CN115843641A - Later-period accurate regulation and control method for peanuts - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a later-stage accurate regulation and control method for peanuts, which specifically comprises the following steps: 20-25 days before peanut harvest, spraying diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, naphthylacetic acid and pyraclostrobin on leaf surfaces. The invention relates to subversion and innovation of the traditional management concept of peanuts, which mainly makes a corresponding regulation and control technology in the later stage according to the growth and development rules of different peanut varieties, coordinates overground and underground growth, and integrates the accurate regulation and control technologies of 'full seedling, strong root, flower promotion, vigorous growth control and anti-aging' for later-stage leaf protection and fruit promotion.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of peanut planting, in particular to a later-stage accurate regulation and control method for peanuts.
Background
Chinese peanuts are widely distributed and planted in various places. The main producing areas are Shandong, dong Liaoning, guangdong Leizhou peninsula, huang-Huai river areas and the coastal hills and sandy areas of the southeast coast. The areas such as the north of the northern China, the northern China of Su and the southern China, the Shandong peninsula, the southern Shanzhong hills, the Jidong \28390, the downstream of the river, the Yudong Huangpan area and the northern China of Su and Wan are key producing areas of peanuts in the northern China.
For peanuts, particularly summer peanuts, the traditional management concept is 'promoting the front, controlling the middle and keeping the back'. That is, growth promotion is mainly performed in the early stage after emergence of seedlings, urea or compound fertilizer is generally applied, or foliage fertilizer and bactericide for promoting growth are sprayed on the foliage, but as the diseases of the leaves in the seedling stage are not serious, the significance of spraying the bactericide on the foliage in the seedling stage is not great, and farmers generally have the problems of over-ensuring overground part growth and neglecting underground part growth, so that the root system development is not developed enough, the later-stage root system absorption is insufficient, plants are yellowed, the nutrition supply is insufficient, the diseases of the leaves are serious, and the like, and finally the problems can be solved by applying additional fertilizer to the leaves and applying pesticide to a large amount of the leaves; in the middle period, vigorous growth control, bactericide spraying on leaf surfaces and leaf surface fertilizers are mainly used, the plants are higher due to 'forward promotion', vigorous growth control is needed in the middle period, but the root system development is in a fixed position, vigorous growth control cannot promote the re-growth of the root system, and a vigorous growth control medicament and the leaf surface fertilizers are sprayed simultaneously, so that the vigorous growth control effect is poor due to the antagonistic action among medicaments, and secondary vigorous growth control is needed sometimes; the later stage is with foliage bactericide + leaf fertilizer as leading to, because leaf portion is carried to a large amount of nutrition, can make the leaf surface (including the redundant blade in many bottoms) keep bright green for a long time, although it is very good to see the disease prevention effect on the surface, in fact, a large amount of blades can consume a lot of nutrients, thereby lead to carrying the nutrition reduction of pod, the pod is full phase and need the extension, the fruit needs to be received late, and, because promote overground part growth excessively in earlier stage, root system development is not enough, thereby lead to the later stage root system absorbed quantity not enough to supply a large amount of blades and pod, can only maintain normal growth result through a lot of leaf portion spraying nutrition.
Therefore, how to precisely regulate the growth process of the peanuts is a problem to be solved urgently by the technical personnel in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention aims to provide a later-stage accurate regulation and control method for peanuts, so as to solve the defects in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a late-stage accurate regulation and control method for peanuts specifically comprises the following steps: 20-25 days before peanut harvest, spraying diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, naphthylacetic acid and pyraclostrobin on leaf surfaces.
Further, the spraying amount of the fresh amine grease is 18-20 g/mu; the spraying amount of the naphthylacetic acid is 4.5-5 g/mu; the spraying amount of the pyraclostrobin is 18-20 g/mu.
The beneficial effect who adopts above-mentioned further technical scheme lies in, the main purpose of accurate regulation and control in later stage: the method has the advantages of preventing premature senility, promoting fruit, coordinating material distribution, regulating more nutrients to be transported to the pods at later stage, promoting rapid maturity of the pods, ensuring a certain amount of nutrients to be transported to the leaves, and ensuring the service life of functional leaves (the old leaves at the lower part have weak functions, do not see light in the group, have limited synthesis capacity, and thus not need to maintain the functions of the functional leaves, and can control more nutrients to be transported to the pods while ensuring the synthesis capacity). The effect is as follows: the functional leaves can stably maintain the functions, do not senilism in the later period, have green leaves and large pods, and have good maturity.
Among them, diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate was a high-energy plant growth regulator newly discovered by american scientists in the 90 s and having broad-spectrum and breakthrough effects. It can raise the activity of plant peroxidase and nitrate reductase, raise chlorophyll content, accelerate photosynthesis, promote the division and elongation of plant cell, promote the growth of root system and regulate the balance of nutrients in body, and is used as pesticide additive and fertilizer additive. The fresh amine fat has the following effects: the growth and development of plants are effectively regulated mainly by regulating the contents of nucleic acid, protein and peroxidase in vivo, and finally, the yield and the quality of crops can be greatly improved. The amine fresh fat has the product advantages that: 1. broad spectrum, can be used for various economic crops and grain crops; 2. the long-term use is suitable for the whole growth period of plants; 3. low cost and high benefit, and the yield increasing effect exceeds that of other growth promoters by more than 10 percent; 4. the fertilizer efficiency and the pesticide effect are improved, and the input-output ratio is improved; 5. the quality of crops is improved; 6. has special detoxifying effect and reduces the phytotoxicity.
The molecular formula of the naphthylacetic acid is C 12 H 10 O 2 It has the function of plant growth regulator. The naphthylacetic acid is absorbed by roots, stems and leaves, and can promote the development of peanut root systems and the maturity of peanut pods.
Pyraclostrobin, chemical name N- [2- [ [1- (4-chlorophenyl) pyrazol-3-yl]Oxymethyl radical]Phenyl radical]-N-methoxy carbamic acid methyl ester of formula C 19 H 18 ClN 3 O 4 . Pyraclostrobin is strobilurin fungicide, can finally cause cell death by inhibiting mitochondrial respiration, and has the functions of protection, treatment and leaf penetration and conduction. The master pyraclostrobin is used for controlling the fungal infection of cropsVarious diseases caused by bacteria have better control efficacy on wheat powdery mildew and gibberellic disease. Pyraclostrobin has direct effect on pathogenic bacteria, and can induce physiological phenomena of many crops, especially grains, such as improving nitrogen absorption, promoting crop rapid growth, increasing crop yield, and achieving the purpose of high crop yield.
Further, still include: and (4) spraying zinc sulfate on the land which is lack of zinc. Furthermore, the spraying amount of the zinc sulfate is 20-30 g/mu, and 15kg of water is added.
The beneficial effect of adopting the further technical proposal is that zinc sulfate is an inorganic compound with a chemical formula of ZnSO 4 Colorless or white crystals, granules or powders. The zinc sulfate can be used for preventing diseases of fruit tree nurseries, is a common fertilizer for supplementing zinc microelement fertilizer for crops, and can be used as a base fertilizer, a leaf fertilizer and the like.
According to the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention relates to subversion and innovation of the traditional management concept of peanuts, which mainly makes a corresponding regulation and control technology in the later stage according to the growth and development rules of different peanut varieties, coordinates overground and underground growth, and integrates the accurate regulation and control technologies of 'full seedling, strong root, flower promotion, vigorous growth control and anti-aging' for later-stage leaf protection and fruit promotion.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a comparison chart of peanuts in the later-stage accurate regulation and control method (left) and conventional management conditions (right) of peanuts in example 1;
FIG. 2 is a general view of peanuts in the later-stage precise control method of peanuts in example 1;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of the fruits of peanuts under the post-accurate regulation and control method of the peanuts in example 1.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The later-stage accurate regulation and control method of the peanuts specifically comprises the following steps: 20-25 days before peanut harvest, 20 g/mu of amine fresh fat, 4.8 g/mu of naphthylacetic acid and 20 g/mu of pyraclostrobin are sprayed on leaf surfaces, 25 g/mu of zinc sulfate is sprayed on a land block lacking zinc, and 15kg of water is added.
Example 2
The later-stage accurate regulation and control method of the peanuts specifically comprises the following steps: 20-25 days before peanut harvest, spraying fresh amine fat 18 g/mu, naphthylacetic acid 4.5 g/mu and pyraclostrobin 18 g/mu on leaf surfaces, spraying zinc sulfate 20 g/mu on zinc-deficient plots, and adding 15kg of water.
Example 3
The later-stage accurate regulation and control method of the peanuts specifically comprises the following steps: 20-25 days before peanut harvest, spraying diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate-20 g/mu, naphthylacetic acid 5 g/mu and pyraclostrobin 20 g/mu on leaf surfaces, spraying zinc sulfate 30 g/mu on a land which is deficient in zinc, and adding 15kg of water.
Performance testing
1. Example 1 peanut accurate control technique demonstration yield measurement report
In 2022, 29.8, specialists organized by academy of agricultural sciences of the province of Henan, on a peanut precise control technology demonstration field established in Taihe town, qin county, of the society on which the economic crop research is located, the yield is measured, and the reports are as follows:
1. basic overview of exemplary field
1. Demonstration of the field location: the Taihe Zhen Liu Jicun is collected in the city of Nanyang, henan province.
2. The area is 200 mu.
3. Variety: yuhua No. 22.
4. The soil fertility condition: loam, medium-grade fertility.
5. The production technology comprises the following steps: example 1 peanut precision control technique.
6. Sowing date: 2022, 5 month and 11 days.
2. Method for measuring yield
Sampling at 5 random points, measuring row spacing, collecting and planing 2 m and 4 rows at each sampling point, weighing the fresh fruit weight, counting the number of plants, and calculating the fresh fruit weight and planting density per mu according to the average fresh fruit weight and the number of plants at the sampling points. And calculating the actual yield according to the drying rate of 55% and the shrinkage coefficient of 0.85.
3. Measurement of yield
The field production is tested by an expert group: the planting density of the demonstration field is 14377.56 plants/mu, the average fresh fruit weight per mu is 1390.93kg, and the actual yield per mu is 650.26kg.
4. Review of technical applications
Through field observation and on-the-spot survey production, the expert group unanimously thinks that the output of accurate regulation and control technique is effectual, and scientific and practical suggests to increase the popularization dynamics.
2. Example 2 peanut accurate control technique demonstration yield measurement report
In 2022, 17 th of 9 th of month, specialists organized by academy of agricultural sciences in Henan province performed yield measurement on a peanut precise regulation and control technology demonstration field established in the country of the Fuli shop, the county where the economic crop research is located, and the report is as follows:
1. basic overview of exemplary field
1. Demonstration of the field location: the Bingyang city of Xinyang province in Henan province, bao Li shop, county, peng Xiaozhuang village.
2. The area is 1000 mu.
3. Variety: yuhua 65.
4. The soil fertility condition: loam, medium fertility.
5. The production technology comprises the following steps: example 2 peanut precision control technique.
6. A sowing mode: and (6) direct seeding in summer.
7. Sowing date: 6 months and 6 days in 2022.
2. Method for measuring yield
Sampling at 5 random points, measuring row spacing, collecting and planing 2 m double rows at each sampling point, weighing fresh fruit weight, counting plant number, and calculating fresh fruit weight and planting density per mu according to the average fresh fruit weight and plant number at the sampling points. And calculating the actual yield according to the drying rate of 57% and the shrinkage coefficient of 0.86.
3. Measurement of yield
The field production is tested by an expert group: the planting density of the demonstration field is 23366 plants/mu, the average fresh fruit weight per mu is 920.50kg, and the actual yield per mu is 451.23kg.
4. Review of technical applications
Through field observation and field production measurement, the expert group consistently believes that the yield increasing effect of the precise regulation technology is good, the method is scientific and practical, and the promotion is recommended to be enhanced.
3. Example 3 peanut accurate control technique demonstration yield measurement report
10/2022, relevant experts of agricultural academy of sciences of Henan province, performing yield measurement on a peanut precise regulation and control technology demonstration field established in Lotus town of Dangyang county of economic crop research institute, and reporting as follows:
1. basic overview of exemplary field
1. Demonstration of the field location: zhao cun Chang was a lotus flower Zheng Chang village in dancing Yang prefecture of Luo city, henan province.
2. Area: the technical area is accurately regulated and controlled to be 50 mu, and the technical area is controlled to be 100 mu.
3. Variety: yuhua No. 22.
4. The soil fertility condition: loam, medium fertility.
5. The production technology comprises the following steps: the treatment field adopts the peanut precise control technology in example 3, and the contrast field adopts the local conventional management technology.
6. A sowing mode: and (5) directly sowing wheat seeds.
7. Sowing date: 2022, 6 months and 11 days.
2. Method for measuring yield
Sampling at 5 random points, measuring row spacing, collecting and planing 2 m and 4 rows at each sampling point, weighing the fresh fruit weight, counting the number of plants, and calculating the fresh fruit weight and planting density per mu according to the average fresh fruit weight and the number of plants at the sampling points. And calculating the actual yield according to the dry folding rate of 55% and the shrinkage coefficient of 0.85.
3. Measurement of yield
The field production is tested by an expert group: the average fresh fruit weight per mu of the demonstration field is 1104.22kg, and the actual yield per mu is 469.29kg; the average fresh fruit weight per mu of the control field is 864.63kg, which is equivalent to the actual yield per mu of 367.47kg. Compared with the conventional management, the yield is increased by 27.71% by adopting the precise regulation and control technology in the embodiment 3.
4. Review of technical applications
Through field observation and field production measurement, the expert group consistently believes that the yield increasing effect of the precise regulation technology is good, the method is scientific and practical, and the promotion is recommended to be enhanced.
Through the experiments, the diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate and the pyraclostrobin are combined, so that the effect is better.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (6)
1. The method for accurately regulating and controlling the later period of the peanuts is characterized by comprising the following steps: 20-25 days before peanut harvest, spraying diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, naphthylacetic acid and pyraclostrobin on leaf surfaces.
2. The method for accurately regulating and controlling later stage of peanuts according to claim 1, wherein the spraying amount of the amine fresh fat is 18-20 g/mu.
3. The method for accurately regulating and controlling later period of peanuts according to claim 1, wherein the spraying amount of the naphthylacetic acid is 4.5-5 g/mu.
4. The late-stage accurate regulation and control method for peanuts according to claim 1, wherein the spraying amount of pyraclostrobin is 18-20 g/mu.
5. The peanut post-stage accurate regulation and control method according to claim 1, further comprising: and spraying zinc sulfate on the land areas lacking zinc.
6. The method for accurately regulating and controlling later period of peanuts according to claim 5, wherein the spraying amount of zinc sulfate is 20-30 g/mu, and 15kg of water is added.
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