are carried out for 1 time every 7-10 d, and the spraying and the treatment are carried out for 2-3 times continuously every 5-7 d when the leaf rate of the disease in the field is serious.
(3) Aphids
When insect pest occurs, the pesticide is alternately sprayed on the leaves of 1500-2500 times of liquid in 5% pyrethrin aqueous emulsion or 1500 times of liquid in 10% imidacloprid wettable powder for preventing and controlling, and the spraying is carried out for 1 time every 7-10 d and 2-4 times continuously.
(4) White fly
When the number of insect ports is small, 3000-3750 times of 50% pymetrozine water dispersible granule or 3000 times of 50% clothianidin water dispersible granule plus 1500 times of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder can be selected for spray control. When the trialeurodes vaporariorum is serious, a method of spraying and then fumigating is adopted. The 50% clothianidin water dispersible granule plus 10% imidacloprid wettable powder is sprayed for prevention and treatment at the early evening, and 15% isoprocarb fumigant is used for fumigation after 10 hours, if the powdery mildew is serious, the 6% abamectin microemulsion can be used for root irrigation at 3000 times in the morning.
(5) Thrips horse
The 50% pymetrozine water dispersible granule is selected for 3000-3750 times liquid spray control, and is sprayed for 1 time every 5-7 d, and 2-3 times of continuous control are carried out.
3.8 Harvesting
The fruits are fully enlarged, and the surfaces of the fruits have certain luster, so that the fruits can be harvested. The pepper should be picked in good time to make the plant continue to bloom and fruit. The plants can be harvested in advance in the weather of continuous yin cold flow, which is beneficial to nutrient accumulation and consumption reduction of plants.
Example 1
The invention provides a substrate groove culture method of sunlight greenhouse peppers applicable to Gobi desert areas of river and western corridors, which comprises the following steps:
1. cultivation groove manufacture
Taking desertification soil of the Gobi desert area of the Hexi corridor as an example. 5. 5 d before the cultivation groove is made, and the ground in the greenhouse is uniformly irrigated (depth of 30. 30 cm). After the water seepage, the ground is rolled and flattened, the groove opening width 55 cm is directly dug downwards on the ground in the north-south direction, the groove bottom width 50 cm, the groove depth 30 cm and the groove spacing 75 cm of the U-shaped cultivation groove are inclined by 5 degrees from north to south. After the groove is built, a layer of polyethylene plastic film is paved at the bottom of the groove, a layer of cobblestone with the thickness of 5-cm is paved on the film, a woven bag is paved on the film, and a cultivation substrate with the thickness of 20-cm is filled.
2. Preparation of culture medium
The mushroom residues, the corn stalks, the cow dung, the slag and the like are selected as raw materials on site, and after being thoroughly decomposed, the corn stalks are used as follows: cow dung: mushroom residue: the volume ratio of slag=2.5:2:2.5:3 is configured into a composite matrix, and the basic physicochemical property is pH 7.12, EC3.06 mS/cm, volume weight 0.529/g/cm 3 6.97 g/kg of total nitrogen, 0.947 g/kg of total phosphorus, 15.37 g/kg of total potassium and 41.83 g/kg of total calcium. Adding 50% chlorothalonil 150 g/m 3 After being fully and evenly mixed, the mixture is covered with a plastic film and piled up to 10 d.
3. Chili cultivation technology
3.1 Arrangement of stubbles
Autumn and winter stubble: seedling raising is carried out for 7 months and 15 days, planting is carried out for 8 months and 29 days, marketing is carried out for 11 months and 12 days, and seedling pulling is carried out for 2 months and 7 days next year.
3.2 Variety selection
Long pepper No. 10 was selected.
3.3 Seedling raising
3.3.1 Chilli seed treatment
Placing 50 ℃ warm water in a container, adding the capsicum seeds into water, continuously stirring, stopping stirring when the water temperature is reduced to 30 ℃, and soaking 8 h. Soaking seeds in 10% trisodium phosphate solution for 15 min, taking out the seeds, spreading, airing for 10 min, wrapping with clean wet cloth, accelerating germination at 30deg.C, and cleaning for 1 time each day in the morning and evening.
3.3.2 Sowing seeds
Seedling culture with tray (72 holes) matrix, sterilizing special matrix (organic matter 40%, humic acid 40%, pH 5.6) before sowing, and uniformly mixing 50% carbendazim powder 50 g with 1 m 3 Is covered with a film 4 d and is available after 1 week of film removal. After 60% of seeds are germinated, sowing is started, the seeds are fully watered in a tray one day before sowing, 1 seed is sown in each tray hole, 2.0 cm of special seedling substrate is covered after sowing, the surface is sprinkled by a sprinkling can, and a layer of mulching film is covered.
3.3.3 Seedling management
After sowing, before emergence, the day temperature is 28 ℃ and the night temperature is 20 ℃. After 80% of seeds are sprouted, removing the film, reducing the day temperature to 20 ℃ and the night temperature to 15 ℃ (preventing overgrowth). According to the moisture condition of the matrix (the humidity is kept above 70 percent, and the surface of the matrix is kept wet), spraying clean water for 2-3 times per day, ventilating in time, and controlling the relative humidity of air below 70 percent. For cultivating strong seedlings, 20. 20 d percent of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.1 percent of urea are added into clear water to be sprayed on leaf surfaces, and each 5: 5 d of the leaf surfaces is sprayed for 1 time and 2 times. Hardening seedlings before field planting by 10 d, reducing the day temperature to 18 ℃ and the night temperature to 10 ℃, increasing ventilation and controlling moisture so as to enhance the stress resistance of the seedlings.
3.4 Disinfection
Before field planting 10 d, firstly, using 50% of wettable powder of chlorobromoisocyanuric acid 1000 g/mu to drip-irrigate and treat the culture medium, then placing the mixture of sulfur, dichlorvos and saw dust (uniformly mixed by 4.0 g sulfur powder, 0.1 g 80% dichlorvos emulsifiable concentrate, 5.0 g saw dust and 1.0 ml alcohol) which are uniformly mixed in advance on the pavement from outside to inside, putting a pile every 5 m, sequentially igniting 1 h before black days from inside to outside, sealing a greenhouse, and discharging air after the greenhouse is sealed by 7 d.
3.5 Planting
When the seedlings are planted in 7 true leaves, the seedlings are planted in the cultivation groove. The substrate is watered thoroughly 1 d before field planting, and simultaneously, the Xinnongjingzan agricultural microbial agent 1 kg is applied along with water per mu. Selecting strong seedlings and good seedlings, enabling the root to be provided with a matrix as much as possible, digging pits according to two rows of angle modulation of each groove, and planting the matrix slightly higher than Miao Genjing parts, wherein the plant spacing is 35 cm, and planting single plants. And (3) watering thoroughly after field planting, tightly sealing the field planting holes with a matrix, and watering 1 time a day until seedlings become alive.
3.6 Field management
3.6.1 Temperature management
Closing the greenhouse for heating after field planting, creating high-temperature and high-humidity environment conditions, and accelerating the seedling-reviving speed. Day room temperature 28 ℃, night 18 ℃. If the seedlings wilt in noon, a method of returning tarpaulin should be adopted in time to shade for a short period so as to be beneficial to seedling reviving. And after seedling is recovered, ventilation is started, cooling and dehumidifying are carried out at noon of sunny day, 25 ℃ in daytime and 16 ℃ at night are preferable, and the highest temperature in the greenhouse is not more than 30 ℃. The four-stage temperature change management is adopted in the fruiting period, namely the temperature is rapidly increased after the morning visible light, and the temperature is maintained at 30 ℃ and is not higher than 30 ℃ without ventilation; after 13:00 pm, the temperature was reduced to 23 ℃; the temperature should be maintained at 20 ℃ during the first half of the night; the latter half of the night temperature was maintained at 15 ℃.
3.6.2 Illumination management
After field planting, the heat preservation quilt is put for shading in the noon of 2 d to prevent wilting. The indoor illumination intensity is insufficient from 12 months to 2 months of the next year, and a reflective screen (aluminizer) can be hung on the north side of the cultivation furrow for cleaning the greenhouse film frequently. Under the condition of temperature permission, the cover is uncovered as early as possible and the heat preservation quilt is uncovered as late as possible. When the illumination is too strong in summer and autumn, the sunshade net is used for shading light properly.
3.6.3 Moisture management
And after field planting, the field planting water is timely poured, so that the field planting water is fully poured. And after the seedling is slowly grown, determining the water quantity according to the growth period, and adopting a drip irrigation watering mode in the seedling period, the primary flowering period, the primary fruiting period and the full fruiting period to ensure that the mass water content of the matrix is respectively kept at 70% -80%, 50% -60%, 60% -70% and 70% -80% of the saturated water content of the matrix. Watering in the morning of sunny days, and not watering in the rainy and snowy days.
3.6.4 Nutrient management
The bud of the capsicum starts to fertilize, the top dressing is carried out by drip irrigation for 1 time every 10 days, and the initial flowering period is N-P 2 O 5 -K 2 O=1.12-0.16-0.98 kg/mu, N-P in initial fruiting period 2 O 5 -K 2 O=2.24-0.31-1.95 kg/mu, full bearing period N-P 2 O 5 -K 2 O=3.36-0.47-2.93 kg/mu. Calcium chloride (4 g/L) is sprayed on leaf surfaces from the bud stage of the zanthoxylum schinifolium to the swelling stage of the zanthoxylum schinifolium, and 1 time is sprayed every 10 d.
3.6.5 Plant adjustment
When the door peppers are seated, the vines are hung in time, the upper ends of the hanging ropes are fixed on the pulled steel wires, the lower ends of the hanging ropes are fixed on pepper plants by movable buckles (or vine hanging clamps), and the hanging ropes are continuously increased along with the increase of branches. After the pod pepper is harvested, all lateral branches below the first branch are removed.
3.7 Pest control
3.7.1 Mainly diseases and insect pests
The Gobi desert area of the Gansu river and western corridor is a vegetable planting area developed and utilized in recent years, has fewer plant diseases and insect pests, mainly prevents and treats insect pests such as aphids, whiteflies, thrips and the like in production, and occasionally causes powdery mildew, epidemic diseases and the like.
3.7.2 Control method
3.7.2.1 Agricultural control
Selecting varieties with high powdery mildew resistance, epidemic diseases and other diseases; timely removing diseased leaves, diseased fruits and residual branches, removing diseased plants, and taking out of a greenhouse for innocent treatment; the drip irrigation treatment substrate of 1000 g/mu is sterilized with 50% wettable powder of chlorobromoisocyanuric acid according to the method in 3.4.1 before planting.
3.7.2.2 Physical control
(1) And (5) protecting facilities. In the seedling raising and cultivating process, shading and insect preventing are carried out by adopting a shading net and an insect preventing net, so that the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests is reduced.
(2) The insect killing lamp is used for trapping and killing insects. And (5) trapping and killing coleopteran pests, lepidoptera pests and the like by utilizing the electronic insecticidal lamp. The insecticidal lamp hanging height is generally 1.5 m from the bottom of the lamp, and 2 lamps are hung on a 1-seat greenhouse.
(3) Huang Lanban trapping and killing. Yellow and blue insect sticking plates are hung in the shed to trap and kill aphids, whiteflies, thrips and other pests. The specification is 25cm multiplied by 40cm, 40 blocks of yellow and blue sticky insect plates are hung per mu, the yellow and blue sticky insect plates are placed at equal intervals, and the hanging height is 5cm higher than the top of the plant.
3.7.2.3 Chemical control
The medicines are scientifically used, and the prevention and the control are comprehensively carried out. The dust and smoke agent are used preferentially, and the medicine is used alternately. And when the plant diseases and insect pests do not occur, the protective medicament is used for preventing, the medicament application interval period is relatively prolonged, the plant diseases and insect pests are discovered early, the medicament is applied in time, the medicament is applied to symptoms, and the medicament is applied continuously, so that the radical cure is thoroughly realized. The pesticide safety interval is strictly controlled.
(1) Powdery mildew
At the initial stage of the disease, spraying 300 times of 25% diethyl ether phenol suspending agent, 2000 times of 50% azoxystrobin water dispersible granule or 750 times of 80% sulfur water dispersible granule for 1 time every 7 d, alternately taking medicine, and continuously controlling for 3 times.
(2) Epidemic disease
The prevention and the treatment are rapidly carried out at the initial stage of the disease, when the leaf rate of the field disease reaches 5%, the pesticide is started, and the spray prevention and the treatment are carried out by selecting 1000 times of 50% iprodione wettable powder and 1000 times of 8% ningnanmycin aqueous solution, wherein the spray is carried out for 1 time every 10 d, and the spray is carried out for 3 times continuously every 5d times when the leaf rate is serious.
(3) Aphids
When insect pest occurs, the pesticide is alternately sprayed on the leaves of 1500 times of liquid emulsion of 5% pyrethrin water or 1500 times of liquid wettable powder of 10% imidacloprid for prevention and treatment, and the spraying is carried out for 1 time every 10 d and 4 times continuously.
(4) White fly
When the number of insect mouths is small, 50% clothianidin water dispersible granule 3000 times liquid and 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 1500 times liquid are selected for spray control. When the trialeurodes vaporariorum is serious, a method of spraying and then fumigating is adopted. The method comprises the steps of spraying and controlling 50% clothianidin water dispersible granules 3000 times liquid and 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 1500 times liquid in the evening, fumigating by 15% isoprocarb smoke agent after 10 hours, and irrigating roots by 6% abamectin microemulsion 3000 times liquid in the morning in the next day if the powdery mildew is serious.
(5) Thrips horse
50% pymetrozine water dispersible granule 3000 times liquid spray control is selected, and 1 time is sprayed every 5 days, and 3 times is continuously controlled.
3.8 Harvesting
The fruits are fully enlarged, and the surfaces of the fruits have certain luster, so that the fruits can be harvested. The pepper should be picked in good time to make the plant continue to bloom and fruit. The plants can be harvested in advance in the weather of continuous yin cold flow, which is beneficial to nutrient accumulation and consumption reduction of plants.
Example 2
The invention provides a substrate groove culture method for solar greenhouse peppers, which can be applied to Gobi desert areas of river and western corridors, and comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of manufacturing a cultivation groove, preparing a cultivation substrate, arranging stubbles, selecting varieties, raising seedlings, sterilizing, planting, field management, pest control, harvesting and the like.
1. Cultivation groove manufacture
Taking desertification soil of the Gobi desert area of the Hexi corridor as an example. The cultivation groove is manufactured 5 before d, and the ground in the greenhouse is uniformly irrigated with water (at least 30 percent deep cm). After the water seepage, the ground is rolled and flattened, the groove opening width 55 cm is directly dug downwards on the ground in the north-south direction, the groove bottom width 50 cm, the groove depth 30 cm and the groove spacing 75 cm of the U-shaped cultivation groove are inclined by 5 degrees from north to south. After the groove is built, a layer of polyethylene plastic film is paved at the bottom of the groove, a layer of cobblestone with the thickness of 5-cm is paved on the film, a woven bag is paved on the film, and a cultivation substrate with the thickness of 20-cm is filled.
2. Preparation of culture medium
The mushroom residues, the corn stalks, the cow dung, the slag and the like are selected as raw materials on site, and after being thoroughly decomposed, the corn stalks are used as follows: cow dung: mushroom residue: the volume ratio of slag=2.5:2:2.5:3 is configured into a composite matrix, and the basic physicochemical property is pH 7.12,EC3.06 mS/cm, volume weight 0.529/g/cm 3 6.97 g/kg of total nitrogen, 0.947 g/kg of total phosphorus, 15.37 g/kg of total potassium and 41.83 g/kg of total calcium. Adding 50% chlorothalonil 150 g/m 3 After being fully and evenly mixed, the mixture is covered with a plastic film and piled up to 10 d.
3. Chili cultivation technology
3.1 Arrangement of stubbles
Overwintering stubble: seedling raising is carried out for 9 months and 3 days, field planting is carried out for 10 months and 25 days, marketing is carried out for 12 months and 22 days, and seedling pulling is carried out for 6 months and 19 days next year.
3.2 Variety selection
Long pepper No. 11 was selected.
3.3 Seedling raising
3.3.1 Chilli seed treatment
Placing 55 deg.C warm water in a container, adding the pepper seeds into water, stirring, stopping stirring when the water temperature is reduced to 30 deg.C, and soaking 8 h. Soaking seeds in 10% trisodium phosphate solution for 10 min, taking out the seeds, spreading, airing for 10 min, wrapping with clean wet cloth, accelerating germination at 28deg.C, and cleaning for 1 time each day in the morning and evening.
3.3.2 Sowing seeds
Seedling culture with tray (72 holes) matrix, sterilizing special matrix (organic matter 45%, humic acid 40% and pH 4.6), and uniformly mixing 50% carbendazim powder 50 g with 1 m 3 Is covered with a film 3 d and is available after 1 week of film removal. After 60% of seeds are germinated, sowing is started, the seeds are fully watered in a tray one day before sowing, 1 seed is sown in each tray hole, 2.0 cm of special seedling substrate is covered after sowing, the surface is sprinkled by a sprinkling can, and a layer of mulching film is covered.
3.3.3 Seedling management
After sowing, before emergence, the day temperature is 30 ℃ and the night temperature is 22 ℃. After 80% of seeds are sprouted, removing the film, reducing the day temperature to 25 ℃ and the night temperature to 18 ℃ (preventing overgrowth). According to the moisture condition of the matrix (the humidity is kept above 70 percent, and the surface of the matrix is kept wet), spraying clean water for 2-3 times per day, ventilating in time, and controlling the relative humidity of air below 70 percent. After sowing, 20. 20 d, adding 0.2% of monopotassium phosphate and 0.1% of urea into clear water, spraying for 1 time every 5: 5 d, and spraying for 2 times. Hardening seedlings before field planting, namely 7 to d, reducing the day temperature to 23 ℃, reducing the night temperature to 18 ℃, increasing ventilation, and controlling moisture so as to enhance the stress resistance of the seedlings.
3.4 Disinfection
Before field planting 10 d, firstly, a culture medium is treated by drip irrigation with 50% of wettable powder of chlorobromoisocyanuric acid 1000 g/mu, then, a mixture of sulfur, dichlorvos and sawdust (uniformly mixed by 5.0 g sulfur powder, 0.1 g 80% dichlorvos emulsifiable concentrate, 5.0 g sawdust and 1.0 ml alcohol) which are uniformly mixed in advance is placed on a pavement from outside to inside, a stack is placed every 5 m, 1 h before the black day is sequentially ignited from inside to outside, and a greenhouse is sealed, and 7 d is sealed and then air is released.
3.5 Planting
When the seedlings are planted in 6 true leaves, the seedlings are planted in the cultivation groove. The substrate is watered thoroughly the day before planting, and simultaneously, each mu of the substrate is applied with water to form the agricultural microbial agent 1 kg. Selecting strong seedlings and good seedlings, enabling the root to be provided with a matrix as much as possible, digging pits according to two rows of angle modulation of each groove, and planting the matrix slightly higher than Miao Genjing parts, wherein the plant spacing is 35 cm, and planting single plants. And (3) watering thoroughly after field planting, tightly sealing the field planting holes with a matrix, and watering 1 time a day until seedlings become alive.
3.6 Field management
3.6.1 Temperature management
Closing the greenhouse for heating after field planting, creating high-temperature and high-humidity environment conditions, and accelerating the seedling-reviving speed. The daytime room temperature is 30 ℃ and the night 20 ℃. If the seedlings wilt in noon, a method of returning tarpaulin should be adopted in time to shade for a short period so as to be beneficial to seedling reviving. The seedling is released after the seedling is recovered, the temperature and humidity are reduced, the seedling is usually carried out in the noon of a sunny day, the temperature is 24 ℃ in the daytime, preferably 14 ℃ at night, and the highest temperature in a greenhouse is not more than 30 ℃. The four-stage temperature change management is adopted in the fruiting period, namely the temperature is rapidly increased after the morning visible light, and the temperature is maintained at 25 ℃ and is not higher than 30 ℃ without ventilation; after 13:00 pm, the temperature was reduced to 20 ℃; the temperature should be maintained at 18 ℃ during the first half of the night; the latter half of the night temperature was maintained at 15 ℃.
3.6.2 Illumination management
After field planting, the heat preservation quilt is put for shading in the noon of 1 d to prevent wilting. The indoor illumination intensity is insufficient from 12 months to 2 months of the next year, and a reflective screen (aluminizer) can be hung on the north side of the cultivation furrow for cleaning the greenhouse film frequently. Under the condition of temperature permission, the cover is uncovered as early as possible and the heat preservation quilt is uncovered as late as possible. When the illumination is too strong in summer and autumn, the sunshade net is used for shading light properly.
3.6.3 Moisture management
And after field planting, the field planting water is timely poured, so that the field planting water is fully poured. And after the seedling is slowly grown, determining the water quantity according to the growth period, and adopting a drip irrigation watering mode in the seedling period, the primary flowering period, the primary fruiting period and the full fruiting period to ensure that the mass water content of the matrix is respectively kept at 70% -80%, 50% -60%, 60% -70% and 70% -80% of the saturated water content of the matrix. Watering in the morning of sunny days, and not watering in the rainy and snowy days.
3.6.4 Nutrient management
The bud of the capsicum starts to fertilize, the top dressing is carried out by drip irrigation for 1 time every 10 d, and the initial flowering period is N-P 2 O 5 -K 2 O=1.12-0.16-0.98 kg/mu, N-P in initial fruiting period 2 O 5 -K 2 O=2.24-0.31-1.95 kg/mu, full bearing period N-P 2 O 5 -K 2 O=3.36-0.47-2.93 kg/mu. During bud period of the capsicum frutescens to the star pepperThe leaf surface in the expansion period is sprayed with calcium chloride (4 g/L) for 1 time every 10 d.
3.6.5 Plant adjustment
When the door peppers are seated, the vines are hung in time, the upper ends of the hanging ropes are fixed on the pulled steel wires, the lower ends of the hanging ropes are fixed on pepper plants by movable buckles (or vine hanging clamps), and the hanging ropes are continuously increased along with the increase of branches. After the pod pepper is harvested, all lateral branches below the first branch are removed.
3.7 Pest control
3.7.1 Mainly diseases and insect pests
The Gobi desert area of the Gansu river and western corridor is a vegetable planting area developed and utilized in recent years, has fewer plant diseases and insect pests, mainly prevents and treats insect pests such as aphids, whiteflies, thrips and the like in production, and occasionally causes powdery mildew, epidemic diseases and the like.
3.7.2 Control method
3.7.2.1 Agricultural control
Selecting varieties with high powdery mildew resistance, epidemic diseases and other diseases; timely removing diseased leaves, diseased fruits and residual branches, removing diseased plants, and taking out of a greenhouse for innocent treatment; the drip irrigation treatment substrate of 1000 g/mu is sterilized with 50% wettable powder of chlorobromoisocyanuric acid according to the method in 3.4.1 before planting.
3.7.2.2 Physical control
(1) And (5) protecting facilities. In the seedling raising and cultivating process, shading and insect preventing are carried out by adopting a shading net and an insect preventing net, so that the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests is reduced.
(2) The insect killing lamp is used for trapping and killing insects. And (5) trapping and killing coleopteran pests, lepidoptera pests and the like by utilizing the electronic insecticidal lamp. The insecticidal lamp hanging height is generally 1.2 m from the bottom of the lamp, and 1 greenhouse hangs 1 lamp.
(3) Huang Lanban trapping and killing. Yellow and blue insect sticking plates are hung in the shed to trap and kill aphids, whiteflies, thrips and other pests. The specification is 25cm multiplied by 40cm, 30 blocks of yellow and blue sticky insect plates are hung per mu, the yellow and blue sticky insect plates are placed at equal intervals, and the hanging height is 5cm higher than the top of a plant.
3.7.2.3 Chemical control
The medicines are scientifically used, and the prevention and the control are comprehensively carried out. The dust and smoke agent are used preferentially, and the medicine is used alternately. And when the plant diseases and insect pests do not occur, the protective medicament is used for preventing, the medicament application interval period is relatively prolonged, the plant diseases and insect pests are discovered early, the medicament is applied in time, the medicament is applied to symptoms, and the medicament is applied continuously, so that the radical cure is thoroughly realized. The pesticide safety interval is strictly controlled.
(1) Powdery mildew
At the initial stage of the disease, spraying 500 times of 25% diethyl ether phenol suspending agent, 2000 times of 50% azoxystrobin water dispersible granule or 600 times of 80% sulfur water dispersible granule, and alternately taking medicines for 2 times continuously every 5 times d.
(2) Epidemic disease
The prevention and the treatment are rapidly carried out in the early stage of the disease, the pesticide is started when the leaf disease rate in the field reaches 5%, the water dispersible granule of 60% pyraclostrobin is selected for 1500 times of liquid spray prevention and treatment, 1 time is sprayed every 7d, and once every 7d is sprayed in severe cases, and 2 times of continuous prevention and treatment are carried out.
(3) Aphids
When insect pest occurs, 2500 times of liquid is sprayed on the leaves of 5% pyrethrin aqueous emulsion or 1500 times of liquid is sprayed on the leaves of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder alternately, and the spraying is carried out for 1 time every 7d and 2 times continuously.
(4) White fly
And when the number of insect ports is small, 3750 times of liquid spray control of 50% pymetrozine water dispersible granule is selected. When the trialeurodes vaporariorum is serious, a method of spraying and then fumigating is adopted. The method comprises the steps of spraying and controlling 50% clothianidin water dispersible granules 3000 times liquid and 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 1500 times liquid in the evening, fumigating by 15% isoprocarb smoke agent after 10 hours, and irrigating roots by 6% abamectin microemulsion 3000 times liquid in the morning in the next day if the powdery mildew is serious.
(5) Thrips horse
The method is characterized in that 3750 times of liquid spray prevention and control of 50% pymetrozine water dispersible granule is selected, 1 time of spraying is carried out every 7 days, and 2 times of continuous prevention and control are carried out.
3.8 Harvesting
The fruits are fully enlarged, and the surfaces of the fruits have certain luster, so that the fruits can be harvested. The pepper should be picked in good time to make the plant continue to bloom and fruit. The plants can be harvested in advance in the weather of continuous yin cold flow, which is beneficial to nutrient accumulation and consumption reduction of plants.
Example 3
The invention provides a substrate groove culture method for solar greenhouse peppers, which can be applied to Gobi desert areas of river and western corridors, and comprises the following steps: manufacturing a cultivation groove, preparing a cultivation substrate and cultivating the capsicum.
1. Cultivation groove manufacture
This part is the same as embodiment 1, and thus the specific content of this part is omitted.
2. Preparation of culture medium
This part is the same as embodiment 1, and thus the specific content of this part is omitted.
3. Chili cultivation technology
3.1 Arrangement of stubbles
Autumn and winter stubble: seedling raising is carried out for 7 months and 12 days, planting is carried out for 8 months and 26 days, and seedling pulling is carried out for 2 months and 2 days in the next year.
3.2 Variety selection
The preparation method comprises the steps of selecting Long pepper No. 10, long pepper No. 11, long pepper No. 12, aviation pepper No. 5, aviation pepper No. 8, golden pepper No. 6, golden pepper No. 8 and 37-94.
3.3 Seedling raising
3.3.1 Chilli seed treatment
This part is the same as embodiment 1, and thus the specific content of this part is omitted.
3.3.2 Sowing seeds
This part is the same as embodiment 1, and thus the specific content of this part is omitted.
3.3.3 Seedling management
This part is the same as embodiment 1, and thus the specific content of this part is omitted.
3.4 Disinfection
Before field planting, the greenhouse skeleton, walls, floors and auxiliary facilities are uniformly sprayed with 2000 times of 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder and 1000 times of 80% dichlorvos emulsifiable concentrate, and the greenhouse canopy is sealed by d and then is ventilated.
3.5 Planting
This part is the same as embodiment 1, and thus the specific content of this part is omitted.
3.6 Field management
3.6.1 Temperature management
This part is the same as embodiment 1, and thus the specific content of this part is omitted.
3.6.2 Illumination management
This part is the same as embodiment 1, and thus the specific content of this part is omitted.
3.6.3 Moisture management
And after field planting, the field planting water is timely poured, so that the field planting water is fully poured. And after the seedling is slowly grown, determining the water quantity according to the growth period, and adopting a drip irrigation watering mode in the seedling period, the primary flowering period, the primary fruiting period and the full fruiting period to ensure that the mass water content of the matrix is respectively kept at 70% -80%, 50% -60%, 60% -70% and 70% -80% of the saturated water content of the matrix. Watering in the morning of sunny days, and not watering in the rainy and snowy days.
3.6.4 Nutrient management
Drip irrigation and topdressing are carried out 1 time every 10 d times during bud emergence and seedling pulling of the zanthoxylum piperitum, and N-P is topdressed every time 2 O 5 -K 2 O=2.12-0.77-3.03 kg/mu, namely 10.1 kg of compound fertilizer (15-5-25), 0.49 kg of urea and water-soluble monoammonium phosphate (N11.5-P) 2 O 5 60.5）0.22 kg。
3.6.5 Plant adjustment
This part is the same as embodiment 1, and thus the specific content of this part is omitted.
3.7 Pest control
This part is the same as embodiment 1, and thus the specific content of this part is omitted.
3.8 Harvesting
This part is the same as embodiment 1, and thus the specific content of this part is omitted.
Example 4
The invention provides a substrate groove culture method for solar greenhouse peppers, which can be applied to Gobi desert areas of river and western corridors, and comprises the following steps: manufacturing a cultivation groove, preparing a cultivation substrate and cultivating the capsicum.
1. Cultivation groove manufacture
This part is the same as embodiment 1, and thus the specific content of this part is omitted.
2. Preparation of culture medium
This part is the same as embodiment 1, and thus the specific content of this part is omitted.
3. Chili cultivation technology
3.1 Arrangement of stubbles
Autumn and winter stubble: seedling raising is carried out for 7 months and 14 days, planting is carried out for 8 months and 31 days, and seedling pulling is carried out for 15 days in 2 months of the next year.
3.2 Variety selection
Long pepper No. 10 was selected.
3.3 Seedling raising
3.3.1 Chilli seed treatment
This part is the same as embodiment 1, and thus the specific content of this part is omitted.
3.3.2 Sowing seeds
This part is the same as embodiment 1, and thus the specific content of this part is omitted.
3.3.3 Seedling management
This part is the same as embodiment 1, and thus the specific content of this part is omitted.
3.4 Disinfection
This part is the same as embodiment 3, and thus the specific content of this part is omitted.
3.5 Planting
This part is the same as embodiment 1, and thus the specific content of this part is omitted.
3.6 Field management
3.6.1 Temperature management
This part is the same as embodiment 1, and thus the specific content of this part is omitted.
3.6.2 Illumination management
This part is the same as embodiment 1, and thus the specific content of this part is omitted.
3.6.3 Moisture management
This part is the same as embodiment 3, and thus the specific content of this part is omitted.
3.6.4 Nutrient management
The bud of the capsicum starts to fertilize, the top dressing is carried out by drip irrigation for 1 time every 10 d, and the initial flowering period is N-P 2 O 5 -K 2 O=1.12-0.16-0.98 kg/mu, N-P in initial fruiting period 2 O 5 -K 2 O=2.24-0.31-1.95 kg/mu, full bearing period N-P 2 O 5 -K 2 O=3.36-0.47-2.93 kg/mu. Calcium chloride (1 g/L, 2 g/L, 4 g/L, 8 g/L) is sprayed on leaf surfaces of the bud stage of the zanthoxylum schinifolium and the swelling stage of the zanthoxylum schinifolium, and the spraying is carried out for 1 time every 10 d.
3.6.5 Plant adjustment
This part is the same as embodiment 1, and thus the specific content of this part is omitted.
3.7 Pest control
This part is the same as embodiment 1, and thus the specific content of this part is omitted.
3.8 Harvesting
This part is the same as embodiment 1, and thus the specific content of this part is omitted.
Example 5
The invention provides a substrate groove culture method for solar greenhouse peppers, which can be applied to Gobi desert areas of river and western corridors, and comprises the following steps: manufacturing a cultivation groove, preparing a cultivation substrate and cultivating the capsicum.
1. Cultivation groove manufacture
This part is the same as embodiment 1, and thus the specific content of this part is omitted.
2. Preparation of culture medium
This part is the same as embodiment 1, and thus the specific content of this part is omitted.
3. Chili cultivation technology
3.1 Arrangement of stubbles
Autumn and winter stubble: seedling raising is carried out for 18 days in 7 months, planting is carried out for 31 days in 8 months, and seedling pulling is carried out for 5 days in 2 months in the next year.
3.2 Variety selection
Long pepper No. 11 was selected.
3.3 Seedling raising
3.3.1 Chilli seed treatment
This part is the same as embodiment 1, and thus the specific content of this part is omitted.
3.3.2 Sowing seeds
This part is the same as embodiment 1, and thus the specific content of this part is omitted.
3.3.3 Seedling management
This part is the same as embodiment 1, and thus the specific content of this part is omitted.
3.4 Disinfection
This part is the same as embodiment 3, and thus the specific content of this part is omitted.
3.5 Planting
This part is the same as embodiment 1, and thus the specific content of this part is omitted.
3.6 Field management
3.6.1 Temperature management
This part is the same as embodiment 1, and thus the specific content of this part is omitted.
3.6.2 Illumination management
This part is the same as embodiment 1, and thus the specific content of this part is omitted.
3.6.3 Moisture management
And after field planting, the field planting water is timely poured, so that the field planting water is fully poured. And after the seedling is slowly released, determining the water amount according to the growth period, wherein the seedling period, the primary flowering period, the primary fruit period and the full fruit period adopt a drip irrigation watering mode, and the water content of the matrix in each growth period in different treatments is specifically shown in table 3. Watering in the morning of sunny days, and not watering in the rainy and snowy days.
3.6.4 Nutrient management
The bud of the capsicum starts to fertilize, the top dressing is carried out by drip irrigation for 1 time every 10 d, and the initial flowering period is N-P 2 O 5 -K 2 O=1.12-0.16-0.98 kg/mu, N-P in initial fruiting period 2 O 5 -K 2 O=2.24-0.31-1.95 kg/mu, full bearing period N-P 2 O 5 -K 2 O=3.36-0.47-2.93 kg/mu.
3.6.5 Plant adjustment
This part is the same as embodiment 1, and thus the specific content of this part is omitted.
3.7 Pest control
This part is the same as embodiment 1, and thus the specific content of this part is omitted.
3.8 Harvesting
This part is the same as embodiment 1, and thus the specific content of this part is omitted.
Example 6
The invention provides a substrate groove culture method for solar greenhouse peppers, which can be applied to Gobi desert areas of river and western corridors, and comprises the following steps: manufacturing a cultivation groove, preparing a cultivation substrate and cultivating the capsicum.
1. Cultivation groove manufacture
This part is the same as embodiment 1, and thus the specific content of this part is omitted.
2. Preparation of culture medium
This part is the same as embodiment 1, and thus the specific content of this part is omitted.
3. Chili cultivation technology
3.1 Arrangement of stubbles
Autumn and winter stubble: the pepper grows seedlings in 7-14 days in 2018, in 7-18 days in 2019, in 8-26 days in 2018 and in 8-31 days in 2019, and pulls seedlings in 15 days in 2-15 days in 2019 and in 5 days in 2020.
3.2 Variety selection
Long pepper No. 10 was selected.
3.3 Seedling raising
3.3.1 Chilli seed treatment
This part is the same as embodiment 1, and thus the specific content of this part is omitted.
3.3.2 Sowing seeds
This part is the same as embodiment 1, and thus the specific content of this part is omitted.
3.3.3 Seedling management
This part is the same as embodiment 1, and thus the specific content of this part is omitted.
3.4 Disinfection
3.4.1 Cultivation substrate disinfection
Before field planting, 10 percent d is irrigated and treated with 50 percent of wettable powder of chlorobromoisocyanuric acid 1000 g per mu.
3.4.2 greenhouse sterilization
After the irrigation of the culture medium is finished, placing a mixture of sulfur, dichlorvos and sawdust which are uniformly mixed in advance (3.0 g of sulfur powder, 0.15 g of 80% dichlorvos emulsifiable concentrate, 4.0 g of sawdust and 0.8 ml of alcohol are uniformly mixed in each cubic meter of space) on a pavement from outside to inside, placing a stack at intervals of 5 m, sequentially igniting 1 h before the black day from inside to outside, sealing a greenhouse, blowing air after sealing the greenhouse by 7 d, and planting after 2-3 d.
3.5 Planting
This part is the same as embodiment 1, and thus the specific content of this part is omitted.
3.6 Field management
3.6.1 Temperature management
This part is the same as embodiment 1, and thus the specific content of this part is omitted.
3.6.2 Illumination management
This part is the same as embodiment 1, and thus the specific content of this part is omitted.
3.6.3 Moisture management
This part is the same as embodiment 3, and thus the specific content of this part is omitted.
3.6.4 Nutrient management
This part is the same as embodiment 1, and thus the specific content of this part is omitted.
3.6.5 Plant adjustment
This part is the same as embodiment 1, and thus the specific content of this part is omitted.
3.7 Pest control
This part is the same as embodiment 1, and thus the specific content of this part is omitted.
3.8 Harvesting
This part is the same as embodiment 1, and thus the specific content of this part is omitted.
Example 7
In the following experiments, the test methods for each index were as follows:
1. determination of growth indicators
After the field planting, 5 plants are randomly selected, and the plant heights (the distance from the stem base to the growing point is measured by a tape measure) and the stem thicknesses (the stem diameter of the stem base at 5 cm parts from the ground are measured by a digital vernier caliper) of the pepper plants are tracked and investigated in the seedling stage, the initial flowering stage, the initial fruit stage, the full bearing stage and the seedling stage.
2. Determination of fruit Properties
Selecting pepper fruits reaching commodity properties in the pepper period and the four-parent bucket period, and weighing single peppers; 5 pieces of commercial peppers were randomly selected, and the fruit length (measured by a ruler) and the fruit shoulder width (measured by a digital vernier caliper at the thickest position) were measured.
3. Determination of fruit quality and yield
The edible part of the soluble sugar, nitrate, soluble protein content, vc, soluble solids (Brix) and sugar ACID ratio of the edible part are measured by selecting mature pepper fruits in full bearing period, wherein the soluble sugar is measured by adopting an anthrone method, the nitrate is measured by adopting an ultraviolet spectrophotometry method, the soluble protein is measured by adopting a Coomassie brilliant blue method, the Vc is measured by adopting a 2, 6-dichloro indophenol method, and the Brix and sugar ACID ratio is measured by adopting a refractometer (PAL-BX/ACID F5, ATAGO, japan). And recording the harvesting quantity of each treatment cell by adopting a field weighing method, and summarizing and counting to obtain the total yield of each treatment cell after the harvesting is completed.
4. Determination of nutrient content
And respectively taking samples of different treatment matrixes before field planting, full bearing period and seedling pulling period, and air-drying, and determining the content of total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium by a Bao Shidan method, wherein the total nitrogen is determined by a perchloric acid-sulfuric acid digestion and distillation method, the total phosphorus is determined by a perchloric acid-sulfuric acid digestion and phosphorus aluminum blue colorimetric method, and the total potassium is determined by a perchloric acid-sulfuric acid digestion and flame photometer method. The total calcium content of different treatment matrixes and fruits is measured before field planting and during seedling pulling, and is measured by adopting a nitric acid microwave digestion-AAS method.
5. Investigation of occurrence of fruit navel rot
Investigation of the occurrence of fruit umbilical rot was performed when the pepper, p-pepper, si-tui-pi, and ba-feng-pepper were harvested.
The above indices were measured, and an average value was calculated.
The inventor of the application in 2018-2020, new green-reaching Gobi agricultural demonstration garden sunlight greenhouse (116 DEG 41'N,39 DEG 91' E, continental desert arid climate, annual average temperature 7.4 ℃ C., frost free period 150 d, precipitation 103 mm, latent evaporation 2000 mm, average elevation 1345 m), and screening out excellent pepper varieties suitable for solar greenhouse cultivation in gobi desert areas and meeting the target market demands and calcium fertilizer concentration and irrigation indexes sprayed on the leaf surfaces of the substrate groove cultivated peppers through researches on the adaptability, medium trace elements, water filling quantity and the like of the substrate groove cultivated peppers; the greenhouse and substrate disinfection method suitable for substrate cultivation of peppers in the gobi desert area of the river corridor is provided through investigation and analysis of the occurrence time, the incidence degree and the disease types of the peppers after the greenhouse and substrate disinfection.
1. 8 pepper varieties are introduced, 10 of local main cultivated varieties are used as a reference, field planting is carried out on the first year of 2018, the second year of 2018, the third year of 2018, the fourth year of 2, the fifth year of 2, the seedling pulling is carried out, the plant height and the stem thickness are investigated, and the fruit characters are investigated in the four-parent bucket period. Specific experimental procedure was performed as in example 3. The number 11 of the capsicum variety, which has high yield and good marketability and is suitable for solar greenhouse planting in the desert area of the area, is screened out through comprehensive analysis on the stress resistance, yield, quality and main characters of capsicum, and specific comparison data are shown in table 1.
2. Based on the conventional fertilization, calcium chloride with different concentrations is sprayed, and the conventional fertilization without calcium chloride is used as a control. Planting in 2018, 8 and 31 days, and pulling seedling in 2 and 15 days next year. The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are all used as topdressing, the topdressing is started when the budding of the capsicum is started, the topdressing is carried out by drip irrigation every 10 times d, and the primary flowering period is N-P 2 O 5 -K 2 O=1.12-0.16-0.98 kg/mu, N-P in initial fruiting period 2 O 5 -K 2 O=2.24-0.31-1.95 kg/mu, full bearing period N-P 2 O 5 -K 2 O=3.36-0.47-2.93 kg/mu. The concentration of the calcium chloride is set to be 4 gradients of 1 g/L, 2 g/L, 4 g/L and 8 g/L respectively. And (3) spraying calcium chloride on the leaf surfaces of the bud period to the expanding period of the star peppers of the zanthoxylum, wherein the spraying is carried out for 1 time every 10 d. Specific experimental procedure was performed as in example 4. Analysis of pepper growth indexes, nutrient content, yield quality and fruit umbilical rot incidence (BER) shows that the plant growth can be promoted, the yield can be improved, the fruit quality can be improved, and the fruit umbilical rot can be prevented and treated by spraying a proper amount of calcium fertilizer, wherein the treatment effect is optimal with the calcium chloride concentration of 4 g/L. The specific data are shown in Table 2.
3. Two treatment factors, namely the irrigation quantity and the growth period, were set for 10 treatments (Table 3). The irrigation quantity is provided with 3 gradients, and the growth period is divided into 4 stages. The variety of the tested capsicum is Long pepper No. 11; the saturated water content of the matrix is measured before the test, the water content of the matrix is measured for 1 time by using a TDR-150 portable soil moisture meter (manufactured by the American satellite company) every 2 days at 3:00-4:00 pm during the test, the irrigation amount is calculated according to the measured water content, and watering is carried out at 10:00-11:00 am on the 2 nd day, so that the water content of the matrix is kept within a treatment range. Seedling raising is carried out on the capsicum in 2019 in 7 months and 18 days, permanent planting is carried out in 8 months and 31 days, and seedling pulling is carried out in 2 months and 5 days next year. The specific experimental procedure was carried out as in example 5. And (5) watering thoroughly after field planting, and starting test treatment after seedling reviving is finished. Through comprehensive analysis of the growth indexes, the yield and the quality of the capsicum under different irrigation levels in different growth periods, the capsicum plants grow well under the treatment conditions that the water content of matrixes in the seedling period, the early flowering period, the early fruiting period and the full fruiting period is respectively 70% -80%, 50% -60%, 60% -70% and 70% -80% of the saturated water content, and compared with the treatment that the water content of matrixes in different growth periods is respectively 70% -80%, the yield is increased by 6.43%, the content of soluble sugar, the content of soluble protein and the content of Vc are respectively increased by 60.5%, 5.59% and 5.82%, and the nitrate content is reduced by 9.34%. The specific data are shown in Table 4.
4. Sterilization methods were tested for greenhouses and substrates for growing peppers in 2018-2020. 2 treatments were set in the same greenhouse, treatment 1: irrigating and treating the substrate by using 50% of tribromoisocyanuric acid wettable powder 1000 g/mu, and fumigating a mixture of sulfur, dichlorvos and sawdust; treatment 2 (control): the local greenhouse disinfection treatment method (using 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 2000 times liquid and 80% dichlorvos emulsifiable concentrate 1000 times liquid to uniformly spray greenhouse skeleton, wall body, ground and auxiliary facilities). Specific experimental procedure was performed as in example 6. The peppers were planted in the first year of 2018, the second year of 2019, the first year of 2019, the third year of 2019, the fourth year of 2019, the fifth year of 2020, the third year of 2020, the time of occurrence of the disease, the incidence rate after 10 d, the disease type and the like, and specific data are shown in tables 5 and 6. The result shows that after the hothouse and the substrate disinfected by the treatment 1 are planted with the peppers, the disease is treated for a longer time than the disease treated by the traditional method of the local hothouse, the disease development process is slowed down, and the disease development degree is reduced.
Finally, it should be noted that: the foregoing description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto, but it is to be understood that modifications and equivalents of some of the technical features described in the foregoing embodiments may be made by those skilled in the art, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A solar greenhouse pepper substrate groove cultivation method for a Gobi desert area in a Hexi corridor comprises the steps of cultivation groove manufacturing, cultivation substrate preparation, crop rotation arrangement, variety selection, seedling raising, disinfection, field planting, field management, pest control and harvesting, and is characterized in that: the variety specifically selects Long pepper No. 11 or Long pepper No. 10;
the field management comprises the steps of moisture management and nutrient management, wherein the moisture management specifically comprises the following steps: in the seedling stage, the primary flowering stage, the primary fruit stage and the full fruit stage of the capsicum, the mass water content of the matrix is respectively kept at 70% -80%, 50% -60%, 60% -70% and 70% -80% of the saturated water content of the matrix;
the nutrient management includes: spraying calcium chloride on the leaf surfaces of the bud period of the zanthoxylum schinifolium to the swelling period of the star-like zanthoxylum schinifolium, wherein the spraying concentration is 4 g/L, and the spraying is carried out for 1 time every 10 d;
the nutrient management includes: the bud of the capsicum starts to fertilize, the top dressing is carried out by drip irrigation for 1 time every 10 d, and the initial flowering period is N-P 2 O 5 -K 2 O=1.01-1.12-0.14-0.16-0.88-0.98 kg/mu, N-P in initial fruiting period 2 O 5 -K 2 O=2.02-2.24-0.28-0.31-1.76-1.95 kg/mu, full bearing period N-P 2 O 5 -K 2 O=3.02-3.36-0.42-0.47-2.63-2.93 kg/mu;
the sterilization comprises matrix sterilization and greenhouse sterilization, wherein the matrix sterilization specifically comprises the following steps: before field planting, drip irrigation treatment is carried out on the substrate by using 1000-1200 g/mu of 50% of wettable powder of chlorobromoisocyanuric acid;
The greenhouse disinfection specifically comprises the following steps: mixing sulfur, dichlorvos and sawdust, putting the mixture into a greenhouse, igniting the mixture, and sealing the greenhouse for canopy sealing; the mixture of sulfur, dichlorvos and sawdust is specifically as follows: 3.0-5.0 g of sulfur powder, 0.1-0.2 g of 80% dichlorvos emulsifiable concentrate, 3.0-5.0 g of saw dust and 0.5-1.0 ml of alcohol in each cubic meter space;
the cultivation groove is U-shaped, the width of the groove opening is 50-55 cm, the width of the groove bottom is 45-50 cm, the groove spacing is 70-75 cm, and the groove is inclined for 5 degrees from north to south; after the groove is built, paving a layer of plastic film on the bottom of the groove, paving a layer of cobblestone with the thickness of 4-6 cm on the film, paving a layer of woven bag on the film, and finally filling a cultivation substrate with the thickness of 20-24 cm in the groove;
the seedling raising comprises pepper seed treatment and seedling stage management; the pepper seed treatment specifically comprises the following steps: soaking pepper seeds in warm water, then soaking the seeds in 10% trisodium phosphate solution, and then accelerating germination; the seedling management specifically comprises the following steps: after sowing and before emergence of seedlings, the day temperature is 28-30 ℃ and the night temperature is not lower than 20 ℃; removing the film after 80% of seeds are sprouted, and reducing the day temperature to 20-25 ℃ and the night temperature to 15-18 ℃; the humidity of the substrate is kept above 70%, the surface of the substrate is kept moist, and the relative humidity of air is controlled below 70%; after sowing, 20. 20 d, adding 0.2% of monopotassium phosphate and 0.1% of urea into clear water, spraying for 1 time every 5: 5 d, and spraying for 2 times; hardening off seedlings 7-10 days before field planting;
The field management further comprises temperature management and illumination management, wherein the temperature management specifically comprises the following steps: closing a greenhouse after field planting, heating to carry out seedling reviving, wherein the room temperature is 28-30 ℃ in the daytime and 18-20 ℃ at night; the seedling is released after the seedling is slowly released, and the temperature is 24-25 ℃ in the daytime and 14-16 ℃ at night; four-stage temperature change management is adopted in the fruiting period, namely, the temperature is rapidly increased after the morning visible light, and the temperature is maintained at 25-30 ℃ and is not higher than 30 ℃ without ventilation; after 13:00 pm, the temperature is reduced to 20-23 ℃; maintaining the temperature at 18-20 ℃ in the first half of the night; the temperature is maintained at 14-16 ℃ in the latter half of the night;
the illumination management specifically comprises: shading light in noon 1-2 d after field planting, and hanging a reflective screen on the north side of a cultivation furrow when the indoor illumination intensity is insufficient from 12 months to 2 months of the next year; under the condition of temperature permission, uncovering the heat preservation quilt as early as possible; when the illumination is too strong in summer and autumn, the sunshade net is used for shading light properly.
2. The solar greenhouse pepper substrate trough culture method for the gobi desert area in the river corridor according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the cultivation substrate is a composite substrate prepared by taking local agricultural wastes as main raw materials, the raw materials comprise corn straw, cow dung, mushroom residues and slag, and the prepared volume ratio is that the corn straw: cow dung: mushroom residue: slag=2.5:2:2.5:3.
3. The solar greenhouse pepper substrate trough culture method for the gobi desert area in the river corridor according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the stubble arrangement comprises early spring stubble, autumn and winter stubble and overwintering stubble; the early spring stubble grows seedlings in the middle and upper 11 months, is planted in the middle 1 month next, is marketed in the next 3 months, and is pulled in the middle 6 months; seedling raising is carried out on autumn and winter stubbles in the middle ten days of 7 months, planting is carried out at the bottom of 8 months or at the beginning of 9 months, the autumn and winter stubbles are put on the market in the middle ten days of 11 months, and seedling pulling is carried out in the middle ten days of 2 months in the next year; the overwintering stubble grows seedlings in the upper ten days of 9 months, field planting is conducted in the lower ten days of 10 months, the seedlings are put on the market in the lower ten days of 12 months, and the seedlings are pulled in the middle ten days of 6 months of the next year.
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