CN103733930A - Drip irrigation under plastic film method for rice cropping - Google Patents
Drip irrigation under plastic film method for rice cropping Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN103733930A CN103733930A CN201310738334.4A CN201310738334A CN103733930A CN 103733930 A CN103733930 A CN 103733930A CN 201310738334 A CN201310738334 A CN 201310738334A CN 103733930 A CN103733930 A CN 103733930A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- rice
- film
- drip irrigation
- water
- irrigation
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Landscapes
- Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a drip irrigation under plastic film method for rice cropping. The drip irrigation under plastic film method for the rice cropping comprises steps of seeds preparation, soil preparation, seeding, seedling management, irrigation management, fertilizer management, pest control and the like; the seedling density is 33.3 to 36 thousand holes per mu and 33.3 thousand holes per mu are optically selected; or the seedling density is 30.5 to 32.6 thousand holes per mu and 30.5 thousand holes per mu are optically selected. Previously used conventional film with the length of 105 cm to 145 cm and for Sinkiang cotton culture is low in soil utilization rate which results in being relative low in seedling density, difficult in adjusting the rice line spacing to increase the seedling density, low in ground covering rate and large in exposed ground area, and accordingly weeds are relatively more. The planting yield is relatively high through the wide film under the condition that other planting conditions are identical.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to crop cultivation methods technical field, be specifically related to a kind of under-film drip irrigation rice cultivating method.
Background technology
Paddy rice is the important cereal crops of China, take the paddy planting in waterflooding soaked field (field water layer 3-10cm) traditionally as main, China is one of global 13Ge poor-water state, You Shi large agricultural country, agricultural water accounts for 70～80% of total water amount, particularly arid and semi-arid area Water Consumption in Agriculture reaches more than 90%, and rice field total water consumption accounts for the more than 65% of agricultural water.Due to the variation of global climate in the last few years, the phenomenons such as spring drought summer drought often occur, and cause rice in north china growing area to drop in production over a large area, serious blow plant the rice peasant producer's enthusiasm.Utilize at present plastic mulching to carry out paddy rice dry land plantation (abbreviation dry farming), the technical method that heats, economizes on water, increases production to reach has obtained applying in national paddy fields.
Chinese patent 200710169613.8 disclosed " rice direct-seeding drip irrigation under mulch-film dry-farming cultivation method ", Qi Pu irrigate band, plastic film mulch, sowing are once completed by special-purpose seeding machinery, irrigate band is positioned at below mulch film and by irrigate band and is connected with water-carriage system, according to plant growth, needs the timely and appropriate discovery fertilising of dripping.But to the key technology of the under-film drip irrigation cultivation method of paddy rice, be only to have done a tentative programme in this technology, through practice for many years, be not very reasonable, and the method in other field crop Mulch Drip Irrigations of Xinjiang spread can not directly apply in paddy rice under-film drip irrigation production process due to a variety of causes at present.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of under-film drip irrigation rice cultivating method, for the key technology in under-film drip irrigation rice cropping process, carry out reasonable disposition, the technical system of wide film plantation under-film drip irrigation paddy rice has been proposed, meet under-film drip irrigation rice cultivation to the prerequisite of density and liquid manure supply requirement under, for the high-yield and high-efficiency of paddy rice under-film drip irrigation plantation lays the first stone.
The invention provides a kind of under-film drip irrigation rice cultivating method, comprise the steps such as seed preparation, soil preparation, sowing, seedling management, irrigation management, fertilizing management and the extermination of disease and insect pest, during described sowing, thickness of sowing is 3.33-3.6 ten thousand cave/mus, preferably 3.33 ten thousand cave/mus; Or thickness of sowing is 3.05-3.26 ten thousand cave/mus, preferably 3.05 ten thousand cave/mus.
Preferably, when thickness of sowing is 3.33-3.6 ten thousand cave/mu, film is wide is 215-225cm, preferably 220cm; Spacing in the rows is 9-10cm; Plantation fabric width is 235-245cm, preferably 240cm; Adopt the line-spacing best configuration pattern of film three pipe 12 row: 13cm+24cm+13cm+20cm+13cm+24cm+13cm+20cm+13cm+24cm+13cm+5 0cm, 3 hollow billet mean allocation are between 12 row paddy rice.
Preferably, when thickness of sowing is 3.05-3.26 ten thousand cave/mu, film is wide is 155-165cm, preferably 160cm; Spacing in the rows 9-10cm; Plantation fabric width 170-180cm, preferably 175cm; Adopt the line-spacing preparation of film two Guan Bahang: 12.5cm+26cm+12.5cm+26cm+12.5cm+26cm+12.5cm+47cm, 2 hollow billet mean allocation are between 8 row paddy rice.
Preferably, the control of weeds is prepared to comprise in described soil, and the control of described weeds is before broadcasting, to carry out closed soil treatment, sprays mixed herbicide, again sprays mixed herbicide at after planting 15-25 days.
Preferably, during described seedling management, after rice growing, between tillering stage, with water droplet, execute rooting promoter, consumption is 1.5-2.5 times of manufacturer's recommended consumption.
Preferably, described in, putting seedling intertillage is at intertillage in tri-leaf period, tilling depth 15-20cm.
Preferably, described irrigation management is at rice at whole growth periods irrigation norm 10500～12000m
3/ hm
2; Preferably, be rice at whole growth periods drip irrigation 38-45 time, irrigation frequency 3-4 days, needing water peak period irrigation frequency is 1-2 days.
Further, the concrete grammar of described irrigation management is:
Emerge～tri-leaf period:
When soil moisture content is poor after rice growing, broadcast the rear Miao Shui that oozes in time, pour water 2～3 times, total irrigation quantity 900～1200m
3/ hm
2;
Three leaves～jointing:
Pour water this period 8～10 times, the total amount of pouring water is 2400～2700m
3/ hm
2;
Jointing～heading:
This, paddy rice dripped 9～10 times phase, the total amount of pouring water 2700～3000m
3/ hm
2;
Heading～flowering:
This phase drips 5-6 time, the total amount of pouring water 1200～1500m
3/ hm
2;
Flowering～maturation:
This phase drips 14～16 times, the total amount of pouring water 3300～3600m
3/ hm
2, after paddy rice wax ripeness completes, can cut off the water.
Preferably, in described fertilizing management under-film drip irrigation paddy rice the time of infertility purity nitrogen fertilizing amount be: 330-345kg/hm
2; Preferred 330kg/hm
2; More preferably, described fertilizing management be under-film drip irrigation paddy rice the time of infertility total fertilization amount be barnyard manure 15～20t/hm
2, water soluble organic fertilizer 120-150kg/hm
2, purity nitrogen 300-330kg/hm
2, P
2o
5150-160kg/hm
2, K
2o70-90kg/hm
2, water-soluble siliceous fertilizer 25～30kg/hm
2, each 7-8kg/hm of boron fertilizer and zinc fertilizer
2.
Further, the concrete grammar of described fertilizing management is as follows:
Base manure:
Face and when the winter, the autumn ploughed, apply farmyard manure, the disposable barnyard manure 15～20t/hm that evenly applies
2, two ammonium 40～50kg/hm
2, then plough deeply;
Seedling stage is fertile:
Paddy field applies fertilizer because of seedling, if soil is partially saline and alkaline, fertility is uneven, oligotrophy, rice shoot spot film is when thin and weak, can divides and with water droplet, execute purity nitrogen 20-30kg/hm 2～3 times
2, P
2o
525～30kg/hm
2, K
2o10～15kg/hm
2with zinc fertilizer 3.5～4kg/hm
2impel seedling growth;
Tillering fertilizer:
Divide this period and with water, apply purity nitrogen 110-120kg/hm 3 times
2, P
2o
530～40kg/hm
2, K
2o10～15kg/hm
2, water-soluble siliceous fertilizer 25～30kg/hm
2, boron fertilizer 7～8kg/hm
2with zinc fertilizer 3.5～4kg/hm
2promote available tillering and the nutrient of paddy rice to store quality;
Jointing is fertile:
Drip this period fertile 2～3 times, total fertilizing amount is purity nitrogen 110-120kg/hm
2, P
2o
535～40kg/hm
2, K
2o 25～30kg/hm
2with water soluble organic fertilizer 60-75kg/hm
2;
Ear manuer:
Drip this period fertile 3～4 times, total fertilizing amount is purity nitrogen 50～60kg/hm
2, P
2o
530～40kg/hm
2, K
2o 25～30kg/hm
2, water soluble organic fertilizer 60-75kg/hm
2.
The concrete steps of under-film drip irrigation rice cultivating method of the present invention are as follows:
1, seed preparation
Rice paddy seed is because self proterties exists the awns of 5 millimeter, and seed epidermis raw undercoat, and adstringency is stronger, cause and in Mechanization sowing, cause blocking mutually between seed, cannot realize the live essence of large area mechanization and quantize to sow requirement, cause after planting sow irregular, emerge uneven.Therefore must remove awns to rice paddy seed prior to seeding and process, adopt special-purpose small-sized bearder tool to process, every batch of seed treatment time is can reach comparatively desirable effect in 4-6 minute.
2, soil is prepared
Because under-film drip irrigation paddy rice becomes under-film drip irrigation by traditional water logging irrigation method, the kind of weeds in field changes thereupon in process of production, and traditional rice weeding method does not even have an effect to the effect of under-film drip irrigation paddy field is not obvious.Therefore the control of under-film drip irrigation paddy rice ground weeds is mainly before sowing, to spray compound herbicide to do soil pre-emergence, has guaranteed that the harm of weeds drops to minimum.Chemistry is used in the time of infertility weeding of paddy rice under-film drip irrigation and the method for using that combines of manually cutting weeds is removed weeds: generally broadcast first 5 days and carry out closed soil treatment, every mu sprays mixed herbicide 80g, there is first peak in drip irrigation under mulch-film dry-farming paddy rice weeds after after planting 15 to 25 days, now every mu sprays mixed herbicide 60g.After can selecting several medicaments to mix according to the classification of local weeds in field targetedly, the concrete medicament kind adopting carries out eliminating for twice.Soil should select to be applicable to soil organic matter content more than 1.5%, and more than alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen 50mg/kg, rapid available phosphorus is greater than 18mg/kg, medium above soil fertility, and the farmland that saliferous alkali number is little, is beneficial to high yield.
3, sowing
Under film, 5cm ground temperature is stable can sow above by 15 ℃.The general time is South Sinkiang early and middle ten days in April, North SinKiang mid or late April.According to thousand kernel weight, determine the amount of sowing, by thousand kernel weight 25g, determine per hectare seeding quantity, under-film drip irrigation paddy machinery sowing per hectare seeding quantity is 120～150kg approximately; The kind that thousand kernel weight is less can suitably be turned lower seed hole down, otherwise tunes up lower seed hole, guarantees that every cave number of sowing is 7-9 grain.By under-film drip irrigation rice seeder paving irrigate band, plastic film mulch, dibbling, earthing, once complete, require seeding down even, do not replay, not broadcast leakage, seed level is consistent, and earthing is good, suppression really, broadcast row end directly, to the end to limit.Owing to adopting this culture technique of under-film drip irrigation, carry out after Rice Cropping, there is the change of essence in the one-tenth fringe rule of paddy rice, the fringe of tillering into of being irrigated by water logging changes stem Cheng Sui into, traditional planting density can not meet the needs of production, this thickness of sowing that just means under-film drip irrigation rice cropping is higher, and the seeding row spacing of traditional field crop configuration can not directly apply in under-film drip irrigation rice cropping, therefore, adopt improved auger type earthing implanted device to sow, the patent No. 201310307046.3 of auger type earthing implanted device, thickness of sowing is 3.33-3.6 ten thousand cave/mus, preferred 3.33 ten thousand cave/mus, the wide 220cm of film, spacing in the rows 9-10cm, adopt film three pipes 12
OK: the line-spacing configuration mode of 13cm+24cm+13cm+20cm+13cm+24cm+13cm+20cm+13cm+24cm+13cm+5 0cm, 3 hollow billet mean allocation are between 12 row paddy rice, and between placement hollow billet is average, line-spacing is 78cm.In this cropping pattern, line-spacing and spacing in the rows all can be carried out floating among a small circle according to the actual conditions of seeding machinery, as long as guarantee thickness of sowing, according to on-the-spot the installation all of the size of the seed tray of seeding machinery and cultivation box, suitably adjust, guarantee that the plantation fabric width of wall scroll film is 240cm.
Or thickness of sowing is 3.05-3.26 ten thousand cave/mus (preferably 3.05 ten thousand cave/mus), the wide 150cm of film, film two Guan Bahang, spacing in the rows 10cm, plantation fabric width 165cm, line-spacing preparation: 10cm+26cm+10cm+26cm+10cm+26cm+10cm+47cm.2 hollow billet mean allocation are between 8 row paddy rice, and between placement hollow billet is average, line-spacing is 82.5cm.
Because planting density, film are wide, spacing in the rows and the more traditional Rice Cropping of line-spacing preparing mode have a very large change, therefore, need to re-start test to parameters such as the management of rice seedling, irrigation water total amount and each irrigation water capacity and irrigation frequency, total fertilization amount and each fertilizing amount and fertilising opportunitys, to obtain the maximum output under this planting density.When the applicant obtains managing in mode of the present invention by lot of experiments, the output of paddy rice is the highest.
4, seedling management
Root system is the vitals of rice absorbing nutrient, directly has influence on the situation of rice growth.Rice seedling resistance is poor, affected by the harsh weather such as low temperature, arid.Therefore in order to improve emergence rate, promote root system development, improve paddy rice anti contravariance, at under-film drip irrigation rice seedling, can to paddy field, process with rooting promoter or strengthening roots agent, generally after rice growing, before tillering stage, with water droplet, executed 1-3 time, each consumption is 150-250ml, the kind of concrete rooting promoter can be selected according to local market investigation, consumption is 1.5-2.5 times of manufacturer's recommended consumption, manufacturer's recommended consumption is generally fills with root consumption, with water droplet, execute relative large usage quantity, this scope is test gained, it can better reach the effect of medicament: when consumption is 1.5-2.5 times of manufacturer's recommended consumption, Plant Height of Rice, paddy rice Determination of Chlorophyll content, paddy rice the mean tillering number, Net Photosynthetic Rate of Rice speed, rice leaf transpiration rate, rice leaf space between cells CO
2concentration (space between cells CO
2concentration is higher, means that the respiration of blade is stronger, and the energy of Crop is more, thereby causes the output of paddy rice higher), rice yield etc. is all apparently higher than the effect of using while recommending consumption root-growing agent.
5, put seedling intertillage
Paddy rice under-film drip irrigation field, will look in time seedling, put seedling for not encircleing voluntarily the situation that soil emerges, in order to avoid rotten seedling.Rice at whole growth periods is exempted from intertillage or is intertilled once: intertillage can reach chesson, maintenance soil moisture, eliminate the object of weeds in tri-leaf period the time.Require spear to cut soil, make it broken and rise on earth separation plate along shovel face, tilling depth can reach 15～20cm.Do not press seedling, do not roll over seedling.When wide film plantation, the object of intertillage is mainly weeding, height of seedling 15cm in tri-leaf period left and right, and the plant injury that this interim cultivated opposite side is capable is relatively little, just start a large amount of irrigation fertilizations, then intertillage will increase the operation easier of agricultural machinery after tri-leaf period.
6, irrigation management
Under zones of different and different soils quality condition there is larger difference in irrigation program.Generally, rice at whole growth periods drip irrigation 38～45 times, irrigation frequency, 3～4d(needed water peak period to be adjusted into 1～2 day irrigation frequency), irrigation norm 10500～12000m
3/ hm
2left and right.
Wherein,
Emerge～tri-leaf period:
When soil moisture content is poor after rice growing, broadcast the rear Miao Shui that oozes in time, pour water 2～3 times, total irrigation quantity 900～1200m
3/ hm
2.
Three leaves～jointing:
Pour water this period 8～10 times, the total amount of pouring water is 2400～2700m
3/ hm
2.
Jointing～heading:
This, paddy rice dripped 9～10 times phase, the total amount of pouring water 2700～3000m
3/ hm
2.
Heading～flowering:
This phase drips 5-6 time, the total amount of pouring water 1200～1500m
3/ hm
2.
Flowering～maturation:
This phase drips 14～16 times, the total amount of pouring water 3300～3600m
3/ hm
2, after paddy rice wax ripeness completes, can cut off the water.
7, fertilizing management
Conventionally according to soil fertility and the fertilizer efficiency in rice cultivation plot, react, determine target output and fertilizing amount, the fertilising of paddy rice should adopt the organic and inorganic principle combining, and will notice that fertilizer practice combines with high-yield high-grade culture technique, especially will pay attention to liquid manure combined regulating simultaneously.The time of infertility, total fertilization amount was: barnyard manure (chicken manure and cow dung 3:2 mixing in mass ratio after becoming thoroughly decomposed) 15～20t/hm
2, water soluble organic fertilizer 120-150kg/hm
2, the side spore fungus strain row punching fertilising that water soluble organic fertilizer is produced purchased from Weifang City Wo Feng bio-fertilizer Co., Ltd, purity nitrogen 300-330kg/hm
2, P
2o
5150-160kg/hm
2, K
2o70-90kg/hm
2, water-soluble siliceous fertilizer 25～30kg/hm
2, each 7-8kg/hm of boron fertilizer and zinc fertilizer
2.
Wherein,
Base manure:
Face and when the winter, the autumn ploughed, apply farmyard manure, disposable barnyard manure (after becoming thoroughly decomposed, chicken manure and the cow dung 3:2 mix) 15～20t/hm that evenly applies
2, two ammonium 40～50kg/hm
2, then plough deeply, the degree of depth of plowing 27～30cm, smooth after plough.
Seedling stage is fertile:
Paddy field applies fertilizer because of seedling, if soil is partially saline and alkaline, fertility is uneven, oligotrophy, rice shoot spot film is when thin and weak, can divides and with water droplet, execute purity nitrogen 20-30kg/hm 2～3 times
2, P
2o
525～30kg/hm
2, K
2o10～15kg/hm
2with zinc fertilizer 3.5～4kg/hm
2impel seedling growth.
Tillering fertilizer:
Be the critical period of vegetative growth of rice plants tillering stage, determined quantity and the nutrition storage condition of effective tiller, can divide this period and with water, apply purity nitrogen 110-120kg/hm 3 times
2, P
2o
530～40kg/hm
2, K
2o10～15kg/hm
2, water-soluble siliceous fertilizer 25～30kg/hm
2, boron fertilizer 7～8kg/hm
2with zinc fertilizer 3.5～4kg/hm
2promote available tillering and the nutrient of paddy rice to store quality.
Jointing is fertile:
Shooting stage vegetative growth of rice plants and reproductive growth are all very vigorous; Weak seedling drips executes liquid manure, should shift to an earlier date, and prosperous seedling and strong sprout should suitably be delayed, and can drip fertile 2～3 times, and total fertilizing amount is purity nitrogen 110-120kg/hm
2, P
2o
535～40kg/hm
2, K
2o25～30kg/hm
2with water soluble organic fertilizer 60-75kg/hm
2.
Ear manuer:
Heading flowering period, young fringe ramp, is the critical period that grain number per spike forms.Can drip this period fertile 3～4 times, total fertilizing amount is purity nitrogen 50～60kg/hm
2, P
2o
530～40kg/hm
2, K
2o25～30kg/hm
2, water soluble organic fertilizer 60-75kg/hm
2.
Evidence:
(1), with the rising of amount of nitrogen, tiller and be the trend increasing, and significant difference between different amount of nitrogen, but too high amount of nitrogen can not obtain the highest tiller number, when the sowing amount of purity nitrogen is 330kg/hm
2time, the stem tiller number while being significantly higher than other sowing amount.
(2) in each breeding time, the dry matter weight average that nitrogen fertilizer application is processed is significantly higher than the not processing of nitrogen fertilizer application, and when the shooting stage, with nitrogen fertilizer application amount, increases, and dry-matter accumulation amount also significantly increases; When harvest time, with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer application amount, dry-matter accumulation amount first increases rear minimizing, is mainly because applied nitrogen too much causes the surplus of nourishing and growing, and affects the grouting of Later Stage of Rice.When the sowing amount of purity nitrogen is 330kg/hm
2time, dry-matter accumulation amount reaches peak.
(3) applied nitrogen can significantly improve output, and it is mainly reflected in number of productive ear, grain number per spike, real grain number and thousand kernel weight that nitrogen fertilizer application can significantly improve drip irrigation paddy rice.Between different amount of nitrogens, with the rising of amount of nitrogen, the trend that number of productive ear, grain number per spike, real grain number all become to rise with thousand kernel weight, but between different amount of nitrogen, grain number per spike is not remarkable with the difference of real grain number; Through test, when the sowing amount of purity nitrogen is 330kg/hm
2time, its net profit is the highest.
(4) with the raising of amount of nitrogen, the nutrition accumulation of three kinds of elements of nitrogen phosphorus potassium of under-film drip irrigation paddy rice all can be greatly increased, and can significantly improve the utilization ratio of phosphorus potash fertilizer.When the sowing amount of purity nitrogen is 330kg/hm
2time, the absorption total amount of phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer is the highest.
The applicant is also studied each stage sorption capacity of under-film drip irrigation paddy growth.Obtain each period at paddy growth, by fertilizing amount of the present invention, apply, can meet the demand of each stage fertilizer of paddy rice under film, simultaneously, do not produce the waste of fertilizer, make every numerical value of under-film drip irrigation paddy rice: number of productive ear, grain number per spike, real grain number and thousand kernel weight etc. reach the highest.
8, the extermination of disease and insect pest
Under the weather conditions and drip irrigation cultivation mode in Xinjiang, it is lighter that the damage by disease and insect of paddy rice occurs, the serious insect pest that was substantially safe from harm in recent years of experiment field, in addition, at rand, have a small amount of physiology bacterial wilt, Second Year will check rand irrigate band in time, process in time, guarantee that paddy rice normally needs water.
The conventional film when cotton in Xinjiang is cultivated such as the wide 105cm of being of film adopting before the present invention or 145cm, but these films exist land utilization rate lower, cause thickness of sowing relatively low, adjust seeding row spacing increasing thickness of sowing and have certain difficulty; Ground coverage rate is lower, and open country area is larger, causes weeds relatively many.Therefore in the situation that other planting conditions are identical, utilize wide film plantation output relatively high.Quality and water and fertilizer management correlation are larger, during under-film drip irrigation and the wide relation of film little.
Except change film is wide, the present invention has increased using of weed killer herbicide and rooting promoter in seedling stage in former technical foundation, watering time and fertilizer application amount are all had to more concrete requirement: watering time is more concrete, former technology is whether each growthdevelopmental stage decides and water according to soil moisture content, when actual establishing in large scale, be difficult to operation, existing technology has all been carried out quantitatively and has optimized the irrigation times of each breeding time (fertilizer application frequency) and the total amount of pouring water (fertilizing amount), is through a few annual data analysis and summary; Former technology is only set forth the fertilizing amount of whole breeding time, and existing technology, changing on the basis of total fertilization amount, specific to each growthdevelopmental stage, operates fertilizing amount convenient.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is number of productive ear comparison between under-film drip irrigation paddy rice different densities;
Fig. 2 is real grain number comparison between under-film drip irrigation paddy rice different densities;
Fig. 3 is ripening rate comparison between under-film drip irrigation paddy rice different densities;
Fig. 4 is output comparison between under-film drip irrigation paddy rice different densities.
Embodiment
Following embodiment is convenient to understand better the present invention, but does not limit the present invention.Experimental technique in following embodiment, if no special instructions, is conventional method.
In the present invention, water soluble organic fertilizer is purchased from the side spore fungus strain row punching fertilising of producing as Weifang City Wo Feng bio-fertilizer Co., Ltd.
The step of under-film drip irrigation paddy rice of the present invention is as follows:
1, seed preparation
Must remove awns to rice paddy seed prior to seeding and process, adopt special-purpose small-sized bearder tool to process, every batch of seed treatment time is can reach comparatively desirable effect in 5 minutes.
2, soil is prepared
Chemistry is used in the time of infertility weeding of paddy rice under-film drip irrigation and the method for using that combines of manually cutting weeds is removed weeds: generally broadcast first 5 days and carry out closed soil treatment, every mu sprays mixed herbicide 80g, there is first peak in drip irrigation under mulch-film dry-farming paddy rice weeds after after planting 15 days, now every mu sprays mixed herbicide 60g.After can selecting several medicaments to mix according to the classification of local weeds in field targetedly, the concrete medicament kind adopting carries out eliminating for twice.Soil should select to be applicable to soil organic matter content more than 1.5%, and more than alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen 50mg/kg, rapid available phosphorus is greater than 18mg/kg, medium above soil fertility, and the farmland that saliferous alkali number is little, is beneficial to high yield.
3, sowing
Under film, 5cm ground temperature is stable can sow above by 15 ℃.The general time is South Sinkiang early and middle ten days in April, North SinKiang mid or late April.According to thousand kernel weight, determine the amount of sowing, by thousand kernel weight 25g, determine per hectare seeding quantity, the about 120kg of under-film drip irrigation paddy machinery sowing per hectare seeding quantity; The kind that thousand kernel weight is less can suitably be turned lower seed hole down, otherwise tunes up lower seed hole, guarantees that every cave number of sowing is 7-9 grain.By under-film drip irrigation rice seeder paving irrigate band, plastic film mulch, dibbling, earthing, once complete, require seeding down even, do not replay, not broadcast leakage, seed level is consistent, and earthing is good, suppression really, broadcast row end directly, to the end to limit.Adopt improved auger type earthing implanted device to sow, the patent No. 201310307046.3 of auger type earthing implanted device, thickness of sowing is 3.33 ten thousand cave/mus, the wide 220cm of film, spacing in the rows 10cm, adopts film three pipe 12 row: the line-spacing configuration mode of 13cm+24cm+13cm+20cm+13cm+24cm+13cm+20cm+13cm+24cm+13cm+5 0cm, and 3 hollow billet mean allocation are between 12 row paddy rice, between placement hollow billet is average, line-spacing is 78cm, and the plantation fabric width of wall scroll film is 240cm.
4, seedling management
At under-film drip irrigation rice seedling, can to paddy field, process with rooting promoter or strengthening roots agent, generally after rice growing, before tillering stage, with water droplet, executed 3 times, each consumption is 200ml, the kind of concrete rooting promoter can be selected according to local market investigation, and consumption is 2.0 times of manufacturer's recommended consumption.
5, put seedling intertillage
Paddy rice under-film drip irrigation field, will look in time seedling, put seedling for not encircleing voluntarily the situation that soil emerges, in order to avoid rotten seedling.Rice at whole growth periods is exempted from intertillage or is intertilled once: intertillage can reach chesson, maintenance soil moisture, eliminate the object of weeds in tri-leaf period the time.Require spear to cut soil, make it broken and rise on earth separation plate along shovel face, tilling depth is 15cm.Do not press seedling, do not roll over seedling.When wide film plantation, the object of intertillage is mainly weeding.
6, irrigation management
Under zones of different and different soils quality condition there is larger difference in irrigation program.Generally, rice at whole growth periods drip irrigation 40 times, irrigation frequency, 3～4d, needed water peak period to be adjusted into 1～2 day irrigation frequency,, irrigation norm 12000m
3/ hm
2.
Wherein,
Emerge～tri-leaf period:
When soil moisture content is poor after rice growing, broadcast the rear Miao Shui that oozes in time, pour water 2 times, total irrigation quantity 1200m
3/ hm
2.
Three leaves～jointing:
Pour water this period 9 times, the total amount of pouring water is 2700m
3/ hm
2.
Jointing～heading:
This, paddy rice dripped 9 times phase, the total amount of pouring water 3000m
3/ hm
2.
Heading～flowering:
This phase drips 5 times, the total amount of pouring water 1500m
3/ hm
2.
Flowering～maturation:
This phase drips 15 times, the total amount of pouring water 3600m
3/ hm
2, after paddy rice wax ripeness completes, can cut off the water.
7, fertilizing management
Conventionally according to soil fertility and the fertilizer efficiency in rice cultivation plot, react, determine target output and fertilizing amount, the fertilising of paddy rice should adopt the organic and inorganic principle combining, and will notice that fertilizer practice combines with high-yield high-grade culture technique, especially will pay attention to liquid manure combined regulating simultaneously.The time of infertility, total fertilization amount was: barnyard manure (chicken manure and cow dung 3:2 mixing in mass ratio after becoming thoroughly decomposed) 20t/hm
2, water soluble organic fertilizer 120kg/hm
2, purity nitrogen 330kg/hm
2, P
2o
5155kg/hm
2, K
2o 90kg/hm
2, water-soluble siliceous fertilizer 25kg/hm
2, each 7.5kg/hm of boron fertilizer and zinc fertilizer
2.
Wherein,
Base manure:
Face and when the winter, the autumn ploughed, apply farmyard manure, disposable barnyard manure (after becoming thoroughly decomposed, chicken manure and the cow dung 3:2 mix) 20t/hm that evenly applies
2, two ammonium 40kg/hm
2, then plough deeply, the degree of depth of plowing 27～30cm, smooth after plough.
Seedling stage is fertile:
Paddy field applies fertilizer because of seedling, if soil is partially saline and alkaline, fertility is uneven, oligotrophy, rice shoot spot film is when thin and weak, can divides and with water droplet, execute purity nitrogen 22kg/hm 2～3 times
2, P
2o
525kg/hm
2, K
2o 15kg/hm
2with zinc fertilizer 3.5kg/hm
2impel seedling growth.
Tillering fertilizer:
Be the critical period of vegetative growth of rice plants tillering stage, determined quantity and the nutrition storage condition of effective tiller, can divide this period and with water, apply purity nitrogen 120kg/hm 3 times
2, P
2o
534kg/hm
2, K
2o 15kg/hm
2, water-soluble siliceous fertilizer 25kg/hm
2, boron fertilizer 7.5kg/hm
2with zinc fertilizer 4kg/hm
2promote available tillering and the nutrient of paddy rice to store quality.
Jointing is fertile:
Shooting stage vegetative growth of rice plants and reproductive growth are all very vigorous; Weak seedling drips executes liquid manure, should shift to an earlier date, and prosperous seedling and strong sprout should suitably be delayed, and can drip fertile 2～3 times, and total fertilizing amount is purity nitrogen 120kg/hm
2, P
2o
537kg/hm
2, K
2o30kg/hm
2with water soluble organic fertilizer 60kg/hm
2.
Ear manuer:
Heading flowering period, young fringe ramp, is the critical period that grain number per spike forms.Can drip this period fertile 3～4 times, total fertilizing amount is purity nitrogen 60kg/hm
2, P
2o
537kg/hm
2, K
2o30kg/hm
2, water soluble organic fertilizer 60kg/hm
2.
8, the extermination of disease and insect pest
Under the weather conditions and drip irrigation cultivation mode in Xinjiang, it is lighter that the damage by disease and insect of paddy rice occurs, the serious insect pest that was substantially safe from harm in recent years of experiment field, in addition, at rand, have a small amount of physiology bacterial wilt, Second Year will check rand irrigate band in time, process in time, guarantee that paddy rice normally needs water.
The step of under-film drip irrigation paddy rice of the present invention is as follows:
1, seed preparation
Must remove awns to rice paddy seed prior to seeding and process, adopt special-purpose small-sized bearder tool to process, every batch of seed treatment time is can reach comparatively desirable effect in 4 minutes.
2, soil is prepared
Chemistry is used in the time of infertility weeding of paddy rice under-film drip irrigation and the method for using that combines of manually cutting weeds is removed weeds: generally broadcast first 5 days and carry out closed soil treatment, every mu sprays mixed herbicide 80g, there is first peak in drip irrigation under mulch-film dry-farming paddy rice weeds after after planting 15 days, now every mu sprays mixed herbicide 60g.After can selecting several medicaments to mix according to the classification of local weeds in field targetedly, the concrete medicament kind adopting carries out eliminating for twice.Soil should select to be applicable to soil organic matter content more than 1.5%, and more than alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen 50mg/kg, rapid available phosphorus is greater than 18mg/kg, medium above soil fertility, and the farmland that saliferous alkali number is little, is beneficial to high yield.
3, sowing
Under film, 5cm ground temperature is stable can sow above by 15 ℃.The general time is South Sinkiang early and middle ten days in April, North SinKiang mid or late April.According to thousand kernel weight, determine the amount of sowing, by thousand kernel weight 25g, determine per hectare seeding quantity, the about 150kg of under-film drip irrigation paddy machinery sowing per hectare seeding quantity; The kind that thousand kernel weight is less can suitably be turned lower seed hole down, otherwise tunes up lower seed hole, guarantees that every cave number of sowing is 7-9 grain.By under-film drip irrigation rice seeder paving irrigate band, plastic film mulch, dibbling, earthing, once complete, require seeding down even, do not replay, not broadcast leakage, seed level is consistent, and earthing is good, suppression really, broadcast row end directly, to the end to limit.Adopt improved auger type earthing implanted device to sow, the patent No. 201310307046.3 of auger type earthing implanted device, thickness of sowing is 3.05 ten thousand cave/mus, the wide 150cm of film, one film two Guan Bahang, spacing in the rows 10cm, plantation fabric width 165cm, line-spacing preparation: 10cm+26cm+10cm+26cm+10cm+26cm+10cm+47cm.2 hollow billet mean allocation are between 8 row paddy rice, and between placement hollow billet is average, line-spacing is 82.5cm.
4, seedling management
At under-film drip irrigation rice seedling, can to paddy field, process with rooting promoter or strengthening roots agent, generally after rice growing, before tillering stage, with water droplet, executed 2 times, each consumption is 250ml, the kind of concrete rooting promoter can be selected according to local market investigation, and consumption is 1.5 times of manufacturer's recommended consumption.
5, put seedling intertillage
Paddy rice under-film drip irrigation field, will look in time seedling, put seedling for not encircleing voluntarily the situation that soil emerges, in order to avoid rotten seedling.Rice at whole growth periods is exempted from intertillage or is intertilled once: intertillage can reach chesson, maintenance soil moisture, eliminate the object of weeds in tri-leaf period the time.Require spear to cut soil, make it broken and rise on earth separation plate along shovel face, tilling depth is 20cm.Do not press seedling, do not roll over seedling.When wide film plantation, the object of intertillage is mainly weeding.
6, irrigation management
Under zones of different and different soils quality condition there is larger difference in irrigation program.Generally, rice at whole growth periods drip irrigation 45 times, irrigation frequency, 3～4d, needed water peak period to be adjusted into 1～2 day irrigation frequency,, irrigation norm 10500m
3/ hm
2.
Wherein,
Emerge～tri-leaf period:
When soil moisture content is poor after rice growing, broadcast the rear Miao Shui that oozes in time, pour water 3 times, total irrigation quantity 900m
3/ hm
2.
Three leaves～jointing:
Pour water this period 10 times, the total amount of pouring water is 2400m
3/ hm
2.
Jointing～heading:
This, paddy rice dripped 10 times phase, the total amount of pouring water 2700m
3/ hm
2.
Heading～flowering:
This phase drips 6 times, the total amount of pouring water 1200m
3/ hm
2.
Flowering～maturation:
This phase drips 16 times, the total amount of pouring water 3300m
3/ hm
2, after paddy rice wax ripeness completes, can cut off the water.
7, fertilizing management
Conventionally according to soil fertility and the fertilizer efficiency in rice cultivation plot, react, determine target output and fertilizing amount, the fertilising of paddy rice should adopt the organic and inorganic principle combining, and will notice that fertilizer practice combines with high-yield high-grade culture technique, especially will pay attention to liquid manure combined regulating simultaneously.The time of infertility, total fertilization amount was: barnyard manure (chicken manure and cow dung 3:2 mixing in mass ratio after becoming thoroughly decomposed) 20t/hm
2, water soluble organic fertilizer 150kg/hm
2, purity nitrogen 320kg/hm
2, P
2o
5160kg/hm
2, K
2o70kg/hm
2, water-soluble siliceous fertilizer 30kg/hm
2, each 8kg/hm of boron fertilizer and zinc fertilizer
2.
Wherein,
Base manure:
Face and when the winter, the autumn ploughed, apply farmyard manure, disposable barnyard manure (after becoming thoroughly decomposed, chicken manure and the cow dung 3:2 mix) 20t/hm that evenly applies
2, two ammonium 50kg/hm
2, then plough deeply, the degree of depth of plowing 27～30cm, smooth after plough.
Seedling stage is fertile:
Paddy field applies fertilizer because of seedling, if soil is partially saline and alkaline, fertility is uneven, oligotrophy, rice shoot spot film is when thin and weak, can divides and with water droplet, execute purity nitrogen 30kg/hm 2～3 times
2, P
2o
525kg/hm
2, K
2o10kg/hm
2with zinc fertilizer 4kg/hm
2impel seedling growth.
Tillering fertilizer:
Be the critical period of vegetative growth of rice plants tillering stage, determined quantity and the nutrition storage condition of effective tiller, can divide this period and with water, apply purity nitrogen 110kg/hm 3 times
2, P
2o
538kg/hm
2, K
2o10kg/hm
2, water-soluble siliceous fertilizer 30kg/hm
2, boron fertilizer 8kg/hm
2with zinc fertilizer 4kg/hm
2promote available tillering and the nutrient of paddy rice to store quality.
Jointing is fertile:
Shooting stage vegetative growth of rice plants and reproductive growth are all very vigorous; Weak seedling drips executes liquid manure, should shift to an earlier date, and prosperous seedling and strong sprout should suitably be delayed, and can drip fertile 2～3 times, and total fertilizing amount is purity nitrogen 114kg/hm
2, P
2o
535kg/hm
2, K
2o25kg/hm
2with water soluble organic fertilizer 75kg/hm
2.
Ear manuer:
Heading flowering period, young fringe ramp, is the critical period that grain number per spike forms.Can drip this period fertile 3～4 times, total fertilizing amount is purity nitrogen 55kg/hm
2, P
2o
535kg/hm
2, K
2o25kg/hm
2, water soluble organic fertilizer 75kg/hm
2.
8, the extermination of disease and insect pest
Under the weather conditions and drip irrigation cultivation mode in Xinjiang, it is lighter that the damage by disease and insect of paddy rice occurs, the serious insect pest that was substantially safe from harm in recent years of experiment field, in addition, at rand, have a small amount of physiology bacterial wilt, Second Year will check rand irrigate band in time, process in time, guarantee that paddy rice normally needs water.
The step of under-film drip irrigation paddy rice of the present invention is as follows:
1, seed preparation
Must remove awns to rice paddy seed prior to seeding and process, adopt special-purpose small-sized bearder tool to process, every batch of seed treatment time is can reach comparatively desirable effect in 6 minutes.
2, soil is prepared
Chemistry is used in the time of infertility weeding of paddy rice under-film drip irrigation and the method for using that combines of manually cutting weeds is removed weeds: generally broadcast first 5 days and carry out closed soil treatment, every mu sprays mixed herbicide 80g, there is first peak in drip irrigation under mulch-film dry-farming paddy rice weeds after after planting 15 days, now every mu sprays mixed herbicide 60g.After can selecting several medicaments to mix according to the classification of local weeds in field targetedly, the concrete medicament kind adopting carries out eliminating for twice.Soil should select to be applicable to soil organic matter content more than 1.5%, and more than alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen 50mg/kg, rapid available phosphorus is greater than 18mg/kg, medium above soil fertility, and the farmland that saliferous alkali number is little, is beneficial to high yield.
3, sowing
Under film, 5cm ground temperature is stable can sow above by 15 ℃.The general time is South Sinkiang early and middle ten days in April, North SinKiang mid or late April.According to thousand kernel weight, determine the amount of sowing, by thousand kernel weight 25g, determine per hectare seeding quantity, the about 130kg of under-film drip irrigation paddy machinery sowing per hectare seeding quantity; The kind that thousand kernel weight is less can suitably be turned lower seed hole down, otherwise tunes up lower seed hole, guarantees that every cave number of sowing is 7-9 grain.By under-film drip irrigation rice seeder paving irrigate band, plastic film mulch, dibbling, earthing, once complete, require seeding down even, do not replay, not broadcast leakage, seed level is consistent, and earthing is good, suppression really, broadcast row end directly, to the end to limit.Adopt improved auger type earthing implanted device to sow, the patent No. 201310307046.3 of auger type earthing implanted device, thickness of sowing is 3.6 ten thousand cave/mus, the wide 220cm of film, spacing in the rows 9cm, adopts a film three to manage the line-spacing configuration mode of 12 row: 13cm+24cm+13cm+20cm+13cm+24cm+13cm+20cm+13cm+24cm+13cm+50cm, and 3 hollow billet mean allocation are between 12 row paddy rice, between placement hollow billet is average, line-spacing is 78cm, and the plantation fabric width of wall scroll film is 240cm.
4, seedling management
At under-film drip irrigation rice seedling, can to paddy field, process with rooting promoter or strengthening roots agent, generally after rice growing, before tillering stage, with water droplet, executed 2 times, each consumption is 150ml, the kind of concrete rooting promoter can be selected according to local market investigation, and consumption is 2.5 times of manufacturer's recommended consumption.
5, put seedling intertillage
Paddy rice under-film drip irrigation field, will look in time seedling, put seedling for not encircleing voluntarily the situation that soil emerges, in order to avoid rotten seedling.Rice at whole growth periods is exempted from intertillage or is intertilled once: intertillage can reach chesson, maintenance soil moisture, eliminate the object of weeds in tri-leaf period the time.Require spear to cut soil, make it broken and rise on earth separation plate along shovel face, tilling depth is 18cm.Do not press seedling, do not roll over seedling.When wide film plantation, the object of intertillage is mainly weeding.
6, irrigation management
Under zones of different and different soils quality condition there is larger difference in irrigation program.Generally, rice at whole growth periods drip irrigation 38 times, irrigation frequency, 3～4d, needed water peak period to be adjusted into 1～2 day irrigation frequency,, irrigation norm 11250m
3/ hm
2.
Wherein,
Emerge～tri-leaf period:
When soil moisture content is poor after rice growing, broadcast the rear Miao Shui that oozes in time, pour water 2 times, total irrigation quantity 1050m
3/ hm
2.
Three leaves～jointing:
Pour water this period 8 times, the total amount of pouring water is 2550m
3/ hm
2.
Jointing～heading:
This, paddy rice dripped 9 times phase, the total amount of pouring water 2850m
3/ hm
2.
Heading～flowering:
This phase drips 5 times, the total amount of pouring water 1350m
3/ hm
2.
Flowering～maturation:
This phase drips 14 times, the total amount of pouring water 3450m
3/ hm
2, after paddy rice wax ripeness completes, can cut off the water.
7, fertilizing management
Conventionally according to soil fertility and the fertilizer efficiency in rice cultivation plot, react, determine target output and fertilizing amount, the fertilising of paddy rice should adopt the organic and inorganic principle combining, and will notice that fertilizer practice combines with high-yield high-grade culture technique, especially will pay attention to liquid manure combined regulating simultaneously.The time of infertility, total fertilization amount was: barnyard manure (chicken manure and cow dung 3:2 mixing in mass ratio after becoming thoroughly decomposed) 20t/hm
2, water soluble organic fertilizer 140kg/hm
2, purity nitrogen 300kg/hm
2, P
2o
5150kg/hm
2, K
2o80kg/hm
2, water-soluble siliceous fertilizer 28kg/hm
2, each 8kg/hm of boron fertilizer and zinc fertilizer
2.
Wherein,
Base manure:
Face and when the winter, the autumn ploughed, apply farmyard manure, disposable barnyard manure (after becoming thoroughly decomposed, chicken manure and the cow dung 3:2 mix) 20t/hm that evenly applies
2, two ammonium 40kg/hm
2, then plough deeply, the degree of depth of plowing 27～30cm, smooth after plough.
Seedling stage is fertile:
Paddy field applies fertilizer because of seedling, if soil is partially saline and alkaline, fertility is uneven, oligotrophy, rice shoot spot film is when thin and weak, can divides and with water droplet, execute purity nitrogen 20kg/hm 2～3 times
2, P
2o
525kg/hm
2, K
2o12kg/hm
2with zinc fertilizer 4kg/hm
2impel seedling growth.
Tillering fertilizer:
Be the critical period of vegetative growth of rice plants tillering stage, determined quantity and the nutrition storage condition of effective tiller, can divide this period and with water, apply purity nitrogen 112kg/hm 3 times
2, P
2o
533kg/hm
2, K
2o13kg/hm
2, water-soluble siliceous fertilizer 28kg/hm
2, boron fertilizer 8kg/hm
2with zinc fertilizer 4kg/hm
2promote available tillering and the nutrient of paddy rice to store quality.
Jointing is fertile:
Shooting stage vegetative growth of rice plants and reproductive growth are all very vigorous; Weak seedling drips executes liquid manure, should shift to an earlier date, and prosperous seedling and strong sprout should suitably be delayed, and can drip fertile 2～3 times, and total fertilizing amount is purity nitrogen 110kg/hm
2, P
2o
535kg/hm
2, K
2o28g/hm
2with water soluble organic fertilizer 70kg/hm
2.
Ear manuer:
Heading flowering period, young fringe ramp, is the critical period that grain number per spike forms.Can drip this period fertile 3～4 times, total fertilizing amount is purity nitrogen 50kg/hm
2, P
2o
535kg/hm
2, K
2o27kg/hm
2, water soluble organic fertilizer 70kg/hm
2.
8, the extermination of disease and insect pest
Under the weather conditions and drip irrigation cultivation mode in Xinjiang, it is lighter that the damage by disease and insect of paddy rice occurs, the serious insect pest that was substantially safe from harm in recent years of experiment field, in addition, at rand, have a small amount of physiology bacterial wilt, Second Year will check rand irrigate band in time, process in time, guarantee that paddy rice normally needs water.
The present embodiment difference from Example 1 is:
In sowing step, thickness of sowing is 3.4 ten thousand cave/mus, and spacing in the rows 9cm adopts a film three to manage the line-spacing configuration mode of 12 row.All the other are all identical.
The present embodiment difference from Example 2 is:
In sowing step, thickness of sowing is 3.26 ten thousand cave/mus, spacing in the rows 9cm, the line-spacing configuration mode of employing one film two Guan Bahang.All the other are all identical.
One, the applicant is for the concrete test of the parameter configuration such as under-film drip irrigation Rice Cropping density and seeding row spacing.
Yang Huijie etc. think that first Super-high-yielding Cultivation in Rice should ensure enough spike numbers, and cultivate on this basis large fringe, form every square metre of relatively many total grain numbers.Production practices prove, overemphasize large fringe, easily make on the one hand rice quality become bad, also easily cause on the other hand ripening rate to reduce.Along with the raising of cultivation step and irrigation and fertilization measurement, can explore the density of further raising under-film drip irrigation paddy rice, by increasing fringe, increasing grain expansion output storage capacity, improve Seed-Setting Percentage in Rice, thereby improve rice yield.2010-2011 the applicant, on the basis of screening varieties test, carries out under-film drip irrigation paddy rice density test and cropping pattern research, determines density and seeding row spacing configuration that under-film drip irrigation paddy rice is suitable, to obtaining higher target output.
1. testing program
2013 test sowing date is May 1, and kind adopts T-43, mechanical rupture of membranes, artificial dibbling, seed level 2-3cm, 8～10 of every bunch planting kinds.Establish altogether 6 processing, three repeat randomised block design, and concrete configuration is in Table 1.According to Rice Growing feature, supply water in good time, in right amount, and accomplish liquid manure combination, drip simultaneously fertile with water droplet, plan irrigation quantity 750m the time of infertility
3/ 666.7m
2, fertilizing amount urea 40kg/666.7m
2, fertile Supreme Being irrigates that (a kind of fertilizer trade name, mainly containing macroelement (N+P
2o
5+ K
20)>=58%, is purchased from Xinjiang Bo Shuosi chemical fertilizer Co., Ltd, and full name is macroelement water-soluble fertilizer) 20kg/666.7m
2, each is processed in the maturing stage and carries out species test and survey and produce, and index is real grain number, ripening rate, the percentage of earbearing tiller and theoretical yield.
Table 1 Rice Cropping pattern and density test allocation plan
2. result of the test and analysis: referring to table 2 and Fig. 1-4.
Table 2 cropping pattern and the investigation of density test yield traits
From table 2 and Fig. 1-4, can find out, along with the increase of density, the number of productive ear of paddy rice is also increasing, and processing 4 and the number of productive ear difference of processing between 6 are not remarkable, and between other processing, difference is all remarkable; The number of grain in fact significant difference between 6 processing, but be not clearly, may be because the real grain number breediness factor of every fringe is greater than the impact of the extraneous factors such as liquid manure, only have processing 3 and process 6 to differ greatly; Along with the increase of density, ripening rate is reducing, but difference between processing is not remarkable, only process 1 and process the significant difference of 6, the reason that ripening rate reduces may be the increase along with population density, between individuality, covers mutually, has affected photosynthesis and has caused ripening rate to decline; Thousand kernel weight difference between 6 processing is all not remarkable, illustrates that the change of density is little on the impact of thousand kernel weight.Output between 6 density processing is all higher, and significant difference, increase along with density, output is also increasing, the cropping pattern output of density 3.33 ten thousand cave/mus (1 film 3 pipe 12 row) is up to 737.82kg/ mu, and the output of density 3.05 ten thousand cave/mus (1 film 2 pipe 8 row) also reaches 700kg/ mu, illustrates that 2 kinds of pipe racks layouts are all applicable to under-film drip irrigation rice cropping, drip more even, be conducive to the absorption of moisture, nutrient.
The number of productive ear of paddy rice, grain number per spike, ripening rate and thousand kernel weight have formed the rice yield factor, and in sum, along with the increase of density, output is more and more higher; The change of density is little on the grain number per spike of paddy rice, thousand kernel weight impact, and ripening rate is had a certain impact, larger on number of productive ear impact.1 film 3 pipe 12 row and 1 film 2 pipe 8 row and these two kinds of configuration modes of spacing in the rows 10cm are applicable to under-film drip irrigation Rice Cropping.
Two, the applicant carries out the concrete test of law of needing the water for under-film drip irrigation Rice Cropping
2011-2013, the applicant is on the basis of variety trial and density test, carry out the law of needing the water of under-film drip irrigation rice-cultivating different times and the research of irrigation program, research under-film drip irrigation paddy growth Law of Water Consumption breeding time, comprises the water consumption of rice at whole growth periods and the water consumption intensity of each breeding time.
(1). experimental design scheme
Rice varieties (T-43), urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, soil conditioner.Establish altogether 5 processing, three repetitions are established in each processing, and each processing area is 66.67m
2.When within 2010, the autumn plows, every mu is used 25kg soil conditioner to improve soil structure, basal dressing urea 8kg/ mu, three material (azophoska) 5kg/ mu, fertilizer 20kg/ mu.Specific design scheme is referring to table 3.
Table 3 under-film drip irrigation rice water is processed
(2). experimental field basic management
Seeding method adopts program request on mechanization film, and pattern is 1 film 2 pipe 8 row, the wide 1.6m of film, and cave is apart from 10 cm, every cave 8-12 grain of sowing, sowing depth 2-3cm, irrigate band 2.1L/h.Adopt high frequency irrigation method the time of infertility, pour water altogether 40 times, fertilizer is executed with water droplet, is divided into 10 times and has executed.
(3). sampling and method of testing
Proper Sampling Period is divided into tillering stage, shooting stage, booting stage, heading stage, milk ripe stage, harvest time.Select a film of the centre of each community at every turn, choose the plant sample in representative continuous 5 caves, the 30min that completes at 105 ℃ is then dried 48 hours to constant weight, and is taken respectively dry weight at 75 ℃.Sample after drying is pulverized respectively, to be determined after packing.
Determination of yield: with before results, get and respectively process 0.5m
2the indoor species test of plant.Concrete mensuration project number of productive ear, real grain number, blighted grain number, thousand kernel weight.
(4). results and analysis
1. different irrigation is on the impact of paddy rice under-film drip irrigation water saving growing process
As can be seen from Table 4, different irrigation is little on the impact in tillering stage of under-film drip irrigation paddy rice, processes 4 and processes one day ahead of time than other; Shooting stage, heading stage and pustulation period all extend gradually with its growth cycle of increase of irrigation quantity, and this explanation is with the increase of rate of water added, and increasing, enter reproductive growth more late the vegetative growth phase of paddy rice.
The impact of table 4 different irrigation on Rice Growing process
2. different irrigation is on under-film drip irrigation Plant Height of Rice, blade, the impact of tillering, referring to table 5.
The impact of table 5 different irrigation on morphology
From table 5, can find out, different irrigation does not have impact substantially on the number of blade of each breeding time of paddy rice under-film drip irrigation, and this is mainly because blade quantity belongs to the hereditary capacity of kind.Along with the plant height of increase paddy rice each breeding time of irrigation quantity is also increasing, irrigation quantity on plant height to affect difference also little.The variation of irrigation quantity mainly has a certain impact to tillering into fringe, and the increase tiller number in the shooting stage with irrigation quantity increases, but ineffective tillering is also increasing.
3. different irrigation and the impact of Different Fertilization amount on yield component, referring to table 6.
The impact of table 6 different irrigation on Yield And Yield Components
As can be seen from Table 6, irrigation quantity size is little on under-film drip irrigation Seed-Setting Percentage in Rice and thousand kernel weight impact, and 5 equal differences of processing are not remarkable; Number of productive ear difference between 5 processing is not obvious, only processes 1 and differs greatly with processing 4, and 600m is described
3irrigation quantity had a strong impact on the fringe of tillering into of paddy rice, 800m
3irrigation quantity makes ineffective tillering too much, has affected number of productive ear; Process 1 and process 2 with other processing between grain number per spike significant difference, may be heading stage water demand be obstructed and produce small ear, thereby affected grain number per spike.Along with the increase of irrigation quantity, output is also increasing, and the output of processing 4 is the highest, 800m
3irrigation quantity may be surplus because nourish and grow early stage, thereby has affected the grouting in later stage, and the minimizing of number of productive ear, causes production declining.
750m
3and 800m
3the number of productive ear of irrigation quantity, grain number per spike, thousand kernel weight and output integral body are higher; 600m
3irrigation quantity is less than the rice in Xinjiang institute's water requirement of growing breeding time, causes its tiller number, grain number per spike less, finally causes production declining.Due to 2011 year-climate reasons, cause Seed-Setting Percentage in Rice not high, if ripening rate improves, will make rice yield higher.
Finally it should be noted that: the foregoing is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not limited to the present invention, although the present invention is had been described in detail with reference to previous embodiment, for a person skilled in the art, its technical scheme that still can record aforementioned each embodiment is modified, or part technical characterictic is wherein equal to replacement.Within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any modification of doing, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., within all should being included in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a under-film drip irrigation rice cultivating method, comprise the steps such as seed preparation, soil preparation, sowing, seedling management, irrigation management, fertilizing management and the extermination of disease and insect pest, it is characterized in that: during described sowing, thickness of sowing is 3.33-3.6 ten thousand cave/mus, preferably 3.33 ten thousand cave/mus; Or thickness of sowing is 3.05-3.26 ten thousand cave/mus, preferably 3.05 ten thousand cave/mus.
2. under-film drip irrigation rice cultivating method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: when thickness of sowing is 3.33-3.6 ten thousand cave/mu, film is wide is 215-225cm, preferably 220cm; Spacing in the rows is 9-10cm; Plantation fabric width is 235-245cm, preferably 240cm; Adopt the line-spacing best configuration pattern of film three pipe 12 row: 13cm+24cm+13cm+20cm+13cm+24cm+ 13cm+20cm+13cm+24cm+13cm+50cm, 3 hollow billet mean allocation are between 12 row paddy rice.
3. under-film drip irrigation rice cultivating method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: when thickness of sowing is 3.05-3.26 ten thousand cave/mu, film is wide is 155-165cm, preferably 160cm; Spacing in the rows 9-10cm; Plantation fabric width 170-180cm, preferably 175cm; Adopt the line-spacing preparation of film two Guan Bahang: 12.5cm+26cm+12.5cm+26cm+12.5cm+26cm+12.5cm+47cm, 2 hollow billet mean allocation are between 8 row paddy rice.
4. according to the arbitrary described under-film drip irrigation rice cultivating method of claim 1-3, it is characterized in that: the control of weeds is prepared to comprise in described soil, the control of described weeds is before broadcasting, to carry out closed soil treatment, sprays mixed herbicide, again sprays mixed herbicide at after planting 15-25 days.
5. according to the arbitrary described under-film drip irrigation rice cultivating method of claim 1-4, it is characterized in that: during described seedling management, after rice growing, between tillering stage, with water droplet, execute rooting promoter, consumption is 1.5-2.5 times of manufacturer's recommended consumption.
6. according to the arbitrary described under-film drip irrigation rice cultivating method of claim 1-5, it is characterized in that: described in to put seedling intertillage be at intertillage in tri-leaf period, tilling depth 15-20cm.
7. according to the arbitrary described under-film drip irrigation rice cultivating method of claim 1-6, it is characterized in that: described irrigation management is at rice at whole growth periods irrigation norm 10500～12000m
3/ hm
2; Preferably, be rice at whole growth periods drip irrigation 38-45 time, irrigation frequency 3-4 days, needing water peak period irrigation frequency is 1-2 days.
8. under-film drip irrigation rice cultivating method according to claim 7, is characterized in that: the concrete grammar of described irrigation management is:
Emerge～tri-leaf period:
When soil moisture content is poor after rice growing, broadcast the rear Miao Shui that oozes in time, pour water 2～3 times, total irrigation quantity 900～1200m
3/ hm
2;
Three leaves～jointing:
Pour water this period 8～10 times, the total amount of pouring water is 2400～2700m
3/ hm
2;
Jointing～heading:
This, paddy rice dripped 9～10 times phase, the total amount of pouring water 2700～3000m
3/ hm
2;
Heading～flowering:
This phase drips 5-6 time, the total amount of pouring water 1200～1500m
3/ hm
2;
Flowering～maturation:
This phase drips 14～16 times, the total amount of pouring water 3300～3600m
3/ hm
2, after paddy rice wax ripeness completes, can cut off the water.
9. according to the arbitrary described under-film drip irrigation rice cultivating method of claim 1-8, it is characterized in that: in described fertilizing management under-film drip irrigation paddy rice the time of infertility purity nitrogen fertilizing amount be: 330-345kg/hm
2; Preferred 330kg/hm
2; More preferably, described fertilizing management be under-film drip irrigation paddy rice the time of infertility total fertilization amount be barnyard manure 15～20t/hm
2, water soluble organic fertilizer 120-150kg/hm
2, purity nitrogen 300-330kg/hm
2, P
2o
5150-160kg/hm
2, K
2o 70-90kg/hm
2, water-soluble siliceous fertilizer 25～30kg/hm
2, each 7-8kg/hm of boron fertilizer and zinc fertilizer
2.
10. under-film drip irrigation rice cultivating method according to claim 9, is characterized in that: the concrete grammar of described fertilizing management is as follows:
Base manure:
Face and when the winter, the autumn ploughed, apply farmyard manure, the disposable barnyard manure 15～20t/hm that evenly applies
2, two ammonium 40～50kg/hm
2, then plough deeply;
Seedling stage is fertile:
Paddy field applies fertilizer because of seedling, if soil is partially saline and alkaline, fertility is uneven, oligotrophy, rice shoot spot film is when thin and weak, can divides and with water droplet, execute purity nitrogen 20-30kg/hm 2～3 times
2, P
2o
525～30kg/hm
2, K
2o 10～15kg/hm
2with zinc fertilizer 3.5～4kg/hm
2impel seedling growth;
Tillering fertilizer:
Divide this period and with water, apply purity nitrogen 110-120kg/hm 3 times
2, P
2o
530～40kg/hm
2, K
2o 10～15kg/hm
2, water-soluble siliceous fertilizer 25～30kg/hm
2, boron fertilizer 7～8kg/hm
2with zinc fertilizer 3.5～4kg/hm
2promote available tillering and the nutrient of paddy rice to store quality;
Jointing is fertile:
Drip this period fertile 2～3 times, total fertilizing amount is purity nitrogen 110-120kg/hm
2, P
2o
535～40kg/hm
2, K
2o 25～30kg/hm
2with water soluble organic fertilizer 60-75kg/hm
2;
Ear manuer:
Drip this period fertile 3～4 times, total fertilizing amount is purity nitrogen 50～60kg/hm
2, P
2o
530～40kg/hm
2, K
2o 25～30kg/hm
2, water soluble organic fertilizer 60-75kg/hm
2.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310738334.4A CN103733930B (en) | 2013-12-27 | 2013-12-27 | Drip irrigation under plastic film method for rice cropping |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310738334.4A CN103733930B (en) | 2013-12-27 | 2013-12-27 | Drip irrigation under plastic film method for rice cropping |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN103733930A true CN103733930A (en) | 2014-04-23 |
| CN103733930B CN103733930B (en) | 2015-07-22 |
Family
ID=50491070
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310738334.4A Active CN103733930B (en) | 2013-12-27 | 2013-12-27 | Drip irrigation under plastic film method for rice cropping |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN103733930B (en) |
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104186161A (en) * | 2014-08-28 | 2014-12-10 | 宁夏固农农牧业科技有限公司 | Method for drip irrigation vegetable planting below dry slope land membrane |
| CN106416719A (en) * | 2016-10-12 | 2017-02-22 | 湖南农业大学 | Mutual cooperation effect test method for late rice and much fertilizer of tobacco rice multiple cropping system in the tobacco district of Changsha |
| CN106489636A (en) * | 2016-10-21 | 2017-03-15 | 黑龙江食耕社农业科技发展有限公司 | A kind of live drip irrigation cultivation method of paddy rice in cold region |
| CN106900439A (en) * | 2017-04-19 | 2017-06-30 | 和县瑞祥水稻种植专业合作社 | A kind of paddy rice planting method of good quality and high output |
| CN107197729A (en) * | 2017-06-22 | 2017-09-26 | 石河子大学 | A kind of culturing and transplanting seedlings paddy rice drip irrigation cultivation method |
| CN108718967A (en) * | 2018-06-20 | 2018-11-02 | 安徽舒州农业科技有限责任公司 | A kind of organic upland rice water-fertilizer-pesticide integration cultivation technique |
| CN109197079A (en) * | 2018-09-28 | 2019-01-15 | 宁夏大学 | A kind of fertigation management method of fennel seeds |
| CN112369286A (en) * | 2020-03-10 | 2021-02-19 | 新疆凯旋致远生物技术有限公司 | Under-mulch drip irrigation cultivation method for rice and wheat drill seeding |
| CN114631468A (en) * | 2022-03-15 | 2022-06-17 | 四平市圣星生物科技有限公司 | Water and fertilizer integrated planting method for dry farming rice |
| RU2780841C1 (en) * | 2021-09-09 | 2022-10-04 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Кубанский государственный аграрный университет имени И.Т. Трубилина" | Method for ridge rice cultivation on agricultural lands outside of rice irrigation systems on drip irrigation under mulching film |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101422120A (en) * | 2007-11-03 | 2009-05-06 | 新疆天业（集团）有限公司 | Rice direct-seeding drip irrigation under mulch-film dry-farming cultivation method |
-
2013
- 2013-12-27 CN CN201310738334.4A patent/CN103733930B/en active Active
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101422120A (en) * | 2007-11-03 | 2009-05-06 | 新疆天业（集团）有限公司 | Rice direct-seeding drip irrigation under mulch-film dry-farming cultivation method |
Non-Patent Citations (5)
| Title |
|---|
| 岳绚丽等: "《水稻膜下滴灌栽培的农艺与农机配套技术研究》", 《新疆农机化》 * |
| 朱齐超等: "《氮肥运筹对膜下滴灌水稻生长和产量的影响》", 《中国水稻学》 * |
| 李东: "《新疆旱作水稻膜下滴灌技术与栽培技术探析》", 《中国农业信息》 * |
| 王士国等: "《2BM-12型旱作水稻铺膜铺管播种机的研制》", 《中国农机化》 * |
| 郭庆人等: "《水稻膜下滴灌栽培技术在我国发展的优势及前景分析》", 《中国稻米》 * |
Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104186161A (en) * | 2014-08-28 | 2014-12-10 | 宁夏固农农牧业科技有限公司 | Method for drip irrigation vegetable planting below dry slope land membrane |
| CN106416719A (en) * | 2016-10-12 | 2017-02-22 | 湖南农业大学 | Mutual cooperation effect test method for late rice and much fertilizer of tobacco rice multiple cropping system in the tobacco district of Changsha |
| CN106489636A (en) * | 2016-10-21 | 2017-03-15 | 黑龙江食耕社农业科技发展有限公司 | A kind of live drip irrigation cultivation method of paddy rice in cold region |
| CN106489636B (en) * | 2016-10-21 | 2019-12-13 | 黑龙江食耕社农业科技发展有限公司 | Direct-seeding drip irrigation cultivation method for rice in cold region |
| CN106900439A (en) * | 2017-04-19 | 2017-06-30 | 和县瑞祥水稻种植专业合作社 | A kind of paddy rice planting method of good quality and high output |
| CN107197729B (en) * | 2017-06-22 | 2020-06-19 | 石河子大学 | Under-mulch drip irrigation cultivation method for seedling transplanting rice |
| CN107197729A (en) * | 2017-06-22 | 2017-09-26 | 石河子大学 | A kind of culturing and transplanting seedlings paddy rice drip irrigation cultivation method |
| CN108718967A (en) * | 2018-06-20 | 2018-11-02 | 安徽舒州农业科技有限责任公司 | A kind of organic upland rice water-fertilizer-pesticide integration cultivation technique |
| CN109197079A (en) * | 2018-09-28 | 2019-01-15 | 宁夏大学 | A kind of fertigation management method of fennel seeds |
| CN112369286A (en) * | 2020-03-10 | 2021-02-19 | 新疆凯旋致远生物技术有限公司 | Under-mulch drip irrigation cultivation method for rice and wheat drill seeding |
| RU2780841C1 (en) * | 2021-09-09 | 2022-10-04 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Кубанский государственный аграрный университет имени И.Т. Трубилина" | Method for ridge rice cultivation on agricultural lands outside of rice irrigation systems on drip irrigation under mulching film |
| RU2788534C1 (en) * | 2021-09-09 | 2023-01-23 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Кубанский государственный аграрный университет имени И.Т. Трубилина" | Method for cultivating rice with underground drip watering under mulching film |
| CN114631468A (en) * | 2022-03-15 | 2022-06-17 | 四平市圣星生物科技有限公司 | Water and fertilizer integrated planting method for dry farming rice |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN103733930B (en) | 2015-07-22 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN103733930B (en) | Drip irrigation under plastic film method for rice cropping | |
| US10278341B2 (en) | Method of drip irrigation under plastic film for rice cropping | |
| CN104322252B (en) | Winter Wheat-Summer Maize Rotation System high-yield culturing fertilizing method | |
| CN102783388A (en) | Direct sowing culture method of rice | |
| CN103493664B (en) | Simplified cultivating method for dry-cure pepper | |
| CN107182496A (en) | A kind of chive implantation methods | |
| CN104221649A (en) | Method for lengthening perennial root of sugarcane | |
| CN105900740A (en) | Fertilizer and water integrated high-yield cultivation method for early-spring watermelons and autumn delayed chilies in greenhouse | |
| CN106105740A (en) | A kind of corn in Northeast China and Semen sojae atricolor efficient rotation cropping method | |
| CN105766353A (en) | Peanut cultivation method | |
| CN104718962B (en) | Simplified efficient 'deep scarification, deep fertilization and shallow sowing' wheat cultivation method used in Huang-Huai-Hai region | |
| CN102657017A (en) | Cold-field corn cultivation method with 1000kg per mu | |
| CN107087465A (en) | A kind of winter wheat fertilization recommendation method | |
| CN105532343A (en) | Selenium-rich rice precise cultivation method | |
| CN103733828A (en) | High-yield cultivation method for Chinese wildrye | |
| CN109220651A (en) | A kind of cultural method that Direct-seeding Rice is resistant to lodging | |
| CN103975727A (en) | Method for planting clovers in organic blueberry garden to control grass and improve soil | |
| CN105165302A (en) | High-quality and high-yield culture method for bitter gourds | |
| CN105393736A (en) | Planting method for semen cassia | |
| CN110036836A (en) | Efficient hot pepper cultural method under wheat green pepper interplanting system | |
| CN109964761A (en) | A kind of salt-soda soil quinoa ecological efficient growing and cultivation method | |
| CN104584819A (en) | Method for cultivating gold-edge roses on large scale | |
| CN103416201B (en) | A kind of seedling-cultivating method promoting western pumpkin precocity, high yield | |
| CN106165609A (en) | A kind of implantation methods of Brassica campestris L | |
| CN105746115B (en) | A kind of domesticating cultivation method of conic gymnadenia tuber |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |