CN110915578B - Cultivation method suitable for autumn sowing and spring transplanting of chenopodium quinoa in coastal saline-alkali soil - Google Patents
Cultivation method suitable for autumn sowing and spring transplanting of chenopodium quinoa in coastal saline-alkali soil Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivation method suitable for autumn sowing and spring transplanting of quinoa in coastal saline-alkali soil, which comprises seven steps: (1) growing seedlings in open field in autumn; (2) managing a seedling bed in spring; (3) land preparation and fertilization in a field; (4) transplanting chenopodium quinoa seedlings; (5) artificial intertillage weeding; (6) managing water and fertilizer; (7) harvesting at proper time. The invention adopts autumn sowing, the sowing quantity is only half of that of the conventional spring sowing, and mulching films are not needed, so that the planting cost is effectively reduced; the farming operation is simple and feasible, and the thinning link is removed, so that the time and the labor are saved; the seedlings are orderly, the survival rate of transplanting in spring reaches 100 percent, and a good foundation is laid for large-area balanced yield increase; the method of autumn sowing and spring transplanting is adopted, so that the growing period of the chenopodium quinoa is advanced by 30 days, on one hand, the full maturity of the chenopodium quinoa is ensured, on the other hand, the introduction range is expanded, and the reasonable matching of early, middle and late maturing varieties is favorably realized; the cultivation method is matched in order, and high yield, high quality and particle warehousing of the chenopodium quinoa is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of crop cultivation, in particular to a cultivation method suitable for autumn sowing and spring transplanting of quinoa in coastal saline-alkali soil.
Background
Chenopodium quinoa willd (Chenopodium quinoa willd)Chenopodium quiona Willd) is originally produced in andes mountain areas in south America, is an annual and dicotyledonous Chenopodiaceae crop, is a main food crop of local residents, has very high nutritional value, is rich in protein, lysine, cellulose and a plurality of trace elements, is a unique plant world holoprotein grain, and is known as super grain"and" seal gold ". The quinoa is easy to cook, unique in taste, fragrant in flavor and easy to digest, has the characteristics of low calorie, low sugar and zero cholesterol, and can supplement nutrition required by a human body and enhance the body function; on the other hand, the medicine is also beneficial to regulating the immune and endocrine systems of human bodies and plays a role in preventing diseases.
Quinoa has the characteristics of cold resistance, drought resistance, barren resistance, salt and alkali resistance and the like, the temperature suitable for growth is about 20 ℃, and the quinoa is cool and does not resist high temperature. The chenopodium quinoa willd planted in the saline-alkali soil can not only realize the purpose of combining improvement and utilization of the saline-alkali soil, but also is a new way for adjusting the industrial structure of the saline-alkali soil area and increasing the income and the richness of farmers. However, the research on the quinoa in China is late, the cultivation technology of the quinoa is not perfect enough, and the case of trial planting the quinoa in saline-alkali soil is particularly lacking.
The growing period of quinoa is 90-220 days, the planting requires local frost-free period of more than 100 days, precipitation amount of more than 300mm, and highest temperature of not more than 32 dayso. At present, the coastal saline-alkali soil generally has a sowing period from the middle ten days of 5 months to the bottom of the month, and the sowing amount is large; although the film is covered after the sowing, the seedlings still have uneven emergence, lower emergence rate and survival rate, obvious phenomena of seedling shortage and ridge breaking, thinning and seedling supplement after the emergence of the seedlings, complex planting process and higher cost. Due to the spring sowing of quinoa, the growth period is limited, the variety selection range is small, and the quinoa is difficult to normally mature.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the cultivation method for the autumn sowing and spring transplanting of the chenopodium quinoa in the coastal saline-alkali land, which has the advantages of small sowing amount, no need of film mulching, no need of thinning, high survival rate and wide variety selection range.
The technical scheme is that the method comprises the following steps:
(1) and (3) open field seedling culture in autumn: after harvesting autumn first-crop crops, deeply ploughing the land, selecting land blocks with better fertility and arranging the land blocks into a seedling bed, uniformly applying 30 kg/mu of ternary compound fertilizer with the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents respectively accounting for 15%, and sowing at the bottom of 10 months or at the beginning of 11 months, wherein the sowing amount is 200 g/mu;
(2) spring seedling bed management: seedling emergence is started at the beginning of 4 months, seedling protection is paid attention to, and a small amount of organic fertilizer is applied or no organic fertilizer is applied according to the seedling emergence amount and the growth condition;
(3) land preparation and fertilization in a field: uniformly spreading ternary compound fertilizers with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents respectively accounting for 15% into a field one week before transplanting, wherein the dosage is 35-40 kg/mu, the rotary tillage depth is 15-20cm, and meanwhile, cleaning stubble so as to avoid influencing transplanting and quinoa growth;
(4) transplanting chenopodium quinoa seedlings: when the height of the Chenopodium quinoa wheat seedlings is 8-10cm in the early 5 months, transplanting in the afternoon, wherein the transplanting specification is that the row spacing is 60cm, the plant spacing is 25-30cm, watering is carried out in time after the transplanting is finished, and watering is carried out for 1-2 times the next day, so that the transplanting survival rate is improved;
(5) artificial intertillage weeding: during the growth process of the quinoa, when the plant height reaches 80-100cm, carrying out 1 st artificial intertillage weeding to promote the growth of the quinoa, and then carrying out 2 nd artificial intertillage weeding according to the growth conditions of the quinoa and weeds;
(6) and (3) water and fertilizer management: the irrigation and top application of the chenopodium quinoa willd needs to consider the soil water and fertilizer condition and the local climatic conditions, and the actual growth condition of the chenopodium quinoa willd is combined, and the phosphorus-potassium fertilizer and the trace element fertilizer are sprayed on the leaf surfaces in the later growth period of the chenopodium quinoa willd to promote the blossoming and fructification and the grain filling; quinoa is mainly used for dry farming, and if severe drought occurs, watering should be carried out in time;
(7) harvesting at proper time: when the leaves turn yellow and turn red and most of the leaves fall off, the stems begin to dry, and the seeds are pinched by the nails without moisture, so that the seeds can be harvested; manually reaping by using a sickle or a scissors, and cutting chenopodium quinoa ears; threshing by using a four-separation threshing machine, and timely airing after threshing; when no thresher exists, the quinoa ears are manually beaten or rolled after being dried in the sun; the dried seeds were stored in a cool, dry, ventilated, rat-free place.
The above technical solution can be further optimized as follows:
and (2) the open field seedling cultivation in autumn also comprises the step of seedling cultivation in a mode of placing a seedling cultivation plate in the open field.
The dosage of the ternary compound fertilizer in the step (3) is 35 kg/mu, and the rotary tillage depth is 15 cm.
The dosage of the ternary compound fertilizer in the step (3) is 40 kg/mu, and the rotary tillage depth is 20 cm.
And (4) adopting 25cm for plant spacing.
And (4) adopting the plant spacing of 30 cm.
And (6) spraying phosphorus-potassium fertilizer and trace element fertilizer on the leaf surfaces, and spraying by mixing 80 g/mu of monopotassium phosphate with 40 g/mu of borax and adding water.
And (6) spraying phosphorus-potassium fertilizer and trace element fertilizer on the leaf surfaces, and spraying the mixture of 100 g/mu of monopotassium phosphate and 50 g/mu of borax by adding water.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the sowing quantity is only half of that of the conventional spring sowing by adopting autumn sowing, and mulching films are not needed, so that the planting cost is effectively reduced.
2. The farming operation is simple and feasible, and the thinning link is removed, so that the time and the labor are saved.
3. The seedlings are orderly, the survival rate of the spring transplantation reaches 100 percent, and a good foundation is laid for large-area balanced yield increase.
4. By adopting the method of autumn sowing and spring transplanting, the growing period of the chenopodium quinoa is advanced by 30 days, on one hand, the full maturity of the chenopodium quinoa is ensured, on the other hand, the introduction range is expanded, and the reasonable matching of early, middle and late maturing varieties is favorably realized.
5. The cultivation method is matched in order, and high yield, high quality and particle warehousing of the chenopodium quinoa is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a comparison graph of the field effects of quinoa seedlings in the transplanting area and the sowing area in the prior art.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the technical solution of the present invention is further described below with reference to examples.
Example 1
A cultivation method suitable for autumn sowing and spring transplanting of chenopodium quinoa at coastal saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
(1) and (3) open field seedling culture in autumn: after harvesting autumn first-crop crops, deeply ploughing the land, selecting land blocks with better fertility and arranging the land blocks into a seedling bed, uniformly applying 30 kg/mu of ternary compound fertilizer with the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents respectively accounting for 15%, and sowing at the bottom of 10 months or at the beginning of 11 months, wherein the sowing amount is 200 g/mu;
(2) spring seedling bed management: seedling emergence is started at the beginning of 4 months, seedling protection is paid attention to, and a small amount of organic fertilizer is applied or no organic fertilizer is applied according to the seedling emergence amount and the growth condition;
(3) land preparation and fertilization in a field: uniformly spreading ternary compound fertilizers with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents respectively accounting for 15% into a field one week before transplanting, wherein the dosage is 35-40 kg/mu, the rotary tillage depth is 15-20cm, and meanwhile, cleaning stubble so as to avoid influencing transplanting and quinoa growth;
(4) transplanting chenopodium quinoa seedlings: when the height of the Chenopodium quinoa wheat seedlings is 8-10cm in the early 5 months, transplanting in the afternoon, wherein the transplanting specification is that the row spacing is 60cm, the plant spacing is 25-30cm, watering is carried out in time after the transplanting is finished, and watering is carried out for 1-2 times the next day, so that the transplanting survival rate is improved;
(5) artificial intertillage weeding: during the growth process of the quinoa, when the plant height reaches 80-100cm, carrying out 1 st artificial intertillage weeding to promote the growth of the quinoa, and then carrying out 2 nd artificial intertillage weeding according to the growth conditions of the quinoa and weeds;
(6) and (3) water and fertilizer management: the irrigation and top application of the chenopodium quinoa willd needs to consider the soil water and fertilizer condition and the local climatic conditions, and the actual growth condition of the chenopodium quinoa willd is combined, and the phosphorus-potassium fertilizer and the trace element fertilizer are sprayed on the leaf surfaces in the later growth period of the chenopodium quinoa willd to promote the blossoming and fructification and the grain filling; quinoa is mainly used for dry farming, and if severe drought occurs, watering should be carried out in time;
(7) harvesting at proper time: when the leaves turn yellow and turn red and most of the leaves fall off, the stems begin to dry, and the seeds are pinched by the nails without moisture, so that the seeds can be harvested; manually reaping by using a sickle or a scissors, and cutting chenopodium quinoa ears; threshing by using a four-separation threshing machine, and timely airing after threshing; when no thresher exists, the quinoa ears are manually beaten or rolled after being dried in the sun; the dried seeds were stored in a cool, dry, ventilated, rat-free place.
Example 2
A cultivation method suitable for autumn sowing and spring transplanting of chenopodium quinoa at coastal saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
(1) and (3) open field seedling culture in autumn: after harvesting autumn first-crop crops, deeply ploughing the land, selecting land blocks with better fertility and arranging the land blocks into a seedling bed, uniformly applying 30 kg/mu of ternary compound fertilizer with the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents respectively accounting for 15%, and sowing at the bottom of 10 months or at the beginning of 11 months, wherein the sowing amount is 200 g/mu; the method can also adopt the mode of placing a seedling tray in open field to carry out seedling culture according to the mode of a seedling bed;
(2) spring seedling bed management: seedling emergence is started at the beginning of 4 months, seedling protection is paid attention to, and a small amount of organic fertilizer is applied or no organic fertilizer is applied according to the seedling emergence amount and the growth condition;
(3) land preparation and fertilization in a field: uniformly spreading ternary compound fertilizers with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents respectively accounting for 15% into a field one week before transplanting, wherein the dosage is 35-40 kg/mu, the rotary tillage depth is 15-20cm, and meanwhile, cleaning stubble so as to avoid influencing transplanting and quinoa growth;
(4) transplanting chenopodium quinoa seedlings: when the height of the Chenopodium quinoa wheat seedlings is 8-10cm in the early 5 months, transplanting in the afternoon, wherein the transplanting specification is that the row spacing is 60cm, the plant spacing is 25-30cm, watering is carried out in time after the transplanting is finished, and watering is carried out for 1-2 times the next day, so that the transplanting survival rate is improved;
(5) artificial intertillage weeding: during the growth process of the quinoa, when the plant height reaches 80-100cm, carrying out 1 st artificial intertillage weeding to promote the growth of the quinoa, and then carrying out 2 nd artificial intertillage weeding according to the growth conditions of the quinoa and weeds;
(6) and (3) water and fertilizer management: the irrigation and top application of the chenopodium quinoa willd needs to consider the soil water and fertilizer condition and the local climatic conditions, and the actual growth condition of the chenopodium quinoa willd is combined, and the phosphorus-potassium fertilizer and the trace element fertilizer are sprayed on the leaf surfaces in the later growth period of the chenopodium quinoa willd to promote the blossoming and fructification and the grain filling; quinoa is mainly used for dry farming, and if severe drought occurs, watering should be carried out in time;
(7) harvesting at proper time: when the leaves turn yellow and turn red and most of the leaves fall off, the stems begin to dry, and the seeds are pinched by the nails without moisture, so that the seeds can be harvested; manually reaping by using a sickle or a scissors, and cutting chenopodium quinoa ears; threshing by using a four-separation threshing machine, and timely airing after threshing; when no thresher exists, the quinoa ears are manually beaten or rolled after being dried in the sun; the dried seeds were stored in a cool, dry, ventilated, rat-free place.
Example 3
A cultivation method suitable for autumn sowing and spring transplanting of chenopodium quinoa at coastal saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
(1) and (3) open field seedling culture in autumn: after harvesting autumn first-crop crops, deeply ploughing the land, selecting land blocks with better fertility and arranging the land blocks into a seedling bed, uniformly applying 30 kg/mu of ternary compound fertilizer with the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents respectively accounting for 15%, and sowing at the bottom of 10 months or at the beginning of 11 months, wherein the sowing amount is 200 g/mu; the method can also adopt the mode of placing a seedling tray in open field to carry out seedling culture according to the mode of a seedling bed;
(2) spring seedling bed management: seedling emergence is started at the beginning of 4 months, seedling protection is paid attention to, and a small amount of organic fertilizer is applied or no organic fertilizer is applied according to the seedling emergence amount and the growth condition;
(3) land preparation and fertilization in a field: uniformly spreading ternary compound fertilizers with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents respectively accounting for 15% into a field one week before transplanting, wherein the using amount is 35 kg/mu, the rotary tillage depth is 15cm, and meanwhile, cleaning stubble so as to avoid influencing transplanting and quinoa growth;
(4) transplanting chenopodium quinoa seedlings: when the height of the Chenopodium quinoa wheat seedlings is 8-10cm in the early 5 months, transplanting in the afternoon, wherein the transplanting specification is that the row spacing is 60cm, the plant spacing is 25-30cm, watering is carried out in time after the transplanting is finished, and watering is carried out for 1-2 times the next day, so that the transplanting survival rate is improved;
(5) artificial intertillage weeding: during the growth process of the quinoa, when the plant height reaches 80-100cm, carrying out 1 st artificial intertillage weeding to promote the growth of the quinoa, and then carrying out 2 nd artificial intertillage weeding according to the growth conditions of the quinoa and weeds;
(6) and (3) water and fertilizer management: the irrigation and top application of the chenopodium quinoa willd needs to consider the soil water and fertilizer condition and the local climatic conditions, and the actual growth condition of the chenopodium quinoa willd is combined, and the phosphorus-potassium fertilizer and the trace element fertilizer are sprayed on the leaf surfaces in the later growth period of the chenopodium quinoa willd to promote the blossoming and fructification and the grain filling; quinoa is mainly used for dry farming, and if severe drought occurs, watering should be carried out in time;
(7) harvesting at proper time: when the leaves turn yellow and turn red and most of the leaves fall off, the stems begin to dry, and the seeds are pinched by the nails without moisture, so that the seeds can be harvested; manually reaping by using a sickle or a scissors, and cutting chenopodium quinoa ears; threshing by using a four-separation threshing machine, and timely airing after threshing; when no thresher exists, the quinoa ears are manually beaten or rolled after being dried in the sun; the dried seeds were stored in a cool, dry, ventilated, rat-free place.
Example 4
A cultivation method suitable for autumn sowing and spring transplanting of chenopodium quinoa at coastal saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
(1) and (3) open field seedling culture in autumn: after harvesting autumn first-crop crops, deeply ploughing the land, selecting land blocks with better fertility and arranging the land blocks into a seedling bed, uniformly applying 30 kg/mu of ternary compound fertilizer with the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents respectively accounting for 15%, and sowing at the bottom of 10 months or at the beginning of 11 months, wherein the sowing amount is 200 g/mu; the method can also adopt the mode of placing a seedling tray in open field to carry out seedling culture according to the mode of a seedling bed;
(2) spring seedling bed management: seedling emergence is started at the beginning of 4 months, seedling protection is paid attention to, and a small amount of organic fertilizer is applied or no organic fertilizer is applied according to the seedling emergence amount and the growth condition;
(3) land preparation and fertilization in a field: uniformly spreading ternary compound fertilizers with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents respectively accounting for 15% into a field one week before transplanting, wherein the using amount is 40 kg/mu, the rotary tillage depth is 20cm, and meanwhile, cleaning stubble so as to avoid influencing transplanting and quinoa growth;
(4) transplanting chenopodium quinoa seedlings: when the height of the Chenopodium quinoa wheat seedlings is 8-10cm in the early 5 months, transplanting in the afternoon, wherein the transplanting specification is that the row spacing is 60cm, the plant spacing is 25-30cm, watering is carried out in time after the transplanting is finished, and watering is carried out for 1-2 times the next day, so that the transplanting survival rate is improved;
(5) artificial intertillage weeding: during the growth process of the quinoa, when the plant height reaches 80-100cm, carrying out 1 st artificial intertillage weeding to promote the growth of the quinoa, and then carrying out 2 nd artificial intertillage weeding according to the growth conditions of the quinoa and weeds;
(6) and (3) water and fertilizer management: the irrigation and top application of the chenopodium quinoa willd needs to consider the soil water and fertilizer condition and the local climatic conditions, and the actual growth condition of the chenopodium quinoa willd is combined, and the phosphorus-potassium fertilizer and the trace element fertilizer are sprayed on the leaf surfaces in the later growth period of the chenopodium quinoa willd to promote the blossoming and fructification and the grain filling; quinoa is mainly used for dry farming, and if severe drought occurs, watering should be carried out in time;
(7) harvesting at proper time: when the leaves turn yellow and turn red and most of the leaves fall off, the stems begin to dry, and the seeds are pinched by the nails without moisture, so that the seeds can be harvested; manually reaping by using a sickle or a scissors, and cutting chenopodium quinoa ears; threshing by using a four-separation threshing machine, and timely airing after threshing; when no thresher exists, the quinoa ears are manually beaten or rolled after being dried in the sun; the dried seeds were stored in a cool, dry, ventilated, rat-free place.
Example 5
A cultivation method suitable for autumn sowing and spring transplanting of chenopodium quinoa at coastal saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
(1) and (3) open field seedling culture in autumn: after harvesting autumn first-crop crops, deeply ploughing the land, selecting land blocks with better fertility and arranging the land blocks into a seedling bed, uniformly applying 30 kg/mu of ternary compound fertilizer with the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents respectively accounting for 15%, and sowing at the bottom of 10 months or at the beginning of 11 months, wherein the sowing amount is 200 g/mu; the method can also adopt the mode of placing a seedling tray in open field to carry out seedling culture according to the mode of a seedling bed;
(2) spring seedling bed management: seedling emergence is started at the beginning of 4 months, seedling protection is paid attention to, and a small amount of organic fertilizer is applied or no organic fertilizer is applied according to the seedling emergence amount and the growth condition;
(3) land preparation and fertilization in a field: uniformly spreading ternary compound fertilizers with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents respectively accounting for 15% into a field one week before transplanting, wherein the dosage is 35-40 kg/mu, the rotary tillage depth is 15-20cm, and meanwhile, cleaning stubble so as to avoid influencing transplanting and quinoa growth;
(4) transplanting chenopodium quinoa seedlings: when the height of the Chenopodium quinoa wheat seedlings is 8-10cm in the early 5 months, transplanting in the afternoon, wherein the transplanting specification is that the row spacing is 60cm and the plant spacing is 25cm, watering is carried out in time after the transplanting is finished, and watering is carried out for 1-2 times the next day, so that the transplanting survival rate is improved;
(5) artificial intertillage weeding: during the growth process of the quinoa, when the plant height reaches 80-100cm, carrying out 1 st artificial intertillage weeding to promote the growth of the quinoa, and then carrying out 2 nd artificial intertillage weeding according to the growth conditions of the quinoa and weeds;
(6) and (3) water and fertilizer management: the irrigation and top application of the chenopodium quinoa willd needs to consider the soil water and fertilizer condition and the local climatic conditions, and the actual growth condition of the chenopodium quinoa willd is combined, and the phosphorus-potassium fertilizer and the trace element fertilizer are sprayed on the leaf surfaces in the later growth period of the chenopodium quinoa willd to promote the blossoming and fructification and the grain filling; quinoa is mainly used for dry farming, and if severe drought occurs, watering should be carried out in time;
(7) harvesting at proper time: when the leaves turn yellow and turn red and most of the leaves fall off, the stems begin to dry, and the seeds are pinched by the nails without moisture, so that the seeds can be harvested; manually reaping by using a sickle or a scissors, and cutting chenopodium quinoa ears; threshing by using a four-separation threshing machine, and timely airing after threshing; when no thresher exists, the quinoa ears are manually beaten or rolled after being dried in the sun; the dried seeds were stored in a cool, dry, ventilated, rat-free place.
Example 6
A cultivation method suitable for autumn sowing and spring transplanting of chenopodium quinoa at coastal saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
(1) and (3) open field seedling culture in autumn: after harvesting autumn first-crop crops, deeply ploughing the land, selecting land blocks with better fertility and arranging the land blocks into a seedling bed, uniformly applying 30 kg/mu of ternary compound fertilizer with the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents respectively accounting for 15%, and sowing at the bottom of 10 months or at the beginning of 11 months, wherein the sowing amount is 200 g/mu; the method can also adopt the mode of placing a seedling tray in open field to carry out seedling culture according to the mode of a seedling bed;
(2) spring seedling bed management: seedling emergence is started at the beginning of 4 months, seedling protection is paid attention to, and a small amount of organic fertilizer is applied or no organic fertilizer is applied according to the seedling emergence amount and the growth condition;
(3) land preparation and fertilization in a field: uniformly spreading ternary compound fertilizers with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents respectively accounting for 15% into a field one week before transplanting, wherein the dosage is 35-40 kg/mu, the rotary tillage depth is 15-20cm, and meanwhile, cleaning stubble so as to avoid influencing transplanting and quinoa growth;
(4) transplanting chenopodium quinoa seedlings: when the height of the Chenopodium quinoa wheat seedlings is 8-10cm in the early 5 months, transplanting in the afternoon, wherein the transplanting specification is that the row spacing is 60cm and the plant spacing is 30cm, watering is carried out in time after the transplanting is finished, and watering is carried out for 1-2 times the next day, so that the transplanting survival rate is improved;
(5) artificial intertillage weeding: during the growth process of the quinoa, when the plant height reaches 80-100cm, carrying out 1 st artificial intertillage weeding to promote the growth of the quinoa, and then carrying out 2 nd artificial intertillage weeding according to the growth conditions of the quinoa and weeds;
(6) and (3) water and fertilizer management: the irrigation and top application of the chenopodium quinoa willd needs to consider the soil water and fertilizer condition and the local climatic conditions, and the actual growth condition of the chenopodium quinoa willd is combined, and the phosphorus-potassium fertilizer and the trace element fertilizer are sprayed on the leaf surfaces in the later growth period of the chenopodium quinoa willd to promote the blossoming and fructification and the grain filling; quinoa is mainly used for dry farming, and if severe drought occurs, watering should be carried out in time;
(7) harvesting at proper time: when the leaves turn yellow and turn red and most of the leaves fall off, the stems begin to dry, and the seeds are pinched by the nails without moisture, so that the seeds can be harvested; manually reaping by using a sickle or a scissors, and cutting chenopodium quinoa ears; threshing by using a four-separation threshing machine, and timely airing after threshing; when no thresher exists, the quinoa ears are manually beaten or rolled after being dried in the sun; the dried seeds were stored in a cool, dry, ventilated, rat-free place.
Example 7
A cultivation method suitable for autumn sowing and spring transplanting of chenopodium quinoa at coastal saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
(1) and (3) open field seedling culture in autumn: after harvesting autumn first-crop crops, deeply ploughing the land, selecting land blocks with better fertility and arranging the land blocks into a seedling bed, uniformly applying 30 kg/mu of ternary compound fertilizer with the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents respectively accounting for 15%, and sowing at the bottom of 10 months or at the beginning of 11 months, wherein the sowing amount is 200 g/mu; the method can also adopt the mode of placing a seedling tray in open field to carry out seedling culture according to the mode of a seedling bed;
(2) spring seedling bed management: seedling emergence is started at the beginning of 4 months, seedling protection is paid attention to, and a small amount of organic fertilizer is applied or no organic fertilizer is applied according to the seedling emergence amount and the growth condition;
(3) land preparation and fertilization in a field: uniformly spreading ternary compound fertilizers with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents respectively accounting for 15% into a field one week before transplanting, wherein the dosage is 35-40 kg/mu, the rotary tillage depth is 15-20cm, and meanwhile, cleaning stubble so as to avoid influencing transplanting and quinoa growth;
(4) transplanting chenopodium quinoa seedlings: when the height of the Chenopodium quinoa wheat seedlings is 8-10cm in the early 5 months, transplanting in the afternoon, wherein the transplanting specification is that the row spacing is 60cm, the plant spacing is 25-30cm, watering is carried out in time after the transplanting is finished, and watering is carried out for 1-2 times the next day, so that the transplanting survival rate is improved;
(5) artificial intertillage weeding: during the growth process of the quinoa, when the plant height reaches 80-100cm, carrying out 1 st artificial intertillage weeding to promote the growth of the quinoa, and then carrying out 2 nd artificial intertillage weeding according to the growth conditions of the quinoa and weeds;
(6) and (3) water and fertilizer management: the irrigation and topdressing work of the chenopodium quinoa willd needs to consider the soil water and fertilizer condition and the local climate condition, and the actual growth condition of the chenopodium quinoa willd is combined, and 80 g/mu of monopotassium phosphate and 40 g/mu of borax are mixed and mixed with water to be sprayed on the leaf surface in the later growth period of the chenopodium quinoa willd so as to promote flowering and fructification and grain filling; quinoa is mainly used for dry farming, and if severe drought occurs, watering should be carried out in time;
(7) harvesting at proper time: when the leaves turn yellow and turn red and most of the leaves fall off, the stems begin to dry, and the seeds are pinched by the nails without moisture, so that the seeds can be harvested; manually reaping by using a sickle or a scissors, and cutting chenopodium quinoa ears; threshing by using a four-separation threshing machine, and timely airing after threshing; when no thresher exists, the quinoa ears are manually beaten or rolled after being dried in the sun; the dried seeds were stored in a cool, dry, ventilated, rat-free place.
Example 8
A cultivation method suitable for autumn sowing and spring transplanting of chenopodium quinoa at coastal saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
(1) and (3) open field seedling culture in autumn: after harvesting autumn first-crop crops, deeply ploughing the land, selecting land blocks with better fertility and arranging the land blocks into a seedling bed, uniformly applying 30 kg/mu of ternary compound fertilizer with the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents respectively accounting for 15%, and sowing at the bottom of 10 months or at the beginning of 11 months, wherein the sowing amount is 200 g/mu; the method can also adopt the mode of placing a seedling tray in open field to carry out seedling culture according to the mode of a seedling bed;
(2) spring seedling bed management: seedling emergence is started at the beginning of 4 months, seedling protection is paid attention to, and a small amount of organic fertilizer is applied or no organic fertilizer is applied according to the seedling emergence amount and the growth condition;
(3) land preparation and fertilization in a field: uniformly spreading ternary compound fertilizers with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents respectively accounting for 15% into a field one week before transplanting, wherein the dosage is 35-40 kg/mu, the rotary tillage depth is 15-20cm, and meanwhile, cleaning stubble so as to avoid influencing transplanting and quinoa growth;
(4) transplanting chenopodium quinoa seedlings: when the height of the Chenopodium quinoa wheat seedlings is 8-10cm in the early 5 months, transplanting in the afternoon, wherein the transplanting specification is that the row spacing is 60cm, the plant spacing is 25-30cm, watering is carried out in time after the transplanting is finished, and watering is carried out for 1-2 times the next day, so that the transplanting survival rate is improved;
(5) artificial intertillage weeding: during the growth process of the quinoa, when the plant height reaches 80-100cm, carrying out 1 st artificial intertillage weeding to promote the growth of the quinoa, and then carrying out 2 nd artificial intertillage weeding according to the growth conditions of the quinoa and weeds;
(6) and (3) water and fertilizer management: the irrigation and topdressing work of the chenopodium quinoa willd needs to consider the soil water and fertilizer condition and the local climate condition, and the actual growth condition of the chenopodium quinoa willd is combined, and in the later growth period of the chenopodium quinoa willd, 100 g/mu of monopotassium phosphate and 50 g/mu of borax are mixed and mixed with water to be sprayed on the leaf surfaces so as to promote flowering and fructification and grain filling; quinoa is mainly used for dry farming, and if severe drought occurs, watering should be carried out in time;
(7) harvesting at proper time: when the leaves turn yellow and turn red and most of the leaves fall off, the stems begin to dry, and the seeds are pinched by the nails without moisture, so that the seeds can be harvested; manually reaping by using a sickle or a scissors, and cutting chenopodium quinoa ears; threshing by using a four-separation threshing machine, and timely airing after threshing; when no thresher exists, the quinoa ears are manually beaten or rolled after being dried in the sun; the dried seeds were stored in a cool, dry, ventilated, rat-free place.
The above are only a few examples, which can of course be freely combined in actual production, as the case may be.
The difference in the effect of the cultivation method of the present invention in autumn sowing and spring transplanting compared with the spring sowing method of the prior art can be seen from figure 1. The date of transplanting and sowing in the inventive transplanting area and the prior art sowing area shown in fig. 1 are 2019, 5 months and 10 days; on-site comparison is carried out on the chenopodium quinoa seedlings in 2019, 5 and 29 months, the transplanting survival rate of the chenopodium quinoa seedlings in the transplanting area is up to 100%, the seedlings are uniform and strong, the seedlings in the sowing area are quite obvious in seedling shortage and ridge breaking, and the seedlings are small and uneven.
Claims (8)
1. A cultivation method suitable for autumn sowing and spring transplanting of chenopodium quinoa at coastal saline-alkali soil is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) and (3) open field seedling culture in autumn: after harvesting autumn first-crop crops, deeply ploughing the land, selecting land blocks with better fertility and arranging the land blocks into a seedling bed, uniformly applying 30 kg/mu of ternary compound fertilizer with the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents respectively accounting for 15%, and sowing at the bottom of 10 months or at the beginning of 11 months, wherein the sowing amount is 200 g/mu;
(2) spring seedling bed management: seedling emergence is started at the beginning of 4 months, seedling protection is paid attention to, and a small amount of organic fertilizer is applied or no organic fertilizer is applied according to the seedling emergence amount and the growth condition;
(3) land preparation and fertilization in a field: uniformly spreading ternary compound fertilizers with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents respectively accounting for 15% into a field one week before transplanting, wherein the dosage is 35-40 kg/mu, the rotary tillage depth is 15-20cm, and meanwhile, cleaning stubble so as to avoid influencing transplanting and quinoa growth;
(4) transplanting chenopodium quinoa seedlings: when the height of the Chenopodium quinoa wheat seedlings is 8-10cm in the early 5 months, transplanting in the afternoon, wherein the transplanting specification is that the row spacing is 60cm, the plant spacing is 25-30cm, watering is carried out in time after the transplanting is finished, and watering is carried out for 1-2 times the next day, so that the transplanting survival rate is improved;
(5) artificial intertillage weeding: during the growth process of the quinoa, when the plant height reaches 80-100cm, carrying out 1 st artificial intertillage weeding to promote the growth of the quinoa, and then carrying out 2 nd artificial intertillage weeding according to the growth conditions of the quinoa and weeds;
(6) and (3) water and fertilizer management: the irrigation and top application of the chenopodium quinoa willd needs to consider the soil water and fertilizer condition and the local climatic conditions, and the actual growth condition of the chenopodium quinoa willd is combined, and the phosphorus-potassium fertilizer and the trace element fertilizer are sprayed on the leaf surfaces in the later growth period of the chenopodium quinoa willd to promote the blossoming and fructification and the grain filling; quinoa is mainly used for dry farming, and if severe drought occurs, watering should be carried out in time;
(7) harvesting at proper time: when the leaves turn yellow and turn red and most of the leaves fall off, the stems begin to dry, and the seeds are pinched by the nails without moisture, so that the seeds can be harvested; manually reaping by using a sickle or a scissors, and cutting chenopodium quinoa ears; threshing by using a four-separation threshing machine, and timely airing after threshing; when no thresher exists, the quinoa ears are manually beaten or rolled after being dried in the sun; the dried seeds were stored in a cool, dry, ventilated, rat-free place.
2. The cultivation method suitable for the autumn sowing and spring transplanting of the chenopodium quinoa linn in the coastal saline-alkali land as claimed in claim 1, wherein the autumn open field seedling cultivation in step (1) further comprises seedling cultivation in a mode of placing a seedling cultivation plate in an open field.
3. The cultivation method suitable for the autumn sowing and spring transplanting of the chenopodium quinoa at the coastal saline-alkali land as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the dosage of the ternary compound fertilizer in the step (3) is 35 kg/mu, and the rotary tillage depth is 15 cm.
4. The cultivation method suitable for the autumn sowing and spring transplanting of the chenopodium quinoa at the coastal saline-alkali land as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the dosage of the ternary compound fertilizer in the step (3) is 40 kg/mu, and the rotary tillage depth is 20 cm.
5. The cultivation method suitable for the autumn sowing and spring transplanting of the chenopodium quinoa at the coastal saline-alkali land as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the planting distance in the step (4) is 25 cm.
6. The cultivation method suitable for the autumn sowing and spring transplanting of the chenopodium quinoa at the coastal saline-alkali land as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the planting distance in the step (4) is 30 cm.
7. The cultivation method suitable for the autumn sowing and spring transplanting of the chenopodium quinoa at the coastal saline-alkali land as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the phosphorus potassium fertilizer and the trace element fertilizer are sprayed on the leaf surfaces in the step (6), and 80 g/mu of monopotassium phosphate and 40 g/mu of borax are mixed and mixed with water for spraying.
8. The cultivation method suitable for the autumn sowing and spring transplanting of the chenopodium quinoa at the coastal saline-alkali land as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the phosphorus potassium fertilizer and the trace element fertilizer are sprayed on the leaf surfaces in the step (6), and 100 g/mu of monopotassium phosphate and 50 g/mu of borax are mixed and mixed with water for spraying.
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| CN110036841A (en) * | 2019-04-08 | 2019-07-23 | 盐城市新洋农业试验站 | Quinoa growing and cultivation technology in two seasons of one year |
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