CN110447495A - A kind of high yield cultivation method of peanut - Google Patents
A kind of high yield cultivation method of peanut Download PDFInfo
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- CN110447495A CN110447495A CN201910886660.7A CN201910886660A CN110447495A CN 110447495 A CN110447495 A CN 110447495A CN 201910886660 A CN201910886660 A CN 201910886660A CN 110447495 A CN110447495 A CN 110447495A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of high yield cultivation method of peanut, comprising the following steps: 1) selection suitable soil, it is scientific and reasonable to use sufficient base fertilizer；2) the thin rake of deep ploughing and bedding, simple grain band shell precision drilling peanut；3) seedling is looked into after peanut emergence to fill the gaps with seedlings, inhibit seedling prosperous growth；4) application in time of loosening the soil is intertilled；5) the prosperous management of peanut control is carried out；6) do later period field management well, harvest peanut in due course.The present invention is sowed using peanut simple grain band shell, the method that whole process controls vigorous growing and strengthen seedlings, simply, easy to implement, optimize peanut yielding Populations, high yield shelf has been set up, has sufficiently solved that individual present in peanut production is more and uneven, and how not firm needle is, the problems such as fruit more insatiable hungers, sufficiently excavates the high yield potential for developing peanut；Compared with conventional peanut cultivation method, mu saves seed costs 100-120 member, and mu increases production 69.5-82.5kg, mu synergy 347.5-412.5 member.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of high yield cultivation method of peanut, belong to crop planting field.
Background technique
Peanut belongs to plant kingdom's Angiospermae, alias peanut, peanut, mud beans, kind beans, beans etc., pulse family 1 year
Raw herbaceous plant, stem is upright or crawls, and long 30-80cm, Ye Tongchang leaflet 2 is right, ovate oblong to obovate, and long 2-4cm is wide
0.5-2cm, the long 2-5cm of pod, wide 1-1.3cm expansion, pod thickness seed transverse diameter 0.5-1cm are high energy, high protein and high lipid food
Object, peanut is cholesterol-free and trans-fatty acid, rich in micronutrient, phytosterol, resveratrol, isoflavones, anti-oxidant
The substances such as agent are the excellent substitutes of cream, carnivorous object, and to balanced diet, the nutrition and health status for improving resident have important
Effect, while also having enhancing development, brain tonic and intelligence development, anti-aging, moistening lung to arrest cough, hemostasis, reduction cholesterol, blood-nourishing logical
Cream, anti-cancer and other effects.
For peanut using conventional Production of Large Fields plantation, often density is big, and management measure is not in place, causes prosperous growth excessive growth, group
Particularly thorny with individual, easy early ageing, precocity limit further increasing for peanut yield.
Summary of the invention
In view of the above existing problems in the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of high yield cultivation method of peanut, take simple grain band
Shell precision drilling flexibly controls density according to geology and fertilizer and water condition, and whole materialization combination controls vigorous growing and strengthen seedlings, and has set up high yield
The shelf of harvesting high-quality high-yield is promoted and is pricked under peanut floricome, improves peanut yield, and effect is very significant.
To achieve the goals above, a kind of high yield cultivation method of peanut that the present invention uses, comprising the following steps:
1) the suitable soil of selection, it is scientific and reasonable to use sufficient base fertilizer；
2) the thin rake of deep ploughing and bedding, simple grain band shell precision drilling peanut；
3) seedling is looked into after peanut emergence to fill the gaps with seedlings, inhibit seedling prosperous growth；
4) application in time of loosening the soil is intertilled；
5) the prosperous management of peanut control is carried out；
6) do later period field management well, harvest peanut in due course.
As an improvement, using raw stubble or field from which wheat has been reaped as plantation plot, mu applies Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 10- in the step 1)
15kg, potassium sulfate 8-15kg, farmyard manure 2500-3000kg.
As an improvement, the thin rake of deep ploughing and bedding, the wide 80-90cm of furrow, the high 5-6cm of furrow, between furrow and furrow in the step 2)
It is spaced 20-25cm, furrow face mu is watered 30-50kg even spraying with Acetochlor 60-100ml, it overlay film and is fastened immediately after spray,
Then perforator rupture of membranes program request simple grain covered peanut seed is used, row, hill spacing press 38-45cm × 15-18cm, adjacent in the ranks to misplace a little
It broadcasts, planting hole then is sealed with wet soil, make to seal cave soil one hill of formation.
As an improvement, the peanut seed is that No. 9 or white sand 285 are spent in Shandong.
As an improvement, looking into seedling in the step 3) after peanut emergence and filling the gaps with seedlings, go to cut weeds, clear restraining the growth of seedlings, will bury after neat seedling
Two panels leaf in soil clears out ground and plucks out side shoot under film, and the soil pushed aside is buried nest after 15-20 days, and needle, mu are met in ridging
With the Triiodobenzoic acid solution 30-50kg even spraying of 80-100ppm.
As an improvement, watering in right amount in the step 4) when meeting drought, flood draining in time is met, it is ensured that suitable soil moisture in the soil
Feelings, middle and later periods combine watering or rain, and spread fertilizer over the fields potassium sulfate 10-15kg per acre, spray 2-3% calcium superphosphate in conjunction with prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control mu
Clarified solution 30-50kg1 to 2.
As an improvement, in the step 5), in floricome to fruiting period, when stem is up to 30-35cm, mu 80-100g
Borax and 43% the eleventh of the twelve Earthly Branches azoles alcohol suspending agent of 20-25ml are watered 30-50kg even spraying.
As an improvement, in the step 6), mu is uniform with 50% 1000-1500 times of liquid 30kg of carbendazim when peanut disease
It is spraying；1000-1500 times of 1% emamectin-benzoate of 30-50kg of mu when beet tops moth, prodenia litura insect pest
Liquid is spraying；Mu 10% 800-1000 times of liquid 30-50kg of imidacloprid wettable powder or 50% Aphox wettable when aphid
1500-2000 times of liquid 30-50kg of pulvis is spraying；48% Le Siben missible oil of grub or 800-1000 times of phoxim emulsifiable concentrate of 40%
Liquid is by cave hole irrigation；In conjunction with prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control florescence 80-100 grams of+100-120 grams of ferrous sulfate+50-100 grams of borax molybdic acid of mu
Ammonium is watered 30-50kg even spraying；Pod expands seed benevolence influx time, and it is water-soluble that mu sprays 30-50kg 0.1-0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate
Liquid 2-3 times, every minor tick 7-10 days；When peanut plant inferior leads slabbing Huang falls off, upper blade is in yellow green, plumpness 75-
It is harvested in time when 80%.
Compared with prior art, the present invention using peanut simple grain band shell sow, peanut shell itself N rich in, P, K and
Various minerals, with shell sowing have the effect of give itself fertilising, single grain fine sowing can ensure fresh branches and leaves of peanut seedling entirely, full stand, robust seedling, into
One step improves Seedling Quality, neutralizing group and individual contradiction, nurturing staff；Timely thinning fills the gaps with seedlings and sprays triiodo-benzene first in due course
Acid inhibits seedling prosperous growth, substantially reduces peanut one, two section section spacing, cultivates peanut strong sprout；Whole science water and fertilizer control, in
Later period adds borax to mend boron sterilization by spraying to control vigorous growing and strengthen seedlings, flexibly do field management well using the prosperous method of physics control, optimize with the eleventh of the twelve Earthly Branches azoles alcohol
Peanut yielding Populations, have set up high yield shelf, sufficiently solve that individual present in peanut production is more and uneven, and needle is mostly not
Real, the main problems such as more insatiable hungers of fruit are sufficiently excavated and develop peanut high yield potential.
Compared with conventional peanut cultivation method, mu saves seed costs 100-120 member, and mu increases production 69.5-82.5kg, mu synergy
347.5-412.5 first.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention is carried out below further detailed
It describes in detail bright.However, it should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, it is not limited to this hair
Bright range.
Embodiment 1
A kind of high yield cultivation method of peanut, comprising the following steps:
1) select that soil layer is deep, quality is loose, retain water and nutrients ability is strong, irrigation and drainage are convenient and preceding stubble for corn plot conduct
Field is planted, mu applies Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 15kg, potassium sulfate 15kg, high-quality farmyard manure 3000kg；
2) Yu Sanyue 28 carry out deep plough thin rake and bedding to plot, and the wide 85cm of furrow, furrow high 5cm are spaced between furrow and furrow
25cm, furrow face mu are watered 30kg even spraying with 50% Acetochlor 60ml, overlay film and fasten immediately after spray, use perforator
No. 9 simple grain covered peanut seeds, line-spacing 40cm, hill spacing 16cm are spent in rupture of membranes program request Shandong, then wet soil is used in adjacent rows dislocation program request
Planting hole is sealed, makes to seal cave soil one hill of formation；
3) seedling is looked into time after peanut emergence to fill the gaps with seedlings, go to cut weeds, cleaning restraining the growth of seedlings in time, the two panels that will be embedded in soil after neat seedling
Leaf clears out ground and plucks out side shoot under film, and the soil pushed aside is buried nest by April 20, and needle is met in ridging, and mu is with the three of 80ppm at this time
Peanut seedling stage prosperous growth can be effectively suppressed in iodo-benzoic acid solution 30kg even spraying, promotes lateral root growth and shortens each internode of peanut
Away from nurturing staff promotes to prick under floricome to increase production and laying the foundation；
4) peanut drought pours flooded row, it is ensured that suitable soil moisture content, the middle and later periods combines watering or rains spreads fertilizer over the fields 15kg sulphur per acre
Sour potassium sprays 2 times altogether in conjunction with the calcium superphosphate clarified solution 30kg of prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control mu spray 2%, is spaced 7 days once, controls prosperous rush
It is strong, it protects flower and promotees fruit；
5) growth medium (in floricome to fruiting period), the progress control as stem 35cm, mu 80 grams of boraxs and 25ml
43% the eleventh of the twelve Earthly Branches azoles alcohol suspending agent is watered 30kg even spraying, has the function of that mending boron protects flower, sterilizing disease-preventing, controls vigorous growing and strengthen seedlings volume increase, and 10
Found after it is still prosperous, take take the lead with broom clap pressure etc. measures auxiliary control it is prosperous, manually growing point is extractd wherein taking the lead；
6) middle and later periods combines the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control to do blade face supplementary fertilizer well, and peanut disease has leaf spot, net blotch, root rot, root
Maize ear rot, mu with 50% 1500 times of liquid 30kg even sprayings of carbendazim；Insect pest has beet tops moth, prodenia litura, 1% first ammonia of mu
1000 times of liquid 30kg even sprayings of base abamectin benzoate；Mu is with 800 times of imidacloprid wettable powder of 10% when aphid
Liquid 30kg even spraying；Grub is with 48% Le Siben missible oil, 800 times of liquid by cave hole irrigation；Florescence combines the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, and mu is with 100
Gram+100 grams of ferrous sulfate+60 grams of borax ammonium molybdate is watered 30kg even spraying, can solve because pour water or rain after peanut iron deficiency send out
Yellow symptom mends boron and mends molybdenum, protects flower rush fruit and achieves higher output；Pod expands seed benevolence influx time, and mu sprays 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate water of 30kg
Solution 3 times, be spaced 7 days it is primary, can effectively anti-early ageing promote grain weight, improve yield；No. 6 peanut inferior leads slabbing Huangs of August fall off, on
Portion's blade is in yellow green, and when plumpness 80% harvests in time.
It in soil fertility and fills in the almost the same field of row's condition, routinely 2, every cave of peanut cultivation method program request Shandong spends 9
Number seed, florescence mu are watered 30kg even spraying and blade face spray boron with 40 grams of paclobutrazols, reinforce the measures such as field disease pest management, plant
Peanut is planted to test as a comparison.
In field similar in fertility, the above implantation methods is taken to carry out the high-yield planting and conventional peanut cultivation pair of peanut
It than test, is repeated to obtain mean comparisons' data three times, such as table 1 (setting conventional peanut cultivation as control CK).
The comparative test of 1 two kinds of planting methods of table
Illustrate: dry peanut calculates by 5 yuan/kg
Known to analytical table 1: using high yield cultivating method of the invention, peanut plant height is averaged 42.6cm, than control group
The short 3.9cm of 46.5cm, all kinds of fruits increase 37 grams, per mu yield 457.5kg of the present invention, 2287.5 yuan of mu benefit again, and compare per mu yield
375kg, 1875 yuan of mu benefit, the present invention is than 412.5 yuan of mu synergy of control, and Increasing Efficiency 22%, effect is very significant.
Embodiment 2
A kind of high yield cultivation method of peanut, comprising the following steps:
1) select that soil layer is deep, quality is loose, retain water and nutrients ability is strong, irrigation and drainage are convenient and preceding stubble for rape plot conduct
Field is planted, mu applies Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 12kg, potassium sulfate 12kg, high-quality farmyard manure 2500kg；
2) Yu Siyue 1 deep ploughs over the ground carefully harrows simultaneously bedding, and the wide 90cm of furrow, furrow high 6cm are spaced 20cm, furrow face mu between furrow and furrow
It is watered 30kg even spraying with 50% Acetochlor 70ml, overlay film and is fastened immediately after spray, it is white with perforator rupture of membranes program request
Then sowing is sealed with wet soil in husky 285 simple grain covered peanut seeds, line-spacing 42cm, hill spacing 18cm, adjacent rows dislocation program request
Hole makes to seal cave soil one hill of formation；
3) seedling is looked into time after peanut emergence to fill the gaps with seedlings, go to cut weeds, cleaning restraining the growth of seedlings in time, the two panels that will be embedded in soil after neat seedling
Leaf clears out ground and plucks out side shoot under film, and the soil pushed aside is buried nest by April 24, and needle is met in ridging, and mu is with 100ppm's at this time
Peanut seedling stage prosperous growth can be effectively suppressed in Triiodobenzoic acid solution 30kg even spraying, and lateral root growth and shortening peanut is promoted respectively to save
Spacing, nurturing staff promote to prick under floricome to increase production and laying the foundation；
4) peanut drought pours flooded row, it is ensured that suitable soil moisture content, the middle and later periods combines watering or rains spreads fertilizer over the fields 13kg sulphur per acre
Sour potassium, in conjunction with the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, the calcium superphosphate clarified solution 30kg of mu spray 3% is sprayed 2 times altogether, is spaced 10 days once, is controlled prosperous rush
It is strong, it protects flower and promotees fruit；
5) growth medium (in floricome to fruiting period), the progress control in stem 33cm, mu 90 grams of boraxs and 25ml
43% the eleventh of the twelve Earthly Branches azoles alcohol suspending agent is watered 30kg even spraying, has the function of that mending boron protects flower, sterilizing disease-preventing, controls vigorous growing and strengthen seedlings volume increase, and 8 days
After find it is still prosperous, take take the lead, density (i.e. removal the close branch disease branch of old leaf disease leaf), the physical measures such as suppression strengthen plant, do well
It controls prosperous；
6) middle and later periods combines the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control to do blade face supplementary fertilizer well, and peanut disease has leaf spot, net blotch, root rot, root
Maize ear rot mu with 50% 1500 times of liquid 30kg even sprayings of carbendazim；Insect pest has beet tops moth, prodenia litura, 1% first ammonia of mu
1200 times of liquid 30kg even sprayings of base abamectin benzoate；Aphid mu with 50% 1500 times of liquid of Aphox wettable powder
30kg even spraying；Grub is with 40% 3000 times of liquid of phoxim emulsifiable concentrate by cave hole irrigation；Florescence combines the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, and mu is with 80
Gram+110 grams of ferrous sulfate+80 grams of borax ammonium molybdate is watered 30kg even spraying, can solve because pour water or rain after peanut iron deficiency send out
Yellow symptom mends boron and mends molybdenum, protects flower rush fruit and achieves higher output；Pod expands seed benevolence influx time, and mu sprays 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate water of 30kg
Solution 2 times, be spaced 8 days it is primary, can effectively anti-early ageing promote grain weight, improve yield；No. 10 peanut inferior leads slabbing Huangs of August fall off,
Upper blade is in yellow green, and when plumpness 75% harvests in time.
It in soil fertility and fills in the almost the same field of row's condition, routinely 2,3, the every cave of peanut cultivation method sequence
1016 peanut seed of program request white sand, florescence mu are watered 30kg even spraying and blade face with 35 gram 15% of paclobutrazol wettable powder
Boron is sprayed, the measures such as field disease pest management are reinforced, plantation peanut is tested as a comparison.
In field similar in fertility, the above implantation methods is taken to carry out the high-yield culturing and conventional peanut cultivation pair of peanut
It than test, is repeated to obtain mean comparisons' data three times, such as table 2 (setting conventional peanut cultivation as control CK).
The comparative test of 2 two kinds of planting methods of table
Illustrate: dry peanut is calculated by 5 yuan/kg.
Known to analytical table 2: using high yield cultivating method of the invention, peanut plant height is averaged 41.8cm, than control
The short 3.6cm of 45.4cm, all kinds of fruits increase 24.5 grams, per mu yield 447.5kg of the present invention, 2237.5 yuan of mu benefit again, and compare per mu yield
378kg, 1890 yuan of mu benefit, the present invention is than 347.5 yuan of control group mu synergy, Increasing Efficiency 18.4%, significant effect.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all in essence of the invention
Made any modification, equivalent replacement or improvement etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention within mind and principle.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of high yield cultivation method of peanut, which comprises the following steps:
1) the suitable soil of selection, it is scientific and reasonable to use sufficient base fertilizer；
2) the thin rake of deep ploughing and bedding, simple grain band shell precision drilling peanut；
3) seedling is looked into after peanut emergence to fill the gaps with seedlings, inhibit seedling prosperous growth；
4) application in time of loosening the soil is intertilled；
5) the prosperous management of peanut control is carried out；
6) do later period field management well, harvest peanut in due course.
2. a kind of high yield cultivation method of peanut according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step 1), using life
As plantation plot, mu applies Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 10-15kg, potassium sulfate 8-15kg, farmyard manure 2500-3000kg for stubble or field from which wheat has been reaped.
3. a kind of high yield cultivation method of peanut according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the thin rake of deep ploughing in the step 2)
And bedding, the wide 80-90cm of furrow, the high 5-6cm of furrow, 20-25cm is spaced between furrow and furrow, furrow face mu is watered with Acetochlor 60-100ml
30-50kg even spraying overlay film and fastens immediately after spray, then uses perforator rupture of membranes program request simple grain covered peanut seed,
Row, hill spacing press 38-45cm × 15-18cm, then planting hole is sealed with wet soil in the adjacent program request that in the ranks misplaces, and make to seal cave soil shape
At a hill.
4. a kind of high yield cultivation method of peanut according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the peanut seed is that Shandong spends 9
Number or white sand 285.
5. a kind of high yield cultivation method of peanut according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step 3), peanut goes out
Seedling is looked into after seedling to fill the gaps with seedlings, goes to cut weeds, and the two panels leaf being embedded in soil is cleared out ground and plucked out on the downside of film by clear restraining the growth of seedlings after neat seedling
The soil pushed aside was buried nest after 15-20 days by branch, and needle is met in ridging, and mu is equal with the Triiodobenzoic acid solution 30-50kg of 80-100ppm
It is even spraying.
6. a kind of high yield cultivation method of peanut according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step 4), meeting drought
Flood draining in time is met in Shi Shiliang watering, it is ensured that suitable soil moisture content, middle and later periods combine watering or rain, and spread fertilizer over the fields sulfuric acid per acre
Potassium 10-15kg sprays 2-3% calcium superphosphate clarified solution 30-50kg1 to 2 in conjunction with prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control mu.
7. a kind of high yield cultivation method of peanut according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step 5), in floricome
To fruiting period, when stem is up to 30-35cm, mu 80-100g borax and 43% the eleventh of the twelve Earthly Branches azoles alcohol suspending agent of 20-25ml are watered 30-
50kg even spraying.
8. a kind of high yield cultivation method of peanut according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step 6), peanut disease
Evil when mu with 50% 1000-1500 times of liquid 30kg even spraying of carbendazim；Mu uses 30- when beet tops moth, prodenia litura insect pest
50kg 1000-1500 times of liquid of 1% emamectin-benzoate is spraying；When aphid mu with 10% imidacloprid wettable
1500-2000 times of liquid 30-50kg of 800-1000 times of liquid 30-50kg of pulvis or 50% Aphox wettable powder is spraying；Grub is used
48% Le Siben missible oil or 40% 800-1000 times of liquid of phoxim emulsifiable concentrate by cave hole irrigation；It is used in conjunction with prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control florescence mu
80-100 grams of+100-120 grams of ferrous sulfate+50-100 grams of borax ammonium molybdate is watered 30-50kg even spraying；Pod expands seed benevolence
Influx time, mu spray 30-50kg 0.1-0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution 2-3 times, every minor tick 7-10 days；When under peanut plant
Portion's blade falls Huang and falls off, and upper blade is in yellow green, and when plumpness 75-80% harvests in time.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115843641A (en) * | 2022-11-16 | 2023-03-28 | 河南省农业科学院经济作物研究所 | Later-period accurate regulation and control method for peanuts |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115843641A (en) * | 2022-11-16 | 2023-03-28 | 河南省农业科学院经济作物研究所 | Later-period accurate regulation and control method for peanuts |
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