CN112293192A - Onion cultivation technology - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an onion cultivation technology, which relates to the technical field of industrial planting, and comprises the following steps: selecting a sowing period, sowing in due time, and selecting 9 months and 15 days, namely 10 months and 15 days; step two, cultivating strong seedlings and transplanting the strong seedlings in proper age; step three, strengthening field management, and properly controlling water and fertilizer; harvesting in time; the invention utilizes a scientific and reasonable onion planting method, can effectively prevent insect damage during planting, improves disease resistance and increases onion yield. The income of onion growers is increased.

Description

Onion cultivation technology

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to an onion cultivation technology.

Background

Onion, alias: onion, dutch onion, and scallion, liliaceae, allium biennial herb. The onion contains prostaglandin A, and has effects in reducing peripheral vascular resistance and blood viscosity, lowering blood pressure, refreshing brain, relieving pressure, and preventing common cold. In addition, the onion can also remove oxygen free radicals in vivo, enhance metabolic capability, resist aging and prevent osteoporosis, and is a health food suitable for middle-aged and elderly people. The onion is widely distributed in China, is cultivated in all parts of the south and the north, and is one of the main vegetables cultivated in China. At present, the onion planting method has many problems, such as that no good method is available in the aspect of onion growth control, and the onion is easy to suffer from diseases, low in germination rate, slow in growth speed and the like.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide an onion cultivation technology.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: an onion cultivation technology comprises the following steps:

selecting a sowing period, sowing in due time, and selecting 9 months and 15 days to 10 months and 15 days;

step two, cultivating strong seedlings and transplanting the strong seedlings in proper age;

(2.1) seedbed preparation: selecting loose and breathable sandy soil as a seedbed land, deeply turning over and airing the seedbed land 20 days in advance, applying 2kg of compound fertilizer and 2kg of urea to 20000 seeds needing the seedbed land in 18-20 square meters, deeply turning over and hoeing uniformly, and carrying out insect killing and disinfection treatment on the seedbed land by using Duoxin and carbendazim, and paying attention to: the seedbed requires fine compaction of soil and smooth soil moisture surface;

(2.2) sowing: uniformly spreading the seeds on the moist soil surface, uniformly covering with fine sand mixed with matrix to ensure the covering thickness not less than 1 cm, and covering with rice straw or sunshade net for water retention, moisture retention and sun exposure prevention;

(2.3) water and fertilizer management: watering thoroughly after sowing, wherein the watering can be selected to be about 11 am every day, removing the straws about 5 days after sowing, watering with 1500 times of balanced water soluble fertilizer every 3-4 days after seedlings are aligned, watering about 300g for the first time, gradually adding the straws, and watering with 1000 times of high-phosphorus water soluble fertilizer or 800 times of Mi Shuping liquid after 30 days to ensure that the roots are more and stronger;

(2.4) pest control: after the covering materials are removed, 2000 times of hymexazol liquid, chlorothalonil and 72 percent agricultural streptomycin soluble powder are sprayed in time and sprayed once again every 6 to 7 days;

(2.5) controlling the seedling age and transplanting in time: the seedlings grow for 40 days, and are transplanted to a field in time when three leaves and one heart are formed;

step three, strengthening field management, and properly controlling water and fertilizer;

(3.1) reasonably close planting, improving yield:

the first scheme is as follows: 1.2 m, opening the soil moisture, planting 5 plants in one row, wherein the row spacing is 15-18 cm, and the seedling amount per mu is 14000 and 16000 plants;

scheme II: in order to improve the commodity yield and quality of the onions, drip irrigation planting is recommended, 1.2 m of soil moisture is opened, 3 drip irrigation tapes are pulled, 6 plants are planted in one row, the row spacing is 15-18 cm, and the seedling using amount per mu is about 18000-20000 plants;

(3.2) weeding coating: when the weeds grow for 2-3 cm after the onion is planted for about 10 days, spraying and weeding with 1000 times of high-efficiency haloxyfop-methyl and 1500 times of 23.5 percent oxyfluorfen; spraying once more at intervals of about 10 days according to the condition, covering with a bicolor silver light film in time, breaking the film in time and picking out the onion seedlings, generally selecting to carry out the onion leaves after being sun-dried and softened at 11 noon in a sunny day;

(3.3) field fertilizer and water management: in the aspect of fertilizer and water management, timely root promotion and seedling lifting are required to be carried out in the seedling stage, and the plants are guaranteed to grow robustly when moisture is dry and wet; when the plant grows to 9-11 leaves and the stem is 1.5-2 cm thick, the water and fertilizer are controlled appropriately to promote the onion to fall back and make the head, reduce the branch and the bolt of the onion and improve the commodity quality of the onion;

(3.3.1) deeply ploughing the land, and re-applying a base fertilizer: 2000kg of farmer 1500-;

(3.3.2), rooting and seedling raising fertilizer: after transplanting survival for about 7 days, alternately applying 1 barrel of root plus 10-15kg of urea or 5kg of high-phosphorus water-soluble fertilizer per mu;

(3.3.3), swelling fruit fertilizer: when the onion grows to 9-12 leaves, the vegetative growth is transited to reproductive growth, the onion begins to sit on the head, the demand of water and fertilizer is increased, the potassium fertilizer is supplemented and the management of fertilizer and water is strengthened, when the scale stem of the onion grows to 2-3 cm, 1 barrel of old onion is used per mu, 5kg of high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer or 100 parts of swelled fruit and 5kg of high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer are used every 7-10 days for 2-3 times;

(3.4) common onion pest control:

(3.4.1) downy mildew, epidemic disease: 1000 times of jianzhuoling; 50% dimethomorph-20% cymoxanil soluble powder 8000-; 80 percent of dimethomorph soluble powder 600-800 times of liquid;

(3.4.2) purpura: 600 times of 800 times of 75 percent propineb wettable powder; 2% Chunlei 45% copper oxychloride wettable powder 800-fold liquid 1000-fold; 1000 times of solution of 10 percent difenoconazole wettable powder; 1.8% octopamine water dispersible granule 700 times liquid;

(3.4.3) gray mold: 0.3 percent of eugenol soluble powder 1000-fold liquid 1500-fold; 80% pyrimethanil soluble powder 800-;

(3.4.4) maggots of scallion and thrips: 10-15 days after the onion is transplanted, dripping phoxim into the root to prevent and control the onion maggots; in the evening, 1.5 percent imidacloprid wettable powder 700 times liquid and 10 percent acetamiprid wettable powder 1000 times liquid are used for spraying prevention and control;

step four, timely harvesting:

when the onion bulb grows to 10-13 cm, the upper leaves begin to turn yellow and the stem falls down, and the onion bulb can be timely harvested and sold on the market according to market quotations.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the invention utilizes a scientific and reasonable onion planting method, can effectively prevent insect damage during planting, improves disease resistance and increases onion yield. The income of onion growers is increased.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely in the following embodiments of the present invention, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Examples

An onion cultivation technology comprises the following steps:

selecting a sowing period, sowing in due time, and selecting 9 months and 15 days to 10 months and 15 days;

step two, cultivating strong seedlings and transplanting the strong seedlings in proper age;

(2.1) seedbed preparation: selecting loose and breathable sandy soil as a seedbed land, deeply turning over and airing the seedbed land 20 days in advance, applying 2kg of compound fertilizer and 2kg of urea to 20000 seeds needing the seedbed land in 18-20 square meters, deeply turning over and hoeing uniformly, and carrying out insect killing and disinfection treatment on the seedbed land by using Duoxin and carbendazim, and paying attention to: the seedbed requires fine compaction of soil and smooth soil moisture surface;

(2.2) sowing: uniformly spreading the seeds on the moist soil surface, uniformly covering with fine sand mixed with matrix to ensure the covering thickness not less than 1 cm, and covering with rice straw or sunshade net for water retention, moisture retention and sun exposure prevention;

(2.3) water and fertilizer management: watering thoroughly after sowing, wherein the watering can be selected to be about 11 am every day, removing the straws about 5 days after sowing, watering with 1500 times of balanced water soluble fertilizer every 3-4 days after seedlings are aligned, watering about 300g for the first time, gradually adding the straws, and watering with 1000 times of high-phosphorus water soluble fertilizer or 800 times of Mi Shuping liquid after 30 days to ensure that the roots are more and stronger;

(2.4) pest control: after the covering materials are removed, 2000 times of hymexazol liquid, chlorothalonil and 72 percent agricultural streptomycin soluble powder are sprayed in time and sprayed once again every 6 to 7 days;

(2.5) controlling the seedling age and transplanting in time: the seedlings grow for 40 days, and are transplanted to a field in time when three leaves and one heart are formed;

step three, strengthening field management, and properly controlling water and fertilizer;

(3.1) reasonably close planting, improving yield:

the first scheme is as follows: 1.2 m, opening the soil moisture, planting 5 plants in one row, wherein the row spacing is 15-18 cm, and the seedling amount per mu is 14000 and 16000 plants;

scheme II: in order to improve the commodity yield and quality of the onions, drip irrigation planting is recommended, 1.2 m of soil moisture is opened, 3 drip irrigation tapes are pulled, 6 plants are planted in one row, the row spacing is 15-18 cm, and the seedling using amount per mu is about 18000-20000 plants;

(3.2) weeding coating: when the weeds grow for 2-3 cm after the onion is planted for about 10 days, spraying and weeding with 1000 times of high-efficiency haloxyfop-methyl and 1500 times of 23.5 percent oxyfluorfen; spraying once more at intervals of about 10 days according to the condition, covering with a bicolor silver light film in time, breaking the film in time and picking out the onion seedlings, generally selecting to carry out the onion leaves after being sun-dried and softened at 11 noon in a sunny day;

(3.3) field fertilizer and water management: in the aspect of fertilizer and water management, timely root promotion and seedling lifting are required to be carried out in the seedling stage, and the plants are guaranteed to grow robustly when moisture is dry and wet; when the plant grows to 9-11 leaves and the stem is 1.5-2 cm thick, the water and fertilizer are controlled appropriately to promote the onion to fall back and make the head, reduce the branch and the bolt of the onion and improve the commodity quality of the onion;

(3.3.1) deeply ploughing the land, and re-applying a base fertilizer: 2000kg of farmer 1500-;

(3.3.2), rooting and seedling raising fertilizer: after transplanting survival for about 7 days, alternately applying 1 barrel of root plus 10-15kg of urea or 5kg of high-phosphorus water-soluble fertilizer per mu;

(3.3.3), swelling fruit fertilizer: when the onion grows to 9-12 leaves, the vegetative growth is transited to reproductive growth, the onion begins to sit on the head, the demand of water and fertilizer is increased, the potassium fertilizer is supplemented and the management of fertilizer and water is strengthened, when the scale stem of the onion grows to 2-3 cm, 1 barrel of old onion is used per mu, 5kg of high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer or 100 parts of swelled fruit and 5kg of high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer are used every 7-10 days for 2-3 times;

(3.4) common onion pest control:

(3.4.1) downy mildew, epidemic disease: 1000 times of jianzhuoling; 50% dimethomorph-20% cymoxanil soluble powder 8000-; 80 percent of dimethomorph soluble powder 600-800 times of liquid;

(3.4.2) purpura: 600 times of 800 times of 75 percent propineb wettable powder; 2% Chunlei 45% copper oxychloride wettable powder 800-fold liquid 1000-fold; 1000 times of solution of 10 percent difenoconazole wettable powder; 1.8% octopamine water dispersible granule 700 times liquid;

(3.4.3) gray mold: 0.3 percent of eugenol soluble powder 1000-fold liquid 1500-fold; 80% pyrimethanil soluble powder 800-;

(3.4.4) maggots of scallion and thrips: 10-15 days after the onion is transplanted, dripping phoxim into the root to prevent and control the onion maggots; in the evening, 1.5 percent imidacloprid wettable powder 700 times liquid and 10 percent acetamiprid wettable powder 1000 times liquid are used for spraying prevention and control;

step four, timely harvesting:

when the onion bulb grows to 10-13 cm, the upper leaves begin to turn yellow and the stem falls down, and the onion bulb can be timely harvested and sold on the market according to market quotations.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (1)

1. An onion cultivation technology is characterized in that: the onion cultivation technology comprises the following steps:

selecting a sowing period, sowing in due time, and selecting 9 months and 15 days to 10 months and 15 days;

step two, cultivating strong seedlings and transplanting the strong seedlings in proper age;

(2.1) seedbed preparation: selecting loose and breathable sandy soil as a seedbed land, deeply turning over and airing the seedbed land 20 days in advance, applying 2kg of compound fertilizer and 2kg of urea to 20000 seeds needing the seedbed land in 18-20 square meters, deeply turning over and hoeing uniformly, and carrying out insect killing and disinfection treatment on the seedbed land by using Duoxin and carbendazim, and paying attention to: the seedbed requires fine compaction of soil and smooth soil moisture surface;

(2.2) sowing: uniformly spreading the seeds on the moist soil surface, uniformly covering with fine sand mixed with matrix to ensure the covering thickness not less than 1 cm, and covering with rice straw or sunshade net for water retention, moisture retention and sun exposure prevention;

(2.3) water and fertilizer management: watering thoroughly after sowing, wherein the watering can be selected to be about 11 am every day, removing the straws about 5 days after sowing, watering with 1500 times of balanced water soluble fertilizer every 3-4 days after seedlings are aligned, watering about 300g for the first time, gradually adding the straws, and watering with 1000 times of high-phosphorus water soluble fertilizer or 800 times of Mi Shuping liquid after 30 days to ensure that the roots are more and stronger;

(2.4) pest control: after the covering materials are removed, 2000 times of hymexazol liquid, chlorothalonil and 72 percent agricultural streptomycin soluble powder are sprayed in time and sprayed once again every 6 to 7 days;

(2.5) controlling the seedling age and transplanting in time: the seedlings grow for 40 days, and are transplanted to a field in time when three leaves and one heart are formed;

step three, strengthening field management, and properly controlling water and fertilizer;

(3.1) reasonably close planting, improving yield:

the first scheme is as follows: 1.2 m, opening the soil moisture, planting 5 plants in one row, wherein the row spacing is 15-18 cm, and the seedling amount per mu is 14000 and 16000 plants;

scheme II: in order to improve the commodity yield and quality of the onions, drip irrigation planting is recommended, 1.2 m of soil moisture is opened, 3 drip irrigation tapes are pulled, 6 plants are planted in one row, the row spacing is 15-18 cm, and the seedling using amount per mu is about 18000-20000 plants;

(3.2) weeding coating: when the weeds grow for 2-3 cm after the onion is planted for about 10 days, spraying and weeding with 1000 times of high-efficiency haloxyfop-methyl and 1500 times of 23.5 percent oxyfluorfen; spraying once more at intervals of about 10 days according to the condition, covering with a bicolor silver light film in time, breaking the film in time and picking out the onion seedlings, generally selecting to carry out the onion leaves after being sun-dried and softened at 11 noon in a sunny day;

(3.3) field fertilizer and water management: in the aspect of fertilizer and water management, timely root promotion and seedling lifting are required to be carried out in the seedling stage, and the plants are guaranteed to grow robustly when moisture is dry and wet; when the plant grows to 9-11 leaves and the stem is 1.5-2 cm thick, the water and fertilizer are controlled appropriately to promote the onion to fall back and make the head, reduce the branch and the bolt of the onion and improve the commodity quality of the onion;

(3.3.1) deeply ploughing the land, and re-applying a base fertilizer: 2000kg of farmer 1500-;

(3.3.2), rooting and seedling raising fertilizer: after transplanting survival for about 7 days, alternately applying 1 barrel of root plus 10-15kg of urea or 5kg of high-phosphorus water-soluble fertilizer per mu;

(3.3.3), swelling fruit fertilizer: when the onion grows to 9-12 leaves, the vegetative growth is transited to reproductive growth, the onion begins to sit on the head, the demand of water and fertilizer is increased, the potassium fertilizer is supplemented and the management of fertilizer and water is strengthened, when the scale stem of the onion grows to 2-3 cm, 1 barrel of old onion is used per mu, 5kg of high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer or 100 parts of swelled fruit and 5kg of high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer are used every 7-10 days for 2-3 times;

(3.4) common onion pest control:

(3.4.1) downy mildew, epidemic disease: 1000 times of jianzhuoling; 50% dimethomorph-20% cymoxanil soluble powder 8000-; 80 percent of dimethomorph soluble powder 600-800 times of liquid;

(3.4.2) purpura: 600 times of 800 times of 75 percent propineb wettable powder; 2% Chunlei 45% copper oxychloride wettable powder 800-fold liquid 1000-fold; 1000 times of solution of 10 percent difenoconazole wettable powder; 1.8% octopamine water dispersible granule 700 times liquid;

(3.4.3) gray mold: 0.3 percent of eugenol soluble powder 1000-fold liquid 1500-fold; 80% pyrimethanil soluble powder 800-;

(3.4.4) maggots of scallion and thrips: 10-15 days after the onion is transplanted, dripping phoxim into the root to prevent and control the onion maggots; in the evening, 1.5 percent imidacloprid wettable powder 700 times liquid and 10 percent acetamiprid wettable powder 1000 times liquid are used for spraying prevention and control;

harvesting in time; when the onion bulb grows to 10-13 cm, the upper leaves begin to turn yellow and the stem falls down, and the onion bulb can be timely harvested and sold on the market according to market quotations.