CN113455323A - High-quality and high-yield peanut planting method - Google Patents
High-quality and high-yield peanut planting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113455323A CN113455323A CN202110841860.8A CN202110841860A CN113455323A CN 113455323 A CN113455323 A CN 113455323A CN 202110841860 A CN202110841860 A CN 202110841860A CN 113455323 A CN113455323 A CN 113455323A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of peanut planting and discloses a high-quality and high-yield peanut planting method which comprises the following steps: 1) land preparation: selecting fertile flat land, applying enough base fertilizer, controlling the soil water content to be 65-75%, controlling the soil pH value to be 6-7, and deeply ploughing soil by 40 cm; 2) seed selection: airing the peanuts with the shells 15 days before sowing, shelling the peanuts after airing for 2-3 days, selecting high-quality full peanut seeds, mixing or coating the peanut seeds, airing the peanut seeds in a shade place without collecting the peanut seeds for sowing; 3) sowing; before sowing, the surface temperature is not lower than 15 ℃, 9000 holes are sowed per mu, and 2 grains are sowed in each hole; 4) early management: sealing and weeding in time after the peanut is sowed; the seedlings are timely replenished in the absence of the seedlings, and the seedlings need to be of the same variety in the replenishing process. The invention has the following advantages: according to the high-quality and high-yield peanut planting method, different measures are reasonably applied in different growth periods of peanuts, so that the yield of the peanuts can be effectively improved, and the high yield and high harvest of the peanuts are guaranteed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of peanut planting, in particular to a high-quality and high-yield peanut planting method.
Background
Peanuts, original peanuts, seeds are also called peanuts, American long-growing fruits, belong to seed parts of six major organs of plants, have rough fruit skins, mostly have checkered patterns, have semi-transparent thin skins in the fruits, belong to protective tissues, have light red as the main color, have few dark purple, belong to annual herbaceous plants of Rosales and leguminosae, have upright or creeping stems, are 30-80 cm long, have separated petals from keel petals, have 2-5 cm long pods, 1-1.3 cm wide pods, are expanded, have thick pods, have edges in the period of 6-8 months in flowering fruits, have small stems and branches, are grown soft by yellow, become hairless after-treatment, and have 2 pairs of leaves generally; the length of the leaf support is 2-4 cm, and the leaf support has longitudinal veins and hair; the base of the petiole embraces the stem, is 5-10 cm long and is hairy; the peanut is characterized in that the peanut is made of petiole paper, the petiole paper is oval to inverted egg-shaped, is 2-4 cm long, 0.5-2 cm wide, has a blunt tip and a round shape, is slightly concave, has a small prickle tip and is approximately round at the base, is mainly distributed in Brazil, China, Egyptian and other places, is a raw material for producing edible vegetable oil, can be processed into non-staple food, and is a problem to be solved how to plant high-yield and high-quality peanuts.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a high-quality and high-yield peanut planting method, which has the advantage of being capable of planting high-yield and high-quality peanuts.
(II) technical scheme
In order to realize the purpose of planting high-yield and high-quality peanuts, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a high-quality and high-yield peanut planting method comprises the following steps:
1) land preparation: selecting fertile flat land, applying enough base fertilizer, controlling the soil water content to be 65-75%, controlling the soil pH value to be 6-7, and deeply ploughing soil by 40 cm;
2) seed selection: airing the peanuts with the shells 15 days before sowing, shelling the peanuts after airing for 2-3 days, selecting high-quality full peanut seeds, mixing or coating the peanut seeds, airing the peanut seeds in a shade place without collecting the peanut seeds for sowing;
3) sowing; before sowing, the surface temperature is not lower than 15 ℃, 9000 holes are sowed per mu, and 2 grains are sowed in each hole;
4) early management: sealing and weeding in time after the peanut is sowed; timely replanting seedlings when seedlings are lacking, and the same variety is needed when seedlings are replanting; topdressing is carried out when 4-6 leaves grow out of the peanut plant; timely cleaning the peanut after the peanut is basically flush; during the period from seedling emergence to flower beginning, an intertillage method of hoeing furrows deeply with a large hoe and hoeing ridges back shallowly is adopted for 2-3 times; in the seedling stage of the peanuts, 50 kilograms of water and 120 grams of borax are respectively sprayed for 1 time per mu;
5) and (4) medium-term management: when the first flower of the whole field is opened, water is watered thoroughly for the initial flowering period; in the period of peanut injection, the peak period of water demand and the peak period of fertilizer demand can be realized, the phosphorus, potassium and calcium fertilizers can be supplemented timely, the water content of the soil is sufficient, and the soil is also ensured to be sufficient in the full fruit period; watering is carried out in the morning or at night, so that low-temperature well water irrigation is avoided; continuously spraying 1% urea solution for 2 times from the flowering phase to the pod bearing phase of the peanuts, and spraying 1 time every 7 days; continuously spraying 50 kilograms of water and 50 grams of ammonium molybdate per mu for 1-2 times in the flowering period and the pod period of the peanuts, and spraying for 1 time every 7-10 days; during the pod stage of the peanuts, irrigating roots with plant ash filtrate;
6) and (4) post management: topdressing is carried out outside roots in the full fruit mature period, 1-2% of urea and 2-3% of calcium superphosphate aqueous solution are generally sprayed on the leaf surfaces once every 7-10 days, and the spraying is carried out for 2-3 times; spraying a mixed solution of 0.2-0.3% of monopotassium phosphate and 0.3% of urea solution for 1 time;
7) harvesting: harvesting when most of the leaves at the middle and lower parts of the main stem turn yellow and fall off and the ratio of filled pods reaches more than 70-80%.
Preferably, nutrients are reasonably matched according to the actual condition of the land in the step 1, and calcium-containing alkaline fertilizers such as calcium superphosphate or calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizers are additionally applied to the acid soil; lime nitrogen and biological bacterial manure are additionally applied to the continuous cropping land; the soil and the stubble soil with lower fertility need to be additionally applied with peanut rhizobium fertilizer.
Preferably, the base fertilizer in the step 1 is fully decomposed farmyard manure and a proper amount of chemical fertilizer is added.
Preferably, in the step 5, the method for easily preparing the Chinese herbal ash comprises the following steps: 5 kg of plant ash and 100 kg of water are fully stirred, and after standing for 12 hours, the collected filtrate is used after the plant ash is filtered.
(III) advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention provides a high-quality and high-yield peanut planting method, which has the following beneficial effects:
according to the high-quality and high-yield peanut planting method, different measures are reasonably applied in different growth periods of peanuts, so that the yield of the peanuts can be effectively improved, and the high yield and high harvest of the peanuts are guaranteed.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
A method for planting high-quality and high-yield peanuts. The method comprises the following steps:
1) land preparation: selecting fertile flat land, applying enough base fertilizer, controlling the soil water content to be 65-75%, controlling the soil pH value to be 6-7, and deeply ploughing soil by 40 cm;
2) seed selection: airing the peanuts with the shells 15 days before sowing, shelling the peanuts after airing for 2-3 days, selecting high-quality full peanut seeds, mixing or coating the peanut seeds, airing the peanut seeds in a shade place without collecting the peanut seeds for sowing;
3) sowing; before sowing, the surface temperature is not lower than 15 ℃, 9000 holes are sowed per mu, and 2 grains are sowed in each hole;
4) early management: sealing and weeding in time after the peanut is sowed; timely replanting seedlings when seedlings are lacking, and the same variety is needed when seedlings are replanting; topdressing is carried out when 4-6 leaves grow out of the peanut plant; timely cleaning the peanut after the peanut is basically flush; during the period from seedling emergence to flower beginning, an intertillage method of hoeing furrows deeply with a large hoe and hoeing ridges back shallowly is adopted for 2-3 times; in the seedling stage of the peanuts, the water is sprayed for 1 time according to the dosage of 50 kilograms of water and 120 grams of borax per mu, so that pod seeds of the peanuts can be developed more fully, and the yield can be increased by more than 10 percent generally;
5) and (4) medium-term management: when the first flower of the whole field is opened, water is watered thoroughly for the initial flowering period; in the period of peanut injection, the peak period of water demand and the peak period of fertilizer demand can be realized, the phosphorus, potassium and calcium fertilizers can be supplemented timely, the water content of the soil is sufficient, and the soil is also ensured to be sufficient in the full fruit period; watering is carried out in the morning or at night, so that low-temperature well water irrigation is avoided; when the peanuts are in the flowering period and the pod bearing period, 1% urea solution is continuously sprayed for 2 times and is sprayed for 1 time every 7 days, so that the green-turning and thick-fertilizing of leaves can be well promoted, the photosynthesis and dry matter accumulation of plants can be enhanced, and the yield increase effect of more than 10% can be achieved; molybdenum is an indispensable nutrient for leguminous crops in the flowering and pod periods of peanuts, rhizobia of soybean roots has a strong nitrogen fixation effect and can effectively fix soil nitrogen, and during the flowering and pod periods of peanuts, the rhizobia is continuously sprayed for 1-2 times according to the dosage of 50 kilograms of water and 50 grams of ammonium molybdate per mu and is sprayed for 1 time every 7-10 days, so that pod seeds of peanuts can be developed more fully, and the yield can be increased by more than 10%; during the pod stage of the peanuts, irrigating roots with plant ash filtrate;
6) and (4) post management: the method mainly comprises the steps of managing fertilizer water, protecting leaves, preventing premature senility and performing topdressing outside roots in a full fruit mature period, wherein 1-2% of urea and 2-3% of calcium superphosphate aqueous solution are generally sprayed on the leaves once every 7-10 days for 2-3 times; the monopotassium phosphate can quickly supplement phosphorus and potassium for crops, has very remarkable growth and income increasing effects when being used on various field crops, economic crops, fruits and vegetables, is no exception for peanuts, and is sprayed with a mixed solution of 0.2-0.3% of monopotassium phosphate and 0.3% of urea solution for 1 time, so that the peanuts can bloom more, have more pods and are higher in plumpness, the early senescence of peanut stems and leaves can be effectively prevented, the later yield increasing and income increasing effects are very remarkable, and for peanut fields with yellow leaves, 0.3% of urea solution can be added when the monopotassium phosphate is sprayed, so that the using effect is better;
7) harvesting: harvesting when most of the leaves at the middle and lower parts of the main stem turn yellow and fall off and the proportion of filled pods reaches more than 70-80%, and if preparing seeds, immediately drying the fruits to the moisture content of less than 10%.
In the step 1, nutrients are reasonably matched according to the actual condition of the land, and calcium-containing alkaline fertilizers such as calcium superphosphate or calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizers and the like are additionally applied to the acid soil; lime nitrogen and biological bacterial manure are additionally applied to the continuous cropping land; the soil and the stubble soil with lower fertility need to be additionally applied with peanut rhizobium fertilizer.
In the step 1, the base fertilizer is prepared by adding a proper amount of fertilizer into fully decomposed farmyard manure.
Step 5, the method for easily preparing the Chinese herbal medicine ash comprises the following steps: the method is characterized in that 5 kg of plant ash and 100 kg of water are fully stirred, plant ash is filtered after standing for 12 hours, collected filtrate is used, and peanut spraying plant ash has the effects of potassium supplementing, drought resisting, lodging resistance and disease reduction, and has a good effect of increasing later-stage yield.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the high-quality and high-yield peanut planting method, different measures are reasonably applied in different growth periods of peanuts, so that the yield of the peanuts can be effectively improved, and the high yield and high harvest of the peanuts are guaranteed.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (4)
1. A high-quality and high-yield peanut planting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) land preparation: selecting fertile flat land, applying enough base fertilizer, controlling the soil water content to be 65-75%, controlling the soil pH value to be 6-7, and deeply ploughing soil by 40 cm;
2) seed selection: airing the peanuts with the shells 15 days before sowing, shelling the peanuts after airing for 2-3 days, selecting high-quality full peanut seeds, mixing or coating the peanut seeds, airing the peanut seeds in a shade place without collecting the peanut seeds for sowing;
3) sowing; before sowing, the surface temperature is not lower than 15 ℃, 9000 holes are sowed per mu, and 2 grains are sowed in each hole;
4) early management: sealing and weeding in time after the peanut is sowed; timely replanting seedlings when seedlings are lacking, and the same variety is needed when seedlings are replanting; topdressing is carried out when 4-6 leaves grow out of the peanut plant; timely cleaning the peanut after the peanut is basically flush; during the period from seedling emergence to flower beginning, an intertillage method of hoeing furrows deeply with a large hoe and hoeing ridges back shallowly is adopted for 2-3 times; in the seedling stage of the peanuts, 50 kilograms of water and 120 grams of borax are respectively sprayed for 1 time per mu;
5) and (4) medium-term management: when the first flower of the whole field is opened, water is watered thoroughly for the initial flowering period; in the period of peanut injection, the peak period of water demand and the peak period of fertilizer demand can be realized, the phosphorus, potassium and calcium fertilizers can be supplemented timely, the water content of the soil is sufficient, and the soil is also ensured to be sufficient in the full fruit period; watering is carried out in the morning or at night, so that low-temperature well water irrigation is avoided; continuously spraying 1% urea solution for 2 times from the flowering phase to the pod bearing phase of the peanuts, and spraying 1 time every 7 days; continuously spraying 50 kilograms of water and 50 grams of ammonium molybdate per mu for 1-2 times in the flowering period and the pod period of the peanuts, and spraying for 1 time every 7-10 days; during the pod stage of the peanuts, irrigating roots with plant ash filtrate;
6) and (4) post management: topdressing is carried out outside roots in the full fruit mature period, 1-2% of urea and 2-3% of calcium superphosphate aqueous solution are generally sprayed on the leaf surfaces once every 7-10 days, and the spraying is carried out for 2-3 times; spraying a mixed solution of 0.2-0.3% of monopotassium phosphate and 0.3% of urea solution for 1 time;
7) harvesting: harvesting when most of the leaves at the middle and lower parts of the main stem turn yellow and fall off and the ratio of filled pods reaches more than 70-80%.
2. The method for planting high-quality and high-yield peanuts according to claim 1, wherein nutrients are reasonably matched according to the actual conditions of the land in the step 1, and calcium-containing alkaline fertilizers such as calcium superphosphate, calcium magnesium phosphate and the like are additionally applied to the acid soil; lime nitrogen and biological bacterial manure are additionally applied to the continuous cropping land; the soil and the stubble soil with lower fertility need to be additionally applied with peanut rhizobium fertilizer.
3. The method for planting high-quality and high-yield peanuts as claimed in claim 1, wherein the base fertilizer in step 1 is a fully decomposed farmyard manure with a proper amount of chemical fertilizer.
4. The method for planting peanuts with good quality and high yield as claimed in claim 1, wherein the easy preparation method of the plant ash in the step 5 comprises the following steps: 5 kg of plant ash and 100 kg of water are fully stirred, and after standing for 12 hours, the collected filtrate is used after the plant ash is filtered.
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| CN202110841860.8A CN113455323A (en) | 2021-07-26 | 2021-07-26 | High-quality and high-yield peanut planting method |
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| CN202110841860.8A CN113455323A (en) | 2021-07-26 | 2021-07-26 | High-quality and high-yield peanut planting method |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115843641A (en) * | 2022-11-16 | 2023-03-28 | 河南省农业科学院经济作物研究所 | Later-period accurate regulation and control method for peanuts |
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2021
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115843641A (en) * | 2022-11-16 | 2023-03-28 | 河南省农业科学院经济作物研究所 | Later-period accurate regulation and control method for peanuts |
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Application publication date: 20211001 |