CN103733930B - Drip irrigation under plastic film method for rice cropping - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a drip irrigation under plastic film method for rice cropping. The drip irrigation under plastic film method for the rice cropping comprises steps of seeds preparation, soil preparation, seeding, seedling management, irrigation management, fertilizer management, pest control and the like; the seedling density is 33.3 to 36 thousand holes per mu and 33.3 thousand holes per mu are optically selected; or the seedling density is 30.5 to 32.6 thousand holes per mu and 30.5 thousand holes per mu are optically selected. Previously used conventional film with the length of 105 cm to 145 cm and for Sinkiang cotton culture is low in soil utilization rate which results in being relative low in seedling density, difficult in adjusting the rice line spacing to increase the seedling density, low in ground covering rate and large in exposed ground area, and accordingly weeds are relatively more. The planting yield is relatively high through the wide film under the condition that other planting conditions are identical.

Description

Drip irrigation

Technical field

The invention belongs to crop cultivation methods technical field, be specifically related to a kind of drip irrigation.

Background technology

Paddy rice is the important cereal crops of China, traditionally based on the paddy planting of waterflooding soaked field (field water layer 3-10cm), China is one of 13 poor-water states in the whole world, it is again large agricultural country, agricultural water accounts for 70 ~ 80% of total water consumption, particularly Arid&semi-arid area Water Consumption in Agriculture reaches more than 90%, and rice field total water consumption accounts for more than 65% of agricultural water.Due to the change of global climate in the last few years, the phenomenons such as spring drought summer drought often occur, and cause rice in north china growing area to drop in production over a large area, and the enthusiasm of the rice peasant producer is planted in serious blow.Utilize plastic mulching to carry out paddy rice dry land plantation (abbreviation dry farming) at present, the technical method heat to reach, economize on water, increased production has obtained in national paddy fields and has applied.

Chinese patent 200710169613.8 disclosed " rice direct-seeding drip irrigation under mulch-film dry-farming cultivation method ", Qi Pu irrigate band, plastic film mulch, sowing are once completed by special seeding machinery, irrigate band to be positioned at below mulch film and to be connected with water-carriage system irrigate band, needs timely and appropriate discovery to carry out fertilising of dripping according to plant growth.But be only done a tentative programme to the key technology of the drip irrigation cultivation method of paddy rice in this technology, be not very reasonable through to put into practice for many years, and method at present in other field crop Mulch Drip Irrigations of Xinjiang spread can not directly apply in paddy rice under-film drip irrigation production process due to a variety of causes.

Summary of the invention

The invention provides a kind of drip irrigation, reasonable disposition is carried out for the key technology in under-film drip irrigation rice cropping process, propose the technical system of drip irrigation paddy rice under wide film planting membrane, meeting under-film drip irrigation rice cultivation under the prerequisite of density and liquid manure supply requirement, for the high-yield and high-efficiency of paddy rice under-film drip irrigation plantation lays the first stone.

The invention provides a kind of drip irrigation, comprise the steps such as seed preparation, soil preparation, sowing, seedling management, irrigation management, fertilizing management and the extermination of disease and insect pest, during described sowing, thickness of sowing is 3.33-3.6 ten thousand caves/mu, preferably 3.33 ten thousand caves/mu; Or thickness of sowing is 3.05-3.26 ten thousand caves/mu, preferably 3.05 ten thousand caves/mu.

Preferably, when thickness of sowing is 3.33-3.6 ten thousand caves/mu, film is wide is 215-225cm, preferred 220cm; Spacing in the rows is 9-10cm; Plantation fabric width is 235-245cm, preferred 240cm; Adopt the line-spacing best configuration pattern of film three pipe 12 row: 13cm+24cm+13cm+20cm+13cm+24cm+13cm+20cm+13cm+24cm+13cm+5 0cm, 3 hollow billet mean allocation are between 12 row paddy rice.

Preferably, when thickness of sowing is 3.05-3.26 ten thousand caves/mu, film is wide is 155-165cm, preferred 160cm; Spacing in the rows 9-10cm; Plantation fabric width 170-180cm, preferred 175cm; The line-spacing of film two Guan Bahang is adopted to prepare: 12.5cm+26cm+12.5cm+26cm+12.5cm+26cm+12.5cm+47cm, 2 hollow billet mean allocation are between 8 row paddy rice.

Preferably, described soil prepares the control comprising weeds, and the control of described weeds carries out closed soil treatment before broadcasting, and sprays mixed herbicide, again sprayed mixed herbicide at after planting 15-25 days.

Preferably, during described seedling management, after rice growing, execute rooting promoter between tillering stage with water droplet, consumption is 1.5-2.5 times of manufacturer's recommended consumption.

Preferably, described in put seedling intertillage be tri-leaf period intertillage, tilling depth 15-20cm.

Preferably, described irrigation management is at rice at whole growth periods irrigation norm 10500 ~ 12000m ³/ hm ²; Preferably, be rice at whole growth periods drip irrigation 38-45 time, irrigation frequency, 3-4 days, needed water peak period irrigation frequency to be 1-2 days.

Further, the concrete grammar of described irrigation management is:

Emerge ~ tri-leaf period:

After rice growing during soil moisture content difference, broadcast and ooze Miao Shui in time afterwards, pour water 2 ~ 3 times, total irrigation quantity 900 ~ 1200m ³/ hm ²;

Three leaves ~ jointing:

Pour water this period 8 ~ 10 times, total amount of pouring water is 2400 ~ 2700m ³/ hm ²;

Jointing ~ heading:

This, paddy rice dripped 9 ~ 10 times phase, total amount of pouring water 2700 ~ 3000m ³/ hm ²;

Heading ~ flowering:

This phase drips 5-6 time, total amount of pouring water 1200 ~ 1500m ³/ hm ²;

Flowering ~ maturation:

This phase drips 14 ~ 16 times, total amount of pouring water 3300 ~ 3600m ³/ hm ², can cut off the water after paddy rice wax ripeness completes.

Preferably, in described fertilizing management under-film drip irrigation paddy rice the time of infertility purity nitrogen fertilizing amount be: 330-345kg/hm ²; Preferred 330kg/hm ²; More preferably, described fertilizing management be under-film drip irrigation paddy rice the time of infertility total fertilization amount be barnyard manure 15 ~ 20t/hm ², water soluble organic fertilizer 120-150kg/hm ², purity nitrogen 300-330kg/hm ², P ₂o ₅150-160kg/hm ², K ₂o70-90kg/hm ², Water-soluble silicon fertilizer 25 ~ 30kg/hm ², boron fertilizer and each 7-8kg/hm of zinc fertilizer ².

Further, the concrete grammar of described fertilizing management is as follows:

Base manure:

Face when the winter, the autumn ploughed and apply farmyard manure, disposablely evenly apply barnyard manure 15 ~ 20t/hm ², two ammonium 40 ~ 50kg/hm ², then plough deeply;

Seedling stage is fertile:

Paddy field applies fertilizer, if when soil is partially saline and alkaline, fertility is uneven, oligotrophy, rice shoot spot film are thin and weak, can divides and execute purity nitrogen 20-30kg/hm with water droplet 2 ~ 3 times because of seedling ², P ₂o ₅25 ~ 30kg/hm ², K ₂o10 ~ 15kg/hm ²with zinc fertilizer 3.5 ~ 4kg/hm ²seedling is impelled to grow;

Tillering fertilizer:

Divide this period and apply purity nitrogen 110-120kg/hm with water 3 times ², P ₂o ₅30 ~ 40kg/hm ², K ₂o10 ~ 15kg/hm ², Water-soluble silicon fertilizer 25 ~ 30kg/hm ², boron fertilizer 7 ~ 8kg/hm ²with zinc fertilizer 3.5 ~ 4kg/hm ²promote that the available tillering of paddy rice and nutrient store quality;

Jointing is fertile:

Drip fertile 2 ~ 3 times this period, total fertilizing amount is purity nitrogen 110-120kg/hm ², P ₂o ₅35 ~ 40kg/hm ², K ₂o 25 ~ 30kg/hm ²with water soluble organic fertilizer 60-75kg/hm ²;

Ear manuer:

Drip fertile 3 ~ 4 times this period, total fertilizing amount is purity nitrogen 50 ~ 60kg/hm ², P ₂o ₅30 ~ 40kg/hm ², K ₂o 25 ~ 30kg/hm ², water soluble organic fertilizer 60-75kg/hm ².

The concrete steps of drip irrigation of the present invention are as follows:

1, seed preparation

There is the awns of 5 millimeter due to self proterties in rice paddy seed, and seed coat raw undercoat, adstringency is comparatively strong, causes and causes blocking mutually between seed in Mechanization sowing, the live essence of large area mechanization cannot be realized quantize to sow requirement, cause after planting sow irregular, emerge uneven.Therefore must carry out except awns process rice paddy seed prior to seeding, adopt special small-sized bearder tool to process, often criticizing the seed treatment time is the effect that can reach ideal in 4-6 minute.

2, soil prepares

Because traditional water logging irrigation method is become under-film drip irrigation by under-film drip irrigation paddy rice, the kind of weeds in field changes thereupon in process of production, and the traditional effect of rice weeding method to under-film drip irrigation paddy field is not obvious does not even have effect.Therefore the control of under-film drip irrigation paddy rice ground weeds sprays compound herbicide before mainly sowing and does soil pre-emergence, ensure that the harm of weeds drops to minimum.The weeding in the time of infertility of paddy rice under-film drip irrigation uses chemistry and the method removing weeds combining and use of manually cutting weeds: generally broadcast first 5 days and carry out closed soil treatment, every mu sprays mixed herbicide 80g, there is first peak in drip irrigation under mulch-film dry-farming paddy rice weeds after after planting 15 to 25 days, now every mu sprays mixed herbicide 60g.Carry out eliminating for twice after the medicament kind of concrete employing can select several agents to mix according to the classification of local weeds in field targetedly.Soil should select applicable soil organic matter content more than 1.5%, more than alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen 50mg/kg, and rapid available phosphorus is greater than 18mg/kg, medium above soil fertility, and the farmland that saliferous alkali number is little, is beneficial to high yield.

3, sow

Can be sowed by more than 15 DEG C when 5cm ground temperature under film is stable.The general time is South Sinkiang early and middle ten days in April, North SinKiang mid or late April.Determine according to thousand kernel weight the amount of sowing, determine per hectare seeding quantity by thousand kernel weight 25g, under-film drip irrigation paddy machinery sowing per hectare seeding quantity about 120 ~ 150kg; The kind that thousand kernel weight is less suitably can turn lower seed hole down, otherwise then tunes up lower seed hole, ensures that every cave number of sowing is 7-9 grain.Once completed by under-film drip irrigation rice seeder paving irrigate band, plastic film mulch, dibbling, earthing, require that seeding down is even, do not replay, not broadcast leakage, seed level is consistent, and earthing is good, suppression really, broadcast row end directly, to the end to limit.After carrying out Rice Cropping owing to adopting this culture technique of under-film drip irrigation, the Earbearing law of paddy rice there occurs the change of essence, the Tiller ears of being irrigated by water logging changes stem Cheng Sui into, traditional planting density can not meet the needs of production, this just means that the thickness of sowing of under-film drip irrigation rice cropping is higher, and the planting spacing of traditional field crop can not directly apply in under-film drip irrigation rice cropping, therefore, the auger type earthing implanted device improved is adopted to sow, the patent No. 201310307046.3 of auger type earthing implanted device, thickness of sowing is 3.33-3.6 ten thousand caves/mu, preferably 3.33 ten thousand caves/mu, the wide 220cm of film, spacing in the rows 9-10cm, adopt film three pipe 12

OK: the Spacing form pattern of 13cm+24cm+13cm+20cm+13cm+24cm+13cm+20cm+13cm+24cm+13cm+5 0cm, 3 hollow billet mean allocation are between 12 row paddy rice, and between placement hollow billet is average, line-spacing is 78cm.In this cropping pattern line-spacing and spacing in the rows all can according to the actual conditions of seeding machinery carry out among a small circle float, as long as ensure thickness of sowing, install according to the seed tray of seeding machinery and the size field of cultivation box and all suitably adjust, ensure that the plantation fabric width of wall scroll film is 240cm.

Or thickness of sowing is 3.05-3.26 ten thousand caves/mu (preferably 3.05 ten thousand caves/mu), the wide 150cm of film, film two Guan Bahang, spacing in the rows 10cm, plantation fabric width 165cm, line-spacing is prepared: 10cm+26cm+10cm+26cm+10cm+26cm+10cm+47cm.2 hollow billet mean allocation are between 8 row paddy rice, and between placement hollow billet is average, line-spacing is 82.5cm.

Because planting density, film are wide, spacing in the rows and the more traditional Rice Cropping of line-spacing preparing mode have a very large change, therefore, the parameters such as the management to rice seedling, irrigation water total amount and each irrigation water capacity and irrigation frequency, total fertilization amount and each fertilizing amount and fertilising opportunity are needed to re-start test, to obtain the maximum output under this planting density.When the applicant obtains managing in mode of the present invention by lot of experiments, the output of paddy rice is the highest.

4, seedling management

Root system is the vitals of rice absorbing nutrient, directly has influence on the situation of rice growth.Rice seedling resistance is poor, very easily affects by the harsh weather such as low temperature, arid.Therefore in order to improve emergence rate, promote root system development, improve paddy rice anti contravariance, can process paddy field with rooting promoter or strengthening roots agent at under-film drip irrigation rice seedling, generally executed 1-3 time with water droplet before tillering stage after rice growing, each consumption is 150-250ml, the kind of concrete rooting promoter can be selected according to local market investigation, consumption is 1.5-2.5 times of manufacturer's recommended consumption, manufacturer's recommended consumption is generally fills with root consumption, relative usage is executed larger with water droplet, this scope is test gained, it better can reach the effect of medicament: when consumption is the 1.5-2.5 times of manufacturer's recommended consumption, Plant Height of Rice, paddy rice Determination of Chlorophyll content, paddy rice the mean tillering number, Net Photosynthetic Rate of Rice speed, rice leaf transpiration rate, rice leaf space between cells CO ₂concentration (space between cells CO ₂concentration is higher, and mean that the respiration of blade is stronger, the energy of Crop is more, thus causes the output of paddy rice higher), rice yield etc. is all apparently higher than the effect used when recommending consumption root-growing agent.

5, seedling intertillage is put

Paddy rice under-film drip irrigation field, will look into seedling in time, put seedling for not encircleing the situation that soil emerges voluntarily, in order to avoid rotten seedling.Rice at whole growth periods is exempted from intertillage or is intertilled once: the time, intertillage can reach the object of chesson, maintenance soil moisture, elimination weeds in tri-leaf period.Require that spear cuts soil, make it broken and rise on earth separation plate along shovel face, tilling depth can reach 15 ~ 20cm.Do not press seedling, do not roll over seedling.When the plantation of wide film, the object mainly weeding of intertillage, tri-leaf period height of seedling about 15cm, the plant injury that this interim cultivated opposite side is capable is relatively little, just start a large amount of irrigation fertilization, then intertillage will increase the operation easier of agricultural machinery after tri-leaf period.

6, irrigation management

Under zones of different and different soils quality condition there is larger difference in irrigation program.Generally, rice at whole growth periods drip irrigation 38 ~ 45 times, irrigation frequency, 3 ~ 4d(needed water peak period to be adjusted to 1 ~ 2 day irrigation frequency), irrigation norm 10500 ~ 12000m ³/ hm ²left and right.

Wherein,

Emerge ~ tri-leaf period:

After rice growing during soil moisture content difference, broadcast and ooze Miao Shui in time afterwards, pour water 2 ~ 3 times, total irrigation quantity 900 ~ 1200m ³/ hm ².

Three leaves ~ jointing:

Pour water this period 8 ~ 10 times, total amount of pouring water is 2400 ~ 2700m ³/ hm ².

Jointing ~ heading:

This, paddy rice dripped 9 ~ 10 times phase, total amount of pouring water 2700 ~ 3000m ³/ hm ².

Heading ~ flowering:

This phase drips 5-6 time, total amount of pouring water 1200 ~ 1500m ³/ hm ².

Flowering ~ maturation:

This phase drips 14 ~ 16 times, total amount of pouring water 3300 ~ 3600m ³/ hm ², can cut off the water after paddy rice wax ripeness completes.

7, fertilizing management

The usual soil fertility according to rice cultivation plot and fertilizer efficiency reaction, determine target output and fertilizing amount, the fertilising of paddy rice should adopt the organic and inorganic principle combined, and will notice that fertilizer practice combines with high-yield high-grade culture technique simultaneously, especially will pay attention to liquid manure combined regulating.The time of infertility, total fertilization amount was: barnyard manure (after becoming thoroughly decomposed the 3:2 mixing in mass ratio of chicken manure and cow dung) 15 ~ 20t/hm ², water soluble organic fertilizer 120-150kg/hm ², the side spore fungus strain row punching fertilising that water soluble organic fertilizer is produced purchased from Wo Feng bio-fertilizer Co., Ltd of Weifang City, purity nitrogen 300-330kg/hm ², P ₂o ₅150-160kg/hm ², K ₂o70-90kg/hm ², Water-soluble silicon fertilizer 25 ~ 30kg/hm ², boron fertilizer and each 7-8kg/hm of zinc fertilizer ².

Wherein,

Base manure:

Face when the winter, the autumn ploughed and apply farmyard manure, disposablely evenly apply barnyard manure (after becoming thoroughly decomposed, chicken manure and cow dung 3:2 mix) 15 ~ 20t/hm ², two ammonium 40 ~ 50kg/hm ², then plough deeply, the degree of depth of plowing 27 ~ 30cm, smooth after plough.

Seedling stage is fertile:

Paddy field applies fertilizer, if when soil is partially saline and alkaline, fertility is uneven, oligotrophy, rice shoot spot film are thin and weak, can divides and execute purity nitrogen 20-30kg/hm with water droplet 2 ~ 3 times because of seedling ², P ₂o ₅25 ~ 30kg/hm ², K ₂o10 ~ 15kg/hm ²with zinc fertilizer 3.5 ~ 4kg/hm ²seedling is impelled to grow.

Tillering fertilizer:

Tillering stage is critical period of vegetative growth of rice plants, determines quantity and the nutritional reservoir situation of effective tiller, can divide this period and apply purity nitrogen 110-120kg/hm with water 3 times ², P ₂o ₅30 ~ 40kg/hm ², K ₂o10 ~ 15kg/hm ², Water-soluble silicon fertilizer 25 ~ 30kg/hm ², boron fertilizer 7 ~ 8kg/hm ²with zinc fertilizer 3.5 ~ 4kg/hm ²promote that the available tillering of paddy rice and nutrient store quality.

Jointing is fertile:

Shooting stage vegetative growth of rice plants and reproductive growth are all very vigorous; Weak seedling drips executes liquid manure, should shift to an earlier date, and prosperous seedling and strong sprout should suitably be delayed, and can drip fertile 2 ~ 3 times, total fertilizing amount is purity nitrogen 110-120kg/hm ², P ₂o ₅35 ~ 40kg/hm ², K ₂o25 ~ 30kg/hm ²with water soluble organic fertilizer 60-75kg/hm ².

Ear manuer:

Heading flowering period, young fringe ramp is the critical period that grain number per spike is formed.Can drip fertile 3 ~ 4 times this period, total fertilizing amount is purity nitrogen 50 ~ 60kg/hm ², P ₂o ₅30 ~ 40kg/hm ², K ₂o25 ~ 30kg/hm ², water soluble organic fertilizer 60-75kg/hm ².

Test proves:

(1) with the rising of amount of nitrogen, tiller in the trend increased, and significant difference between different amount of nitrogen, but too high amount of nitrogen can not obtain the highest tiller number, when the sowing amount of purity nitrogen is 330kg/hm ²time, be significantly higher than stem tiller number during other sowing amount.

(2) in each breeding time, the dry matter weight average of nitrogen fertilizer application process is significantly higher than the process of not nitrogen fertilizer application, and when the shooting stage, increase with nitrogen fertilizer application amount, dry-matter accumulation amount also significantly increases; When harvest time, with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer application amount, dry-matter accumulation amount first increases rear minimizing, mainly because applied nitrogen too much causes surplus of nourishing and growing, affects the grouting of Later Stage of Rice.When the sowing amount of purity nitrogen is 330kg/hm ²time, dry-matter accumulation amount reaches peak.

(3) applied nitrogen can significantly improve output, and it is mainly reflected in nitrogen fertilizer application can significantly improve the number of productive ear of drip irrigation paddy rice, grain number per spike, examples explain and thousand kernel weight.Between different amount of nitrogen, with the rising of amount of nitrogen, the trend that number of productive ear, grain number per spike, examples explain and thousand kernel weight all become to rise, but between different amount of nitrogen, the difference of grain number per spike and examples explain is not remarkable; Through test, when the sowing amount of purity nitrogen is 330kg/hm ²time, its net profit is the highest.

(4) with the raising of amount of nitrogen, the nutrition accumulation of N P and K three kinds of elements of under-film drip irrigation paddy rice all can be greatly increased, and can significantly improve the utilization ratio of phosphorus potash fertilizer.When the sowing amount of purity nitrogen is 330kg/hm ²time, the absorption total amount of phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer is the highest.

The applicant is also studied each stage sorption capacity of under-film drip irrigation paddy growth.Obtain each period at paddy growth, apply by fertilizing amount of the present invention, the demand of each stage fertilizer of paddy rice under film can be met, simultaneously, do not produce the waste of fertilizer, make every numerical value of under-film drip irrigation paddy rice: number of productive ear, grain number per spike, examples explain and thousand kernel weight etc. reach the highest.

8, the extermination of disease and insect pest

Under weather conditions in Xinjiang and drip irrigation cultivation mode, the damage by disease and insect of paddy rice occurs comparatively light, and experiment field was safe from harm serious insect pest in recent years substantially, in addition, have a small amount of physiology bacterial wilt at rand, Second Year will check rand irrigate band in time, timely process, ensures that paddy rice normally needs water.

The film adopted before the present invention is wide is the conventional film when cotton in Xinjiang cultivate such as 105cm or 145cm, but these films to there is land utilization rate lower, causing thickness of sowing relatively low, there is certain difficulty in adjustment seeding row spacing increasing thickness of sowing; Covered ground rate is lower, and open country area is comparatively large, causes weeds relatively many.Therefore, when other planting conditions are identical, utilize wide film plantation output relatively high.Quality and water and fertilizer management correlation are comparatively large, during under-film drip irrigation and the wide relation of film little.

Except change film is wide, the present invention adds using of weed killer herbicide and rooting promoter in seedling stage in former technical foundation, more concrete requirement is all had: watering time is more concrete to watering time and fertilizer application amount, former technology is whether each growthdevelopmental stage decides to water according to soil moisture content, operation is difficult to when actual establishing in large scale, existing technology has all carried out quantitative and optimization to the irrigation times (fertilizer application frequency) of each breeding time and total amount of pouring water (fertilizing amount), is through a few annual data analysis and summary; Former technology is only set forth the fertilizing amount of whole breeding time, and existing technology, on the basis changing total fertilization amount, by fertilizing amount specific to each growthdevelopmental stage, operates convenient.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 is that between under-film drip irrigation paddy rice different densities, number of productive ear compares;

Fig. 2 is that between under-film drip irrigation paddy rice different densities, examples explain compares;

Fig. 3 is that between under-film drip irrigation paddy rice different densities, ripening rate compares;

Fig. 4 is Yield compari@between under-film drip irrigation paddy rice different densities.

Embodiment

Following embodiment is convenient to understand the present invention better, but does not limit the present invention.Experimental technique in following embodiment, if no special instructions, is conventional method.

In the present invention, water soluble organic fertilizer applies fertilizer purchased from the side spore fungus strain row punching that such as Weifang City Wo Feng bio-fertilizer Co., Ltd produces.

Embodiment 1

The step of under-film drip irrigation paddy rice of the present invention is as follows:

1, seed preparation

Must carry out except awns process rice paddy seed prior to seeding, adopt special small-sized bearder tool to process, often criticizing the seed treatment time is the effect that can reach ideal in 5 minutes.

2, soil prepares

The weeding in the time of infertility of paddy rice under-film drip irrigation uses chemistry and the method removing weeds combining and use of manually cutting weeds: generally broadcast first 5 days and carry out closed soil treatment, every mu sprays mixed herbicide 80g, there is first peak in drip irrigation under mulch-film dry-farming paddy rice weeds after after planting 15 days, now every mu sprays mixed herbicide 60g.Carry out eliminating for twice after the medicament kind of concrete employing can select several agents to mix according to the classification of local weeds in field targetedly.Soil should select applicable soil organic matter content more than 1.5%, more than alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen 50mg/kg, and rapid available phosphorus is greater than 18mg/kg, medium above soil fertility, and the farmland that saliferous alkali number is little, is beneficial to high yield.

3, sow

Can be sowed by more than 15 DEG C when 5cm ground temperature under film is stable.The general time is South Sinkiang early and middle ten days in April, North SinKiang mid or late April.Determine according to thousand kernel weight the amount of sowing, determine per hectare seeding quantity by thousand kernel weight 25g, under-film drip irrigation paddy machinery sowing per hectare seeding quantity is about 120kg; The kind that thousand kernel weight is less suitably can turn lower seed hole down, otherwise then tunes up lower seed hole, ensures that every cave number of sowing is 7-9 grain.Once completed by under-film drip irrigation rice seeder paving irrigate band, plastic film mulch, dibbling, earthing, require that seeding down is even, do not replay, not broadcast leakage, seed level is consistent, and earthing is good, suppression really, broadcast row end directly, to the end to limit.The auger type earthing implanted device improved is adopted to sow, the patent No. 201310307046.3 of auger type earthing implanted device, thickness of sowing is 3.33 ten thousand caves/mu, the wide 220cm of film, spacing in the rows 10cm, adopt film three pipe 12 row: the Spacing form pattern of 13cm+24cm+13cm+20cm+13cm+24cm+13cm+20cm+13cm+24cm+13cm+5 0cm, 3 hollow billet mean allocation are between 12 row paddy rice, between placement hollow billet is average, line-spacing is 78cm, and the plantation fabric width of wall scroll film is 240cm.

4, seedling management

Can process paddy field with rooting promoter or strengthening roots agent at under-film drip irrigation rice seedling, generally after rice growing, before tillering stage, executed 3 times with water droplet, each consumption is 200ml, the kind of concrete rooting promoter can be selected according to local market investigation, and consumption is 2.0 times of manufacturer's recommended consumption.

5, seedling intertillage is put

Paddy rice under-film drip irrigation field, will look into seedling in time, put seedling for not encircleing the situation that soil emerges voluntarily, in order to avoid rotten seedling.Rice at whole growth periods is exempted from intertillage or is intertilled once: the time, intertillage can reach the object of chesson, maintenance soil moisture, elimination weeds in tri-leaf period.Require that spear cuts soil, make it broken and rise on earth separation plate along shovel face, tilling depth is 15cm.Do not press seedling, do not roll over seedling.When wide film plantation, the object mainly weeding of intertillage.

6, irrigation management

Under zones of different and different soils quality condition there is larger difference in irrigation program.Generally, rice at whole growth periods drip irrigation 40 times, irrigation frequency, 3 ~ 4d, needed water peak period to be adjusted to 1 ~ 2 day irrigation frequency, irrigation norm 12000m ³/ hm ².

Wherein,

Emerge ~ tri-leaf period:

After rice growing during soil moisture content difference, broadcast and ooze Miao Shui in time afterwards, pour water 2 times, total irrigation quantity 1200m ³/ hm ².

Three leaves ~ jointing:

Pour water this period 9 times, total amount of pouring water is 2700m ³/ hm ².

Jointing ~ heading:

This, paddy rice was dripped 9 times phase, and pour water total amount 3000m ³/ hm ².

Heading ~ flowering:

This phase drips 5 times, and pour water total amount 1500m ³/ hm ².

Flowering ~ maturation:

This phase drips 15 times, and pour water total amount 3600m ³/ hm ², can cut off the water after paddy rice wax ripeness completes.

7, fertilizing management

The usual soil fertility according to rice cultivation plot and fertilizer efficiency reaction, determine target output and fertilizing amount, the fertilising of paddy rice should adopt the organic and inorganic principle combined, and will notice that fertilizer practice combines with high-yield high-grade culture technique simultaneously, especially will pay attention to liquid manure combined regulating.The time of infertility, total fertilization amount was: barnyard manure (after becoming thoroughly decomposed the 3:2 mixing in mass ratio of chicken manure and cow dung) 20t/hm ², water soluble organic fertilizer 120kg/hm ², purity nitrogen 330kg/hm ², P ₂o ₅155kg/hm ², K ₂o 90kg/hm ², Water-soluble silicon fertilizer 25kg/hm ², boron fertilizer and each 7.5kg/hm of zinc fertilizer ².

Wherein,

Base manure:

Face when the winter, the autumn ploughed and apply farmyard manure, disposablely evenly apply barnyard manure (after becoming thoroughly decomposed, chicken manure and cow dung 3:2 mix) 20t/hm ², two ammonium 40kg/hm ², then plough deeply, the degree of depth of plowing 27 ~ 30cm, smooth after plough.

Seedling stage is fertile:

Paddy field applies fertilizer, if when soil is partially saline and alkaline, fertility is uneven, oligotrophy, rice shoot spot film are thin and weak, can divides and execute purity nitrogen 22kg/hm with water droplet 2 ~ 3 times because of seedling ², P ₂o ₅25kg/hm ², K ₂o 15kg/hm ²with zinc fertilizer 3.5kg/hm ²seedling is impelled to grow.

Tillering fertilizer:

Tillering stage is critical period of vegetative growth of rice plants, determines quantity and the nutritional reservoir situation of effective tiller, can divide this period and apply purity nitrogen 120kg/hm with water 3 times ², P ₂o ₅34kg/hm ², K ₂o 15kg/hm ², Water-soluble silicon fertilizer 25kg/hm ², boron fertilizer 7.5kg/hm ²with zinc fertilizer 4kg/hm ²promote that the available tillering of paddy rice and nutrient store quality.

Jointing is fertile:

Shooting stage vegetative growth of rice plants and reproductive growth are all very vigorous; Weak seedling drips executes liquid manure, should shift to an earlier date, and prosperous seedling and strong sprout should suitably be delayed, and can drip fertile 2 ~ 3 times, total fertilizing amount is purity nitrogen 120kg/hm ², P ₂o ₅37kg/hm ², K ₂o30kg/hm ²with water soluble organic fertilizer 60kg/hm ².

Ear manuer:

Heading flowering period, young fringe ramp is the critical period that grain number per spike is formed.Can drip fertile 3 ~ 4 times this period, total fertilizing amount is purity nitrogen 60kg/hm ², P ₂o ₅37kg/hm ², K ₂o30kg/hm ², water soluble organic fertilizer 60kg/hm ².

8, the extermination of disease and insect pest

Under weather conditions in Xinjiang and drip irrigation cultivation mode, the damage by disease and insect of paddy rice occurs comparatively light, and experiment field was safe from harm serious insect pest in recent years substantially, in addition, have a small amount of physiology bacterial wilt at rand, Second Year will check rand irrigate band in time, timely process, ensures that paddy rice normally needs water.

Embodiment 2

The step of under-film drip irrigation paddy rice of the present invention is as follows:

1, seed preparation

Must carry out except awns process rice paddy seed prior to seeding, adopt special small-sized bearder tool to process, often criticizing the seed treatment time is the effect that can reach ideal in 4 minutes.

2, soil prepares

The weeding in the time of infertility of paddy rice under-film drip irrigation uses chemistry and the method removing weeds combining and use of manually cutting weeds: generally broadcast first 5 days and carry out closed soil treatment, every mu sprays mixed herbicide 80g, there is first peak in drip irrigation under mulch-film dry-farming paddy rice weeds after after planting 15 days, now every mu sprays mixed herbicide 60g.Carry out eliminating for twice after the medicament kind of concrete employing can select several agents to mix according to the classification of local weeds in field targetedly.Soil should select applicable soil organic matter content more than 1.5%, more than alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen 50mg/kg, and rapid available phosphorus is greater than 18mg/kg, medium above soil fertility, and the farmland that saliferous alkali number is little, is beneficial to high yield.

3, sow

Can be sowed by more than 15 DEG C when 5cm ground temperature under film is stable.The general time is South Sinkiang early and middle ten days in April, North SinKiang mid or late April.Determine according to thousand kernel weight the amount of sowing, determine per hectare seeding quantity by thousand kernel weight 25g, under-film drip irrigation paddy machinery sowing per hectare seeding quantity is about 150kg; The kind that thousand kernel weight is less suitably can turn lower seed hole down, otherwise then tunes up lower seed hole, ensures that every cave number of sowing is 7-9 grain.Once completed by under-film drip irrigation rice seeder paving irrigate band, plastic film mulch, dibbling, earthing, require that seeding down is even, do not replay, not broadcast leakage, seed level is consistent, and earthing is good, suppression really, broadcast row end directly, to the end to limit.The auger type earthing implanted device improved is adopted to sow, the patent No. 201310307046.3 of auger type earthing implanted device, thickness of sowing is 3.05 ten thousand caves/mu, the wide 150cm of film, one film two Guan Bahang, spacing in the rows 10cm, plantation fabric width 165cm, line-spacing is prepared: 10cm+26cm+10cm+26cm+10cm+26cm+10cm+47cm.2 hollow billet mean allocation are between 8 row paddy rice, and between placement hollow billet is average, line-spacing is 82.5cm.

4, seedling management

Can process paddy field with rooting promoter or strengthening roots agent at under-film drip irrigation rice seedling, generally after rice growing, before tillering stage, executed 2 times with water droplet, each consumption is 250ml, the kind of concrete rooting promoter can be selected according to local market investigation, and consumption is 1.5 times of manufacturer's recommended consumption.

5, seedling intertillage is put

Paddy rice under-film drip irrigation field, will look into seedling in time, put seedling for not encircleing the situation that soil emerges voluntarily, in order to avoid rotten seedling.Rice at whole growth periods is exempted from intertillage or is intertilled once: the time, intertillage can reach the object of chesson, maintenance soil moisture, elimination weeds in tri-leaf period.Require that spear cuts soil, make it broken and rise on earth separation plate along shovel face, tilling depth is 20cm.Do not press seedling, do not roll over seedling.When wide film plantation, the object mainly weeding of intertillage.

6, irrigation management

Under zones of different and different soils quality condition there is larger difference in irrigation program.Generally, rice at whole growth periods drip irrigation 45 times, irrigation frequency, 3 ~ 4d, needed water peak period to be adjusted to 1 ~ 2 day irrigation frequency, irrigation norm 10500m ³/ hm ².

Wherein,

Emerge ~ tri-leaf period:

After rice growing during soil moisture content difference, broadcast and ooze Miao Shui in time afterwards, pour water 3 times, total irrigation quantity 900m ³/ hm ².

Three leaves ~ jointing:

Pour water this period 10 times, total amount of pouring water is 2400m ³/ hm ².

Jointing ~ heading:

This, paddy rice was dripped 10 times phase, and pour water total amount 2700m ³/ hm ².

Heading ~ flowering:

This phase drips 6 times, and pour water total amount 1200m ³/ hm ².

Flowering ~ maturation:

This phase drips 16 times, and pour water total amount 3300m ³/ hm ², can cut off the water after paddy rice wax ripeness completes.

7, fertilizing management

The usual soil fertility according to rice cultivation plot and fertilizer efficiency reaction, determine target output and fertilizing amount, the fertilising of paddy rice should adopt the organic and inorganic principle combined, and will notice that fertilizer practice combines with high-yield high-grade culture technique simultaneously, especially will pay attention to liquid manure combined regulating.The time of infertility, total fertilization amount was: barnyard manure (after becoming thoroughly decomposed the 3:2 mixing in mass ratio of chicken manure and cow dung) 20t/hm ², water soluble organic fertilizer 150kg/hm ², purity nitrogen 320kg/hm ², P ₂o ₅160kg/hm ², K ₂o70kg/hm ², Water-soluble silicon fertilizer 30kg/hm ², boron fertilizer and each 8kg/hm of zinc fertilizer ².

Wherein,

Base manure:

Face when the winter, the autumn ploughed and apply farmyard manure, disposablely evenly apply barnyard manure (after becoming thoroughly decomposed, chicken manure and cow dung 3:2 mix) 20t/hm ², two ammonium 50kg/hm ², then plough deeply, the degree of depth of plowing 27 ~ 30cm, smooth after plough.

Seedling stage is fertile:

Paddy field applies fertilizer, if when soil is partially saline and alkaline, fertility is uneven, oligotrophy, rice shoot spot film are thin and weak, can divides and execute purity nitrogen 30kg/hm with water droplet 2 ~ 3 times because of seedling ², P ₂o ₅25kg/hm ², K ₂o10kg/hm ²with zinc fertilizer 4kg/hm ²seedling is impelled to grow.

Tillering fertilizer:

Tillering stage is critical period of vegetative growth of rice plants, determines quantity and the nutritional reservoir situation of effective tiller, can divide this period and apply purity nitrogen 110kg/hm with water 3 times ², P ₂o ₅38kg/hm ², K ₂o10kg/hm ², Water-soluble silicon fertilizer 30kg/hm ², boron fertilizer 8kg/hm ²with zinc fertilizer 4kg/hm ²promote that the available tillering of paddy rice and nutrient store quality.

Jointing is fertile:

Shooting stage vegetative growth of rice plants and reproductive growth are all very vigorous; Weak seedling drips executes liquid manure, should shift to an earlier date, and prosperous seedling and strong sprout should suitably be delayed, and can drip fertile 2 ~ 3 times, total fertilizing amount is purity nitrogen 114kg/hm ², P ₂o ₅35kg/hm ², K ₂o25kg/hm ²with water soluble organic fertilizer 75kg/hm ².

Ear manuer:

Heading flowering period, young fringe ramp is the critical period that grain number per spike is formed.Can drip fertile 3 ~ 4 times this period, total fertilizing amount is purity nitrogen 55kg/hm ², P ₂o ₅35kg/hm ², K ₂o25kg/hm ², water soluble organic fertilizer 75kg/hm ².

8, the extermination of disease and insect pest

Under weather conditions in Xinjiang and drip irrigation cultivation mode, the damage by disease and insect of paddy rice occurs comparatively light, and experiment field was safe from harm serious insect pest in recent years substantially, in addition, have a small amount of physiology bacterial wilt at rand, Second Year will check rand irrigate band in time, timely process, ensures that paddy rice normally needs water.

Embodiment 3

The step of under-film drip irrigation paddy rice of the present invention is as follows:

1, seed preparation

Must carry out except awns process rice paddy seed prior to seeding, adopt special small-sized bearder tool to process, often criticizing the seed treatment time is the effect that can reach ideal in 6 minutes.

2, soil prepares

The weeding in the time of infertility of paddy rice under-film drip irrigation uses chemistry and the method removing weeds combining and use of manually cutting weeds: generally broadcast first 5 days and carry out closed soil treatment, every mu sprays mixed herbicide 80g, there is first peak in drip irrigation under mulch-film dry-farming paddy rice weeds after after planting 15 days, now every mu sprays mixed herbicide 60g.Carry out eliminating for twice after the medicament kind of concrete employing can select several agents to mix according to the classification of local weeds in field targetedly.Soil should select applicable soil organic matter content more than 1.5%, more than alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen 50mg/kg, and rapid available phosphorus is greater than 18mg/kg, medium above soil fertility, and the farmland that saliferous alkali number is little, is beneficial to high yield.

3, sow

Can be sowed by more than 15 DEG C when 5cm ground temperature under film is stable.The general time is South Sinkiang early and middle ten days in April, North SinKiang mid or late April.Determine according to thousand kernel weight the amount of sowing, determine per hectare seeding quantity by thousand kernel weight 25g, under-film drip irrigation paddy machinery sowing per hectare seeding quantity is about 130kg; The kind that thousand kernel weight is less suitably can turn lower seed hole down, otherwise then tunes up lower seed hole, ensures that every cave number of sowing is 7-9 grain.Once completed by under-film drip irrigation rice seeder paving irrigate band, plastic film mulch, dibbling, earthing, require that seeding down is even, do not replay, not broadcast leakage, seed level is consistent, and earthing is good, suppression really, broadcast row end directly, to the end to limit.The auger type earthing implanted device improved is adopted to sow, the patent No. 201310307046.3 of auger type earthing implanted device, thickness of sowing is 3.6 ten thousand caves/mu, the wide 220cm of film, spacing in the rows 9cm, adopt film three pipe 12 row: the Spacing form pattern of 13cm+24cm+13cm+20cm+13cm+24cm+13cm+20cm+13cm+24cm+13cm+50cm, 3 hollow billet mean allocation are between 12 row paddy rice, between placement hollow billet is average, line-spacing is 78cm, and the plantation fabric width of wall scroll film is 240cm.

4, seedling management

Can process paddy field with rooting promoter or strengthening roots agent at under-film drip irrigation rice seedling, generally after rice growing, before tillering stage, executed 2 times with water droplet, each consumption is 150ml, the kind of concrete rooting promoter can be selected according to local market investigation, and consumption is 2.5 times of manufacturer's recommended consumption.

5, seedling intertillage is put

Paddy rice under-film drip irrigation field, will look into seedling in time, put seedling for not encircleing the situation that soil emerges voluntarily, in order to avoid rotten seedling.Rice at whole growth periods is exempted from intertillage or is intertilled once: the time, intertillage can reach the object of chesson, maintenance soil moisture, elimination weeds in tri-leaf period.Require that spear cuts soil, make it broken and rise on earth separation plate along shovel face, tilling depth is 18cm.Do not press seedling, do not roll over seedling.When wide film plantation, the object mainly weeding of intertillage.

6, irrigation management

Under zones of different and different soils quality condition there is larger difference in irrigation program.Generally, rice at whole growth periods drip irrigation 38 times, irrigation frequency, 3 ~ 4d, needed water peak period to be adjusted to 1 ~ 2 day irrigation frequency, irrigation norm 11250m ³/ hm ².

Wherein,

Emerge ~ tri-leaf period:

After rice growing during soil moisture content difference, broadcast and ooze Miao Shui in time afterwards, pour water 2 times, total irrigation quantity 1050m ³/ hm ².

Three leaves ~ jointing:

Pour water this period 8 times, total amount of pouring water is 2550m ³/ hm ².

Jointing ~ heading:

This, paddy rice was dripped 9 times phase, and pour water total amount 2850m ³/ hm ².

Heading ~ flowering:

This phase drips 5 times, and pour water total amount 1350m ³/ hm ².

Flowering ~ maturation:

This phase drips 14 times, and pour water total amount 3450m ³/ hm ², can cut off the water after paddy rice wax ripeness completes.

7, fertilizing management

The usual soil fertility according to rice cultivation plot and fertilizer efficiency reaction, determine target output and fertilizing amount, the fertilising of paddy rice should adopt the organic and inorganic principle combined, and will notice that fertilizer practice combines with high-yield high-grade culture technique simultaneously, especially will pay attention to liquid manure combined regulating.The time of infertility, total fertilization amount was: barnyard manure (after becoming thoroughly decomposed the 3:2 mixing in mass ratio of chicken manure and cow dung) 20t/hm ², water soluble organic fertilizer 140kg/hm ², purity nitrogen 300kg/hm ², P ₂o ₅150kg/hm ², K ₂o80kg/hm ², Water-soluble silicon fertilizer 28kg/hm ², boron fertilizer and each 8kg/hm of zinc fertilizer ².

Wherein,

Base manure:

Face when the winter, the autumn ploughed and apply farmyard manure, disposablely evenly apply barnyard manure (after becoming thoroughly decomposed, chicken manure and cow dung 3:2 mix) 20t/hm ², two ammonium 40kg/hm ², then plough deeply, the degree of depth of plowing 27 ~ 30cm, smooth after plough.

Seedling stage is fertile:

Paddy field applies fertilizer, if when soil is partially saline and alkaline, fertility is uneven, oligotrophy, rice shoot spot film are thin and weak, can divides and execute purity nitrogen 20kg/hm with water droplet 2 ~ 3 times because of seedling ², P ₂o ₅25kg/hm ², K ₂o12kg/hm ²with zinc fertilizer 4kg/hm ²seedling is impelled to grow.

Tillering fertilizer:

Tillering stage is critical period of vegetative growth of rice plants, determines quantity and the nutritional reservoir situation of effective tiller, can divide this period and apply purity nitrogen 112kg/hm with water 3 times ², P ₂o ₅33kg/hm ², K ₂o13kg/hm ², Water-soluble silicon fertilizer 28kg/hm ², boron fertilizer 8kg/hm ²with zinc fertilizer 4kg/hm ²promote that the available tillering of paddy rice and nutrient store quality.

Jointing is fertile:

Shooting stage vegetative growth of rice plants and reproductive growth are all very vigorous; Weak seedling drips executes liquid manure, should shift to an earlier date, and prosperous seedling and strong sprout should suitably be delayed, and can drip fertile 2 ~ 3 times, total fertilizing amount is purity nitrogen 110kg/hm ², P ₂o ₅35kg/hm ², K ₂o28g/hm ²with water soluble organic fertilizer 70kg/hm ².

Ear manuer:

Heading flowering period, young fringe ramp is the critical period that grain number per spike is formed.Can drip fertile 3 ~ 4 times this period, total fertilizing amount is purity nitrogen 50kg/hm ², P ₂o ₅35kg/hm ², K ₂o27kg/hm ², water soluble organic fertilizer 70kg/hm ².

8, the extermination of disease and insect pest

Under weather conditions in Xinjiang and drip irrigation cultivation mode, the damage by disease and insect of paddy rice occurs comparatively light, and experiment field was safe from harm serious insect pest in recent years substantially, in addition, have a small amount of physiology bacterial wilt at rand, Second Year will check rand irrigate band in time, timely process, ensures that paddy rice normally needs water.

Embodiment 4

The present embodiment difference from Example 1 is:

In sowing step, thickness of sowing is 3.4 ten thousand caves/mu, and spacing in the rows 9cm, adopts the Spacing form pattern of film three pipe 12 row.All the other are all identical.

Embodiment 5

The present embodiment difference from Example 2 is:

In sowing step, thickness of sowing is 3.26 ten thousand caves/mu, and spacing in the rows 9cm, adopts the Spacing form pattern of film two Guan Bahang.All the other are all identical.

One, the applicant is for the concrete test of the parameter configuration such as under-film drip irrigation Rice Cropping density and seeding row spacing.

Yang Huijie etc. think that first Super-high-yielding Cultivation in Rice should ensure enough spike numbers, and cultivate large fringe on this basis, form every square metre of relatively many total grain numbers.Production practices prove, overemphasize large fringe, easily make rice quality become bad on the one hand, also easily cause ripening rate to reduce on the other hand.Along with the raising of cultivation step and irrigation and fertilization measurement, the density improving under-film drip irrigation paddy rice further can be explored, by increasing fringe, increase grain and expand output storage capacity, improve Seed-Setting Percentage in Rice, thus improve rice yield.2010-2011 the applicant, on the basis that screening varieties is tested, carries out under-film drip irrigation paddy rice density test and cropping pattern research, determines the density that under-film drip irrigation paddy rice is suitable and planting spacing, to obtaining higher target output.

1. testing program

2013 test sowing date is May 1, and kind adopts T-43, mechanical rupture of membranes, artificial dibbling, seed level 2-3cm, every bunch planting kind 8 ~ 10.Establish 6 process altogether, three repeat randomised block design, and concrete configuration is in table 1.Supply water according to Rice Growing feature in good time, in right amount, and accomplish that liquid manure combines, drip simultaneously fertile with water droplet, plan irrigation quantity 750m the time of infertility ³/ 666.7m ², fertilizing amount urea 40kg/666.7m ², fertile Supreme Being irrigates, and (a kind of fertilizer trade name, mainly containing macroelement (N+P ₂o ₅+ K ₂0)>=58%, is purchased from Xinjiang Bo Shuosi chemical fertilizer Co., Ltd, and full name is macroelement water-soluble fertilizer) 20kg/666.7m ², each process was carried out species test and surveys producing in the maturing stage, and index is examples explain, ripening rate, the percentage of earbearing tiller and theoretical yield.

Table 1 Rice Cropping pattern and density test allocation plan

2. result of the test and analysis: see table 2 and Fig. 1-4.

Table 2 cropping pattern and the investigation of density test yield traits

As can be seen from table 2 and Fig. 1-4, along with the increase of density, the number of productive ear of paddy rice is also in increase, and the number of productive ear difference between process 4 and process 6 is not remarkable, and between other process, difference is all remarkable; Examples explain significant difference between 6 process, but be not clearly, may be because the examples explain breediness factor of every fringe is greater than the impact of the extraneous factors such as liquid manure, only have between process 3 and process 6 and differ greatly; Along with the increase of density, ripening rate minimizing, but process between difference not remarkable, only process the significant difference between 1 and process 6, the reason that ripening rate reduces may be the increase along with population density, covers mutually, have impact on photosynthesis and cause ripening rate to decline between individuality; Thousand kernel weight difference between 6 process is all not remarkable, illustrates that the impact of the change of density on thousand kernel weight is little.Output between 6 density process is all higher, and significant difference, along with the increase of density, output is also in increase, the cropping pattern output of density 3.33 ten thousand caves/mu (1 film 3 pipe 12 row) is up to 737.82kg/ mu, and the output of density 3.05 ten thousand caves/mu (1 film 2 pipe 8 row) also reaches 700kg/ mu, illustrates that 2 kinds of pipe racks are arranged and is all applicable to under-film drip irrigation rice cropping, drip comparatively even, be conducive to the absorption of moisture, nutrient.

The number of productive ear of paddy rice, grain number per spike, ripening rate and thousand kernel weight constitute the rice yield factor, and in sum, along with the increase of density, output is more and more higher; The change of density is little on the grain number per spike of paddy rice, thousand kernel weight impact, has a certain impact to ripening rate, larger on number of productive ear impact.1 film 3 pipe 12 row and 1 film 2 pipe 8 row and these two kinds of configuration modes of spacing in the rows 10cm are comparatively applicable to under-film drip irrigation Rice Cropping.

Two, the applicant carries out the concrete test of law of needing the water for under-film drip irrigation Rice Cropping

2011-2013, the applicant is on the basis of variety trial and density test, carry out the law of needing the water of under-film drip irrigation rice-cultivating different times and the research of irrigation program, research under-film drip irrigation paddy growth Law of Water Consumption breeding time, comprises the water consumption of rice at whole growth periods and the water consumption intensity of each breeding time.

(1). experimental design

Rice varieties (T-43), urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, soil conditioner.Establish 5 process altogether, three repetitions are established in each process, and each processing area is 66.67m ².When within 2010, the autumn plows, every mu uses 25kg soil conditioner to improve soil structure, basal dressing urea 8kg/ mu, three material (azophoska) 5kg/ mu, fertilizer 20kg/ mu.Specific design scheme is see table 3.

The process of table 3 under-film drip irrigation rice water

(2). experimental field basic management

Seeding method adopts program request on mechanization film, and pattern is 1 film 2 pipe 8 row, the wide 1.6m of film, and cave is apart from 10 cm, and sow 8-12 grain in every cave, sowing depth 2-3cm, irrigate band 2.1L/h.Adopt high frequency irrigation method the time of infertility, pour water altogether 40 times, fertilizer is executed with water droplet, is divided into 10 times and has executed.

(3). sampling and method of testing

Proper Sampling Period is divided into tillering stage, shooting stage, booting stage, heading stage, milk ripe stage, harvest time.A film of the centre of each community of each selection, choose the plant sample in representative continuous 5 caves, complete 30min at 105 DEG C, and then at 75 DEG C, oven dry 48 is little of constant weight, and takes dry weight respectively.Sample after drying is pulverized respectively, to be determined after packing.

Determination of yield: respectively process 0.5m with getting before results ²the indoor species test of plant.Concrete mensuration project number of productive ear, examples explain, blighted grain number, thousand kernel weight.

(4). results and analysis

1. different irrigation is on drip irrigation economize growing process impact under rice membrane

As can be seen from Table 4, the tillering stage impact of different irrigation on under-film drip irrigation paddy rice is little, and process 4 was than other process one day ahead of time; Shooting stage, heading stage and pustulation period all extend gradually with its growth cycle of increase of irrigation quantity, and this illustrates the increase with rate of water added, and the vegetative growth phase of paddy rice, in growth, enters reproductive growth more late.

Table 4 different irrigation is on the impact of Rice Growing process

2. different irrigation is on under-film drip irrigation Plant Height of Rice, blade, the impact of tillering, see table 5.

Table 5 different irrigation is on the impact of morphology

Can find out from table 5, the number of blade of different irrigation on paddy rice under-film drip irrigation each breeding time does not affect substantially, and this is mainly because blade quantity belongs to the hereditary capacity of kind.Along with the plant height of increase paddy rice each breeding time of irrigation quantity is also in increase, irrigation quantity on plant height to affect difference also little.The change of irrigation quantity mainly has a certain impact to Tiller ears, and the increase tiller number in the shooting stage with irrigation quantity increases, but ineffective tillering is also increasing.

3. different irrigation and Different Fertilization amount are on the impact of yield component, see table 6.

Table 6 different irrigation is on the impact of Yield And Yield Components

As can be seen from Table 6, irrigation quantity size affects little on under-film drip irrigation Seed-Setting Percentage in Rice and thousand kernel weight, and 5 equal differences of process are not remarkable; Number of productive ear difference between 5 process is not obvious, only processes 1 and differs greatly with process 4,600m is described ³irrigation quantity had a strong impact on the Tiller ears of paddy rice, 800m ³irrigation quantity makes ineffective tillering too much, have impact on number of productive ear; Process 1 and process 2 and other process between grain number per spike significant difference, may be heading stage water demand be obstructed and produce small ear, thus have impact on grain number per spike.Along with the increase of irrigation quantity, output is also in increase, and the output of process 4 is the highest, 800m ³irrigation quantity may be surplus because early stage nourishes and grows, thus have impact on the grouting in later stage, and the minimizing of number of productive ear, causes production declining.

750m ³and 800m ³the number of productive ear of irrigation quantity, grain number per spike, thousand kernel weight and output entirety are higher; 600m ³irrigation quantity is less than rice in Xinjiang and grows institute's water requirement breeding time, causes its tiller number, grain number per spike less, finally causes production declining.Due to 2011 year-climate reasons, cause Seed-Setting Percentage in Rice not high, if ripening rate improves, rice yield will be made higher.

Last it is noted that the foregoing is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not limited to the present invention, although with reference to previous embodiment to invention has been detailed description, for a person skilled in the art, it still can be modified to the technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments, or carries out equivalent replacement to wherein portion of techniques feature.Within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment done, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (32)

1. a drip irrigation, comprises seed preparation, soil preparation, sowing, seedling management, irrigation management, fertilizing management and pest control procedures, it is characterized in that: during described sowing, thickness of sowing is 3.33-3.6 ten thousand caves/mu; Or thickness of sowing is 3.05-3.26 ten thousand caves/mu; Described irrigation management is at rice at whole growth periods irrigation norm 10500 ~ 12000m ³/ hm ²; The concrete grammar of described irrigation management is:

Emerge ~ tri-leaf period:

After rice growing during soil moisture content difference, broadcast and ooze Miao Shui in time afterwards, pour water 2 ~ 3 times, total irrigation quantity 900 ~ 1200m ³/ hm ²;

Three leaves ~ jointing:

Pour water this period 8 ~ 10 times, total amount of pouring water is 2400 ~ 2700m ³/ hm ²;

Jointing ~ heading:

This, paddy rice dripped 9 ~ 10 times phase, total amount of pouring water 2700 ~ 3000m ³/ hm ²;

Heading ~ flowering:

This phase drips 5-6 time, total amount of pouring water 1200 ~ 1500m ³/ hm ²;

Flowering ~ maturation:

This phase drips 14 ~ 16 times, total amount of pouring water 3300 ~ 3600m ³/ hm ², cut off the water after paddy rice wax ripeness completes.

2. drip irrigation according to claim 1: it is characterized in that: during described sowing, thickness of sowing is 3.33 ten thousand caves/mu.

3. drip irrigation according to claim 1: it is characterized in that: during described sowing, thickness of sowing is 3.05 ten thousand caves/mu.

4. drip irrigation according to claim 1: it is characterized in that: described irrigation management is rice at whole growth periods drip irrigation 38-45 time, irrigation frequency, 3-4 days, needed water peak period irrigation frequency to be 1-2 days.

5. drip irrigation according to claim 1, is characterized in that: when thickness of sowing is 3.33-3.6 ten thousand caves/mu, and film is wide is 215-225cm; Spacing in the rows is 9-10cm; Plantation fabric width is 235-245cm; Adopt the line-spacing best configuration pattern of film three pipe 12 row: 13cm+24cm+13cm+20cm+13cm+24cm+ 13cm+20cm+13cm+24cm+13cm+50cm, 3 hollow billet mean allocation are between 12 row paddy rice.

6. drip irrigation according to claim 5, is characterized in that: described film is wide is 220cm.

7. drip irrigation according to claim 5, is characterized in that: described plantation fabric width is 240cm.

8. drip irrigation according to claim 1, is characterized in that: when thickness of sowing is 3.05-3.26 ten thousand caves/mu, and film is wide is 155-165cm; Spacing in the rows 9-10cm; Plantation fabric width 170-180cm; The line-spacing of film two Guan Bahang is adopted to prepare: 12.5cm+26cm+12.5cm+26cm+12.5cm+26cm+12.5cm+47cm, 2 hollow billet mean allocation are between 8 row paddy rice.

9. drip irrigation according to claim 8, is characterized in that: described film is wide is 160cm.

10. drip irrigation according to claim 8, is characterized in that: described plantation fabric width is 175cm.

11. according to the arbitrary described drip irrigation of claim 1-10, it is characterized in that: described soil prepares to comprise the control of weeds, the control of described weeds carries out closed soil treatment before broadcasting, and sprays mixed herbicide, again sprayed mixed herbicide at after planting 15-25 days.

12., according to the arbitrary described drip irrigation of claim 1-10, is characterized in that: during described seedling management, after rice growing, execute rooting promoter between tillering stage with water droplet, and consumption is 1.5-2.5 times of manufacturer's recommended consumption.

13. drip irrigation according to claim 11, is characterized in that: during described seedling management, after rice growing, execute rooting promoter between tillering stage with water droplet, and consumption is 1.5-2.5 times of manufacturer's recommended consumption.

14., according to the arbitrary described drip irrigation of claim 1-10, is characterized in that: after seedling management, also comprise the step of putting seedling intertillage, described in put seedling intertillage be in intertillage in tri-leaf period, tilling depth 15-20cm.

15. drip irrigation according to claim 11, is characterized in that: also comprise after seedling management put seedling intertillage step, described in put seedling intertillage be tri-leaf period intertillage, tilling depth 15-20cm.

16. drip irrigation according to claim 12, is characterized in that: also comprise after seedling management put seedling intertillage step, described in put seedling intertillage be tri-leaf period intertillage, tilling depth 15-20cm.

17. drip irrigation according to claim 13, is characterized in that: also comprise after seedling management put seedling intertillage step, described in put seedling intertillage be tri-leaf period intertillage, tilling depth 15-20cm.

18. according to claim 1-10,13,15,16,17 arbitrary described drip irrigation, it is characterized in that: in described fertilizing management under-film drip irrigation paddy rice the time of infertility purity nitrogen fertilizing amount be: 330-345kg/hm ².

19. drip irrigation according to claim 11, is characterized in that: in described fertilizing management under-film drip irrigation paddy rice the time of infertility purity nitrogen fertilizing amount be: 330-345kg/hm ².

20. drip irrigation according to claim 12, is characterized in that: in described fertilizing management under-film drip irrigation paddy rice the time of infertility purity nitrogen fertilizing amount be: 330-345kg/hm ².

21. drip irrigation according to claim 14, is characterized in that: in described fertilizing management under-film drip irrigation paddy rice the time of infertility purity nitrogen fertilizing amount be: 330-345kg/hm ².

22. drip irrigation according to claim 18, is characterized in that: in described fertilizing management under-film drip irrigation paddy rice the time of infertility purity nitrogen fertilizing amount be: 330kg/hm ².

23., according to the arbitrary described drip irrigation of claim 19-21, is characterized in that: in described fertilizing management under-film drip irrigation paddy rice the time of infertility purity nitrogen fertilizing amount be: 330kg/hm ².

24. according to claim 1-10,13,15,16,17 arbitrary described drip irrigation, it is characterized in that: described fertilizing management be under-film drip irrigation paddy rice the time of infertility total fertilization amount be barnyard manure 15 ~ 20t/hm ², water soluble organic fertilizer 120-150kg/hm ², purity nitrogen 300-330kg/hm ², P ₂o ₅150-160kg/hm ², K ₂o 70-90kg/hm ², Water-soluble silicon fertilizer 25 ~ 30kg/hm ², boron fertilizer and each 7-8kg/hm of zinc fertilizer ².

25. drip irrigation according to claim 11, is characterized in that: described fertilizing management be under-film drip irrigation paddy rice the time of infertility total fertilization amount be barnyard manure 15 ~ 20t/hm ², water soluble organic fertilizer 120-150kg/hm ², purity nitrogen 300-330kg/hm ², P ₂o ₅150-160kg/hm ², K ₂o 70-90kg/hm ², Water-soluble silicon fertilizer 25 ~ 30kg/hm ², boron fertilizer and each 7-8kg/hm of zinc fertilizer ².

26. drip irrigation according to claim 12, is characterized in that: described fertilizing management be under-film drip irrigation paddy rice the time of infertility total fertilization amount be barnyard manure 15 ~ 20t/hm ², water soluble organic fertilizer 120-150kg/hm ², purity nitrogen 300-330kg/hm ², P ₂o ₅150-160kg/hm ², K ₂o 70-90kg/hm ², Water-soluble silicon fertilizer 25 ~ 30kg/hm ², boron fertilizer and each 7-8kg/hm of zinc fertilizer ².

27. drip irrigation according to claim 14, is characterized in that: described fertilizing management be under-film drip irrigation paddy rice the time of infertility total fertilization amount be barnyard manure 15 ~ 20t/hm ², water soluble organic fertilizer 120-150kg/hm ², purity nitrogen 300-330kg/hm ², P ₂o ₅150-160kg/hm ², K ₂o 70-90kg/hm ², Water-soluble silicon fertilizer 25 ~ 30kg/hm ², boron fertilizer and each 7-8kg/hm of zinc fertilizer ².

28. drip irrigation according to claim 18, is characterized in that: the concrete grammar of described fertilizing management is as follows:

Base manure:

Face when the winter, the autumn ploughed and apply farmyard manure, disposablely evenly apply barnyard manure 15 ~ 20t/hm ², two ammonium 40 ~ 50kg/hm ², then plough deeply;

Seedling stage is fertile:

Paddy field applies fertilizer because of seedling, if when soil is partially saline and alkaline, fertility is uneven, oligotrophy, rice shoot spot film are thin and weak, divides and executes purity nitrogen 20-30kg/hm with water droplet 2 ~ 3 times ², P ₂o ₅25 ~ 30kg/hm ², K ₂o 10 ~ 15kg/hm ²with zinc fertilizer 3.5 ~ 4kg/hm ²seedling is impelled to grow;

Tillering fertilizer:

Divide this period and apply purity nitrogen 110-120kg/hm with water 3 times ², P ₂o ₅30 ~ 40kg/hm ², K ₂o 10 ~ 15kg/hm ², Water-soluble silicon fertilizer 25 ~ 30kg/hm ², boron fertilizer 7 ~ 8kg/hm ²with zinc fertilizer 3.5 ~ 4kg/hm ²promote that the available tillering of paddy rice and nutrient store quality;

Jointing is fertile:

Drip fertile 2 ~ 3 times this period, total fertilizing amount is purity nitrogen 110-120kg/hm ², P ₂o ₅35 ~ 40kg/hm ², K ₂o 25 ~ 30kg/hm ²with water soluble organic fertilizer 60-75kg/hm ²;

Ear manuer:

Drip fertile 3 ~ 4 times this period, total fertilizing amount is purity nitrogen 50 ~ 60kg/hm ², P ₂o ₅30 ~ 40kg/hm ², K ₂o 25 ~ 30kg/hm ², water soluble organic fertilizer 60-75kg/hm ².

29., according to the arbitrary described drip irrigation of claim 19-22, is characterized in that: the concrete grammar of described fertilizing management is as follows:

Base manure:

Face when the winter, the autumn ploughed and apply farmyard manure, disposablely evenly apply barnyard manure 15 ~ 20t/hm ², two ammonium 40 ~ 50kg/hm ², then plough deeply;

Seedling stage is fertile:

Paddy field applies fertilizer because of seedling, if when soil is partially saline and alkaline, fertility is uneven, oligotrophy, rice shoot spot film are thin and weak, divides and executes purity nitrogen 20-30kg/hm with water droplet 2 ~ 3 times ², P ₂o ₅25 ~ 30kg/hm ², K ₂o 10 ~ 15kg/hm ²with zinc fertilizer 3.5 ~ 4kg/hm ²seedling is impelled to grow;

Tillering fertilizer:

Divide this period and apply purity nitrogen 110-120kg/hm with water 3 times ², P ₂o ₅30 ~ 40kg/hm ², K ₂o 10 ~ 15kg/hm ², Water-soluble silicon fertilizer 25 ~ 30kg/hm ², boron fertilizer 7 ~ 8kg/hm ²with zinc fertilizer 3.5 ~ 4kg/hm ²promote that the available tillering of paddy rice and nutrient store quality;

Jointing is fertile:

Drip fertile 2 ~ 3 times this period, total fertilizing amount is purity nitrogen 110-120kg/hm ², P ₂o ₅35 ~ 40kg/hm ², K ₂o 25 ~ 30kg/hm ²with water soluble organic fertilizer 60-75kg/hm ²;

Ear manuer:

Drip fertile 3 ~ 4 times this period, total fertilizing amount is purity nitrogen 50 ~ 60kg/hm ², P ₂o ₅30 ~ 40kg/hm ², K ₂o 25 ~ 30kg/hm ², water soluble organic fertilizer 60-75kg/hm ².

30. drip irrigation according to claim 23, is characterized in that: the concrete grammar of described fertilizing management is as follows:

Base manure:

Face when the winter, the autumn ploughed and apply farmyard manure, disposablely evenly apply barnyard manure 15 ~ 20t/hm ², two ammonium 40 ~ 50kg/hm ², then plough deeply;

Seedling stage is fertile:

Paddy field applies fertilizer because of seedling, if when soil is partially saline and alkaline, fertility is uneven, oligotrophy, rice shoot spot film are thin and weak, divides and executes purity nitrogen 20-30kg/hm with water droplet 2 ~ 3 times ², P ₂o ₅25 ~ 30kg/hm ², K ₂o 10 ~ 15kg/hm ²with zinc fertilizer 3.5 ~ 4kg/hm ²seedling is impelled to grow;

Tillering fertilizer:

Divide this period and apply purity nitrogen 110-120kg/hm with water 3 times ², P ₂o ₅30 ~ 40kg/hm ², K ₂o 10 ~ 15kg/hm ², Water-soluble silicon fertilizer 25 ~ 30kg/hm ², boron fertilizer 7 ~ 8kg/hm ²with zinc fertilizer 3.5 ~ 4kg/hm ²promote that the available tillering of paddy rice and nutrient store quality;

Jointing is fertile:

Drip fertile 2 ~ 3 times this period, total fertilizing amount is purity nitrogen 110-120kg/hm ², P ₂o ₅35 ~ 40kg/hm ², K ₂o 25 ~ 30kg/hm ²with water soluble organic fertilizer 60-75kg/hm ²;

Ear manuer:

Drip fertile 3 ~ 4 times this period, total fertilizing amount is purity nitrogen 50 ~ 60kg/hm ², P ₂o ₅30 ~ 40kg/hm ², K ₂o 25 ~ 30kg/hm ², water soluble organic fertilizer 60-75kg/hm ².

31. drip irrigation according to claim 24, is characterized in that: the concrete grammar of described fertilizing management is as follows:

Base manure:

Face when the winter, the autumn ploughed and apply farmyard manure, disposablely evenly apply barnyard manure 15 ~ 20t/hm ², two ammonium 40 ~ 50kg/hm ², then plough deeply;

Seedling stage is fertile:

Paddy field applies fertilizer because of seedling, if when soil is partially saline and alkaline, fertility is uneven, oligotrophy, rice shoot spot film are thin and weak, divides and executes purity nitrogen 20-30kg/hm with water droplet 2 ~ 3 times ², P ₂o ₅25 ~ 30kg/hm ², K ₂o 10 ~ 15kg/hm ²with zinc fertilizer 3.5 ~ 4kg/hm ²seedling is impelled to grow;

Tillering fertilizer:

Divide this period and apply purity nitrogen 110-120kg/hm with water 3 times ², P ₂o ₅30 ~ 40kg/hm ², K ₂o 10 ~ 15kg/hm ², Water-soluble silicon fertilizer 25 ~ 30kg/hm ², boron fertilizer 7 ~ 8kg/hm ²with zinc fertilizer 3.5 ~ 4kg/hm ²promote that the available tillering of paddy rice and nutrient store quality;

Jointing is fertile:

Drip fertile 2 ~ 3 times this period, total fertilizing amount is purity nitrogen 110-120kg/hm ², P ₂o ₅35 ~ 40kg/hm ², K ₂o 25 ~ 30kg/hm ²with water soluble organic fertilizer 60-75kg/hm ²;

Ear manuer:

Drip fertile 3 ~ 4 times this period, total fertilizing amount is purity nitrogen 50 ~ 60kg/hm ², P ₂o ₅30 ~ 40kg/hm ², K ₂o 25 ~ 30kg/hm ², water soluble organic fertilizer 60-75kg/hm ².

32., according to the arbitrary described drip irrigation of claim 25-27, is characterized in that: the concrete grammar of described fertilizing management is as follows:

Base manure:

Face when the winter, the autumn ploughed and apply farmyard manure, disposablely evenly apply barnyard manure 15 ~ 20t/hm ², two ammonium 40 ~ 50kg/hm ², then plough deeply;

Seedling stage is fertile:

Paddy field applies fertilizer because of seedling, if when soil is partially saline and alkaline, fertility is uneven, oligotrophy, rice shoot spot film are thin and weak, divides and executes purity nitrogen 20-30kg/hm with water droplet 2 ~ 3 times ², P ₂o ₅25 ~ 30kg/hm ², K ₂o 10 ~ 15kg/hm ²with zinc fertilizer 3.5 ~ 4kg/hm ²seedling is impelled to grow;

Tillering fertilizer:

Divide this period and apply purity nitrogen 110-120kg/hm with water 3 times ², P ₂o ₅30 ~ 40kg/hm ², K ₂o 10 ~ 15kg/hm ², Water-soluble silicon fertilizer 25 ~ 30kg/hm ², boron fertilizer 7 ~ 8kg/hm ²with zinc fertilizer 3.5 ~ 4kg/hm ²promote that the available tillering of paddy rice and nutrient store quality;

Jointing is fertile:

Drip fertile 2 ~ 3 times this period, total fertilizing amount is purity nitrogen 110-120kg/hm ², P ₂o ₅35 ~ 40kg/hm ², K ₂o 25 ~ 30kg/hm ²with water soluble organic fertilizer 60-75kg/hm ²;

Ear manuer:

Drip fertile 3 ~ 4 times this period, total fertilizing amount is purity nitrogen 50 ~ 60kg/hm ², P ₂o ₅30 ~ 40kg/hm ², K ₂o 25 ~ 30kg/hm ², water soluble organic fertilizer 60-75kg/hm ².