CN110692472A - Method for field transplanting and breeding stock seeds of potato low latitude plateau tissue culture seedlings - Google Patents
Method for field transplanting and breeding stock seeds of potato low latitude plateau tissue culture seedlings Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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Abstract
A method for transplanting and breeding stock seeds of potato low latitude plateau tissue culture seedlings in a field comprises the steps of establishing a seedling pool, scientifically preparing seedling culture substrates, planting tissue culture seedlings, managing tissue culture seedling culture medical fertilizers, transplanting the tissue culture seedlings in the field, managing the field, preventing and controlling late blight, harvesting the stock seeds and the like; the method combines the growth characteristics of the potato tissue culture seedlings, scientifically and reasonably prepares the seedling culture substrate, controls the growth conditions of the seedling culture, adopts the continuous substrate for transplantation and field planting, effectively improves the survival rate of the seedlings and the growth vigor by strictly controlling the technical conditions of the planting time, the seedling transplanting time, the planting mode and the like, overcomes the defects and problems of breeding the original seeds by the tissue culture seedlings and breeding the original seeds by the original seeds or directly setting the field to breed the potato seeds by the tissue culture seedlings, effectively improves the breeding efficiency of the potato seeds, simultaneously reduces the labor intensity, the facility construction investment and the production cost, is a practical potato seed breeding technology with simple operation procedure, labor saving and labor saving, and is suitable for popularization and application at high altitude in southwest mountainous areas.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of potato seed breeding, and particularly relates to a method for field transplanting and breeding stock seeds of low latitude plateau tissue culture seedlings of potatoes;
background
The potato industry becomes the post industry in the mountain planting industry in Yunnan province and is one of the main ways of increasing the income of farmers and improving the efficiency of agriculture in mountainous areas; due to drought and barren soil in mountainous areas, extensive cultivation management and single and laggard cultivation technology, potatoes are asexual propagation crops, the seed properties of the potatoes are degraded due to virus infection in the planting process, the improvement of the yield of the potatoes is seriously influenced, the contribution rate of the application of virus-free seed potatoes to the potato planting reaches 30-50%, the breeding of high-quality virus-free seed potatoes is an important link in the production of commercial potatoes; the method has the advantages that the links of high-quality virus-free potato seeds are multiple, the breeding period is long, how to improve the breeding efficiency of the virus-free potato seeds, reduce the cost and shorten the breeding period is one of the main work contents of potato technologists for many years; in China, a five-stage seed potato breeding system is generally adopted for potato virus-free seed potatoes, and in recent years, three-stage seed potato production is carried out for improving the quality of the virus-free seed potatoes and the popularization degree of the virus-free seed potatoes; the two breeding systems are produced by a production process of 'core virus-free seedlings-original seeds-first-grade seeds', and seed potatoes which are planted in large quantities in a field can be obtained in three years (or three production seasons); the original seed and the original seed production link are the links with the highest cost in the whole seed potato production; in order to accelerate the propagation speed of the seed potatoes and reduce the production cost of the seed potatoes, some production units adopt a method of directly planting detoxified seedlings in a field to produce the seed potatoes, but the method needs to invest in facilities for construction or has the problems of low survival rate, irregular growth vigor, more labor for management, inconvenient operation and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
To solve the above problems of the prior art, the present invention provides
The invention aims to overcome the defects of multiple breeding links, long period, high cost and the like of the existing virus-free potato seeds, and provides a method for breeding stock seeds in a field by directly planting tissue culture seedlings under the condition of low latitude plateaus.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for field transplanting and breeding stock seeds of potato low latitude plateau tissue culture seedlings comprises the following steps:
step (1), establishing a seedling raising pond: building a seedling raising pond nearby an original seed breeding place, and determining a building area according to the terrain and seedling raising requirements; before use, the seedling pool is disinfected by 1% formalin solution;
step (2), preparing a seedling substrate: mixing fine turf, coarse turf and perlite according to the proportion of 1: 1: 2, adding 1kg of compound fertilizer into each cubic meter of matrix, and fully and uniformly stirring; spraying moisture on the mixed matrix by using a sprayer, loading the matrix into a seedling raising tray, and slightly pressing holes of the hole tray to ensure that the matrix in all the holes is compact and uniform;
step (3), taking out the detoxified seedlings from bottles and hardening the seedlings: removing the tissue culture seedlings inoculated for 15 days with the bottles from the culture chamber, wherein the removing time is selected to be in the last ten days of 4 months; covering and hardening the seedlings for 5 days by using a 75% sunshade net in a greenhouse;
step (4), planting the tissue culture seedlings: taking the tissue culture seedling out of the bottle, cleaning the culture medium of the root, cutting the root to be 2cm long when the root is too long, and dipping the root by using 800 times of carbendazim liquid; inserting a hole in the plug hole substrate, using forceps to clamp the root of the seedling, directly planting the seedling in the hole to ensure that the root system is upright and has the depth of 2cm, lightly pressing the rhizosphere substrate, and gathering the substrate to compact the root; after a tray is fully planted, spraying wet hole tray matrix by using a sprayer, and putting the tray into a seedling raising pool; covering a 75% shading net on the seedling raising pond, gradually reducing the covering time after 3 days after planting, and completely removing the shading net after 7 days;
step (5), managing the seedling culture pesticide fertilizer of the tissue culture seedlings: spraying fertilizer once after 5 days of planting: adding 45% pentachloride, thiram 10 g and potassium dihydrogen phosphate 15 g into every 15Kg of water; fertilizing once in the pond 7 days after planting, wherein the fertilizer is a full-nutrient water-soluble fertilizer, and the using amount of the fertilizer is one thousandth of the water amount of the whole pond; spraying pesticide fertilizer three days before transplanting: 45% of pentachloride, thiram and a leaf fertilizer are used once, and the concentrations are respectively 0.1%;
step (6), transplanting the tissue culture seedlings into a field: transplanting the tissue culture seedlings 15-20 days after the tissue culture seedlings are planted in the seedling culture tray; the transplanting time is controlled in the last ten days of month 5; when transplanting, the root and the stem of the seedling are slightly pinched, taken out together with the matrix cluster and planted in the ditch of the planting ridge; furrowing is carried out on the planting ridges according to 1.0 meter, the width of the furrows is 50cm, and base fertilizer and farmyard manure are scattered at the centers of the furrows; two rows are planted in each ditch, seedlings are planted on two sides of the farmyard manure in the ditches, the distance between two rows is 0.2 m, and the distance is 30cm (the planting density per mu reaches 6600g to 6700 plants); after the seedlings are placed, soil on two sides is lightly gathered at the root parts of the seedlings, the root matrix groups of the seedlings and the fertilizer in the center are completely covered, and root fixing water is thoroughly poured;
step (7), field management: removing the weeds between seedlings within 15 days after 10 days after transplanting, and applying 15 kg/mu of urea; after 30 days of transplanting, when the new stem of the plant is upright, carrying out light hilling by combining weeding; spraying 800 times of solution of 75 percent mancozeb once after the culture; after transplanting for 45-60 days, dressing 20 kg/mu of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, and simultaneously hilling to form double-row large ridges with ridge height of 30 cm;
step (8), late blight prevention and control: spraying four late blight prevention medicines during the period from 7 to 8 ten days; adding potassium dihydrogen phosphate when spraying in late 7 months with the concentration of 1000 times;
step (9), harvesting stock seeds: and after 9 months, harvesting after 75% of stems and leaves of the plants are withered and yellow, and grading and bagging the potato blocks according to the sizes of the potato blocks and warehousing the potato blocks.
Further, the construction area of the nursery pond in the step (1) is constructed according to the proportion of 20 square meters of the original land per mu, and the width of the nursery pond is 1.5 meters and the depth of the nursery pond is 0.15 meter.
Further, the seedling raising substrate in the step 2 is a Pingshi seedling raising substrate, the pH value is 5.5, the EC value is 0.8, the specification of coarse turf is 0-20 mm, the specification of fine turf is 0-6 mm, and perlite is medium particles.
Further, the compound fertilizer in the step 2 is a potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer, and N: p: the K ratio is 15: 15: 15.
further, spraying 45% pentachloride with 0.1% concentration thiram for three days before transplanting in the step (5).
Further, spreading base fertilizer and farmyard manure in the planting furrows in the step 6; the base fertilizer is a potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer 50, N: p: the K ratio is 15: 15: 15, the using amount is 50 kg/mu, and the using amount of the farmyard manure is 2 cubic meters/mu.
Further, in the step 6, when the tissue culture seedlings are transplanted to a field, the seedlings are planted on two sides of farmyard manure in the ditch, and the distance between the two rows is 30-40 cm; after the seedlings are placed, soil on two sides is lightly gathered at the root parts of the seedlings, and the root matrix groups and the fertilizer in the center of the seedlings are completely covered.
Furthermore, in the step 7, the field management describes that the hilling is performed for 2 times, the fertilization is performed for 2 times, and the spraying is performed for 1 time; the first fertilization is carried out within 10 days and 15 days after the transplantation, and the fertilizer is urea; and (3) fertilizing 20 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer for the second time, wherein N: p: the K ratio is 15: 5: 20, controlling the fertilization time to be 45 days after transplanting of the early-maturing variety, and controlling the fertilization time to be 60 days after transplanting of the late-maturing variety; spraying for 1 time, wherein the time is controlled to be immediately after hilling, adding 25g of propineb into 16Kg of water, stirring uniformly, and spraying, wherein the dosage of each mu of field is 60Kg of liquid medicine;
further, the specific measures for preventing and controlling late blight in the step 8 are as follows:
adding 25g of 75% mancozeb into 16kg of water, stirring uniformly and spraying in last 7 months;
mixing 6 g of 80% dimethomorph and 20g of 75% mancozeb with 16L of water for uniform spraying in 7 middle-month ten days; if the central diseased plant is found to be sprayed once, mixing and spraying uniformly with 52.5 percent of fast-inhibiting water dispersible granule 15 and 16L of water;
mixing and spraying 52.5 percent of fast-acting clear water dispersing granule agent 15 with 16L of water in late 7 th month;
spraying with 687.5 g/L Yinfari 20ml water 16L in last 8 months.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the technical scheme, after the tissue culture seedlings are cultured for a short time, the tissue culture seedlings are directly transplanted to a high-altitude land suitable for breeding original seeds for seed reproduction, and the breeding process from the tissue culture seedlings to first-class seeds can be completed in two years; the original stock breeding is to be subjected to tissue culture seedling permanent planting in a greenhouse with good facility conditions, to be finely managed to become stock, and then to be sown in a field to breed the stock by using the stock, so that the breeding process from the tissue culture seedling to the first-class seed needs three years, and the breeding time can be shortened by the invention;
2. in the technical scheme of the invention, the time required for fine management of the early-stage tissue culture seedling culture is short, the management is relatively simple after the seedling is transplanted into a field, excessive investment and construction are not needed, and the technical requirements on practitioners are relatively low; the original breeding link of the original technology has high requirements on environmental conditions, the investment of required facilities is large, the production process needs to be carefully managed, the technical requirements on the working managers are also high, and the management links are careless, so that the planting failure can be caused;
3. compared with the prior art that the original seed is sowed and bred by the original seed, the method is not influenced by the dormancy period and the sizes of the seed potatoes are not consistent, and the seedlings grow neatly and are easy to manage;
4. in the technical scheme of the invention, the water retention property, the fertilizer retention property and the air permeability of the matrix can be ensured by adopting the matrix proportions with different thicknesses and adding the compound fertilizer; when the seedlings are transplanted and pulled out, the matrix can be pulled out completely and does not fall off, and the matrix is transplanted to a field together with the matrix, so that the survival of the transplanted matrix can be ensured even if the matrix is planted under the condition of no watering and rainfall within one week;
5. according to the technical scheme, the first fertilization is carried out within 10 days and 15 days after transplanting, and the fertilizer is urea; and (3) fertilizing 20 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer for the second time, wherein N: p: the K ratio is 15: 5: 20, controlling the fertilization time to be 45 days after transplanting of the early-maturing variety, and controlling the fertilization time to be 60 days after transplanting of the late-maturing variety; in the early stage, urea is applied immediately after the plants are transplanted to survive, so that the rapid seedling lifting of the plants is effectively guaranteed, and time is taken for the vegetative growth form establishment of the plants; the premature varieties have short growth period, the premature senility is more serious than the late-maturing varieties when the fertilizer is insufficient, and the compound fertilizer is applied at the later period, so that the premature senility can be effectively prevented, and sufficient potassium element is provided for the expansion demand of the potato blocks;
7. the method for cultivating the original seeds of the low-latitude plateau tissue culture seedlings by field transplanting combines the breeding and growth characteristics of potato seeds, scientifically and reasonably controls the planting conditions in the implementation process, has strict control requirements on the time of hardening off the tissue culture seedlings, cultivating seedlings, transplanting the seedlings in the field, applying pesticide and fertilizer and the like, is the generation characteristics of the early growth temperature, the rainwater in the fixed planting period and the late blight of the tissue culture seedlings, and combines the potato growth regulation to develop the operation of each management link; by adjusting the technical conditions of furrow width, plant row spacing and the like, additional fertilization, ridging, disease control and harvesting are adopted; the growth potential of the transplanted tissue culture seedling is improved, the defect of the original seed breeding mode by using the original seed is overcome, and the yield of the original seed is ensured; the test result shows that: the breeding method provided by the invention is adopted to carry out 3-year test in 2500-2700 m altitude areas in Heze county, the annual average yield of the harvested stock seeds is 1230 kg/mu, and the yield is equal to that of the conventional stock seed breeding mode;
because the seed potatoes are directly transplanted and bred by using the tissue culture seedlings, the breeding links are few, the time is short, the bred original seeds do not find the plant diseases and insect pests limited in the breeding standards of the seed potatoes through field investigation in each seedling stage, and the quality reaches the qualified to excellent quality; the method has the advantages of reducing investment and shortening breeding time, can save cost and improve efficiency, and is suitable for popularization and implementation in southwest mountainous areas.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further described in detail by combining the following specific embodiments:
a method for field transplanting and breeding stock seeds of potato low latitude plateau tissue culture seedlings comprises the following steps:
step (1), establishing a seedling raising pond: building a seedling raising pond nearby an original seed breeding place, and determining a building area according to the terrain and seedling raising requirements; before use, the seedling pool is disinfected by 1% formalin solution;
step (2), preparing a seedling substrate: mixing fine turf, coarse turf and perlite according to the proportion of 1: 1: 2, adding 1kg of compound fertilizer into each cubic meter of matrix, and fully and uniformly stirring; spraying moisture on the mixed matrix by using a sprayer, loading the matrix into a seedling raising tray, and slightly pressing holes of the hole tray to ensure that the matrix in all the holes is compact and uniform;
step (3), taking out the detoxified seedlings from bottles and hardening the seedlings: removing the tissue culture seedlings inoculated for 15 days with the bottles from the culture chamber, wherein the removing time is selected to be in the last ten days of 4 months; covering and hardening the seedlings for 5 days by using a 75% sunshade net in a greenhouse;
step (4), planting the tissue culture seedlings: taking the tissue culture seedling out of the bottle, cleaning the culture medium of the root, cutting the root to be 2cm long when the root is too long, and dipping the root by using 800 times of carbendazim liquid; inserting a hole in the plug hole substrate, using forceps to clamp the root of the seedling, directly planting the seedling in the hole to ensure that the root system is upright and has the depth of 2cm, lightly pressing the rhizosphere substrate, and gathering the substrate to compact the root; after a tray is fully planted, spraying wet hole tray matrix by using a sprayer, and putting the tray into a seedling raising pool; covering a 75% shading net on the seedling raising pond, gradually reducing the covering time after 3 days after planting, and completely removing the shading net after 7 days;
step (5), managing the seedling culture pesticide fertilizer of the tissue culture seedlings: spraying fertilizer once after 5 days of planting: adding 45% pentachloride, thiram 10 g and potassium dihydrogen phosphate 15 g into every 15Kg of water; fertilizing once in the pond 7 days after planting, wherein the fertilizer is a full-nutrient water-soluble fertilizer, and the using amount of the fertilizer is one thousandth of the water amount of the whole pond; spraying pesticide fertilizer three days before transplanting: 45% of pentachloride, thiram and a leaf fertilizer are used once, and the concentrations are respectively 0.1%;
step (6), transplanting the tissue culture seedlings into a field: transplanting the tissue culture seedlings 15-20 days after the tissue culture seedlings are planted in the seedling culture tray; the transplanting time is controlled in the last ten days of month 5; when transplanting, the root and the stem of the seedling are slightly pinched, taken out together with the matrix cluster and planted in the ditch of the planting ridge; furrowing the planting ridges according to the length of 1.0-1.2 meters, wherein the furrow width is 50cm, and base fertilizer and farmyard manure are scattered at the center of the furrow; two lines are planted in each ditch, seedlings are planted on two sides of farmyard manure in the ditches, and the distance between the two lines is 30-40 cm; after the seedlings are placed, soil on two sides is lightly gathered at the root parts of the seedlings, the root matrix groups of the seedlings and the fertilizer in the center are completely covered, and root fixing water is thoroughly poured;
step (7), field management: removing the weeds between seedlings within 15 days after 10 days after transplanting, and applying 15 kg/mu of urea; after 30 days of transplanting, when the new stem of the plant is upright, carrying out light hilling by combining weeding; after finishing the cultivation, adding 800 times of 75 percent mancozeb solution once; after transplanting for 45-60 days, dressing 20 kg/mu of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, and simultaneously hilling to form double-row large ridges with ridge height of 30 cm;
step (8), late blight prevention and control: spraying four late blight prevention medicines during the period from 7 to 8 ten days; when spraying in late 7 months, 0.1% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate is added.
Step (9), harvesting stock seeds: and after 9 months, harvesting after 75% of stems and leaves of the plants are withered and yellow, and grading and bagging the potato blocks according to the sizes of the potato blocks and warehousing the potato blocks.
Further, the construction area of the nursery pond in the step (1) is constructed according to the proportion of 20 square meters of the original land per mu, and the width of the nursery pond is 1.5 meters and the depth of the nursery pond is 0.15 meter.
Further, the seedling raising substrate in the step 2 is a Pingshi seedling raising substrate, the pH value is 5.5, the EC value is 0.8, the specification of coarse turf is 0-20 mm, the specification of fine turf is 0-6 mm, and perlite is medium particles.
Further, the compound fertilizer in the step 2 is a potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer, and N: p: the K ratio is 15: 15: 15.
further, spraying 45% pentachloride with 0.1% concentration thiram for three days before transplanting in the step (5).
Further, spreading base fertilizer and farmyard manure in the planting furrows in the step 6; the base fertilizer is a potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer 50, N: p: the K ratio is 15: 15: 15, the using amount is 50 kg/mu, and the using amount of the farmyard manure is 2 cubic meters/mu.
Further, in the step 6, when the tissue culture seedlings are transplanted to a field, the seedlings are planted on two sides of farmyard manure in the ditch, and the distance between the two rows is 30-40 cm; after the seedlings are placed, soil on two sides is lightly gathered at the root parts of the seedlings, and the root matrix groups and the fertilizer in the center of the seedlings are completely covered.
Furthermore, in the step 7, the field management describes that the hilling is performed for 2 times, the fertilization is performed for 2 times, and the spraying is performed for 1 time; the first fertilization is carried out within 10 days and 15 days after the transplantation, and the fertilizer is urea; and (3) fertilizing 20 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer for the second time, wherein N: p: the K ratio is 15: 5: 20, controlling the fertilization time to be 45 days after transplanting of the early-maturing variety, and controlling the fertilization time to be 60 days after transplanting of the late-maturing variety; spraying for 1 time, wherein the time is controlled to be immediately after hilling, adding 25g of propineb into 16Kg of water, stirring uniformly, and spraying, wherein the dosage of each mu of field is 60Kg of liquid medicine;
further, the specific measures for preventing and controlling late blight in the step 8 are as follows:
adding 25g of 75% mancozeb into 16kg of water, stirring uniformly and spraying in last 7 months;
mixing 6 g of 80% dimethomorph and 20g of 75% mancozeb with 16L of water for uniform spraying in 7 middle-month ten days; if the central diseased plant is found to be sprayed once, mixing and spraying uniformly with 52.5 percent of fast-inhibiting water dispersible granule 15 and 16L of water;
mixing and spraying 52.5 percent of fast-acting clear water dispersing granule agent 15 with 16L of water in late 7 th month;
spraying with 687.5 g/L Yinfari 20ml water 16L in last 8 months.
Experimental example:
the potassium sulfate compound fertilizer adopted by the invention is purchased from Arabia industries
52.5% of fast-acting water dispersible granules, which are purchased from DuPont (China) Co.Ltd;
75% mancozeb is produced by Monteson company and purchased from the big-green agricultural company;
the real-time data of the potato late blight monitoring and early warning system can be a Chinese potato late blight monitoring and early warning system; the embodiment adopts real-time data of a Yunnan potato late blight monitoring and early warning system (http://218.70.37.104:7000/yunnan /);
example 1
In 2015, a method for transplanting and breeding stock seeds of low latitude plateau tissue culture seedlings in a field is adopted, and the address of a test plot: the Heze county drives a car in the rural boar village with an altitude of 2700 m, and breeds 107 mu of Yunchao and 3.12 mu of area.
A method for transplanting and breeding stock seeds of low latitude plateau tissue culture seedlings in field comprises the following steps:
step (1), establishing a seedling raising pond: according to the original facilities of a unit, two seedling pools with the depth of 1.4 meters, the depth of 0.15 meter and the length of 28 meters are built in the greenhouse;
step (2), preparing a seedling substrate: mixing fine turf, coarse turf and perlite according to the proportion of 1: 1: 2, adding 1kg of compound fertilizer (N: P: K is 15: 15: 15) into each cubic meter of matrix, and fully and uniformly stirring; spraying moisture on the mixed substrate by using a sprayer, filling the substrate into 162 holes of plastic foam seedling-raising disks with the length of 0.7 m, the width of 0.4 m and the depth of 0.06 m, and slightly pressing the holes of the hole disks to ensure that the substrates in all the holes are compact and uniform;
step (3), taking out the detoxified seedlings from bottles and hardening the seedlings: removing the tissue culture seedlings with the bottles for about 18 days from the culture room, wherein the removing time is 4 months and 7 days, the number of the tissue culture seedlings is 1200 bottles, and pulling the tissue culture seedlings to the greenhouse for 7 days;
step (4), planting the tissue culture seedlings: taking out the tissue culture seedling from a bottle, cleaning the culture medium at the root, cutting the overlong root system to keep 2cm long, and dipping the root with 800 times of carbendazim liquid at a high speed for 4 months and 19 days; inserting a hole in the plug hole substrate, using forceps to clamp the root of the seedling, directly planting the seedling in the hole to ensure that the root system is upright and has the depth of 2cm, lightly pressing the rhizosphere substrate, and gathering the substrate to compact the root; after a tray is fully planted, spraying wet hole tray matrix by using a sprayer, and putting the tray into a seedling raising pool; covering a shading net with the concentration of 75% on the seedling raising pond, covering 3 days after planting from 11 pm to 4 pm every day, and completely removing 7 days later;
step (5), managing the pesticide fertilizer: spraying pesticide and fertilizer once in 24 days after planting for 5 days in 4 months: 45% pentachloride, thiram and potassium dihydrogen phosphate (10 g and 15 g for each 15Kg of water); fertilizing once in the pond after 8 days and 28 months after planting, wherein the fertilizer is a full-nutrient water-soluble fertilizer, and the using amount of the fertilizer is one thousandth of the water amount of the whole pond; spraying pesticide fertilizer (45% pentachloride, thiram and leaf fertilizer) once in three days before 5 months and 5 days before transplantation, wherein the concentrations are 0.1% respectively;
and (6) transplanting the field: transporting the tissue culture seedlings to a planting field 5 months and 8 days after the tissue culture seedlings are planted in the seedling culture tray, and transplanting the tissue culture seedlings 5 months and 9 days; when transplanting, the root and the stem of the seedling are slightly pinched, taken out together with the matrix cluster and planted in the ditch of the planting ridge; furrowing the planting ridges according to the length of 1.0-1.2 meters, wherein the furrow width is 50cm, and base fertilizer and farmyard manure are scattered at the centers of the furrows; two lines are planted in each ditch, seedlings are planted on two sides of farmyard manure in the ditches, and the distance between the two lines is 30-40 cm; after the seedlings are placed, soil on two sides is lightly gathered at the root parts of the seedlings, and the root matrix groups and the fertilizer in the center of the seedlings are completely covered; as weather forecast shows that no rain exists in the near term, water is introduced from the ditch beyond 300 meters to water for root fixing;
step (7), field management: removing the inter-seedling weeds in 5 months, 21 days and 22 days after 10 days of transplanting, and applying 40kg of urea; when the stem newly growing from the plant is upright in 10 days after 6 months, carrying out light hilling by combining weeding; after finishing the cultivation, adding 75% of mancozeb once; dressing 60 kilograms of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer in 30 days after 6 months, and meanwhile, ridging to form double-row large ridges with the ridge height of 30 cm;
step (8), well performing late blight prevention and control: spraying four late blight prevention medicines respectively during the period from 7 months to 8 months; adding potassium dihydrogen phosphate when spraying the pesticide in 25 days in 7 months, wherein the concentration is 1000 times;
step (9), harvesting stock seeds: and after 9 months, harvesting 75% of stems and leaves of the plants are withered and yellow, and grading, bagging and warehousing according to the sizes of the potato blocks.
The harvest quantity is calculated as: 17000 plant of tissue culture seedlings are planted in a fixed planting mode, the area is 3 mu, 3.19 tons of original seeds are harvested, the average yield per mu is 1.06 tons, and the average yield of the method for breeding the original seeds by using the original seeds in the local conventional technology in 2015 is 1.10 tons, and the difference is not obvious.
Example 2
In 2018, a method for transplanting and breeding stock seeds of low latitude plateau tissue culture seedlings in a field is adopted, and the test plot address is as follows: the Heze county drives a car in rural village with an altitude of 2640 m, breeds Yunchao 108 and has an area of 2.36 mu. The seedling raising time of the tissue culture room is 5 months 31 days to 6 months 2 days, the field transplanting time is 6 months 29 days, and the harvesting time is 11 months 2 days. The harvest results were: 2.64 tons of harvest is achieved, the yield per mu is reduced to 1.12 tons, and 0.93 ton of original seeds bred by local conventional technology is investigated in 2018 due to drought.
Comparison of two propagation modes
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that are not thought of through the inventive work should be included in the scope of the present invention; therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope defined by the claims.
Claims (9)
1. A method for field transplanting and breeding stock seeds of potato low latitude plateau tissue culture seedlings is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step (1), establishing a seedling raising pond: building a seedling raising pond nearby an original seed breeding place, and determining a building area according to the terrain and seedling raising requirements; before use, the seedling pool is disinfected by 1% formalin solution;
step (2), preparing a seedling substrate: mixing fine turf, coarse turf and perlite according to the proportion of 1: 1: 2, adding 1kg of compound fertilizer into each cubic meter of matrix, and fully and uniformly stirring; spraying moisture on the mixed matrix by using a sprayer, loading the matrix into a seedling raising tray, and slightly pressing holes of the hole tray to ensure that the matrix in all the holes is compact and uniform;
step (3), taking out the detoxified seedlings from bottles and hardening the seedlings: removing the tissue culture seedlings inoculated for 15 days with the bottles from the culture chamber, wherein the removing time is selected to be in the last ten days of 4 months; covering and hardening the seedlings for 5 days by using a 75% sunshade net in a greenhouse;
step (4), planting the tissue culture seedlings: taking the tissue culture seedling out of the bottle, cleaning the culture medium of the root, cutting the root to be 2cm long when the root is too long, and dipping the root by using 800 times of carbendazim liquid; inserting a hole in the plug hole substrate, using forceps to clamp the root of the seedling, directly planting the seedling in the hole to ensure that the root system is upright and has the depth of 2cm, lightly pressing the rhizosphere substrate, and gathering the substrate to compact the root; after a tray is fully planted, spraying wet hole tray matrix by using a sprayer, and putting the tray into a seedling raising pool; covering a 75% shading net on the seedling raising pond, gradually reducing the covering time after 3 days after planting, and completely removing the shading net after 7 days;
step (5), managing the seedling culture pesticide fertilizer of the tissue culture seedlings: spraying fertilizer once after 5 days of planting: adding 45% pentachloride, thiram 10 g and potassium dihydrogen phosphate 15 g into every 15Kg of water; fertilizing once in the pond 7 days after planting, wherein the fertilizer is a full-nutrient water-soluble fertilizer, and the using amount of the fertilizer is one thousandth of the water amount of the whole pond; spraying pesticide fertilizer three days before transplanting: 45% pentachloride thiram and foliage fertilizer
Once, the concentration is 0.1 percent respectively;
step (6), transplanting the tissue culture seedlings into a field: transplanting the tissue culture seedlings 15-20 days after the tissue culture seedlings are planted in the seedling culture tray; the transplanting time is controlled in the last ten days of month 5; when transplanting, the root and the stem of the seedling are slightly pinched, taken out together with the matrix cluster and planted in the ditch of the planting ridge; furrowing the planting ridges according to the length of 1.0-1.2 meters, wherein the furrow width is 50cm, and base fertilizer and farmyard manure are scattered at the center of the furrow; two lines are planted in each ditch, seedlings are planted on two sides of farmyard manure in the ditches, and the distance between the two lines is 30-40 cm; after the seedlings are placed, soil on two sides is lightly gathered at the root parts of the seedlings, the root matrix groups of the seedlings and the fertilizer in the center are completely covered, and root fixing water is thoroughly poured;
step (7), field management: removing the weeds between seedlings within 15 days after 10 days after transplanting, and applying 15 kg/mu of urea; after 30 days of transplanting, when the new stem of the plant is upright, carrying out light hilling by combining weeding; after finishing the cultivation, adding 75% of mancozeb once; after transplanting for 45-60 days, dressing 20 kg/mu of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, and simultaneously hilling to form double-row large ridges with ridge height of 30 cm;
step (8), late blight prevention and control: spraying four late blight prevention medicines during the period from 7 to 8 ten days; adding potassium dihydrogen phosphate when spraying in late 7 months with the concentration of 1000 times;
step (9), harvesting stock seeds: and after 9 months, harvesting after 75% of stems and leaves of the plants are withered and yellow, and grading and bagging the potato blocks according to the sizes of the potato blocks and warehousing the potato blocks.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the nursery pond building area in the step (1) is 20 square meters per mu of the original land area, and the width of the nursery pond is 1.5 meters and the depth of the nursery pond is 0.15 meter.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the seedling raising substrate in step 2 is a Pingshi seedling raising substrate, the pH value is 5.5, the EC value is 0.8, the size of coarse turf is 0-20 mm, the size of fine turf is 0-6 mm, and perlite is medium particles.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the compound fertilizer of step 2 is a potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer, N: p: the K ratio is 15: 15: 15.
5. the method of claim 1, wherein the three days before transplanting in step (5) are sprayed with 45% pentachloride thiram with a concentration of 0.1%.
6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that base fertilizer and farmyard manure are scattered in the planting furrows described in step 6; the base fertilizer is a potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer 50, N: p: the K ratio is 15: 15: 15, the using amount is 50 kg/mu, and the using amount of the farmyard manure is 2 cubic meters/mu.
7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 6, when the tissue culture seedlings are transplanted to the field, the seedlings are planted on two sides of farmyard manure in the ditch, and the distance between two rows is 30-40 cm; after the seedlings are placed, soil on two sides is lightly gathered at the root parts of the seedlings, and the root matrix groups and the fertilizer in the center of the seedlings are completely covered.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the field management description in step 7 is 2 hills, 2 fertilizations, 1 spray; the first fertilization is carried out within 10 days and 15 days after the transplantation, and the fertilizer is urea; and (3) fertilizing 20 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer for the second time, wherein N: p: the K ratio is 15: 5: 20, controlling the fertilization time to be 45 days after transplanting of the early-maturing variety, and controlling the fertilization time to be 60 days after transplanting of the late-maturing variety; spraying is carried out for 1 time, the time is controlled to be immediately after hilling, 25g of propineb is added with 16Kg of water, the mixture is stirred evenly and sprayed, and the dosage of the pesticide liquid is 60Kg per mu of field.
9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the specific measures for preventing and controlling the late blight in the step 8 are as follows:
adding 25g of 75% mancozeb into 16kg of water, stirring uniformly and spraying in last 7 months;
mixing 6 g of 80% dimethomorph and 20g of 75% mancozeb with 16L of water for uniform spraying in 7 middle-month ten days; if the central diseased plant is found to be sprayed once, mixing and spraying uniformly with 52.5 percent of fast-inhibiting water dispersible granule 15 and 16L of water;
mixing and spraying 52.5 percent of fast-acting clear water dispersing granule agent 15 with 16L of water in late 7 th month;
spraying with 687.5 g/L Yinfari 20ml water 16L in last 8 months.
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