CN104365309A - Efficient mode and high yield cultivation technique for spring sweet corn, autumn watermelon and winter lettuce - Google Patents

Abstract

An efficient mode and high yield cultivation techniques for spring sweet corns, autumn watermelons and winter lettuces are provided. The efficient mode and high yield cultivation techniques therefor are characterized in that the efficient mode and high yield cultivation techniques comprise the two parts of the effective mode and the high yield cultivation techniques. The efficient mode is characterized in that seedlings of the sweet corns are grown in early mid-March with the use of plug tray substrate in a small shed; plastic film mulching and planting are conducted in early April; harvesting and marketing happen in early mid-June; seedlings of the watermelons are covered with the use of a shade net of a nutrition bowl in late June; silver-gray plastic film mulching and planting are adopted in early July; marketing of the watermelons is in middle and late September; seedlings of the lettuces are covered with the use of a shade net in late August; planting of the lettuces is in late September; harvesting and marketing thereof happen in December. The high yield cultivation techniques include the use of a spring sweet corn cultivation technique, an autumn watermelon cultivation technique and a winter lettuce cultivation technique. The efficient mode and high yield cultivation techniques are advanced in technology, quality of produced vegetables and fruits is good, and input and output efficiency are high.

Description

A kind of spring sweet corn-Qiu watermelon-Dong lettuce high effective model and high-yield culture technique

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of spring sweet corn-Qiu watermelon-Dong lettuce high effective model and high-yield culture technique, it is a kind of high effective model being suitable for Hubei Province's Jianghan Plain plantation.

Background technology

Qianjiang City of Hubei Province is located in Jianghan Plain innerland, and be a large city of agricultural, not only grain, cotton and oil occupies critical positions in the whole nation, and the production of melon dish also occupies critical role in " vegetables-basket " engineering.But because production technology, cropping pattern fall behind, Vegetable produce poor quality, benefit are low, can not meet the demand of people to vegetables, melon and fruit far away.

Summary of the invention

In producing for current vegetables, melon and fruit, production technology, cropping pattern fall behind, the problem that poor quality, benefit are low, the object of the invention is open a kind of spring sweet corn-Qiu watermelon-Dong lettuce high effective model and high-yield culture technique.Be characterized in being made up of high effective model and high-yield culture technique two parts:

The first, high effective model: sweet corn March early and middle ten days adopt the nursery of Small plastic shed plug media, early April adopts plastic mulching field planting, and June, early and middle ten days was gathered listing; Watermelon adopts the nursery of nutritive cube Shading net covering in late June, and early July adopts Silver Grey Mulching Film to cover field planting, and mid or late September goes on the market; Lettuce adopts Shading net covering nursery in late August, late September field planting, listing of gathering December.

The second, high-yield culture technique: 1. spring sweet corn culture technique; 2. autumn cultivating watermelon technology; 3. winter lettuce culture technique.

The beneficial effect of the present invention sweet corn-Qiu of a kind of spring watermelon-Dong lettuce high effective model and high-yield culture technique is: its high effective model and high-yield culture technique are advanced, and the vegetables of producing, melon and fruit quality better, input-output efficiency are high.

Embodiment

The first, high effective model:

Sweet corn March early and middle ten days adopt the nursery of Small plastic shed plug media, early April adopts plastic mulching field planting, and June, early and middle ten days was gathered listing; Watermelon adopts the nursery of nutritive cube Shading net covering in late June, and early July adopts Silver Grey Mulching Film to cover field planting, and mid or late September goes on the market; Lettuce adopts Shading net covering nursery in late August, late September field planting, listing of gathering December.

The second, high-yield culture technique:

1. spring sweet corn culture technique

1.1] Fruit variety

The kind of high-quality, high yield, precocity, better resistance should be selected, as the kind such as " Jin Zhongyu ", " Hua Zhen ".

1.2] nurturing staff

The nursery of Small plastic shed plug media is adopted in mid-March, every mu of land for growing field crops prepares 70 50 hole seedling-cultivating trays, sweet corn seeds 500-600 gram, seedling medium 5 bags (50 liters/bag), bask seeds before broadcasting, every bunch planting 1 seed, accomplish the shallow lid of upper seeding, water sufficient water of emerging after broadcasting, seedling age 20-25 days, 3 leaf 1 hearts are transplanted, and transplant first 7 days ventilation hardenings.

1.3] transplant wholely

It is fertile that selection draining is good, the soil is porous. and the field of good permeability, transplant and within first 3 days, carry out ploughing deeply, carefully harrowing, meanwhile, mu executes organic commercial fertilizer 200 kilograms, 45% compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 40 kilograms makees base fertilizer, makes zanjon height furrow, furrow wide (connecting ditch) 1.4m.Behind whole good ground, the mu efficient cyhalothrin of 33% pendimethalin 100 milliliter+2.5% 80 milliliters of even spraying furrow faces, close weeds, control cutworm, then with wide 1.4 meters of plastic mulching furrow faces, both sides compacting, field is held successfully and is enclosed ditch, Yao Gou.

1.4] rational close planting

Seedling age 20-25 days, 3 leaves wholeheartedly start field planting.One ridge cultivation two row, line-spacing 50 centimetres, spacing in the rows 25-30 centimetre, mu plants 3000 ~ 3200 strains.After punching is transplanted, in case of arid should water normal root water in time, transplant hole with earth mulch is real.

1.5] rationally topdress

After seedling is returned in transplanting, 10 kilograms, mu urea carries out point and executes; 15 kilograms, typhon mouth phase mu urea topdresses, simultaneously cultivation and banking.

1.6] rod is stayed in bud picking in time

Sweet corn tillering ability is strong, unnecessary tillering of should erasing in time; After young clavate becomes, stay the rod near tassel, erase unnecessary children's rod, but blade should retain.

1.7] diseases and pests controlling

Sweet corn damage by disease and insect mainly contains aphid, cutworm, corn borer, northern and southern leaf blight, and secondary medicine is mainly made good use of in control.In the toy trumpet mouth phase, spray with 10% Imidacloprid+5% emamectin benzoate water dispersible granule+40% benzene first propiconazole+blade face zinc fertilizer; At tasseling stage, spray with Rynaxypyr+mancozeb+leaf surface trace fertilizer (containing trace elements such as zinc, potassium, boron)+40% ethrel (control prosperous, grasp consumption, general mu 30-40 milliliter according to temperature, rainwater).

1.8] timely collecting

Sweet corn is gathered in pollination for latter about 25 days, and harvesting standard requires comparatively tight, can not be excessively tender, and can not collapse rice.The fresh rod of primes (band bract) more than 350 grams, without insect pest, without bald.Should gather in time and go on the market in time.

Attention: sweet corn and conventional corn field isolate should be greater than 100 meters, and the florescence isolates more than 20 days, to ensure sweet corn quality.

2. autumn cultivating watermelon technology

2.1] breeding is selected

Autumn watermelon should select disease-resistant, moisture-proof, high temperature resistant, grow vigorous, ripe property improved seeds early, 18 watermelon with few seeds as assorted in chaste tree.

2.2] nurturing staff

2.2.1) seedbed prepares: seedbed is done in selection high-land, draughty plot, adopts the feeding block seedlings raising of diameter 4-5 centimetre.Within 7-10 days, execute organic commercial fertilizer 1 kilogram+compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 0.15 kilogram by every square metre prior to seeding, by even for whole for seedbed thin rake, water sufficient water film and cover tightly.Seedbed is wide 1 meter, long 10-15 rice, and sow first 1 day and make alms bowl, nutritive cube is put neatly, surrounding earth culture alms bowl.

2.2.2) sow: for ensureing the cultivation season of lower stubble lettuce, autumn watermelon is suitable for 20-25 day in June to be sowed.Sowing first 2-3 days with medicament such as evil mould spirit, carbendazim etc. irrigates Nutritive cube sterilization.Be sowed in nutritive cube by the seed of seed soaking sterilization, 1 alms bowl 1 seed, keeps flat, and the Nutrition Soil of lid about 1cm, then spreads the coverings such as sunshade net, keeps ground moistening, guarantees the humidity needed for seed sprouting.

2.2.3) seedbed management: shed is set up in seedbed, covers the anti-aphid of 22 order gauze, and before heavy rain arrives, timely cover film, prevents rainwater from entering seedbed.Fine hot weather lid sunshade net above seedbed shades cooling.The seed top soil of 20-30% takes covering off after emerging in time.To control seedling stage to water, keep soil to see and dryly see wet, be beneficial to root of hair and avoid excessive growth.Strengthen seedling stage diseases and pests control, the pesticide spray controls such as the available Imidacloprid such as aphid, prodenia litura, emamectin benzoate; Virus disease adopts the controls such as viral A, viral K; Damping off and damping off can with disliking mould spirit spraying control.

2.3] land for growing field crops prepares

2.3.1) melon ground is selected: autumn watermelon continuous cropping easily causes fusarium wilt to cause harm, the plot of should select that fertile soil, physical features are high and dry, the soil is porous, irrigation and drainage are convenient, not planting melon crop in recent years, must guard against and selects easily flood ground, chaor plantation autumn watermelon.　

2.3.2) site preparation and fertilization: front stubble sweet corn is timely after gathering in the crops to be pulverized sweet corn stalk with broken stalk machine, plough deeply simultaneously, harrow thin, trench digging, execute organic commercial fertilizer 150kg or 8 kilograms, cake fertilizer 150 kilograms+potash magnesium sulphate fertilizer 30kg+ diamines 20 kilograms+urea, then smooth furrow face for every mu.General furrow more than height 20cm, furrow face width 2.8m, field surrounding need dig zanjon, drains rapidly in order to after rain.

2.3.3) covering with plastic film: furrow face covers Silver Grey Mulching Film, and furrow both sides soil pressure film, makes film close proximity to ground, can prevent Weed infestation, can play again drought can moisturizing, flood can be dry effect, reduce dehiscent fruit or the sick pityriasis simplex point of fruit.2.4] field planting

Watermelon autumn seedling age is shorter, and when seedling age 12-15 days, seedling 2 leaf 1 heart, field planting is advisable.Employing is cultivated with climbing, about mu density 600 strain.Before field planting, nutritive cube waters vola water, should accomplish not hinder root during field planting as far as possible, and Nutrition Soil is equal with furrow face and combine closely, and the mulch film fine earth of melon seedling periphery covers tightly, in order to avoid high temperature burns seedling, waters sufficient normal root water after field planting.　　

2.5] field management

2.5.1) rationally prune: pinching during main climing 4-5 leaf, 2-3 growing ways of selecting and remain during sub climing about 15cm preferably son are climing, extract that its minor is climing and to stay melon to save the grandson before position climing, sit that the grandson behind melon joint position is climing suitably to select and remain.Also can adopt the 1 main 2 climing pruning methods in side three, namely stay main climing and 2 strips are climing, its minor is climing extracts when main climing 1st female flower is open, and before sub climing seat melon, excision grandson is climing.　　

2.5.2) protect flower and protect melon: when joint position female flower of selecting and remain is open, artificial supplementary pollination when 7-9 in the morning.Choose the male flower opened the same day, with male flower pollen by applied for female chapiter, pollination amount wants large, and generally every male flower awards 2-3 female flowers.On pollination joint position, pollination date mark is carried out immediately after pollination.As adverse weathers such as high temperature, continuously wet weather, when pollination seat melon rate is low, available plant growth regulator treatment, to promote to bear fruit.Select when melon egg is large to stay melon.Generally select and remain the 2nd melon, extract lopsided melon, 2, melon is stayed in every strain simultaneously.Secondly, for preventing burning sun to be exposed to the sun, the Fruit later stage to the fructescence, with melon leaf, straw lid melon.

2.5.3) rich water quality management: autumn watermelon is short for breeding time, and nourish and grow vigorous, fruit development is poor, should strengthen rich water regulation and control.After children's melon is occupied stably, every mu imposes quick-acting composite fertilizer 20 ~ 30kg; The foliage fertilizers such as melon expanding stage potassium dihydrogen phosphate alternately spray blade face, are advisable, every 10 days 1 time to spray during 5-6 in afternoon; Watermelon is plucked and is stopped watering, fertilizing in first 10 days.

2.5.4) diseases and pests controlling: the disease that autumn watermelon is often sent out has virus disease, anthracnose, leaf blight, fusarium wilt etc.Start to spray 1 time, continuous 3-4 time every 1 week with 80% raw greatly 800 times of liquid or the precious 500 times of liquid of 60% mildew-resistant at initial bloom stage, be used alternatingly, particularly after heavy rain, 1 bactericide must be sprayed, to prevent the generation of various disease.Should pull out in time when finding withered diseased plant, control with 75% the spirit 1000 times of liquid that wither time slight, root 250 ml is filled with in every strain, connects and fills with 2-3 time; Virus disease doubly can spray with 20% viral A wetting powder 500; Watermelon enters Later growth, and sky cyclostrophic is cool, answers attention control watermelon anthrax, leaf blight, available 80% raw greatly 800 times of liquid spraying control; The primary pest of harm autumn watermelon has aphid, melon snout moth's larva, prodenia litura.Aphid can prevent and treat with the 3000 times of liquid sprayings of 10% Imidacloprid pulvis.Melon snout moth's larva, nocturnal moth class can be prevented and treated with 5% emamectin benzoate, bacillus thuringiensis,Bt spraying.Note gathering and prohibit pesticide grown in first 15 days.　　

2.6] gather

According to pollination date mark with observe melon look, melon handle and foliar generalities, melon is cutd open in sampling, determines maturity, and watermelon reaches commodity maturation when requiring, should gather in time.

3. winter lettuce culture technique

3.1] Fruit variety

Select local Lactuca sativa kind (as the riot of colour) in Fujian, this kind point leaf, leaf and stem are that purple, meat are green, the thick 5-8 of stem centimetre, long 45 cm of stem, meat delicate fragrance is sweet crisp good to eat.

3.2] nurturing staff

3.2.1) sowing time: experience of cultivating for many years shows, purple leaf lettuce in Jianghan Plain suitable sowing time in 20-September 1 August.

3.2.2) seedbed prepares: sow front 3 ~ 5 d and carry out seedbed, seedbed is wide 1.2 meters, need 30 m2 seedbeds, every mu of land for growing field crops, carries out soil disinfection with 95% evil mould clever 1000 times or 40% pcnb 1000 times or 50% fenaminosulf, 600 times of liquid.

3.2.3) vernalization sowing: light seeding should educate strong sprout, every 12-15 square metre of sowing quantity 10g.Before sowing, seed first soaks 7 ~ 8 h with clear water, then is placed on refrigerator cold-storage vernalization with gauze parcel, and 1O ~ 12 h stirs 1 time, can sow when after about 24h, seed has 2/3 to show money or valuables one carries unintentionally.Select fine day or cloudy day sowing, sow front seedbed and first irrigate with water, seed fine sand is mixed thoroughly and is broadcasted sowing the dusk in the afternoon, after planting with the light eroding river bed face of broom, take Small plastic shed with sunshade net again to cover, prevent heavy rain from washing away seed or damage seedling because the sun is exposed to the sun, if meet the cloudy day should take off net hardening.

3.2.4) seedbed management: after planting nursery soil will be kept moistening to emerging, being beneficial to germination.After seed sprouting, about 10 d water the rare urine water that becomes thoroughly decomposed executing 1 time 3% ~ 5%, wash seedling after watering fertilizer with clear water, and the short many seedlings of root are strengthened, and thinning in time, prevent jointing seedling, nurturing staff.Transplant front about 5 d, add 5% amino-oligosacchride (island element), 1000 times of liquid with 80% mancozeb, 600 ~ 800 times of liquid and spray seedling 1 time, when seedling age 25 about d, seedling 4 ~ 5 true leaves, be with native lifting field planting.

3.3] field planting

3.3.1) site preparation and fertilization: after previous crops watermelon results in time wholely, every mu is executed organic commercial fertilizer 200kg, composite fertilizer 50kg makes base manure.Do furrow behind whole ground, the high 20 ~ 25cm of furrow, furrow face width 160cm, 1-2d before field planting, spray 33% pendimethalin 100 milliliters of/mu of when furrow face moisture is not dry after whole good furrow, carry out closed weeding.

3.3.2) field planting: every furrow field planting 5 row, seeding row spacing about 30cm × 35cm, every 667m2 field planting 4500 ~ 5000 strain.First water seedbed during lifting, balled transplanting, young root and blade can not be damaged.After fine day 3:00 in afternoon or cloudy field planting, in order to surviving.Seedling wants surface planting, namely pours into half ditch-water and keeps ground moistening, allow it naturally fall dry after field planting; Or water normal root water with activating root-growth accelerant dilution, promote early growth and quick tiller.

3.4] management is asked in field

3.4.1) water and fertilizer management: lettuce root system is shallow and intensive, growth rapidly, requires higher to liquid manure, applies fertilizer based on applications of farmyard manure, and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium coordinate.After Seeding planting survives, to topdress in time, 7 ~ l0 the d after field planting that topdresses for 1st time carries out, water to execute short early to send out with 5% become thoroughly decomposed night soil or 10% ~ 20% natural pond liquid fertilizer or 5 kgs/acre, urea, the composite fertilizer of every 10 ~ 15 d with 0.3% ~ 1.0% or the natural pond liquid with 20% ~ 50% water and execute later, and concentration increases gradually, imposes 4 ~ 5 times altogether, 1/3 ditch-water to half ditch-water humid soil earth is filled with, growth promoting effects during arid.Cultivation and banking is carried out 1 time after field planting 15 d.Lettuce enters lotus throne Feng Hangqian, should execute 1 time heavy fertile (strong stalk is fertile), spread manuer in holes or row replacement, execute rear blinding for every mu, fill with horse race water with high nitrogen and potassium composite fertilizer 30 kg.Whole vegetative period, in conjunction with prevention and elimination of disease and pests, sprays 0.2% borax 2 ~ 3 times, in case stem stalk cracking, hollow

3.4.2) anti-bolting and freeze injury: lettuce, in process of growth, if meet more than 30 DEG C high temperature easily bolting occurs in many days, thus affects yield and quality.Therefore, 15 kg can be watered at early squaring with 15% paclobutrazol 30 g+ island element 15 milliliters to spray.If meet the frosty weather lower than less than 0 DEG C at the middle and late growth stage, easily occur the chaff heart, the lighter affects commodity value, and severe one can cause total crop failure.Therefore, weather forecast to be paid close attention at the middle and late growth stage, spray 5% amino-oligosacchride (island element) in time at front 3 ~ 5 d of frost arriving and carry out antifreeze.

3.5] extermination of disease and insect pest

The Major Diseases of lettuce is downy mildew, stalk break, gray mold, and insect pest is aphid mainly.Adhere to putting prevention first, use efficient, low toxicity, low-residual public nuisance-free agricultural chemicals, forbid to use high poison, highly toxic pesticide, before particularly gathering, 15 d forbid to spray medicine, advocate body-building by scientific methods cultivation energetically, reduce Pesticide use number of times.Available 80% mancozeb 800 times of liquid or 70% Propineb, 500 ~ 600 times of liquid sprayings, 2 ~ 3 preventions before disease occurs.Their early stage should select 50% dimethomorph, 2500 times of liquid or 1000 ~ 1200 times of liquid sprayings of 58% metalaxyl-mn-zn to downy mildew; Stalk break and gray mold then select the 1000 times of liquid sprayings of 50% procymidone, spray 1 time, connect spray 2 ~ 3 times every 7 ~ 10 d.Aphid selects the 1500 times of liquid sprayings of 10% Imidacloprid.

3.6] gather in time

When lettuce starts to budding, and when bud flushes with top vane, select the fine day morning or cloudy whole day to gather and be advisable, favourable long-distance transport and fresh-keeping, improve commodity value and edibility.

Claims (1)

1. a spring sweet corn-Qiu watermelon-Dong lettuce high effective model and high-yield culture technique, it is characterized in that being made up of high effective model and high-yield culture technique two parts: the first, high effective model: sweet corn March early and middle ten days adopt the nursery of Small plastic shed plug media, early April adopts plastic mulching field planting, and June, early and middle ten days was gathered listing; Watermelon adopts the nursery of nutritive cube Shading net covering in late June, and early July adopts Silver Grey Mulching Film to cover field planting, and mid or late September goes on the market; Lettuce adopts Shading net covering nursery in late August, late September field planting, listing of gathering December; The second, high-yield culture technique: 1. spring sweet corn culture technique; 2. autumn cultivating watermelon technology; 3. winter lettuce culture technique.