CN104705067B - Asparagus is secondary to stay that the secondary epiphragma of stem is secondary to be taken off the film four seasons and adopt bamboo shoot cultural method - Google Patents
Asparagus is secondary to stay that the secondary epiphragma of stem is secondary to be taken off the film four seasons and adopt bamboo shoot cultural method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104705067B CN104705067B CN201510145673.0A CN201510145673A CN104705067B CN 104705067 B CN104705067 B CN 104705067B CN 201510145673 A CN201510145673 A CN 201510145673A CN 104705067 B CN104705067 B CN 104705067B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
- A01G13/0268—Mats or sheets, e.g. nets or fabrics
- A01G13/0275—Films
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/10—Asparagus
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Abstract
Stay that the secondary epiphragma of stem is secondary to be taken off the film four seasons and adopt bamboo shoot cultivation technique, i.e. first time mid-November epiphragma the invention discloses one kind is secondary, stay foster spring stubble mid-April, film is taken off for the first time mid-May；Mid-August second epiphragma, while staying foster autumn stubble, early September takes off film for the second time；Late December to late January adopts winter bamboo shoot, and early Febuary to early April adopts spring bamboo, adopts summer bamboo shoot mid-May to early August, and early September to early November adopts autumn bamboo shoot.By staying in two seasons, the secondary epiphragma of stem is secondary to be taken off the film four seasons and adopts bamboo shoot cultivation technique, is taken shelter from rain and is stayed foster mother's stem, can reduce the generation of stem wilt, improves asparagus spear quality, and bamboo shoot are adopted ahead of time, extends picking time, and asparagus year-round supply is realized substantially, has reached the purpose of increasing both production and income.
Description
(1) technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of asparagus cultivation method, and in particular to asparagus is secondary to stay that the secondary epiphragma of stem is secondary to be taken off the film four seasons and adopt
The cultural method of bamboo shoot, be in asparagus whole course covering, twice stem keeping and thrice picking cultural method (ZL 2,006 1 0052428.6) and
A kind of cultural method improved on the basis of open field culture method.
(2) background technology
Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) scientific name asparagus, is Liliaceae Asparagus perennial root grass
This plant, it is edible as vegetables using the tender stem of pumping, it is a kind of vegetables with nutrition, edible and medical value, in the world
The laudatory title of " kings of vegetables " is enjoyed, domestic and international market has a high potential.
Asparagus is typically planted using the method for conventional outdoor cropping or greenhouse Wheat straw mulching.The weather bar of southern area
Part warm and moist, summer high temperature is rainy, adds annual plum rain season, and these all provide strong condition for the propagation of germ,
Thus outdoor cropping and stem wilt occurs more serious when foster mother's stem is stayed on open country, can cause plant withered when serious.Preventing and treating
The conventional method of asparagus disease is to apply a large amount of agricultural chemicals, can so cause tender stem residues of pesticides to aggravate, and has a strong impact on Quality of asparagus.
In the greenhouse Wheat straw mulching plantation of two season of summer and autumn, day and night temperature diminishes, and nutrient accumulation is reduced, and Quality of asparagus is deteriorated；Translucency reduction,
Air flow is slow, photosynthesis reduction；Temperature of shed is high, and soil moisture additional issue is fast, causes soil salt to accumulate；Greenhouse is whole
Covering can cause summer temp too high, cause metabolic disturbance, and the fall temperature degree of bias, asparagus is later into rest period.
(3) content of the invention
The object of the invention is directed to problem present in asparagus outdoor cropping and greenhouse Wheat straw mulching cultural method, works out
A kind of asparagus is secondary to stay that the secondary epiphragma of stem is secondary to be taken off the film four seasons and adopt bamboo shoot cultural method, and this cultivation technique prolongs asparagus collecting time
Long, rest period shifts to an earlier date, and yield increases, and quality enhancing, disease mitigates, and substantially increases the factor of merit and yield of asparagus, increases
The economic benefit of asparagus is added, while also protecting ecological environment.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention is：
The present invention provides that a kind of asparagus is secondary to stay that the secondary epiphragma of stem is secondary to be taken off the film four seasons and adopt bamboo shoot cultural method, is planted using greenhouse
Training, the asparagus after seeding and seedling raising is colonized, and methods described is：
1) secondary epiphragma, i.e. mid-November to next year mid-May are first time tectorial membrane time, and mid-August to early September is
Second tectorial membrane time；Traditional asparagus land cultivation technique is changed, the picking time of asparagus is extended, yield is improve,
Asparagus stays rain shelter cultivation during stem, can mitigate the generation of disease；
2) it is secondary to take off film, i.e., take off film in mid-May and early September respectively；Change greenhouse Wheat straw mulching asparagus cultivation skill
Art；During cultivating, asparagus mother's outdoor growth of stem can improve translucency, strengthen the efficiency of light energy utilization, while summer can be prevented high
The side effect (water metabolism imbalance, noxious material accumulation, material biosynthesis block etc.) that temperate zone is come, autumn can enter dormancy ahead of time
Phase, and then clear garden and epiphragma in advance, and bamboo shoot are adopted in advance；
3) secondary to stay the stem four seasons to adopt bamboo shoot, i.e., late January late December to next year adopts winter bamboo shoot, early Febuary to early April then
Spring bamboo is adopted, selects mid-April the thick spring stubble in 1cm of stem to stay foster, adopt summer bamboo shoot, selection mid-August mid-May to early August
The thick autumn stubble in 0.8cm of stem stays foster, and early September to mid-November adopts autumn bamboo shoot；
4) rich water quality management, carries out clear garden, soil disinfection after the harvesting of spring bamboo, summer bamboo shoot and autumn bamboo shoot terminates respectively, then uses
Ditch spread mode applies decomposed manure (become thoroughly decomposed pig manure) and NPK；Simultaneously in June, July and by the end of September to adopting at the beginning of 10 months
NPK is imposed with the mode applied is poured；The NPK is the composite fertilizer of middle beautification world Fei Ye Co., Ltds production
Material, N, P2O5、K2The mass fraction of O is respectively 15%, 15%, 15%, and total nutrient is more than 45%；Asparagus growth period is drought-enduring
Intolerant to waterlogging, keeps noting draining during ground moistening, summer rainfall during bamboo shoot are adopted, and prevents rotten of high temperature；
5) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：On the basis of three Ci Qing gardens, soil disinfection, foster mother's stem, the female stem of spraying is stayed to prevent using taking shelter from rain
Disease is controlled, insect is catched and killed using trapping lamp or sex attractant.
Further, step 1) twice during epiphragma, mid-March late November to next year adds a cover small again in the greenhouse built
Shed, late March to lid awning film mid-May, it is 25-30 DEG C to keep going out bamboo shoot temperature daytime, and nocturnal temperature is 15-20 DEG C；8
The middle of the month to early September caping film, removes skirt film, keeps ventilation in canopy.
Further, the asparagus after seeding and seedling raising, first by soil deep tillage 30cm, then applies the pig manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed for every mu before field planting
1200kg, NPK 20kg, and loam is well mixed, select 20cm high, stem number to enter in the healthy seedling of 3-4 bars or more
Row field planting, when growing way is too high, cuts off top, and line-spacing is 1.5m during field planting, and spacing in the rows is 25cm, and transplanting depth is 8cm, is poured after field planting
A foot water living.
Further, step 3) asparagus stays the method for foster mother's stem to be：Planting asparagus First Year is not harvested, and is not pinched, and is allowed
It grows naturally, and Second Year starts harvesting and stays foster mother's stem, biennial spring stubble to stay foster 2-3 roots, and foster 3-4 roots, 4 years are stayed in life in 3 years
And stay foster 5-6 roots, autumn stubble Second Year to start every plant and stay foster 10-15 roots above；Asparagus growing height is in good time in 1-1.5m
Pinching is pinched, bracing wire built of driving piles, it is ensured that plant non-lodging.
Further, step 4) the clear garden, fertilizing method be：Heavy dressing decomposed manure is wanted behind the clear garden of asparagus, summer, autumn bamboo shoot are adopted
Composite fertilizer is imposed during receipts：Decomposed manure 1000kg/ mus, NPK 20kg/ mus is applied behind April clear garden；6th, July is each
Impose one time NPK 15kg/ mus；Decomposed manure 800kg/ mus, NPK 10kg/ mus is applied behind 8Yue Fenqing gardens；9
Imposed at the beginning of 10 months the end of month one time NPK 15kg/ mus；Decomposed manure 2000kg/ mus is applied behind November clear garden, ternary is multiple
Hefei 30kg/ mus.
Further, step 5) pest control method is：Foster mother's stem, female stem is stayed to stay during supporting and use matter using taking shelter from rain
600 times of liquid of amount 70% thiophanate methyl wettable powder of fraction, the Difenoconazole of mass fraction 10%, mass fraction 50%
The blue or green spraying of 600 times of liquid of carbendazol wettable powder, the Haolike SC of mass fraction 43% or the asparagus of mass fraction 40% is female
Stem controlling disease；Asparagus growth period sprinkling 3500 times of liquid of safety hit missible oil of mass fraction 15%, mass fraction 10% are eliminated
The imidacloprid wettable powder 2500- of 1000 times of the dish happiness suspending agent of suspending agent or mass fraction 2.5% or mass fraction 10%
3000 times of liquid pest controls, while staying foster or asparagus growth period to use porcelain figurines trapping lamp, frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp, noctuid in female stem
Class trapper, sex attractant or the yellow plate of suspension catch and kill insect.
Further, step 4) the clear garden, sterilization method be：Clear garden is carried out after the harvesting of spring bamboo, summer bamboo shoot and autumn bamboo shoot terminates
When, thoroughly remove diseased plant, residual branch and carried out disinfection with quick lime, Bravo, every square metre is applied calcium lime powder 35g, quality point
The Bravo 1g of number 45%.
Further, step 4) the ditch spread mode applies decomposed manure and the method for NPK is：In two row asparagus
About 20 centimeters wide 10 centimeters of deep ditches are opened in centre, and fertilizer is applied in ditch, then cover 2 centimeters of soil.
Further, when tender stem highly reaches 35cm, harvested by the way of knife is cut or hand is directly pulled out, after harvesting will and
When be placed on shady place prevent wilt.
Asparagus incidence of disease authentication method is：In Glan moral asparagus cultivation Second Year, using greenhouse Wheat straw mulching, this invented party
Method, three kinds of method plantations of outdoor cropping, every kind of method plants 3 cells, per cell 100m2, foster mother's stem is stayed within 12nd in August, manage
Reason method is identical, and incidence was investigated in October 20.The incidence of disease=morbidity stem number/total stem number
Asparagus picking time and Yield test method：In Glan moral asparagus cultivation Second Year, using greenhouse Wheat straw mulching, this hair
Bright method, three kinds of method plantations of outdoor cropping, every kind of method plants 3 cells, per cell 100m2, picking time is asparagus extraction
Tender stem strain number counts number of days at 10% or so, and yield is annual production and to be converted into every per mu yield in cell.
Asparagus spear quality identification method：In Glan moral asparagus cultivation Second Year, using greenhouse Wheat straw mulching, this invented party
Method, three kinds of method plantations of outdoor cropping, every kind of method plants 3 cells, per cell 100m2, it is long in megathermal period in July asparagus spear
Its color is investigated during to 35 centimeters, head rate is dissipated, whether is bent.
Percentage concentration of the present invention is not particularly illustrated and is mass fraction.
Compared with prior art, asparagus of the present invention is secondary stays that the secondary epiphragma of stem is secondary to be taken off the film four seasons to adopt bamboo shoot cultural method beneficial
Effect is mainly reflected in：First time mid-November epiphragma, stays foster spring stubble mid-April, and film is taken off for the first time mid-May；In August
Ten days second epiphragma, while staying foster autumn stubble, early September takes off film for the second time；Late December to late January adopts winter bamboo shoot, early Febuary
Spring bamboo is adopted to early April, summer bamboo shoot are adopted mid-May to early August, early September to early November adopts autumn bamboo shoot.Asparagus winter epiphragma,
Asparagus growth temperature can be improved, bamboo shoot are adopted in advance；Epiphragma stays foster mother's stem, it is ensured that asparagus stays and taken shelter from rain during stem growth, treats asparagus wood
Awning film is thrown off after matter, can infecting from germ, the reduction asparagus incidence of disease；The outdoor growth during adopting bamboo shoot of asparagus summer and autumn, can
Increase translucency, air flow property and day and night temperature, strengthen the efficiency of light energy utilization and metabolism, improve Quality of asparagus, increase reed
Bamboo shoot nutrient accumulation, improves Yield of Asparagus, and the side effect that high temperature brought can be also avoided in summer, such as asparagus growth curvature, dissipate head,
Albumen biosynthesis block, in the fall Later growth due to temperature it is relatively low, asparagus can also ahead of time enter dormancy.Stay stem secondary by two seasons
Epiphragma is secondary to be taken off the film four seasons and adopts bamboo shoot cultivation technique, is taken shelter from rain and is stayed foster mother's stem, can reduce the generation of stem wilt, improves asparagus spear product
Matter, adopts bamboo shoot ahead of time, extends picking time, and asparagus year-round supply is realized substantially, has reached the purpose of increasing both production and income.
(4) illustrate
Fig. 1 is asparagus greenhouse schematic diagram, i.e. a is to add a cover Small plastic shed in next month in March mid-November to next year hypothermic phase greenhouse,
Lid awning film when b is late March to spring mid-April high temperature, c stays foster mother's stem to take shelter from rain, and d is the outdoor life of summer and autumn asparagus
It is long.
Fig. 2 is that the inventive method is contrasted with greenhouse Wheat straw mulching asparagus spear quality, and a is outdoor growth asparagus spear figure, b
Asparagus spear figure during for greenhouse Wheat straw mulching.
(5) specific embodiment
With reference to specific embodiment, the present invention is described further, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited in
This：
The present invention is improved to facility cultivation, is no longer the cultivation that the conventional asparagus four seasons grow all under open-air atmosphere
Method, is also no longer asparagus whole course covering, twice stem keeping and thrice picking cultural method (patent No. ZL 2,006 1 0052428.6)
In facility cultivation method, but combine advantage and asparagus the characteristic in itself of the outdoor cultivation of asparagus and facility cultivation, Winter-Spring
Season greenhouse cultivation, summer and autumn outdoor cropping takes shelter from rain and stays a kind of cultural method of foster mother's stem.
Embodiment 1 is by taking spring seeding and seedling raising as an example
First, high-quality seedling is cultivated
On April 7th, 2013 shines to 2 days seed, and seed is invaded bubble 3 days by April 9th, 2013 in 30 DEG C of warm water, daily
A clear water is changed, seed is often hand-laundered, on April 12nd, 2013, after seed suctions moisture, taking-up is fitted into gauze, puts
Incubated 4 days in 28 DEG C of seed culture case, at this moment seed about more than 20% shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally.
By vegetable garden soil：Organic fertilizer：Ridge chaff ash=5:1:3 ratio mixes to form seedling medium, then in every kilogram of matrix
Addition composite organic-inorganic fertilizer (N:P2O5:K2O=12:5:13) 0.1kg and carbendazim (50% wettable powder) 0.5g, sieving
It is standby in nutritive cube.
Nutritive cube is poured permeable before sowing, then asparagus seeds is broadcast in nutritive cube, per one seed of alms bowl, then covered
(fertile vegetable garden soil contains N1.13g, containing P to Nutrition Soil after about 2cm in every kilogram of dry ground2O50.42g, containing K2O0.54g), seek
The upper film of tiling on alms bowl is supported, matrix moistening is kept, treats that the neat after seedling of asparagus throws off film, pour a water with watering can daily, keep seedling
Bed moistening, after 1-2 piece leaves, a foliar fertilizer was sprayed every 10 days -- 0.2% Diammonium phosphate (DAP).Asparagus nursery is entered in greenhouse
Capable, day temperature is that night temperatures are at 15-20 DEG C or so at 25-30 DEG C or so, if temperature is too high, is aerated cooling.
2nd, transplant
Transplant field be typically chosen deep soil layer, fertile soil, rich in the good husky earth of organic matter, loose ventilation, irrigation and drainage
Soil, pH value is 6.5 or so.By soil deep tillage 30cm before transplanting, then the pig manure 1200kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed, NPK (N are applied for every mu:
P2O5:K2O=15:15:15) 20kg, and loam is well mixed.
On June 7th, 2013,20cm high, stem number is selected to be colonized in the healthy seedling of 3-4 bars or more, when growing way is too high,
Cut off top.Line-spacing is generally 1.5m during field planting, and spacing in the rows is 25cm, and transplanting depth is 8cm, and a water living is poured after field planting.
Carry out pinching when First Year asparagus grows to 1.5m to pinch, to promote root system to develop.During August in 2013 20 days or so,
Dig about wide 20 centimeters in the middle of the row of asparagus two, deep 10 centimeters of ditch, by every mu of decomposed manure of 1000kg (by deadwood, rotten
Leaf, stalk, pig manure etc. mix fermentation, then sterilized) apply in ditch, cover the soil after 2cm, First Year does not adopt bamboo shoot, no
Stem is pulled out, greenhouse is not built, asparagus cane is pulled out until in November, 2013 No. 6 or so, greenhouse is built and is applied fertilizer.
3rd, field management
1st, the secondary epiphragma of greenhouse is secondary takes off film
Steel tube greenhouse is built after the clear garden of the asparagus of November 7, fertilising, soil disinfection in 2013, the extension of greenhouse north and south is risen
2.5m, 1.5 meters of shoulder height is wide 6 meters, depending on length is because of field.The lid awning film of on November 16th, 2013, due to Zhejiang Province's winter temperature
Relatively low, on November 20th, 2013 builds Small plastic shed again in greenhouse, and greenhouse is closed, and such asparagus day temperature control is in 25-30
DEG C, night temperatures are controlled at 15-20 DEG C.On March 22nd, 2014, outdoor temperature daytime is 20 DEG C, when night is 13 DEG C or so, is taken off
Small plastic shed film is removed, is only grown under awning film covering, if temperature of shed is more than 32 DEG C, canopy mouthful is opened and is aerated.Winter-spring season is adopted
Greenhouse epiphragma can improve asparagus growth temperature during bamboo shoot, during harvesting in advance, increasing both production and income.
Rainwater is to induce Asparagus Stem Blight, the Main Factors of the disease such as brown spot, and asparagus is taken shelter from rain and stays foster mother's stem can to reduce disease
Harmful generation, so as to reduce the usage amount of agricultural chemicals, makes asparagus spear non agricultural chemical residuum；It is certain that awning film is generally possible to reflection
Light, thus greenhouse gardening reduces relative to the sunshine that outdoor growth absorbs, and to enter time rest period too late autumn, and then makes
Adopt bamboo shoot time delay.Awning film covering, adopts outdoor growth during bamboo shoot when summer and autumn typically stay foster mother's stem.In April, 2014 No. 18 is clear
After garden is terminated, awning film is not opened also, starts to stay foster mother's stem, after No. 12 spring stubble whole lignifyings of in May, 2014, throws off greenhouse
Film, starts to pluck summer bamboo shoot；No. 8 summer bamboo shoot of in August, 2014 are plucked after terminating, and clear garden fertilising, No. 15 lid awning films of in August, 2014 are carried out
Foster mother's stem is stayed, more than awning film lid shoulder, other positions ventilation, September 5 in 2014 throws off awning film, and autumn bamboo shoot are plucked in dew
Carried out under ground environment, be continued until the end of day of November 6 in 2014, be recycled for clear garden, fertilising, epiphragma step.
2nd, it is secondary to stay the stem four seasons to adopt bamboo shoot
On December 22nd, 2013 starts to pluck winter bamboo shoot, is continued until that the spring bamboo of on April 14th, 2014 is plucked and terminates, Ran Houqing
Garden sterilization, on April 18th, 2014 starts to stay foster mother's stem, according to root disk size and thick the determining in more than 1cm of plantation year selection stem
Surely stay foster stem number, it is general it is biennial stay foster 2-3 roots, foster 3-4 roots are stayed in life in 3 years, and 4 years and the above stay foster 5-6 roots, and root disk is big
Suitably can stay, No. 12 asparagus mother's stem whole lignifyings of in May, 2014 more.In April, 2014 No. 12 (asparagus of No. 24 in Mays, 2014
Staying and can also adopt bamboo shoot during female stem) asparagus adopts bamboo shoot in Liu Mujing, and in May, 2014 No. 13 to 2014 on August 8, plucks the summer
Bamboo shoot, August in 2014 starts clear garden, sterilization, lid awning film on the 9th, and on August 15th, 2014, the selection stem thick autumn in more than 0.8cm is female
Stem starts to stay foster, according to every plant of root disk size foster 10-20 roots is stayed within more than 2 years, after the asparagus whole lignifyings on the 5th of September in 2014
Throw off awning film.Stay in the Augusts, 2014 of foster phase to start within 21st to adopt autumn bamboo shoot in autumn stubble, be continued until the left side of on November 6th, 2014
It is right.
Asparagus mother's stem is stayed supports and growth period easily lodges, therefore pinching is carried out when female stem length is to 1-1.5m beats
Top, and bracing wire built reinforcing of driving piles.Asparagus starts harvesting when typically growing to 35 centimeters, hand-lifting is cut with knife or used during harvesting.
3rd, three Ci Qing gardens and water and fertilizer management
One growth cycle of asparagus experiences three Ci Qing gardens, three basal dressings, three spraying fertilizers altogether.The reed of on November 6th, 2013
After bamboo shoot plant is withered and yellow, clear garden is carried out, thoroughly remove diseased plant, residual branch and carried out disinfection with quick lime, Bravo etc., every square metre
Using calcium lime powder 35g, 45% Bravo 1g.Decomposed manure 2000kg, NPK (middle beautification are applied after sterilization for every mu
The compound fertilizer of international Fei Ye Co., Ltds production, N, P2O5、K2The mass fraction of O is respectively 15%, 15%, 15%, total nutrient
More than 45%) 30kg, by the way of ditch spread, being then covered by awning film and Small plastic shed film carries out heating and heat preservation；In April, 2014
After No. 14 spring bamboo harvestings terminate, quick lime 35g/m is sprinkled2, and soil is disappeared with 2kg/ mus 40% of asparagus 600 times of liquid of green grass or young crops
Poison, then with ditch spread mode every mu apply decomposed manure 1000kg, NPK 20kg, 2 centimeters of blinding on fertilizer；6、7
Month is the summer bamboo shoot growth busy season, on June 13rd, 2014 and on July 13rd, 2014 respectively impose one time NPK 15kg/ mus, adopt
With pouring the mode applied；After the summer bamboo shoot harvesting on the 8th of August in 2014 terminates, female stem is extracted, remove sick, residual, withered stem branch, push root aside
Disk 2-3cm shines soil 1-2 days, and soil is carried out disinfection with 1.5kg/ mus of Bravo, and then applying to become thoroughly decomposed with every mu of ditch spread mode has
Machine fertilizer 1000kg, NPK 20kg, 2 centimeters of overlying soil；9th, October is the period of autumn bamboo shoot pumping, in October, 2014
NPK 15kg/ mus was imposed in time in 1st, by the way of pouring and applying.
Asparagus soil disinfection is usually that quick lime, Bravo, asparagus green grass or young crops etc. are mixed into sandy soil, is directly spread on soil surface；
Asparagus base manure will open about 20 centimeters wide 10 centimeters of deep ditches by the way of ditch spread in the middle of two row asparagus, and fertilizer is applied
Enter in ditch, then cover 2 centimeters of soil；Asparagus topdress be by the way of pouring and applying, will fertilizer it is soluble in water, then pour in reed
Bamboo shoot root.
Drought-enduring intolerant to waterlogging in asparagus growth course, should keep ground moistening during bamboo shoot are adopted, should be using drop when soil is too dry
Filling mode or small water flood irrigation mode；Summer easy precipitation, should carry out drainage works, prevent and treat rotten of high temperature.
4th, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
Because the diseases such as stem wilt, brown spot easily occur in the factors such as rainfall, hot humid when asparagus stays foster mother's stem.Typically
With 70% thiophanate methyl wettable powder, 600 times of liquid, 10% Difenoconazole, 50% carbendazol wettable powder 600
Times liquid, 43% Haolike SC are prevented and treated, and are not sprayed typically during adopting bamboo shoot, it is ensured that vegetables edible safety.
When noctuid class pest occurs in asparagus growth period, sprayable 15% 3500 times of liquid of safety hit missible oil, 10% are eliminated
Suspending agent or 2.5% 1000 times of preventing and treatings of dish happiness suspending agent, can also use frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp, nocturnal moth class trapper or sex inducement
Agent carries out trapping pests；When there is aphid thrips class pest, 10% 2500-3000 times of liquid of imidacloprid wettable powder can be sprayed
Or suspension yellow card's trap aphid.
4th, the harvesting of asparagus
Removed with hand-lifting when asparagus extracts 35 centimeters out, morning harvesting, to shady place after harvesting, a part ties up pin in time
Sell, a part of size classification is tied up, be placed in bubble chamber and cover clean wet cloth and be placed in Cool Room 4 DEG C, prevent wilting.
Embodiment 2 is with winter seeding and seedling raising
First, high-quality seedling is cultivated
On November 5th, 2012 shines to 2 days seed, and seed is invaded bubble 3 days by November 7th, 2012 in 30 DEG C of warm water, often
It changes a clear water, often hand-launders seed, and on November 9th, 2012, after seed suctions moisture, taking-up is fitted into gauze,
It is placed on 28 DEG C of seed culture case incubated 4 days, at this moment seed about more than 20% shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally.
By vegetable garden soil：Organic fertilizer：Ridge chaff ash=5:1:3 ratio mixes to form seedling medium, then in every kilogram of matrix
Addition composite organic-inorganic fertilizer (N:P:K=5：5：5) 0.1kg and 50% carbendazim 0.5g, sieving is standby in nutritive cube.
Nutritive cube is poured permeable before sowing, on November 14th, 2012 broadcasts in nutritive cube asparagus seeds, per one kind of alms bowl
Son, (fertile vegetable garden soil contains N1.13g, containing P in every kilogram of dry ground then to cover the Nutrition Soil after about 2cm2O50.42g, contains
K2O0.54g), tile upper film on nutritive cube, keeps matrix moistening, treats that the neat after seedling of asparagus throws off film, pours one with watering can daily
Secondary water, keeps seedbed moistening, after 1-2 piece leaves, a Diammonium phosphate (DAP) for foliar fertilizer 0.2% is sprayed every 10 days.Asparagus nursery is
Carried out in greenhouse, day temperature is that night temperatures are at 15-20 DEG C or so at 25-30 DEG C or so, if temperature is too high, is entered
Row is aeration-cooling.
2nd, transplant
Transplant field be typically chosen deep soil layer, fertile soil, rich in the good husky earth of organic matter, loose ventilation, irrigation and drainage
Soil, pH value is 6.5 or so.By soil deep tillage 30cm before transplanting, then the pig manure 1200kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed is applied for every mu, NPK (in
The compound fertilizer of beautification world Fei Ye Co., Ltds production, N, P2O5、K2The mass fraction of O is respectively 15%, 15%, 15%, always
Nutrient is more than 45%) 20kg, and loam is well mixed.
On March 3rd, 2013 starts to build steelframe booth, and 2.5m is risen in the extension of greenhouse north and south, and 1.5 meters of shoulder height is wide 6 meters, long
Depending on degree is because of field, awning film is covered on greenhouse.On March 9th, 2013, more than 20cm high, stem number are selected in 3-4 bars or more
Healthy seedling is colonized, and growing way is too high to cut off top.Line-spacing is generally 1.5m during field planting, and spacing in the rows is 25cm, and transplanting depth is
8cm, will pour a water living after field planting.Season asparagus is grown spring and summer naturally, and not bracing wire of not driving piles, asparagus is plucked when growing to 1.5m
The heart is pinched, to promote root system to develop.
3rd, field management
1st, the secondary epiphragma of greenhouse is secondary takes off film
Asparagus autumn starts to stay stem to adopt bamboo shoot, because rainwater is the Main Factors of the diseases such as induction stem wilt, brown spot, takes shelter from rain
Staying foster mother's stem can mitigate the generation of disease.Start after August is pulled out all Asparagus Plants on 8th within 2013 thoroughly clear garden, fertilising and
Soil disinfection.No. 15 lid awning films of in August, 2013 carry out staying foster mother's stem, and it is more than awning film lid shoulder, the ventilation of other positions,
September 5 in 2013 throws off awning film, and autumn bamboo shoot are plucked and carried out under open country environment, are continued until the end of day of November 6 in 2013.
On November 7th, 2013 start to extract it is all stay foster autumn stubble, and thoroughly clear garden, fertilising and sterilize, 2013 11
Month lid awning film on the 16th, because Zhejiang Province's winter temperature is relatively low, on November 20th, 2013 builds Small plastic shed, greenhouse again in greenhouse
Closed, at 25-30 DEG C, night temperatures are controlled at 15-20 DEG C for such asparagus day temperature control.On March 22nd, 2014, outdoor temp
Daytime is spent for 20 DEG C, when night is 13 DEG C or so, Small plastic shed film is thrown off, only grown under awning film covering, if temperature of shed is super
32 DEG C are crossed, canopy mouthful is opened and is aerated.Winter-spring season adopt bamboo shoot during greenhouse epiphragma can improve asparagus growth temperature, harvesting during carry
Before, increasing both production and income.The spring bamboo of on April 14th, 2014 is plucked and terminates the sterilization of Hou Qing gardens and apply fertilizer, and at this moment awning film is not opened also, is started
Foster spring stubble is stayed, after No. 12 spring stubble whole lignifyings of in May, 2014, awning film is thrown off, starts to pluck summer bamboo shoot, be continued until
The summer bamboo shoot on the 8th of August in 2014 are plucked and terminate, and are recycled for clear garden, fertilising, epiphragma step.
2nd, it is secondary to stay the stem four seasons to adopt bamboo shoot
On August 15th, 2013, the selection thick autumn stubble in more than 0.8cm of stem starts to stay foster, and according to root disk size, every plant is stayed
10-20 roots are supported, September throws off awning film on 5th after asparagus whole lignifying.The Augusts in 2013 for staying the foster phase in autumn stubble start on the 21st
Autumn bamboo shoot are adopted, 6 days or so November in 2013 is continued until.On November 7th, 2013 starts clear garden sterilization fertilising lid awning film, closed
Insulation.On December 22nd, 2013 starts to pluck winter bamboo shoot, is continued until that the spring bamboo of on April 14th, 2014 is plucked and terminates, then clear garden
Sterilization, on April 18th, 2014 starts to stay foster spring stubble, is slightly carried out in more than 1cm according to root disk size and plantation year selection stem
Stay foster, it is general it is biennial stay foster 2-3 roots, foster 3-4 roots are stayed in life in 3 years, and 4 years and the above stay foster 5-6 roots, root disk it is big can be appropriate
Stay, No. 12 asparagus mother's stem whole lignifyings of in May, 2014 more.No. 24 in Mays, 2014 No. 12 of in April, 2014 are (in Liu Mujing
Adopt the bamboo shoot stage) asparagus adopts bamboo shoot in Liu Mujing, and in May, 2014 No. 13 to 2014 on August 8, plucks summer bamboo shoot, on August 9th, 2014
Start clear garden disinfection cap awning film.
Asparagus mother's stem is stayed supports and growth period easily lodges, therefore pinching is carried out when female stem length is to 1-1.5m beats
Top, and bracing wire built reinforcing of driving piles.Asparagus starts harvesting when typically growing to 35 centimeters, hand-lifting is cut with knife or used during harvesting.
3rd, three Ci Qing gardens and water and fertilizer management
One growth cycle of asparagus experiences three Ci Qing gardens, three basal dressings, three spraying fertilizers altogether.August starts on the 8th within 2013
Asparagus cane is extracted, thoroughly clear garden, remove sick, residual, withered stem branch, then pushed root disk 2-3cm aside and shine soil 2 days, then used
1.5kg/ mus of Bravo carries out disinfection to soil, then with ditch spread mode every mu apply decomposed manure 1000kg, tri compound
Fertile 20kg, 2 centimeters of overlying soil；9th, October is autumn Shoot yield peak period, and NPK was imposed in time on October 1
15kg/ mus, by the way of pouring and applying；After the harvesting of the autumn bamboo shoot of on November 6th, 2013 terminates, female stem is withered and yellow, carries out clear garden, thoroughly removes
Diseased plant, residual branch are simultaneously carried out disinfection with quick lime, Bravo, and every square metre is applied calcium lime powder 35g, 45% Bravo 1g, is disappeared
Decomposed manure 2000kg, NPK 30kg are applied after poison for every mu, by the way of ditch spread, be then covered by awning film and small arch
Canopy film carries out heating and heat preservation；After No. 14 spring bamboo harvestings of in April, 2014 terminate, quick lime 35g/m is sprinkled2, and with 2kg/ mus 40%
Asparagus green grass or young crops 600 times of liquid soil is carried out disinfection, then with ditch spread mode every mu apply decomposed manure 1000kg, NPK
20kg；6th, July is the summer bamboo shoot growth busy season, and on June 13rd, 2014 and on July 13rd, 2014 respectively impose a NPK
15kg/ mus, by the way of pouring and applying.
Asparagus soil disinfection is usually that quick lime, Bravo, asparagus green grass or young crops etc. are mixed into sandy soil, is directly spread on soil surface；
Asparagus base manure will open about 20 centimeters wide 10 centimeters of deep ditches by the way of ditch spread in the middle of two row asparagus, and fertilizer is applied
Enter in ditch, then cover 2 centimeters of soil；Asparagus topdress be by the way of pouring and applying, will fertilizer it is soluble in water, then pour in reed
Bamboo shoot root.
Drought-enduring intolerant to waterlogging in asparagus growth course, should keep ground moistening during bamboo shoot are adopted, should be using drop when soil is too dry
Filling mode or small water flood irrigation mode；Summer easy precipitation, should carry out drainage works, prevent and treat rotten of high temperature.
4th, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
Because the diseases such as stem wilt, brown spot easily occur in the factors such as rainfall, hot humid when asparagus stays foster mother's stem.Typically
With 70% thiophanate methyl wettable powder, 600 times of liquid, 10% Difenoconazole, 50% carbendazol wettable powder 600
Times liquid, 43% Haolike SC are prevented and treated, and are not sprayed typically during adopting bamboo shoot, it is ensured that vegetables edible safety.
When noctuid class pest occurs in asparagus growth period, sprayable 15% 3500 times of liquid of safety hit missible oil, 10% are eliminated
Suspending agent or 2.5% 1000 times of preventing and treatings of dish happiness suspending agent, can also use frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp, nocturnal moth class trapper or sex inducement
Agent carries out trapping pests；When there is aphid thrips class pest, 10% 2500-3000 times of liquid of imidacloprid wettable powder can be sprayed
Or suspension yellow card's trap aphid.
4th, the harvesting of asparagus
Removed with hand-lifting when asparagus extracts 35 centimeters out, morning harvesting, to shady place after harvesting, a part ties up pin in time
Sell, a part of size classification is tied up, be placed in bubble chamber and cover clean wet cloth and be placed in Cool Room 4 DEG C, prevent wilting.
Embodiment 3 (the inventive method and open country plantation, greenhouse Wheat straw mulching plantation contrast test)
Test site：Experiment is located at Hangzhou Jiahui Agricultural Development Co., Ltd. asparagus base
Test period：2013-2014
Experimental design：
1) the inventive method respectively sets 3 repetitions with open country plantation, the plantation of greenhouse Wheat straw mulching, and each repeats 100m2。
2) the inventive method is using the method with embodiment 1
3) outdoor plantation：Nursery, transplanting, it is secondary stay stem time and method, the fertilising of clear garden, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, harvesting with it is real
Apply example 1 identical, greenhouse grows all under open-air condition throughout the year, not epiphragma.
4) greenhouse Wheat straw mulching plantation：Nursery is same as Example 1, and steel tube greenhouse is built during transplanting, and greenhouse north and south extends,
2.5m is risen, 1.5 meters of shoulder height is wide 6 meters, depending on length is because of field, a caping film not lid skirt film, other First Years management is identical.
It is secondary to stay stem time and method, the fertilising of clear garden, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, harvest same as Example 1, plastic house method and embodiment
1 is different.After the clear garden of the asparagus of November 7, fertilising, soil disinfection in 2013.The lid awning film of November 16, November 20 is in greenhouse
Small plastic shed is built again, greenhouse is closed, at 25-30 DEG C, night temperatures are controlled at 15-20 DEG C for such asparagus day temperature control.
On March 22nd, 2014, outdoor temperature daytime is 20 DEG C, when night is 13 DEG C or so, throws off Small plastic shed film, only in awning film covering
Lower growth, if temperature of shed is more than 32 DEG C, canopy mouthful is opened and is aerated.April No. 18 clear garden terminate after, start to stay foster mother's stem, May
No. 12 are removed asparagus skirt film, and a caping film is aerated, and are continued until that the autumn bamboo shoot of November 6 are plucked and are terminated.
The inventive method is with outdoor plantation, the plantation of greenhouse Wheat straw mulching to such as shown in table 1, table 2, Fig. 2.The incidence of disease of table 1
For on October 10th, 2014 counts, picking time starts the date for harvesting in cell 20% asparagus spear, and yield is in cell
Average product be converted into mu again.
When table 2 is that on July 17th, 2014 to July 22, asparagus grew to 35 centimeters, asparagus spear quality in cell.
Fig. 2 is that the inventive method is contrasted with greenhouse Wheat straw mulching asparagus spear quality.
Table 1,3 kind of cultural method compare
| Cultural method | The incidence of disease | Picking time (my god) | Yield (kg/ mus) |
| Greenhouse Wheat straw mulching is cultivated | 3.7% | 270 | 3320 |
| Cultivated using the present invention | 3.5% | 300 | 3560 |
| Outdoor cropping | 17.2% | 200 | 2540 |
Table 2,3 kind of cultural method tender stem quality preservation
| Cultural method | Color | Dissipate head rate | Outward appearance |
| Greenhouse Wheat straw mulching is cultivated | Bright yellow | 43% | Bending |
| Cultivated using the present invention | Peak green | 2.1% | Straight |
| Outdoor cropping | Peak green | 2.2% | Straight |
Claims (7)
1. asparagus is secondary stays that the secondary epiphragma of stem is secondary to be taken off the film four seasons and adopt bamboo shoot cultural method, using greenhouse cultivation, after seeding and seedling raising
Asparagus is colonized, it is characterised in that methods described is：
1）Secondary epiphragma, i.e., mid-May mid-November to next year is first time tectorial membrane time then, and mid-August to early September is
Second tectorial membrane time；Twice during epiphragma, mid-March late November to next year adds a cover Small plastic shed, 3 again in the greenhouse built
Month last ten-days period to mid-May lid awning film, it is 25-30 DEG C to keep going out bamboo shoot temperature daytime, and nocturnal temperature is 15-20 DEG C；Mid-August
To early September caping film, skirt film is removed, keep ventilation in canopy；
2）It is secondary to take off film, i.e., take off film in mid-May and early September respectively；
3）Secondary to stay the stem four seasons to adopt bamboo shoot, i.e., late January late December to next year adopts winter bamboo shoot then, and early Febuary to early April adopts the spring
Bamboo shoot, select the thick spring stubble in 1cm of stem to stay foster mid-April, adopt summer bamboo shoot mid-May to early August, select mid-August stem thick
Autumn stubble more than 0.8cm stays foster, and early September to mid-November adopts autumn bamboo shoot；
4）Rich water quality management, carries out clear garden, soil disinfection, then using ditch spread after the harvesting of spring bamboo, summer bamboo shoot and autumn bamboo shoot terminates respectively
Mode applies decomposed manure and NPK；Simultaneously June, July and by the end of September at the beginning of 10 months using pour apply by the way of impose
NPK；N, P in the NPK2O5、K2O mass fractions are respectively 15%, 15%, 15%；
5）The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：On the basis of three Ci Qing gardens, soil disinfection, foster mother's stem is stayed using taking shelter from rain, the female stem of spraying is anti-to cure the disease
Evil, insect is catched and killed using trapping lamp or sex attractant.
2. asparagus as claimed in claim 1 is secondary stays that the secondary epiphragma of stem is secondary to be taken off the film four seasons and adopt bamboo shoot cultural method, it is characterised in that
Asparagus after seeding and seedling raising, first by soil deep tillage 30cm, then applies become thoroughly decomposed pig manure 1200kg, tri compound for every mu before field planting
Fertile 20kg, and loam is well mixed, select 20cm high, stem number to be colonized in the healthy seedling of 3-4 bars, when growing way is too high, cut
Top is gone to, line-spacing is 1.5m during field planting, and spacing in the rows is 25cm, and transplanting depth is 8cm, a water living is poured after field planting.
3. asparagus as claimed in claim 1 is secondary stays that the secondary epiphragma of stem is secondary to be taken off the film four seasons and adopt bamboo shoot cultural method, it is characterised in that
Step 3）Asparagus stays the method for foster mother's stem to be：Planting asparagus First Year is not harvested, and is not pinched, and allows it to grow naturally, and Second Year is opened
Beginning harvesting stays foster mother's stem, biennial spring stubble to stay foster 2-3 roots, and foster 3-4 roots are stayed in life in 3 years, and 4 years and the above stay foster 5-6 roots, and the autumn is female
Stem Second Year starts every plant and stays foster 10-15 roots；Asparagus growing height wants in good time pinching to pinch in 1-1.5m, and piling bracing wire is taken
Frame, it is ensured that plant non-lodging.
4. asparagus as claimed in claim 1 is secondary stays that the secondary epiphragma of stem is secondary to be taken off the film four seasons and adopt bamboo shoot cultural method, it is characterised in that
Step 4）Clear garden, fertilizing method are：Heavy dressing decomposed manure is wanted behind the clear garden of asparagus, summer, autumn bamboo shoot impose tri compound during harvesting
Fertilizer：Decomposed manure 1000kg/ mus, NPK 20kg/ mus is applied behind April clear garden；6th, July respectively impose ternary and answer
Hefei 15kg/ mus；Decomposed manure 800kg/ mus, NPK 10kg/ mus is applied behind 8Yue Fenqing gardens；Imposed at the beginning of 10 months by the end of September
One time NPK 15kg/ mus；Decomposed manure 2000kg/ mus, NPK 30kg/ mus is applied behind November clear garden.
5. asparagus as claimed in claim 1 is secondary stays that the secondary epiphragma of stem is secondary to be taken off the film four seasons and adopt bamboo shoot cultural method, it is characterised in that
Step 5）The pest control method is：Foster mother's stem is stayed using taking shelter from rain, female stem is stayed can using 70% thiophanate methyl during supporting
600 times of liquid of WP, the Difenoconazole of mass fraction 10%, 600 times of 50% carbendazol wettable powder of mass fraction
The female stem controlling disease of the blue or green spraying of liquid, the Haolike SC of mass fraction 43% or the asparagus of mass fraction 40%；Asparagus growth period
Spray 3500 times of liquid of safety hit missible oil, the dish happiness for eliminating suspending agent or mass fraction 2.5% of mass fraction 10% of mass fraction 15%
2500-3000 times of liquid pest control of imidacloprid wettable powder of 1000 times of suspending agent or mass fraction 10%, while being stayed in female stem
Support or asparagus growth period is caught using porcelain figurines trapping lamp, frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp, nocturnal moth class trapper, sex attractant or the yellow plate of suspension
Murder worm.
6. asparagus as claimed in claim 1 is secondary stays that the secondary epiphragma of stem is secondary to be taken off the film four seasons and adopt bamboo shoot cultural method, it is characterised in that
Step 4）Clear garden, sterilization method are：Spring bamboo, summer bamboo shoot and autumn bamboo shoot pluck terminate after carry out clear garden when, thoroughly remove diseased plant, residual
Branch, and carried out disinfection with quick lime, Bravo, every square metre is applied calcium lime powder 35g, the Bravo 1g of mass fraction 45%.
7. asparagus as claimed in claim 1 is secondary stays that the secondary epiphragma of stem is secondary to be taken off the film four seasons and adopt bamboo shoot cultural method, it is characterised in that
Step 4）The ditch spread mode applies decomposed manure and the method for NPK is：20 centimeters wide by 10 are opened in the middle of two row asparagus
The deep ditch of centimetre, fertilizer is applied in ditch, then covers 2 centimeters of soil.
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| CN107980426A (en) * | 2017-12-07 | 2018-05-04 | 黑龙江省农垦科学院 | A kind of northern cold area raising rice seedlings canopy keeps the temperature method for increasing temperature |
| CN108718950A (en) * | 2018-05-31 | 2018-11-02 | 杭州佳惠农业开发有限公司 | The asparagus sun-roof epiphragma four seasons adopt bamboo shoot cultural method |
| CN108990725A (en) * | 2018-07-05 | 2018-12-14 | 麻城市正旺芦笋食品股份有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of asparagus |
| CN109924077A (en) * | 2019-03-22 | 2019-06-25 | 宿州市红太阳农业发展有限公司 | A kind of asparagus dense planting high-yield planting method |
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| CN100581345C (en) * | 2006-07-12 | 2010-01-20 | 施渭尧 | Asparagus cultivating process with whole course covering, twice stem keeping and third picking |
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