CN109042198A - A kind of tissue culture seedlings of potatoes Field planting breeding method - Google Patents
A kind of tissue culture seedlings of potatoes Field planting breeding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109042198A CN109042198A CN201811204244.6A CN201811204244A CN109042198A CN 109042198 A CN109042198 A CN 109042198A CN 201811204244 A CN201811204244 A CN 201811204244A CN 109042198 A CN109042198 A CN 109042198A
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- 244000061456 Solanum tuberosum Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 235000002595 Solanum tuberosum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 235000012015 potatoes Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 30
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
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- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 14
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- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- -1 compound potassium sulfate Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009738 saturating Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000012452 mother liquor Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001784 detoxification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 4
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- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 238000012797 qualification Methods 0.000 description 3
- FAPWYRCQGJNNSJ-UBKPKTQASA-L calcium D-pantothenic acid Chemical compound [Ca+2].OCC(C)(C)[C@@H](O)C(=O)NCCC([O-])=O.OCC(C)(C)[C@@H](O)C(=O)NCCC([O-])=O FAPWYRCQGJNNSJ-UBKPKTQASA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229960002079 calcium pantothenate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229940088597 hormone Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000005556 hormone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001568 sexual effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003104 tissue culture media Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000218475 Agrotis segetum Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001600407 Aphis <genus> Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003621 irrigation water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
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- VIKNJXKGJWUCNN-XGXHKTLJSA-N norethisterone Chemical compound O=C1CC[C@@H]2[C@H]3CC[C@](C)([C@](CC4)(O)C#C)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1 VIKNJXKGJWUCNN-XGXHKTLJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATROHALUCMTWTB-OWBHPGMISA-N phoxim Chemical compound CCOP(=S)(OCC)O\N=C(\C#N)C1=CC=CC=C1 ATROHALUCMTWTB-OWBHPGMISA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002054 transplantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003612 virological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009333 weeding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
Abstract
This application involves a kind of tissue culture seedlings of potatoes Field planting breeding methods, belong to field of planting.This method comprises the following steps: the selection of step (1) crop field and preparation；Step (2) tissue-cultured seedling prepares and field planting；Step (3) tissue-cultured seedling is colonized field management；Step (4) harvests seed potato.The numerous original silkworm egg breeding coefficient of method expansion of the invention is higher, and potato seed quality meets original seed quality standard.With do not limited by ground block size, convenient for breeding field rotation system；Reduce the high energy consumptions investments such as Greenhouse is built, matrix is replaced；Production operation is easy, breeding cost input is low, can nearby for kind the features such as.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of potato breeding methods, are a kind of breeding methods of tissue culture seedlings of potatoes Field planting, belong to
In field of planting.
Technical background
Virus-free seed potato breeding technique can effectively solve kind of the sexual involution as caused by viral sexual involution, knot potato it is few, produce
The problems such as amount reduces, is the important technical of Potato Industry sustainable development.The toxicity-removing white potato that the country advocates at present is numerous
Kind process are as follows: Shoot-tip Culture detoxification, detoxic seedling quickly breed, the numerous original silkworm egg of Greenhouse expansion are isolated, isolation crop field environment expands numerous original
Kind, level-one kind.Domestic southwest potato one, two mixes up area, and the high level land in mountain is few, and topography and geomorphology is complicated.It is potato commodity potato, at different levels
Other potato seed more seasons make interaction production.The breeding mode original silkworm egg can only expand in Greenhouse it is numerous, but Greenhouse greenhouse build vulnerable to
Environmental condition restricts, and is the relatively low, surrounding enviroment convenient for management Greenhouse building site height above sea level because of city-building heavy contamination；
The high energy consumptions such as Greenhouse maintenance, matrix replacement；Greenhouse because high temperature, improper ventilation easily to potato seed caused by physiological stress and disease danger
Evil；There is problem above leads to potato primary stock potato low output, at high cost, and the duration for being unfavorable for virus-free seed potato is raw
Production and application.
Therefore, for Southwest Mountainous Areas stereo ecological feature, green is explored, the novel breeding technique mode of cost-saving synergistic is local area
Domain potato seed is bred where the trend of diversification.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the present invention proposes a kind of tissue culture seedlings of potatoes Field planting breeding method, operation
Simplicity can reduce production cost.Technical solution of the present invention is specific as follows:
A kind of tissue culture seedlings of potatoes Field planting breeding method, includes the following steps:
The selection of step (1) crop field and preparation
Plot selection: 2300 meters of height above sea level of selection or more has breeding isolation condition, loosing soil, ventilation, the convenient plot of irrigation and drainage
As field planting land used；
Plot prepares: 30 days or so before field planting tissue-cultured seedling, thin rake of deep ploughing, so that upturned soil surface layer no-sundries fine crushing；Before being harrowed after ploughing,
It ploughs the first furrow as a guideline before field planting；
Step (2) tissue-cultured seedling prepares and field planting
It selects and cultivates 25~30 days, plant height is the healthy and strong tissue-cultured seedling of 8~10cm；Plant root is cultivated with clear water before transplanting
Base is cleaned, and is placed on immersion root in antiseptic solution and is transplanted afterwards for a period of time to the ready big Tanaka of step (1)；Resident time with
Rainy season is synchronous, and when transplanting avoids the high temperature period, and when field planting keeps erect plants, 2~6cm of planting depth, and mu field planting 8000~
15000 plants, it is laid with spray irrigation band in field planting, builds simple Small plastic shed, covering sunshade net, the saturating root water of spray；
Step (3) tissue-cultured seedling field management
After field planting in 7 days, keep moisture surface soil moisture 85% or more, if spray in one day is thrown off for 1~2 time water 30 days or so without rainfall
Sunshade net removes Small plastic shed；
It 10 days or so after field planting, pours and applies 0.1%~0.3% Water soluble fertilizer 1 time, later, interval pours and applies 0.1%~0.3% Water soluble fertilizer 1 for 15 days
It is secondary, clear water is sprayed after fertilising every time and washes seedling, after buddingging, suitably control fertilizer depending on the growth of cereal crop seedlings；7 days prevention and control late blights after transplanting；
When height of seedling is up to 10cm or so, first time ridging is carried out, when height of seedling is up to 25 centimetres or so, carries out second and earth up, Feng Hangqian
Last time is completed to earth up；
Step (4) potato primary stock harvest
When potato plant stops growing, plant cauline leaf is gradually withered and yellow to be harvested.
Further, in step (1), mu applies 1800~2200 kilograms of decomposed thin farmyard manure and N:P:K is 15:15:15's
80~120 kilograms of compound potassium sulfate fertilizer.
Further, it in step (1), ploughs the first furrow as a guideline before field planting by 1.6~2.0m breadth, is colonized the wide 1.2~1.5m of moisture surface；
0.50~0.60 m of gutter, deep 80~120cm.
Further, in step (3), after field planting 7 days, water is suitably controlled depending on soil moisture content and plant growing way, sprays 25~30
Gram/acre Du Pont increases prestige and wins green prevention and control late blight.
Further, in step (4), the rainy day should be avoided as far as possible when receiving potato, fine day harvest with before 10 points of the morning on daytime and under
It is advisable after 4 points of noon.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:
The present invention is to expand traditional Greenhouse the supplement and innovation of numerous original silkworm egg monotechnics mode.It has the advantage that
1. easy to operate.Height above sea level 2300m area above, weather cools, wind speed is big, and potato biography virulent aphis worm is few, is not easy to pass malicious sense
Dye.Soil-borne disease is light or pathogeny bacterium is few, water source is pollution-free, potato disease is light.The original silkworm egg of production can reach related original silkworm egg
Quality standard.It does not need to build Wembledon tennis open competition greenhouse, not limited by ground block size, convenient for breeding field rotation system；Reduce Greenhouse build,
The high energy consumptions investment such as matrix replacement；Production management is easy, can be nearby for kind.
2. production cost is lower.Traditional breeding mode of manufacture potato primary stock cost is about 0.20 yuan/；And this hair
It is about 0.05 yuan/that open-birth, which produces potato primary stock cost,.Compared with traditional breeding mode, production cost has saved 0.15 yuan/.
3. breeding coefficient is higher.Net canopy produces original silkworm egg transplanting survival rate up to 90%, and potato seed qualification rate 95% averagely ties potato number
3.8 grain.Transplanting survival rate of the present invention is up to 95%, and potato seed qualification rate (original silkworm egg reaches 3g or more) reaches 99.3%.Average single plant knot
Potato number 5.6.Transplanting survival rate of the invention, potato seed qualification rate, single plant knot potato number are above net canopy production original silkworm egg technology mould
Formula.The yield and quality of unit area is improved, and improves virus-free seed potato coverage rate.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction in the embodiment of the present invention, the technical solution in the present embodiment is clearly and completely described, is shown
So, described embodiment is only rather than whole example to a part of example of the present invention.Based on the implementation in the present invention
Case, those of ordinary skill in the art's every other embodiment obtained under that premise of not paying creative labor, all belongs to
In the scope of protection of the invention.
Embodiment 1
The tissue culture seedlings of potatoes of the present embodiment directly plant crop field breeding method, include the following steps:
Step (1) crop field prepares；
Plot prepares: the present embodiment Huize County is driven shaven head village of township, height above sea level 2460m, and 10.40 DEG C of average temperature of the whole year, annual precipitation
1480mm, soil property are sandy loam, suitable planting potato.
Site preparation manages moisture in the soil: 30 days or so before field planting tissue-cultured seedling, thin rake (30 centimetres of tilth or so) of deep ploughing accomplishes that upturned soil is thin
Broken surface layer no-sundries.Plough after harrow before, mu apply 2000 kilograms of decomposed thin farmyard manure, compound potassium sulfate fertilizer double centner (N:P:K=15:
15:15), if there is the plot of the subterranean pest-insects such as black cutworm, pesticide-clay mixture spreads fertilizer over the fields the pesticide that phoxim etc. kills subterranean pest-insect, in conjunction with rake
Ground is evenly distributed on fertilizer, pesticide in plough horizon.It ploughs the first furrow as a guideline before field planting by 1.7~2.0 m moisture in the soils, between moisture in the soil and moisture in the soil
The gutter (working path, reserved ridging) for staying 0.50~0.60m wide, 0.1~0.2m depth, is colonized the wide 1.2~1.5m of moisture surface；With side
Just it plants and sunshade net breadth is cooperated to be advisable.
It holds the inside and outside ditch in field successfully simultaneously, and notices that ditch cleaning manages moisture in the soil, prevent field from seeping water.Planting depth 6cm, 2 plants/pool,
8000 plants/acre.
With the bamboo chip setting support arched shed of 200cm long, bracket is readily removable easily to be taken, reusable.Sunshade is covered on bracket arched shed
Net, bracket arched shed primarily serve the effect for increasing humidity, are used for sunshade after transplanting within 30 days, avoid strong illumination, reduce soil
Earth temperature, prevents burn seedlings.
Spray irrigation system can also be installed on bracket, according to weather condition, can be transplanted with side, spray irrigation system, bracket are installed in side,
Each arched shed 180cm trench digging covers 4 rows, and spray band is placed on centre, and each 2 row, length are determined according to plot on one side, surrounding soil
Compacting, sprays, and before 4 days once a day, later 2 days are primary, up to 15 days after can gradually decrease number, can also be according to soil dry
Wet degree determines sprinkling irrigation number, can remove net within 30 days and tear frame open.
Step (2) cultivates potato detoxicating tissue-cultured seedling
Tissue-cultured seedling for expanding numerous original silkworm egg should have this kind characteristic feature, the stem apex detoxification after tissue culture, and will be through detecting not
The tissue culture core seedling of the viruliferous health tissue-cultured seedling numerous as expansion.
In the present embodiment, stem apex detoxification tissue culture medium (TCM) is MS+0.25 mg/litre GA3+0.01 mg/litre NAA+0.5 milli
Grams per liter 6-BA+2.0 mg/litre calcium pantothenate or MS+0.25 mg/litre GA3+0.01 mg/litre NAA+0.1 mg/litre 6-
BA+0.2 mg/litre calcium pantothenate.The PH of MS culture medium is 5.8.
In order to reduce workload, various reagents are first made into high 10~1000 times of the mother liquor of required concentration, are stored at 4 DEG C
In refrigerator, the used time dilutes in proportion again, and the ingredient of MS culture medium mother liquor is as shown in table 1:
The ingredient of 1 MS culture medium mother liquor of table
Each hormone mother liquor method is as shown in table 2:
Each hormone mother liquor method of table 2
The tissue-cultured seedling that tissue-cultured seedling also can be selected existing tissue-cultured seedling or be obtained in a manner of other existing detoxifications.
Step (3) detoxication and tissue culture transplantation of seedlings
It selects and cultivates 28 days or so, plant height is the healthy and strong tissue-cultured seedling of 8~10cm.After tissue-cultured seedling bottle outlet using bubble chamber or its
He places container, and saves in the cool；It should disposably transplant and finish in 3 days after bottle outlet, to keep plant vigor.Before transplanting
Plant root culture medium is cleaned with clear water, immersion root in Bravo solution is placed on and is transplanted after 15 minutes to step (1) preparation
Good big Tanaka.Resident time is the first tenday period of a month in May to early June, accomplishes, reduction sprinkling irrigation water consumption synchronous with rainy season and artificial pipe
Reason；The high temperature period is avoided when transplanting.Erect plants, planting depth 5cm or so are kept when field planting, mu is colonized 12000 plants.Side field planting
Side is laid with spray irrigation band, builds simple Small plastic shed, 75% sunshade net of covering, the saturating root water of spray.
Field management after step (4) transplanting
First is that moisture surface ground moistening (soil moisture is controlled 85% or more) is kept after field planting in 7 days, if spraying within one day without rainfall
1~2 water, it is ensured that survival rate is up to 90% or more, later, suitably controls water depending on soil moisture content and plant growing way, excludes ditch inner product in time
Water.Sunshade net can be thrown off within 30 days or so and remove Small plastic shed.
Second is that pour 10 days or so after field planting and apply 0.1%~0.3% Water soluble fertilizer 1 time, later, interval pours and to apply 0.1% for 15 days~
0.3% Water soluble fertilizer 1 time will spray clear water after fertilising every time and wash seedling, after buddingging, suitably control fertilizer depending on the growth of cereal crop seedlings.
Green prevention and control late blight is won third is that spraying within 7 days 25~30 grams/acre of Du Ponts after transplanting and increasing prestige, 5~6 times effect is preferable,
Every the phase 7~10 days.
Fourth is that when height of seedling is up to 10cm or so, first time ridging is carried out, when height of seedling is up to 25 centimetres or so, carries out second and train
Soil, Feng Hangqian complete last time and earth up.Fifth is that timely weeding；
Step (5) seed potato harvest
When potato plant stops growing, plant cauline leaf is gradually withered and yellow to be harvested, and when harvest should avoid the rainy day as far as possible.Fine day is received
It obtains to be advisable before 10 points of the morning on daytime and after at 4 points in afternoon.Classification packaging is carried out after harvest in time, to be carried additionally in each packaging bag interior
Outer label will indicate the contents such as variety name, quantity, specification, potato seed rank, harvest date on label.According to original silkworm egg quality
Inspection is sampled before standard storage.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all in essence of the invention
Within mind and principle, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on be should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of tissue culture seedlings of potatoes Field planting breeding method, characterized by the following steps:
The selection of step (1) crop field and preparation
Plot selection: 2300 meters of height above sea level of selection or more has breeding isolation condition, loosing soil, ventilation, the convenient plot of irrigation and drainage
As field planting land used；
Plot prepares: 30 days or so before field planting tissue-cultured seedling, thin rake of deep ploughing, so that upturned soil surface layer no-sundries fine crushing；It is fixed before being harrowed after ploughing
It ploughs the first furrow as a guideline before plant；
Step (2) tissue-cultured seedling prepares and field planting
It selects and cultivates 25~30 days, plant height is the healthy and strong tissue-cultured seedling of 8-10cm；Plant root is cultivated with clear water before transplanting
Base is cleaned, and is placed on immersion root in antiseptic solution and is transplanted afterwards for a period of time to the ready big Tanaka of step (1)；Resident time with
Rainy season is synchronous, and when transplanting avoids the high temperature period, and when field planting keeps erect plants, 3~7cm of planting depth, and mu field planting 8000~
15000 plants, it is laid with spray irrigation band in field planting, builds simple Small plastic shed, covering sunshade net, the saturating root water of spray；
Step (3) tissue-cultured seedling field management
After field planting in 7 days, keep moisture surface soil moisture 85% or more, if spray in one day is thrown off for 1~2 time water 30 days or so without rainfall
Sunshade net removes Small plastic shed；
It 10 days or so after field planting, pours and applies 0.1%~0.3% Water soluble fertilizer 1 time, later, interval pours and applies 0.1%~0.3% Water soluble fertilizer 1 for 15 days
It is secondary, clear water is sprayed after fertilising every time and washes seedling, after buddingging, suitably control fertilizer depending on the growth of cereal crop seedlings；7 days prevention and control late blights after transplanting；
When height of seedling is up to 10cm or so, first time ridging is carried out, when height of seedling is up to 25 centimetres or so, carries out second and earth up, Feng Hangqian
Last time is completed to earth up；
Step (4) potato primary stock harvest
When potato plant stops growing, plant cauline leaf is gradually withered and yellow to be harvested.
2. tissue culture seedlings of potatoes according to claim 1 directly plant crop field breeding method, it is characterised in that: in step (1), mu
Apply 1800~2200 kilograms of decomposed thin farmyard manure 80~120 kilograms of compound potassium sulfate fertilizer with N:P:K for 15:15:15.
3. tissue culture seedlings of potatoes according to claim 1 directly plant crop field breeding method, it is characterised in that: fixed in step (1)
It ploughs the first furrow as a guideline before planting by 1.6~2.0m breadth, is colonized the wide 1.2~1.5m of moisture surface；Draining 0.40~0.60 m of furrow width, deeply 0.10~
0.20 m 。
4. tissue culture seedlings of potatoes according to claim 1 directly plant crop field breeding method, it is characterised in that: fixed in step (3)
After planting 7 days, water is suitably controlled depending on soil moisture content and plant growing way, 25~30 grams/acre of Du Ponts is sprayed and increases the green prevention and control late blight of prestige win.
5. tissue culture seedlings of potatoes according to claim 1 directly plant crop field breeding method, it is characterised in that: in step (4), receive
It should avoid the rainy day when potato as far as possible, fine day harvest before 10 points of the morning on daytime and after at 4 points in afternoon to be advisable.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110692472A (en) * | 2019-11-07 | 2020-01-17 | 云南省农业科学院经济作物研究所 | Method for field transplanting and breeding stock seeds of potato low latitude plateau tissue culture seedlings |
| CN111374051A (en) * | 2018-12-31 | 2020-07-07 | 甘肃康勤薯业有限公司 | Cultivation method of potatoes in net shed |
| CN111771645A (en) * | 2020-06-22 | 2020-10-16 | 红河哈尼族彝族自治州农业科学院 | Rotary micro-sprinkling irrigation method for drought-resistant cultivation of winter potatoes |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111374051A (en) * | 2018-12-31 | 2020-07-07 | 甘肃康勤薯业有限公司 | Cultivation method of potatoes in net shed |
| CN110692472A (en) * | 2019-11-07 | 2020-01-17 | 云南省农业科学院经济作物研究所 | Method for field transplanting and breeding stock seeds of potato low latitude plateau tissue culture seedlings |
| CN111771645A (en) * | 2020-06-22 | 2020-10-16 | 红河哈尼族彝族自治州农业科学院 | Rotary micro-sprinkling irrigation method for drought-resistant cultivation of winter potatoes |
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