CN112715304B - Cultivation method for improving blooming of cassava - Google Patents
Cultivation method for improving blooming of cassava Download PDFInfo
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- 235000016735 Manihot esculenta subsp esculenta Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 109
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 241000658379 Manihot esculenta subsp. esculenta Species 0.000 title 1
- 240000003183 Manihot esculenta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 114
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 60
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 49
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 47
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 18
- PWVXXGRKLHYWKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-[2-(benzenesulfonyl)ethyl]-3-[(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl]-1h-indole Chemical compound CN1CCCC1CC(C1=C2)=CNC1=CC=C2CCS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 PWVXXGRKLHYWKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims description 16
- YNWVFADWVLCOPU-MDWZMJQESA-N (1E)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)pent-1-en-3-ol Chemical compound C1=NC=NN1/C(C(O)C(C)(C)C)=C/C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 YNWVFADWVLCOPU-MDWZMJQESA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 229930191978 Gibberellin Natural products 0.000 claims description 8
- IXORZMNAPKEEDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N gibberellic acid GA3 Natural products OC(=O)C1C2(C3)CC(=C)C3(O)CCC2C2(C=CC3O)C1C3(C)C(=O)O2 IXORZMNAPKEEDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003448 gibberellin Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycine Chemical compound NCC(O)=O DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lysine Natural products NCCCCC(N)C(O)=O KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004472 Lysine Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910004619 Na2MoO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- ONIBWKKTOPOVIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Proline Natural products OC(=O)C1CCCN1 ONIBWKKTOPOVIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 claims description 5
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- KMQAPZBMEMMKSS-UHFFFAOYSA-K calcium;magnesium;phosphate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O KMQAPZBMEMMKSS-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 5
- ZDXPYRJPNDTMRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N glutamine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CCC(N)=O ZDXPYRJPNDTMRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N heavy water Substances [2H]O[2H] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000357 manganese(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002686 phosphate fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].OP(O)([O-])=O GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K potassium phosphate Substances [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011684 sodium molybdate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- TVXXNOYZHKPKGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium molybdate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O TVXXNOYZHKPKGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009333 weeding Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011686 zinc sulphate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical group [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000001850 reproductive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 208000012868 Overgrowth Diseases 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000009105 vegetative growth Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000010152 pollination Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000009418 agronomic effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000021049 nutrient content Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 19
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000009402 cross-breeding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000004883 flower formation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009396 hybridization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241001474374 Blennius Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000221017 Euphorbiaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000004456 Manihot esculenta Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000003805 Musa ABB Group Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000008790 Musa x paradisiaca Species 0.000 description 1
- 201000002451 Overnutrition Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 235000015266 Plantago major Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivation method for improving blooming of cassava, which comprises the steps of land selection, land preparation, variety selection, planting, field management, seedling control and dwarfing, flowering phase regulation, flower preservation and the like. The invention adjusts the nutrient contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of the cassava through artificial agronomic measures and chemical regulation methods, inhibits overground part overgrowth, promotes the conversion from vegetative growth to reproductive growth of the cassava so as to promote the cassava to bloom, and then obtains the cassava hybrid seeds through natural pollination or artificial pollination. The method is high in practicality and good in controllability, effectively solves the problem that the cassava is difficult to flower in the Guangxi cassava growing area, and provides a basis for carrying out new cassava variety breeding in the future.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of crop cultivation, and particularly relates to a cultivation method for improving blooming of cassava.
Background
Cassava (the scientific name: Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a plant of cassava of Euphorbiaceae, is one of three tuber crops in the world, is a non-grain biomass energy crop, is not only staple food of hundreds of millions of people in the world, but also one of raw materials for producing starch and processing fuel ethanol, is mainly used for developing and utilizing grains, feed, industrial alcohol and the like, and has extremely high economic value. Guangxi is the largest cassava planting area in China, and accounts for more than 60% of the planting area in China.
At the present stage, the cassava cultivar in China is single, and the main cultivar is the current cultivar of south China 205. Due to long-term planting, serious variety degradation and low yield per unit has become a problem to be solved urgently by the Guangxi cassava industry. Artificial crossbreeding of cassava is one of the more common means. Due to the influence of climatic factors, cassava usually does not bloom, blossom and fruit or has insufficient seed maturity in many places in Guangxi, and the crossbreeding work can not be carried out under normal conditions, while the main approach for breeding new cassava varieties is crossbreeding. At present, most of the cassava varieties planted in Guangxi province are introduced from foreign countries and Hainan countries, and no cassava varieties are bred in local sexual hybridization in Guangxi province. According to the flowering and fruiting habits of cassava, the cassava usually flowers in 9 months, and because of the influence of low temperature, most of the fruits harvested in 1 month of the next year are immature, the germination rate of cassava seeds is influenced. Therefore, how to improve the early flowering of cassava is the primary task of solving the current hybridization breeding, and the breeding of a new cassava variety which is suitable for Guangxi planting and has high yield, high starch and good stress resistance is both needed and challenging.
According to the biological characteristics and requirements of cassava, certain technical measures are necessary to promote the blooming of the cassava. Therefore, a cultivation method for improving the blooming of cassava needs to be explored, the problem of variety degradation in the current cassava production in China is solved, the high and stable yield of cassava is realized, and the purposes of increasing the yield and income are achieved.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a cultivation method for improving the blooming of cassava, which is characterized in that a dichotomous or dichotomous plant type cassava variety is selected, and a series of measures such as chemical dwarfing and chemical regulation are combined, so that an excessively high stem is not easy to grow in the growing period of the cassava planting, the premature flower bud differentiation of the cassava is promoted, the blooming capability of the cassava is improved, and the purposes of blooming and fruiting are achieved.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a cultivation method for improving blooming of cassava comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting land: selecting a hillside land with relatively poor soil and a place with sufficient illumination for cassava planting;
(2) land preparation: during soil preparation, firstly, removing weeds on the ground, harrowing and leveling soil, and excavating planting pits;
(3) variety selection: selecting varieties or strains with medium precocity, bifurcate or trifurcate plant types, strong stems, short and small plants and developed root systems;
(4) planting: placing the seed stems at the planting pits by adopting a flat placement method, then removing the compound fertilizer in the planting pits, respectively applying the compound fertilizer to two ends of the seed stems, and then covering a black mulching film;
(5) field management: replanting the deficient plants 15-20 days after planting; 30-40 days after planting, sprouting the field, and reserving 1-2 strong sprouts for each plant; weeding in the field 50-60 days after planting;
(6) controlling and dwarfing seedlings: controlling overground seedling spindly growth in the growth middle stage of the cassava 6-8 months, and spraying dwarfing agent on the top end and tender part of the cassava on the basis of wetting without dripping water;
(7) and (3) flowering phase regulation:
applying a potassium fertilizer: applying potassium fertilizer once in the middle ten days of 7 months to the last ten days of 8 months, forming a shallow trench at a position 30-35 cm away from the root of the cassava, uniformly withdrawing the potassium fertilizer in the trench, and backfilling the trench with fine soil to promote the blooming of the cassava;
secondly, dressing foliar fertilizer: spraying a foliar fertilizer 15-20 days after the potassium fertilizer is applied, mainly spraying monopotassium phosphate liquid on the foliar fertilizer for 2-3 times, wherein the spraying concentration is 0.5-1.0%;
spraying flower forcing liquid: spraying a flower forcing solution at the initial stage of flower buds appearing in the last ten days of 8 months, wherein the flower forcing solution is prepared by fully mixing gibberellin with a nutrient solution according to the ratio of 1:1, spraying 1-2 times on the top buds and leaf surfaces of cassava, repeatedly spraying water until the water drops on the leaves, and spraying once every other week;
(8) flower retention: tracking and investigating the blooming condition of cassava every 4-5 days, wherein when a branched or flower bud plant appears, newly grown axillary buds or germinated lateral buds need to be removed in time, only the flower buds are reserved, and the plant nutrition is mainly supplied for reproductive growth, so that the blooming is induced.
Preferably, in the step (1), the slope of the hillside is controlled to be 25-30 degrees, the illumination is sufficient, and the hillside is not easy to be attacked by typhoon; the organic matter content of the hillside soil is controlled to be 2-3%.
Preferably, the land preparation is shallow farmland to prevent overgrowth of overground parts caused by too fast nutrition absorption of cassava roots.
Preferably, in the step (3), the cassava varieties are south Asia No. 1, newly selected 048, south China No. 9 and south plantain 199.
Preferably, in the step (4), the compound fertilizer is a compound use of a potassium fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer and an organic fertilizer; wherein the potash fertilizer is potassium sulfate or potassium chloride, and the application amount is 35-40 kg/mu; the application amount of the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is 40-45 kg/mu; the application amount of the organic fertilizer is 40-45 kg/mu.
Preferably, in step (6), the controlling dwarfing includes: removing newly-grown redundant branches of the young cassava trees in time to play a role in ventilation and light transmission, and topping and controlling seedlings when the height of the cassava trees exceeds 1.2-1.5 m.
Preferably, in the step (6), the dwarfing agent is a mixture of chlormequat chloride and uniconazole in a mass ratio of 1-2:1 and at a mass concentration of 0.2-0.5%. The dwarfing agent is sprayed every other month in the middle 6-8 months of growth of cassava.
Preferably, in the step (7), the components and contents of the nutrient solution are as follows:
a. macroelements: KCl 55-65 mg/L; KH (Perkin Elmer)2PO4 350-450mg/L；KNO3 1100-1200mg/L；MgSO417-20mg/L；NH4NO3 1000-1200mg/L；
b. Trace elements: 3.0-4.0 mg/L of FeNaEDTA; MnSO4·H2O 1.5～2.0mg/L；Na2MoO4·2H2O 0.02～0.05mg/L；ZnSO4·H2O 0.3～0.6mg/L；
c. Amino acids: 0.2-0.5 g/L of glutamine; 0.2-0.3 g/L of lysine; 0.2-0.3 g/L of glycine; proline is 0.1-0.2 g/L;
d. sucrose: 20-25 g/L.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention improves the flowering efficiency by selecting the cassava varieties with the two-branch or three-branch plant type, such as south Asia No. 1, newly selected 048, south China No. 9 and south planting 199, and common upright varieties are not beneficial to flowering.
(2) The height of the stem is controlled by spraying a dwarfing agent in the growth middle period of the cassava, the overnutrition is reduced, the stem is increased, the height of the cassava plant is controlled to be below 1.5m, the premature flower bud differentiation of the cassava is promoted, the flowering capability of the cassava is improved, and the purposes of flowering and fruiting are achieved.
(3) The dwarfing agent disclosed by the invention is prepared by mixing chlormequat chloride and uniconazole, and the uniconazole can effectively control vegetative growth, inhibit cell elongation, shorten internodes and dwarfed plants, so that the plant shape is controlled, and flower bud differentiation and multiple blossoming are promoted; it also has antibacterial and herbicidal effects. Chlormequat chloride can block the biosynthesis of endogenous gibberellin, so that cell elongation is delayed, plants are dwarfed, stalks are thick and strong, internodes are shortened, the effects of excessive growth, lodging and the like of the plants can be prevented, the technical effect of dwarfing can be enhanced by combining the chlormequat chloride and the plant can more effectively promote flower bud differentiation.
(4) The nutrient solution is added while gibberellin is added in the flower forcing process, the nutrient solution mainly aims to promote early differentiation of flower buds, is rich in medium trace elements and various amino acids, meets the nutritional requirements of cassava during blooming, promotes formation of the flower buds, promotes opening of the flower buds, and particularly has the functions of flower retention, flower color increase and flower period extension due to the addition of gibberellin.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are provided only for illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A cultivation method for improving blooming of cassava comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting land: selecting a hillside land with general soil fertility, controlling the content of organic matters in the hillside soil to be 2-3%, controlling the slope to be 25-30 degrees, and planting cassava in a place which is sufficient in illumination and not easy to be attacked by typhoon;
(2) land preparation: when the land is prepared, the weeds on the ground are firstly removed and cleaned, the weeds are raked up by a tractor, planting pits are manually excavated after the weeds are leveled, and the pit depth is about 20-25 cm. The land preparation is shallow ploughing to prevent the overground part from overgrowing due to too fast nutrition absorption of the cassava root system.
(3) Variety selection: the cassava varieties are selected from 4 varieties (series) of south Asia No. 1, newly selected 048, south China No. 9 and south cultivated 199, and are respectively planted in A, B, C, D4 plots.
(4) Planting: placing seed stems of various varieties (lines) at planting pits, adopting a horizontal placement method, setting the row spacing of the plants to be 1m multiplied by 1m, withdrawing the compound fertilizer in the planting pits, respectively applying the compound fertilizer to two ends of the seed stems, and then covering a black mulching film;
(5) field management: replanting the deficient plants 15-20 days after planting; 30-40 days after planting, sprouting the field, and reserving 1-2 strong sprouts for each plant; weeding in the field 50-60 days after planting; the compound fertilizer is a compound use of potassium fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and organic fertilizer; the application amount of the potassium chloride is 40 kg/mu; the application amount of the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is 45 kg/mu; the application amount of the organic fertilizer is 40 kg/mu.
(6) Controlling and dwarfing seedlings: and (3) controlling overground part seedling spindling in 6-8 months in the growth middle period of the cassava, timely removing newly grown redundant branches of the cassava trees to play a role in ventilation and light transmission, and topping and controlling the seedlings when the height of the cassava plants exceeds 1.2-1.5 m. Meanwhile, spraying dwarfing agent on the top end and the tender part of the cassava on the basis of no dripping water after wetting; the dwarfing agent is a mixture of chlormequat chloride and uniconazole, the mass ratio of the chlormequat chloride to the uniconazole is 2:1, and the mass concentration of the chlormequat chloride to the uniconazole is 0.2%. The dwarfing agent is sprayed every other month in the middle 6-8 months of growth of cassava.
(7) And (3) flowering phase regulation:
applying a potassium fertilizer: applying potassium fertilizer once in the middle ten days of 7 months to the last ten days of 8 months, forming a shallow trench at a position 30-35 cm away from the root of the cassava, uniformly withdrawing the potassium fertilizer in the trench, and backfilling the trench with fine soil to promote the blooming of the cassava;
secondly, dressing foliar fertilizer: spraying a foliar fertilizer 20 days after the potassium fertilizer is applied, mainly spraying monopotassium phosphate liquid on the foliar for 2-3 times, wherein the spraying concentration is 0.5%;
spraying flower forcing liquid: spraying a flower forcing liquid at the early stage of flower bud occurrence in late 8 months, wherein the flower forcing liquid is prepared: fully mixing the gibberellin solution with the concentration of 800 times and the prepared nutrient solution according to the ratio of 1:1, spraying the cassava apical buds and the leaf surfaces for 2 times, repeatedly spraying water until the water drops on the leaves are the standard, and spraying the water drops once every other week.
The nutrient solution comprises the following components in parts by weight:
a. macroelements: KCl 60 mg/L; KH (Perkin Elmer)2PO4 400mg/L；KNO3 1100mg/L；MgSO4 20mg/L；NH4NO31000mg/L；
b. Trace elements: 3.0-4.0 mg/L of FeNaEDTA; MnSO4·H2O 1.5～2.0mg/L；Na2MoO4·2H2O 0.02～0.05mg/L；ZnSO4·H2O 0.3～0.6mg/L；
c. Amino acids: 0.2-0.5 g/L of glutamine; 0.2-0.3 g/L of lysine; 0.2-0.3 g/L of glycine; proline is 0.1-0.2 g/L;
d. sucrose: 20 g/L.
(8) Flower retention: tracking and investigating the blooming condition of cassava every 4-5 days, removing new axillary buds or germinated lateral buds in time when a branched or flowered plant appears, ensuring that the plant is mainly supplied with nutrition for reproductive growth, and inducing blooming.
Flowering status of 4 varieties (lines) was recorded in table 1 below.
TABLE 14 flowering status record of cassava varieties (lines)
| South Asia number 1 | New choice 048 | South China No. 9 | South plant 199 | |
| Planting period | 3 ten days of the month | 3 ten days old month | 3 ten days of the month | 3 ten days old month |
| Bud period | 7 ten days of the month | Last 7 days | Last 7 days | Last 7 days |
| Full bloom stage | 8 ten days of the month | 8 ten days in the middle of the month | 8 ten days in the middle of the month | 8 ten days of the month |
| Percentage of flower formation (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 99 |
| Number of flowers (flowers/plants) | 48 | 44 | 45 | 46 |
As can be seen from the above table 1, the method of the present invention has a flowering rate of more than 99% for 4 varieties (species), and the flowering phase is advanced to 20-30 days, thereby promoting the breeding of new species cassava, and reducing the risk of low fruiting rate caused by less flowering.
Example 2
A cultivation method for improving blooming of cassava comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting land: in Chong left mountain land, selecting a hillside land with general soil fertility, controlling the content of organic matters in the hillside soil to be 2-3%, controlling the slope to be 25-30 degrees, and planting cassava in a place with sufficient illumination and difficult attack by typhoon;
(2) land preparation: when the land is prepared, the weeds on the ground are firstly removed and cleaned, the weeds are raked up by a tractor, planting pits are manually excavated after the weeds are leveled, and the pit depth is about 20-25 cm. The land preparation is shallow ploughing to prevent the overground part from overgrowing due to too fast nutrition absorption of the cassava root system.
(3) Variety selection: the cassava varieties are selected from 4 varieties (series) of south Asia No. 1, newly selected 048, south China No. 9 and south cultivated 199, and are respectively planted in 4 land parcels.
(4) Planting: placing seed stems of various varieties (lines) at planting pits, adopting a horizontal placement method, setting the row spacing of the plants to be 1m multiplied by 1m, withdrawing the compound fertilizer in the planting pits, respectively applying the compound fertilizer to two ends of the seed stems, and then covering a black mulching film;
(5) field management: replanting the deficient plants 15 days after planting; 30 days after planting, sprouting the field, and reserving 1-2 strong sprouts for each plant; weeding in the field 50 days after planting; the compound fertilizer is a compound use of potassium fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and organic fertilizer; the application amount of the potassium sulfate is 35 kg/mu; the application amount of the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is 40 kg/mu; the application amount of the organic fertilizer is 45 kg/mu.
(6) Controlling and dwarfing seedlings: and (3) controlling overground part seedling spindling in 6-8 months in the growth middle period of the cassava, timely removing newly grown redundant branches of the cassava trees to play a role in ventilation and light transmission, and topping and controlling the seedlings when the height of the cassava plants exceeds 1.2-1.5 m. Meanwhile, spraying dwarfing agent on the top end and the tender part of the cassava on the basis of no dripping water after wetting; the dwarfing agent is a mixture of chlormequat chloride and uniconazole, the mass ratio of the chlormequat chloride to the uniconazole is 1:1, and the mass concentration of the chlormequat chloride to the uniconazole is 0.5%. The dwarfing agent is sprayed every other month in the middle 6-8 months of growth of cassava.
(7) And (3) flowering phase regulation:
applying a potassium fertilizer: applying potassium fertilizer once in the middle ten days of 7 months to the last ten days of 8 months, forming a shallow trench at a position 30-35 cm away from the root of the cassava, uniformly withdrawing the potassium fertilizer in the trench, and backfilling the trench with fine soil to promote the blooming of the cassava;
secondly, dressing foliar fertilizer: spraying a leaf fertilizer 15 days after the potassium fertilizer is applied, mainly spraying monopotassium phosphate liquid on the leaf surface for 2-3 times, wherein the spraying concentration is 1.0%;
spraying flower forcing liquid: spraying a flower forcing liquid at the early stage of flower bud occurrence in late 8 months, wherein the flower forcing liquid is prepared: mixing 800 times of gibberellin solution and pre-prepared nutrient solution at a ratio of 1:1, and spraying the cassava apical bud and leaf surface for 1 time, wherein the spraying is performed once every other week.
The nutrient solution comprises the following components in parts by weight:
a. macroelements: KCl 55 mg/L; KH (Perkin Elmer)2PO4 350mg/L；KNO3 1200mg/L；MgSO4 17mg/L；NH4NO31000mg/L；
b. Trace elements: 3.0-4.0 mg/L of FeNaEDTA; MnSO4·H2O 1.5～2.0mg/L；Na2MoO4·2H2O 0.02～0.05mg/L；ZnSO4·H2O 0.3～0.6mg/L；
c. Amino acids: 0.2-0.5 g/L of glutamine; 0.2-0.3 g/L of lysine; 0.2-0.3 g/L of glycine; proline is 0.1-0.2 g/L;
d. sucrose: 20 g/L.
(8) Flower retention: tracking and investigating the blooming condition of cassava every 4-5 days, removing new axillary buds or germinated lateral buds in time when a branched or flowered plant appears, ensuring that the plant is mainly supplied with nutrition for reproductive growth, and inducing blooming.
Flowering of 4 varieties (lines) was recorded in table 2 below.
TABLE 24 flowering status record of cassava varieties (lines)
Example 3
A cultivation method for improving blooming of cassava comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting land: selecting a hillside land with general soil fertility, controlling the content of organic matters in the hillside soil to be 2-3%, controlling the slope to be 25-30 degrees, and planting cassava in a place which is sufficient in illumination and not easy to be attacked by typhoon;
(2) land preparation: when the land is prepared, the weeds on the ground are firstly removed and cleaned, the weeds are raked up by a tractor, planting pits are manually excavated after the weeds are leveled, and the pit depth is about 20-25 cm. The land preparation is shallow ploughing to prevent the overground part from overgrowing due to too fast nutrition absorption of the cassava root system.
(3) Variety selection: the cassava varieties are selected from 4 varieties (series) of south Asia No. 1, newly selected 048, south China No. 9 and south cultivated 199, and are respectively planted in 4 land parcels.
(4) Planting: placing seed stems of various varieties (lines) at planting pits, adopting a horizontal placement method, setting the row spacing of the plants to be 1m multiplied by 1m, withdrawing the compound fertilizer in the planting pits, respectively applying the compound fertilizer to two ends of the seed stems, and then covering a black mulching film;
(5) field management: replanting the plant lack 18 days after planting; sprouting the field 35 days after planting, and reserving 1-2 strong sprouts for each plant; weeding in the field 55 days after planting; the compound fertilizer is a compound use of potassium fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and organic fertilizer; the application amount of the potassium chloride is 40 kg/mu; the application amount of the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is 40 kg/mu; the application amount of the organic fertilizer is 45 kg/mu.
(6) Controlling and dwarfing seedlings: and (3) controlling overground part seedling spindling in 6-8 months in the growth middle period of the cassava, timely removing newly grown redundant branches of the cassava trees to play a role in ventilation and light transmission, and topping and controlling the seedlings when the height of the cassava plants exceeds 1.2-1.5 m. Meanwhile, spraying dwarfing agent on the top end and the tender part of the cassava on the basis of no dripping water after wetting; the dwarfing agent is a mixture of chlormequat chloride and uniconazole, the mass ratio of the chlormequat chloride to the uniconazole is 1.5:1, and the mass concentration of the chlormequat chloride to the uniconazole is 0.3%. The dwarfing agent is sprayed every other month in the middle 6-8 months of growth of cassava.
(7) And (3) flowering phase regulation:
applying a potassium fertilizer: applying potassium fertilizer once in the middle ten days of 7 months to the last ten days of 8 months, forming a shallow trench at a position 30-35 cm away from the root of the cassava, uniformly withdrawing the potassium fertilizer in the trench, and backfilling the trench with fine soil to promote the blooming of the cassava;
secondly, dressing foliar fertilizer: spraying a foliar fertilizer 15-20 days after the potassium fertilizer is applied, mainly spraying monopotassium phosphate liquid on the foliar fertilizer for 2-3 times, wherein the spraying concentration is 0.8%;
spraying flower forcing liquid: spraying a flower forcing solution at the initial stage of flower buds appearing in late 8 months, wherein the flower forcing solution is prepared by the following steps: fully mixing the gibberellin solution with the concentration of 800 times and the prepared nutrient solution according to the ratio of 1:1, spraying the cassava apical buds and the leaf surfaces for 1-2 times, and repeatedly spraying water until the water drops on the leaf surfaces are the standard, wherein the spraying is performed once every other week.
The nutrient solution comprises the following components in parts by weight:
a. macroelements: KCl 65 mg/L; KH (natural Kill)2PO4 450mg/L；KNO3 1150mg/L；MgSO4 18mg/L；NH4NO31150mg/L；
b. Trace elements: 3.0-4.0 mg/L of FeNaEDTA; MnSO4·H2O 1.5～2.0mg/L；Na2MoO4·2H2O 0.02～0.05mg/L；ZnSO4·H2O 0.3～0.6mg/L；
c. Amino acids: 0.2-0.5 g/L of glutamine; 0.2-0.3 g/L of lysine; 0.2-0.3 g/L of glycine; proline is 0.1-0.2 g/L;
d. sucrose: 22 g/L.
(8) Flower retention: tracking and investigating the blooming condition of cassava every 4-5 days, removing new axillary buds or germinated lateral buds in time when a branched or flowered plant appears, ensuring that the plant is mainly supplied with nutrition for reproductive growth, and inducing blooming.
Flowering status of 4 varieties (lines) was recorded in table 3 below.
TABLE 34 flowering status record of cassava varieties (lines)
Comparative example 1
The method comprises the following steps: south Asia No. 1 is a planting strain, and compared with the method in the embodiment 1, the method reduces the seedling control dwarfing process and does not add a spraying dwarfing agent. And other steps are consistent.
Comparative example 2
The method comprises the following steps: compared with the method in the embodiment 1, in the process of spraying the flower forcing liquid regulated and controlled in the flowering phase, the method has the advantages that the nutrient solution is not applied, common clear water is used for replacing the nutrient solution, and other steps are consistent.
Comparative example 3
The method comprises the following steps: south Asia No. 1 is a planting strain, the planting method adopts the existing common planting method, does not adopt the seedling control dwarfing process, does not add nutrient solution in the flower forcing process, and adopts the traditional flower forcing essence and the traditional seaweed essence.
The flowering of example 1, comparative example 2 is reported below in table 4 below.
TABLE 4 Effect of different planting methods on flower formation in south Asia No. 1
As can be seen from the above table 2, the addition of the dwarfing agent can effectively control the plant height to be about 1.3-1.4m, the addition of the nutrient solution can effectively improve the flowering rate by 42.86-69.49%, the flowering phase is advanced by 20-30 days, and the method plays a role in accelerating the breeding of new species of cassava.
Claims (5)
1. The cultivation method for improving the blooming of the cassava is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting land: selecting a hillside land with relatively poor soil and a place with sufficient illumination for cassava planting; the slope of the hillside is controlled to be 25-30 degrees, the illumination is sufficient, and the hillside is not easy to be attacked by typhoon; controlling the organic matter content of the hillside soil to be 2-3%;
(2) land preparation: during soil preparation, firstly, removing weeds on the ground, harrowing and leveling soil, and excavating planting pits;
(3) variety selection: selecting varieties or strains with medium precocity, bifurcate or trifurcate plant types, strong stems, short and small plants and developed root systems;
(4) planting: placing the seed stems at the planting pits by adopting a flat placement method, then removing the compound fertilizer in the planting pits, respectively applying the compound fertilizer to two ends of the seed stems, and then covering a black mulching film; the compound fertilizer is a compound use of a potassium fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer and an organic fertilizer; wherein the potash fertilizer is potassium sulfate or potassium chloride, and the application amount is 35-40 kg/mu; the application amount of the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is 40-45 kg/mu; the application amount of the organic fertilizer is 40-45 kg/mu;
(5) field management: after 15-20 days of planting, replanting the lacking plants; 30-40 days after planting, sprouting the field, and reserving 1-2 strong sprouts for each plant; weeding in the field 50-60 days after planting;
(6) controlling and dwarfing seedlings: controlling overground seedling spindly growth in the growth middle stage of the cassava 6-8 months, and spraying dwarfing agent on the top end and tender part of the cassava on the basis of wetting without dripping water;
(7) and (3) flowering phase regulation:
applying a potassium fertilizer: applying potassium fertilizer once in the middle ten days of 7 months to the last ten days of 8 months, forming a shallow trench at a position 30-35 cm away from the root of the cassava, uniformly withdrawing the potassium fertilizer in the trench, and backfilling the trench with fine soil to promote the blooming of the cassava;
secondly, dressing foliar fertilizer: spraying a foliar fertilizer 15-20 days after the potassium fertilizer is applied, mainly spraying monopotassium phosphate liquid on the foliar fertilizer for 2-3 times, wherein the spraying concentration is 0.5-1.0%;
spraying flower forcing liquid: spraying a flower forcing solution at the initial stage of flower buds appearing in the last ten days of 8 months, wherein the flower forcing solution is prepared by fully mixing gibberellin with a nutrient solution according to the ratio of 1:1, spraying 1-2 times on the top buds and leaf surfaces of cassava, repeatedly spraying water until the water drops on the leaves, and spraying once every other week;
the nutrient solution comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
a. macroelements: KCl 55-65 mg/L; KH (Perkin Elmer)2PO4 350-450mg/L；KNO3 1100-1200mg/L；MgSO4 17-20mg/L；NH4NO3 1000-1200mg/L；
b. Trace elements: 3.0-4.0 mg/L of FeNaEDTA; MnSO4·H2O 1.5～2.0mg/L；Na2MoO4·2H2O 0.02～0.05 mg/L；ZnSO4·H2O 0.3～0.6 mg/L；
c. Amino acids: 0.2-0.5 g/L of glutamine; 0.2-0.3 g/L of lysine; 0.2-0.3 g/L of glycine; proline is 0.1-0.2 g/L;
d. sucrose: 20-25 g/L;
(8) flower retention: when the plants with branches or flower buds appear, newly grown axillary buds or germinated lateral buds need to be removed in time, and only the flower buds are reserved, so that the plants are induced to bloom.
2. The cultivation method for improving flowering of cassava according to claim 1, wherein in step (3), the cassava varieties are south Asia No. 1, New Algorithm 048, south China No. 9 and south China plant 199.
3. The cultivation method for improving cassava flowering according to claim 1, wherein in the step (6), the seedling control dwarfing includes: removing newly-grown redundant branches of the young cassava trees in time to play a role in ventilation and light transmission, and topping and controlling seedlings when the height of the cassava trees exceeds 1.2-1.5 m.
4. The cultivation method for improving flowering of cassava according to claim 1, wherein in the step (6), the dwarfing agent is a mixture of chlormequat chloride and uniconazole, the mass ratio of the chlormequat chloride to the uniconazole is 1-2:1, and the mass concentration of the chlormequat chloride to the uniconazole is 0.2-0.5%.
5. The cultivation method for improving cassava flowering according to claim 4, wherein the dwarfing agent is sprayed every other month in the middle growth period of cassava 6-8 months.
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