CN110140610A - A kind of anti-continuous cropping implantation methods of Small plastic shed watermelon - Google Patents
A kind of anti-continuous cropping implantation methods of Small plastic shed watermelon Download PDFInfo
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- CN110140610A CN110140610A CN201910543378.9A CN201910543378A CN110140610A CN 110140610 A CN110140610 A CN 110140610A CN 201910543378 A CN201910543378 A CN 201910543378A CN 110140610 A CN110140610 A CN 110140610A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/14—Greenhouses
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of anti-continuous cropping implantation methods of Small plastic shed watermelon, a kind of anti-continuous cropping implantation methods of Small plastic shed watermelon are the following steps are included: management, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, in due course harvest after initial point selection, nursery, field planting, field planting.The present invention can prevent the appearance of the continuous cropping situation after growth of watermelon using completely new implantation methods, greatly reduce the appearance of soil-borne disease, watermelon field can be carried out to plant utilization repeatedly, the yield of watermelon is improved to a certain extent, protect the basic interests of orchard worker, the appearance of pest and disease damage is decreased during plantation, it prevents from various pest and disease damages from polluting soil reclamation to remain, and this implantation methods control one month earlier compared to more traditional implantation methods watermelon maturity period, and the implantation methods in the present invention are using simple and convenient, it can be promoted on a large scale.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural technology field, specially a kind of anti-continuous cropping implantation methods of Small plastic shed watermelon.
Background technique
It is a kind of emerging planting patterns using Small plastic shed plantation watermelon now, has small investment, planting technology simple
A little, it and can do sth. in advance to list for nearly one month with the watermelon that routine techniques plants out with Billy, make the economic benefit of watermelon
It is significantly improved, but growth of watermelon, intolerant to continuous cropping, the generation of the soil-borne diseases such as continuous cropping watermelon blight is more serious, makes to production
At great loss, for this purpose, it is proposed that a kind of anti-continuous cropping implantation methods of Small plastic shed watermelon.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of anti-continuous cropping implantation methods of Small plastic shed watermelon, to solve to propose in background technique
The problem of.
To achieve the above object, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a kind of anti-continuous cropping implantation methods of Small plastic shed watermelon, institute
State a kind of anti-continuous cropping implantation methods of Small plastic shed watermelon the following steps are included:
Step 1: initial point selection:
(1) selection is cold-resistant, disease-resistant, sugar content is high, the early mature watermelon kind of good, the resistance to transport of commodity, the purity of watermelon seed
Should be 98% or more, germination percentage should be 90% or so, and cleanliness is 90% or more；
Step 2: nursery:
(1) production of pot for growing seedlings: being made bottomless drum using materials such as old newspaper, waste mulching film, canopy films, the bottomless drum
Specification is 8-10cm*8-10cm；
(2) 4 parts of garden loams for not sowing melon dish, 4 parts of sufficiently decomposed high-quality farmyard manures, 1 part of corruption the preparation of Nutrition Soil: are chosen
Ripe horsehit, 1 part of plant ash, above-mentioned manufacture material is mixed, and mixing puts it into nutritive cube after completing, the nutritive cube
Inside reserves the distance of 3-5cm, in order to earthing after planting；
(3) seed treatment: a kind of seed of selection of step is basked seeds under the sun, bask seeds the time be 48-72h, described kind
Sub- sowing quantity is that 667m2 uniformly sows 50-100g seed, the seed need before the use using 55-60 DEG C warm water into
Row seed soaking, needs constantly to be stirred seed during warm water pours into, after water temperature is down to 30 DEG C, then the 1- that soaks seed
1.2h is diluted with water 200 times followed by 40% formalin benefit, and then the formalin after dilution is soaked seed 30- again
35min, is soaked seed 8-10h after then cleaning seed using 30 DEG C of warm water again, and seed utilization is pulled in seed soaking out after completing
Wet towel is wrapped, and progress vernalization 18-24h in 30 DEG C of environment is placed on, and needs to clean using warm water daily during vernalization
Once, the seed to 80%, which shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, to sow；
(4) selection in nursery field: Cold frame is used, nursery field needs to select East and West direction leeward on the sunny side, convenient for transplanting transport
Field builds the cob wall that one piece of height is 60-80cm on the north of furrow, and east and west sides build gable, and the gable is arc-shaped, is allowed into
For a small-sized heliogreenhouse, the cob wall and mountain coping cover layer of plastic film, and night covers straw mat, described to educate
How much Miao Chi wide 1.5-2m, deep 25-30cm, length are voluntarily adjusted according to seedling；
(5) it sows: selecting fair weather before and after March 15 and sowed, by the neat stacking of nutritive cube in the inside of nursery furrow,
It then waters to the inside of nutritive cube, transplants spirit when the inner utilization of the complete osmotrophy alms bowl of water and sprayed, every square
The mixed solution of the transplanting spirit and 3kg water of rice sprinkling 2ml, is sowed after liquid medicine penetrates into soil, every the inside of nutritive cube
It is put into the seed of 1 vernalization completion, the surface of the seed covers the thin moisture soil of 1cm thickness, entire seedbed is then covered plastic film, night
Between cover straw mat；
(6) seedbed management: daytime, which takes off, before emerging covers with mat, and lid is covered with mat at night, does not need to open canopy film, the temperature in greenhouse controlled on daytime
30-35 DEG C, night controls at 19-21 DEG C, and seedling applies 1cm again Nutrition Soil after all sprouting is put a lodged plant upright, before rough leaf expansion, slightly
Temperature is reduced, temperature control is controlled in 25-28 DEG C of daytime, nocturnal temperature at 15-18 DEG C, then spills within every 2-3 days a water, definite value
First 7 days amplification wind carries out practicing seedling, to improve its survival rate；
Step 3: field planting:
(1) site preparation and fertilization: watermelon field must turn over deep ploughing the autumn, plough 1-2 times again after next year defrosting, in autumn ploughing, every 667m2 is applied high-quality
Farmyard manure 4800-5200kg, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 14-16kg, calcium superphosphate 23-27kg, potassium sulfate 10kg, when site preparation, disposably apply
Enter, then watermelon field ploughed deeply, next year by the end of March front and back, plowed to watermelon field, harrow a kind of farm tools, then apply Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 28-
32kg, potassium sulfate 10kg, decomposed soya-bean cake 48-52kg, efficient compound fertilizer 28-32kg；
(2) bedding, epiphragma: preceding the bedding in 10 days of transplanting, according to 2.1m trench digging scribing line, furrow face wide 1.7m, furrow width 0.4m, among furrow face
It is slightly higher, it is in steamed bun shape, then covers the mocromembrane of breadth 2m, the direction of the furrow is preferably east-west direction；
(3) Small plastic shed is built: the warm ground of the preceding 5 days button canopies of field planting, each using the bamboo chip both ends sharpening of 2.3m when arched shed installation
The 20cm that buries is installed, and assigns a bamboo chip every 1m, makes a call to a timber, and canopy film is fixed using cotton rope；
(4) it is colonized: selection fair weather field planting before and after April 15,2 rows of every furrow field planting, line-spacing 80cm, spacing in the rows 50-60cm, often
667m2 is colonized 1058-1270 plant, and when field planting opens Small plastic shed canopy film, and using seed transplanting apparatus punching, notices that 2 row acupuncture points interlock
Field planting is mixed with 1% Metalaxyl-M 100g and 2.5% fludioxonil 100g, then carries out adding water to 1200kg to mixed liquor, is formed mixed
Liquid is closed, then to mixed liquor about 1kg is added in each hole, mixed liquors is waited to carry out cultivation seedling after fully penetrating into, uses soil after planting seedling
Hole is obturaged, canopy film is then compressed, the thickening mulch that the canopy film is selected with a thickness of 0.02mm is planted after seedling is completed along ditch to it
It pours water；
Step 4: it is managed after field planting:
(1) temperature management: closing canopy at any time, leak informaton after transplanting, adjusts temperature of shed, day temperature is maintained at 30 before slow seedling
DEG C, night is maintained at 15 DEG C or more, and 25-28 DEG C of daytime after slow seedling, night is maintained at 12 DEG C or more；
(2) water and fertilizer management: 1, apply and urge water: after slow seedling, watermelon growing is rapid, into group's phase, in order to promote plant strain growth,
Stretch it rapidly climing, pour water top dressing early, and every 667m2 applies urea 10kg, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 10kg, then fill in furrow ditch
Water incorporates 1% Metalaxyl-M 50g in the water per acre used of pouring water and 2.5% fludioxonil 50g is mixed, waits the water of fillings dry
After intertillage soil moisture conservation, to promote root system development；2, apply swollen melon water: after fruit is occupied stably, young melon it is long to egg size when filling
Primary swollen melon water, and every 667m2 additional potassium sulfate 15kg, efficient compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 20kg, until watermelon expanding stage according to
It needs once to be watered again, watering is generally advisable with the one third of ditch, flood pouring can not be carried out to it, in the knot melon later period
Foliar spray is carried out using the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 0.3% concentration or the urea liquid of 0.2%-0.3% concentration, carries out foliage top dressing,
Some watermelon elements, great Feng element, amino acid, ecological organic fertilizer etc. can be sprayed, were sprayed every 10 days primary；
(3) prune: the method that Small plastic shed watermelon mostly uses double climing trainings or three climing trainings, double climing trainings in addition to retaining main stem,
A lateral bine is selected and remain on base portion 1-4 section, the lateral bine should choose a wherein most sturdy reservation, remaining lateral bine and secondary side
Climing timely excision is generally selected and remain 2,3 female flowers and is sat based on melon, and every melon is climing to stay 25-30 piece leaf, in addition to protecting when three climing trainings
It stays outside main stem, selects and remain 2 lateral bines on the 3-5 section of main stem, remaining lateral bine is all extractd；
(4) artificial pollination: an artificial supplementary pollination is carried out in duration of flowering, every morning 8-10, method is to open the same day
The male flower put is taken, and petal is removed, and gently smears on the column cap of female flower, until melon is sat；
(5) it removes film: after late frost, removing film in time and withdraw bamboo chip, into normal management mid-May；
Step 5: the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control:
(1) disease control: the principle that disease control to master is puted prevention first should remove weeds in field, deadwood and rotten leaf before cultivation, kind
Son carries out disinfection prior to seeding, applying organic manure, supplement phosphorus potash fertilizer, not inclined nitrogen fertilizer application, pays attention to ventilation dewetting, guarantees sufficient light
According to；
(2) pest control: insect pest is mainly aphid, tap water can be used to dilute neutral detergent during anti-eliminate aphis
500 times, foliar spray carried out to melon seedling, continuous sprinkling 2-3 time, or using tobacco leaf 0.5kg add after water 30kg filtering to its into
Row sprinkling, sprinkling in every 7-10 days is primary, or is diluted with water 4000 times of progress blade face sprays using 10% imidacloprid wettable powder
It spills；
Step 6: it harvests in due course:
(1) watermelon children melon hangs label after occupying stably, and early-maturing variety 26-28 days maturations generally after fallen flowers will receive in time on ahead of time
City.
Further, can be chosen during the initial point selection early good 8424, Jingxin No.1, black beauty, Xin Jinlan,
The kinds such as orchid.
Further, it will appear powdery mildew and anthracnose, the white powder mostly during the step 5 disease control
500-800 times is diluted with water using 5% sulphur powder wettable powder benefit or is diluted with water using pesticide corrosion 120 benefit when disease morbidity
1500 times of progress foliar sprays, sprinkling in every 6-8 days are primary；The anthracnose can be dilute using water using the rich beauty of 50% anthrax when falling ill
300-400 times is released perhaps 50% to be diluted with water 500 times using carbendazim benefit or be diluted with water 800 using 50% thiophanate methyl
800 times of mixed atomizings are diluted with water plus 75% Bravo again, are used continuously 2-3 times during spraying, sprinkling later can also
It is simultaneous to control other diseases.
Further, it needs to examine melon silk in the step 6, after melon silk is dry, shows that watermelon is mature.
Further, it plants in the step 3 after seedling is completed and pours water along ditch it, hydromining used in the pouring
The fludioxonil 100g and water 1000kg that the Metalaxyl-M 100g and mass concentration that are 1% with mass concentration are 2.5% are fabricated
Mixed solution.
Further, it needs once to be watered again in watermelon expanding stage in the step 4, water used in the pouring
It is interior to incorporate the Metalaxyl-M 50g that mass concentration the is 1% and fludioxonil 100g that mass concentration is 2.5%.
The present invention can prevent the appearance of the continuous cropping situation after growth of watermelon using completely new implantation methods, greatly reduce
Watermelon field can be carried out plant utilization repeatedly, improve the yield of watermelon to a certain extent, protect by the appearance of soil-borne disease
The basic interests of orchard worker decrease the appearance of pest and disease damage during plantation, prevent various pest and disease damages to soil reclamation dirt
Dye residual, and this implantation methods control one month earlier compared to more traditional implantation methods watermelon maturity period, and this hair
Implantation methods in bright can be promoted on a large scale using simple and convenient.
Specific embodiment
Technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is clearly and completely described, it is clear that described embodiment is only
It is a part of the embodiment of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, ordinary skill people
Member's every other embodiment obtained without making creative work, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment one:
A kind of anti-continuous cropping implantation methods of Small plastic shed watermelon, a kind of anti-continuous cropping implantation methods of Small plastic shed watermelon include following step
It is rapid:
Step 1: initial point selection:
(1) selection is cold-resistant, disease-resistant, sugar content is high, the early mature watermelon kind of good, the resistance to transport of commodity, the purity of watermelon seed
Should be 98% or more, germination percentage should be 90% or so, and cleanliness is 90% or more；
Step 2: nursery:
(1) production of pot for growing seedlings: being made bottomless drum using materials such as old newspaper, waste mulching film, canopy films, the bottomless drum
Specification is 8cm*8cm；
(2) 4 parts of garden loams for not sowing melon dish, 4 parts of sufficiently decomposed high-quality farmyard manures, 1 part of corruption the preparation of Nutrition Soil: are chosen
Ripe horsehit, 1 part of plant ash, above-mentioned manufacture material is mixed, and mixing puts it into nutritive cube after completing, the nutritive cube
Inside reserves the distance of 3cm, in order to earthing after planting；
(3) seed treatment: a kind of seed of selection of step is basked seeds under the sun, bask seeds the time be 48-72h, described kind
Sub- sowing quantity is that 667m2 uniformly sows 50g seed, and the seed needs to soak seed using 55 DEG C of warm water before the use,
It needs constantly to be stirred seed during warm water pours into, after water temperature is down to 30 DEG C, then the 1h that soaks seed, followed by
40% formalin benefit is diluted with water 200 times, and the formalin after dilution is soaked seed 30min again then, then washes seed
Warm water after net using 30 DEG C is soaked seed 8h again, and seed soaking is pulled out seed after completing and wrapped using wet towel, is placed on 30 DEG C
Vernalization 18h is carried out in environment, needs to clean once using warm water daily during vernalization, the seed to 80% shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally
Sowing；
(4) selection in nursery field: Cold frame is used, nursery field needs to select East and West direction leeward on the sunny side, convenient for transplanting transport
Field builds the cob wall that one piece of height is 60cm on the north of furrow, and east and west sides build gable, and the gable is arc-shaped, makes
One small-sized heliogreenhouse, the cob wall and mountain coping cover layer of plastic film, and night covers straw mat, the nursery
How much the wide 1.5m in pond, deep 25cm, length are voluntarily adjusted according to seedling；
(5) it sows: selecting fair weather before and after March 15 and sowed, by the neat stacking of nutritive cube in the inside of nursery furrow,
It then waters to the inside of nutritive cube, transplants spirit when the inner utilization of the complete osmotrophy alms bowl of water and sprayed, every square
The mixed solution of the transplanting spirit and 3kg water of rice sprinkling 2ml, is sowed after liquid medicine penetrates into soil, every the inside of nutritive cube
It is put into the seed of 1 vernalization completion, the surface of the seed covers the thin moisture soil of 1cm thickness, entire seedbed is then covered plastic film, night
Between cover straw mat；
(6) seedbed management: daytime, which takes off, before emerging covers with mat, and lid is covered with mat at night, does not need to open canopy film, the temperature in greenhouse controlled on daytime 30
DEG C, night controls at 19 DEG C, and seedling applies 1cm again Nutrition Soil after all sprouting is put a lodged plant upright, and before rough leaf expansion, is decreased slightly as low temperature
Degree, 25 DEG C of daytime, nocturnal temperature is controlled at 15 DEG C for temperature control, then spills within every 2 days a water, before definite value 7 days amplification wind into
Row practices seedling, to improve its survival rate；
Step 3: field planting:
(1) site preparation and fertilization: watermelon field must turn over deep ploughing the autumn, plough again 1 time after next year defrosting, in autumn ploughing, every 667m2 applies high-quality agriculture
Family fertilizer 4800kg, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 14kg, calcium superphosphate 23kg, potassium sulfate 10kg, when site preparation, disposably apply, then to watermelon field
It is ploughed deeply, next year front and back by the end of March plows to watermelon field, harrows a kind of farm tools, then apply Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 28kg, potassium sulfate 10kg is rotten
Ripe soya-bean cake 48kg, efficient compound fertilizer 28kg；
(2) bedding, epiphragma: preceding the bedding in 10 days of transplanting, according to 2.1m trench digging scribing line, furrow face wide 1.7m, furrow width 0.4m, among furrow face
It is slightly higher, it is in steamed bun shape, then covers the mocromembrane of breadth 2m, the direction of the furrow is preferably east-west direction；
(3) Small plastic shed is built: the warm ground of the preceding 5 days button canopies of field planting, each using the bamboo chip both ends sharpening of 2.3m when arched shed installation
The 20cm that buries is installed, and assigns a bamboo chip every 1m, makes a call to a timber, and canopy film is fixed using cotton rope；
(4) be colonized: the field planting of selection fair weather, every furrow are colonized 2 rows, line-spacing 80cm, spacing in the rows 50cm, every 667m2 before and after April 15
1058 plants of field planting, when field planting, open Small plastic shed canopy film, and are punched using seed transplanting apparatus, pay attention to that 2 row acupuncture points are staggeredly colonized, smart with 1%
Then metalaxyl 100g and 2.5% fludioxonil 100g mixing carries out mixed liquor adding water to 1200kg, form mixed liquor, then right
Mixed liquor about 1kg is added in each hole, mixed liquors is waited to carry out cultivation seedling after fully penetrating into, is obturaged hole with soil after planting seedling, with
After compress canopy film, the thickening mulch that the canopy film is selected with a thickness of 0.02mm is planted after seedling is completed and is poured water along ditch it；
Step 4: it is managed after field planting:
(1) temperature management: closing canopy at any time, leak informaton after transplanting, adjusts temperature of shed, day temperature is maintained at 30 before slow seedling
DEG C, night is maintained at 15 DEG C or more, and 25 DEG C of daytime after slow seedling, night is maintained at 12 DEG C or more；
(2) water and fertilizer management: 1, apply and urge water: after slow seedling, watermelon growing is rapid, into group's phase, in order to promote plant strain growth,
Stretch it rapidly climing, pour water top dressing early, and every 667m2 applies urea 10kg, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 10kg, then fill in furrow ditch
Water incorporates 1% Metalaxyl-M 50g in the water per acre used of pouring water and 2.5% fludioxonil 50g is mixed, waits the water of fillings dry
After intertillage soil moisture conservation, to promote root system development；2, apply swollen melon water: after fruit is occupied stably, young melon it is long to egg size when filling
Primary swollen melon water, and every 667m2 additional potassium sulfate 15kg, efficient compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 20kg, until watermelon expanding stage according to
It needs once to be watered again, watering is generally advisable with the one third of ditch, flood pouring can not be carried out to it, in the knot melon later period
Foliar spray is carried out using the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 0.3% concentration or the urea liquid of 0.2% concentration, foliage top dressing is carried out, can also spray
Some watermelon elements, great Feng element, amino acid, ecological organic fertilizer etc. are applied, were sprayed every 10 days primary；
(3) prune: the method that Small plastic shed watermelon mostly uses double climing trainings or three climing trainings, double climing trainings in addition to retaining main stem,
A lateral bine is selected and remain on base portion 1-4 section, the lateral bine should choose a wherein most sturdy reservation, remaining lateral bine and secondary side
Climing timely excision is generally selected and remain 2,3 female flowers and is sat based on melon, and every melon is climing to stay 25 leaves, in addition to retaining when three climing trainings
Outside main stem, 2 lateral bines are selected and remain on the 3-5 section of main stem, remaining lateral bine is all extractd；
(4) artificial pollination: an artificial supplementary pollination is carried out in duration of flowering, every morning 8, method is to open the same day
Male flower is taken, and petal is removed, and gently smears on the column cap of female flower, until melon is sat；
(5) it removes film: after late frost, removing film in time and withdraw bamboo chip, into normal management mid-May；
Step 5: the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control:
(1) disease control: the principle that disease control to master is puted prevention first should remove weeds in field, deadwood and rotten leaf before cultivation, kind
Son carries out disinfection prior to seeding, applying organic manure, supplement phosphorus potash fertilizer, not inclined nitrogen fertilizer application, pays attention to ventilation dewetting, guarantees sufficient light
According to；
(2) pest control: insect pest is mainly aphid, tap water can be used to dilute neutral detergent during anti-eliminate aphis
500 times, foliar spray, continuous sprinkling 2 times are carried out to melon seedling, or carry out after adding water 30kg to filter using tobacco leaf 0.5kg to it
Sprinkling, sprinkling in every 7 days is primary, or is diluted with water 4000 times of progress foliage spray using 10% imidacloprid wettable powder；
Step 6: it harvests in due course:
(1) watermelon children melon hangs label after occupying stably, and early-maturing variety 26-28 days maturations generally after fallen flowers will receive in time on ahead of time
City.
Early good 8424, Jingxin No.1, black beauty, the product such as Xin Jinlan, orchid can be chosen during the initial point selection
Kind.
It will appear powdery mildew and anthracnose during the step 5 disease control mostly, the benefit when powdery mildew is fallen ill
It is diluted with water 500 times with 5% sulphur powder wettable powder benefit or is diluted with water 1500 times using pesticide corrosion 120 benefit and carry out blade face spray
Mist, sprinkling in every 6 days are primary；300 times or 50% utilization can be diluted with water in the anthracnose using 50% anthrax Fu Meili when falling ill
Carbendazim benefit is diluted with water 500 times, or is diluted with water 800 times using 50% thiophanate methyl and is diluted with water plus 75% Bravo
800 times of mixed atomizings are used continuously 2 times during spraying, other diseases simultaneous can also be controlled after sprinkling.
It needs to examine melon silk in the step 6, after melon silk is dry, shows that watermelon is mature.
It plants in the step 3 after seedling is completed and pours water along ditch it, water used in the pouring uses mass concentration
The mixed solution that the fludioxonil 100g and water 1000kg that Metalaxyl-M 100g and mass concentration for 1% are 2.5% are fabricated.
It needs once to be watered again in watermelon expanding stage in the step 4, quality is incorporated in water used in the pouring
The fludioxonil 100g that the Metalaxyl-M 50g and mass concentration that concentration is 1% are 2.5%.
Embodiment two:
A kind of anti-continuous cropping implantation methods of Small plastic shed watermelon, a kind of anti-continuous cropping implantation methods of Small plastic shed watermelon include following step
It is rapid:
Step 1: initial point selection:
(1) selection is cold-resistant, disease-resistant, sugar content is high, the early mature watermelon kind of good, the resistance to transport of commodity, the purity of watermelon seed
Should be 98% or more, germination percentage should be 90% or so, and cleanliness is 90% or more；
Step 2: nursery:
(1) production of pot for growing seedlings: being made bottomless drum using materials such as old newspaper, waste mulching film, canopy films, the bottomless drum
Specification is 10cm*10cm；
(2) 4 parts of garden loams for not sowing melon dish, 4 parts of sufficiently decomposed high-quality farmyard manures, 1 part of corruption the preparation of Nutrition Soil: are chosen
Ripe horsehit, 1 part of plant ash, above-mentioned manufacture material is mixed, and mixing puts it into nutritive cube after completing, the nutritive cube
Inside reserves the distance of 5cm, in order to earthing after planting；
(3) seed treatment: a kind of seed of selection of step is basked seeds under the sun, and the time of basking seeds is 72h, and the seed is used
Kind amount is that 667m2 uniformly sows 100g seed, and the seed needs to soak seed using 60 DEG C of warm water before the use, in temperature
Water needs constantly to be stirred seed during pouring into, after water temperature is down to 30 DEG C, then the 1.2h that soaks seed, followed by 40%
Formalin benefit be diluted with water 200 times, the formalin after dilution is soaked seed 35min again then, then cleans seed
It is soaked seed again 10h using 30 DEG C of warm water later, seed soaking is pulled out seed after completing and wrapped using wet towel, and 30 DEG C of ring is placed on
Vernalization is carried out for 24 hours in border, needs to clean once using warm water daily during vernalization, the seed to 80% shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally and can broadcast
Kind；
(4) selection in nursery field: Cold frame is used, nursery field needs to select East and West direction leeward on the sunny side, convenient for transplanting transport
Field builds the cob wall that one piece of height is 80cm on the north of furrow, and east and west sides build gable, and the gable is arc-shaped, makes
One small-sized heliogreenhouse, the cob wall and mountain coping cover layer of plastic film, and night covers straw mat, the nursery
How much the wide 2m in pond, deep 30cm, length are voluntarily adjusted according to seedling；
(5) it sows: selecting fair weather before and after March 15 and sowed, by the neat stacking of nutritive cube in the inside of nursery furrow,
It then waters to the inside of nutritive cube, transplants spirit when the inner utilization of the complete osmotrophy alms bowl of water and sprayed, every square
The mixed solution of the transplanting spirit and 3kg water of rice sprinkling 2ml, is sowed after liquid medicine penetrates into soil, every the inside of nutritive cube
It is put into the seed of 1 vernalization completion, the surface of the seed covers the thin moisture soil of 1cm thickness, entire seedbed is then covered plastic film, night
Between cover straw mat；
(6) seedbed management: daytime, which takes off, before emerging covers with mat, and lid is covered with mat at night, does not need to open canopy film, the temperature in greenhouse controlled on daytime 35
DEG C, night controls at 21 DEG C, and seedling applies 1cm again Nutrition Soil after all sprouting is put a lodged plant upright, and before rough leaf expansion, is decreased slightly as low temperature
Degree, 28 DEG C of daytime, nocturnal temperature is controlled at 18 DEG C for temperature control, then and is not spilt within 3 days a water, before definite value 7 days amplification wind into
Row practices seedling, to improve its survival rate；
Step 3: field planting:
(1) site preparation and fertilization: watermelon field must turn over deep ploughing the autumn, plough again 2 times after next year defrosting, in autumn ploughing, every 667m2 applies high-quality agriculture
Family fertilizer 5200kg, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 16kg, calcium superphosphate 27kg, potassium sulfate 10kg, when site preparation, disposably apply, then to watermelon field
It is ploughed deeply, next year front and back by the end of March plows to watermelon field, harrows a kind of farm tools, then apply Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 15kg, potassium sulfate 10kg is rotten
Ripe soya-bean cake 52kg, efficient compound fertilizer 32kg；
(2) bedding, epiphragma: preceding the bedding in 10 days of transplanting, according to 2.1m trench digging scribing line, furrow face wide 1.7m, furrow width 0.4m, among furrow face
It is slightly higher, it is in steamed bun shape, then covers the mocromembrane of breadth 2m, the direction of the furrow is preferably east-west direction；
(3) Small plastic shed is built: the warm ground of the preceding 5 days button canopies of field planting, each using the bamboo chip both ends sharpening of 2.3m when arched shed installation
The 20cm that buries is installed, and assigns a bamboo chip every 1m, makes a call to a timber, and canopy film is fixed using cotton rope；
(4) be colonized: the field planting of selection fair weather, every furrow are colonized 2 rows, line-spacing 80cm, spacing in the rows 60cm, every 667m2 before and after April 15
1270 plants of field planting, when field planting, open Small plastic shed canopy film, and are punched using seed transplanting apparatus, pay attention to that 2 row acupuncture points are staggeredly colonized, smart with 1%
Then metalaxyl 100g and 2.5% fludioxonil 100g mixing carries out mixed liquor adding water to 1200kg, form mixed liquor, then right
Mixed liquor about 1kg is added in each hole, mixed liquors is waited to carry out cultivation seedling after fully penetrating into, is obturaged hole with soil after planting seedling, with
After compress canopy film, the thickening mulch that the canopy film is selected with a thickness of 0.02mm is planted after seedling is completed and is poured water along ditch it；
Step 4: it is managed after field planting:
(1) temperature management: closing canopy at any time, leak informaton after transplanting, adjusts temperature of shed, day temperature is maintained at 30 before slow seedling
DEG C, night is maintained at 15 DEG C or more, and 28 DEG C of daytime after slow seedling, night is maintained at 12 DEG C or more；
(2) water and fertilizer management: 1, apply and urge water: after slow seedling, watermelon growing is rapid, into group's phase, in order to promote plant strain growth,
Stretch it rapidly climing, pour water top dressing early, and every 667m2 applies urea 10kg, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 10kg, then fill in furrow ditch
Water incorporates 1% Metalaxyl-M 50g in the water per acre used of pouring water and 2.5% fludioxonil 50g is mixed, waits the water of fillings dry
After intertillage soil moisture conservation, to promote root system development；2, apply swollen melon water: after fruit is occupied stably, young melon it is long to egg size when filling
Primary swollen melon water, and every 667m2 additional potassium sulfate 15kg, efficient compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 20kg, until watermelon expanding stage according to
It needs once to be watered again, watering is generally advisable with the one third of ditch, flood pouring can not be carried out to it, in the knot melon later period
Foliar spray is carried out using the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 0.3% concentration or the urea liquid of 0.3% concentration, foliage top dressing is carried out, can also spray
Some watermelon elements, great Feng element, amino acid, ecological organic fertilizer etc. are applied, were sprayed every 10 days primary；
(3) prune: the method that Small plastic shed watermelon mostly uses double climing trainings or three climing trainings, double climing trainings in addition to retaining main stem,
A lateral bine is selected and remain on base portion 1-4 section, the lateral bine should choose a wherein most sturdy reservation, remaining lateral bine and secondary side
Climing timely excision is generally selected and remain 2,3 female flowers and is sat based on melon, and every melon is climing to stay 30 leaves, in addition to retaining when three climing trainings
Outside main stem, 2 lateral bines are selected and remain on the 3-5 section of main stem, remaining lateral bine is all extractd；
(4) artificial pollination: carrying out an artificial supplementary pollination in duration of flowering, every morning 10, and method is to open the same day
Male flower take, remove petal, gently smeared on the column cap of female flower, until melon is sat；
(5) it removes film: after late frost, removing film in time and withdraw bamboo chip, into normal management mid-May；
Step 5: the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control:
(1) disease control: the principle that disease control to master is puted prevention first should remove weeds in field, deadwood and rotten leaf before cultivation, kind
Son carries out disinfection prior to seeding, applying organic manure, supplement phosphorus potash fertilizer, not inclined nitrogen fertilizer application, pays attention to ventilation dewetting, guarantees sufficient light
According to；
(2) pest control: insect pest is mainly aphid, tap water can be used to dilute neutral detergent during anti-eliminate aphis
500 times, foliar spray, continuous sprinkling 3 times are carried out to melon seedling, or carry out after adding water 30kg to filter using tobacco leaf 0.5kg to it
Sprinkling, sprinkling in every 10 days is primary, or is diluted with water 4000 times of progress foliage spray using 10% imidacloprid wettable powder；
Step 6: it harvests in due course:
(1) watermelon children melon hangs label after occupying stably, and early-maturing variety 26-28 days maturations generally after fallen flowers will receive in time on ahead of time
City.
Early good 8424, Jingxin No.1, black beauty, the product such as Xin Jinlan, orchid can be chosen during the initial point selection
Kind.
It will appear powdery mildew and anthracnose during the step 5 disease control mostly, the benefit when powdery mildew is fallen ill
It is diluted with water 800 times with 5% sulphur powder wettable powder benefit or is diluted with water 1500 times using pesticide corrosion 120 benefit and carry out blade face spray
Mist, sprinkling in every 8 days are primary；400 times or 50% utilization can be diluted with water in the anthracnose using 50% anthrax Fu Meili when falling ill
Carbendazim benefit is diluted with water 500 times, or is diluted with water 800 times using 50% thiophanate methyl and is diluted with water plus 75% Bravo
800 times of mixed atomizings are used continuously 3 times during spraying, other diseases simultaneous can also be controlled after sprinkling.
It needs to examine melon silk in the step 6, after melon silk is dry, shows that watermelon is mature.
It plants in the step 3 after seedling is completed and pours water along ditch it, water used in the pouring uses mass concentration
The mixed solution that the fludioxonil 100g and water 1000kg that Metalaxyl-M 100g and mass concentration for 1% are 2.5% are fabricated.
It needs once to be watered again in watermelon expanding stage in the step 4, quality is incorporated in water used in the pouring
The fludioxonil 50g that the Metalaxyl-M 50g and mass concentration that concentration is 1% are 2.5%.
Embodiment three:
A kind of anti-continuous cropping implantation methods of Small plastic shed watermelon, a kind of anti-continuous cropping implantation methods of Small plastic shed watermelon include following step
It is rapid:
Step 1: initial point selection:
(1) selection is cold-resistant, disease-resistant, sugar content is high, the early mature watermelon kind of good, the resistance to transport of commodity, the purity of watermelon seed
Should be 98% or more, germination percentage should be 90% or so, and cleanliness is 90% or more；
Step 2: nursery:
(1) production of pot for growing seedlings: being made bottomless drum using materials such as old newspaper, waste mulching film, canopy films, the bottomless drum
Specification is 9cm*9cm；
(2) 4 parts of garden loams for not sowing melon dish, 4 parts of sufficiently decomposed high-quality farmyard manures, 1 part of corruption the preparation of Nutrition Soil: are chosen
Ripe horsehit, 1 part of plant ash, above-mentioned manufacture material is mixed, and mixing puts it into nutritive cube after completing, the nutritive cube
Inside reserves the distance of 4cm, in order to earthing after planting；
(3) seed treatment: a kind of seed of selection of step is basked seeds under the sun, and the time of basking seeds is 50h, and the seed is used
Kind amount is that 667m2 uniformly sows 75g seed, and the seed needs to soak seed using 58 DEG C of warm water before the use, in temperature
Water needs constantly to be stirred seed during pouring into, after water temperature is down to 30 DEG C, then the 1.1h that soaks seed, followed by 40%
Formalin benefit be diluted with water 200 times, the formalin after dilution is soaked seed 33min again then, then cleans seed
It is soaked seed again 9h using 30 DEG C of warm water later, seed soaking is pulled out seed after completing and wrapped using wet towel, and 30 DEG C of ring is placed on
Vernalization 21h is carried out in border, needs to clean once using warm water daily during vernalization, the seed to 80% shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally and can broadcast
Kind；
(4) selection in nursery field: Cold frame is used, nursery field needs to select East and West direction leeward on the sunny side, convenient for transplanting transport
Field builds the cob wall that one piece of height is 70cm on the north of furrow, and east and west sides build gable, and the gable is arc-shaped, makes
One small-sized heliogreenhouse, the cob wall and mountain coping cover layer of plastic film, and night covers straw mat, the nursery
How much the wide 1.7m in pond, deep 27cm, length are voluntarily adjusted according to seedling；
(5) it sows: selecting fair weather before and after March 15 and sowed, by the neat stacking of nutritive cube in the inside of nursery furrow,
It then waters to the inside of nutritive cube, transplants spirit when the inner utilization of the complete osmotrophy alms bowl of water and sprayed, every square
The mixed solution of the transplanting spirit and 3kg water of rice sprinkling 2ml, is sowed after liquid medicine penetrates into soil, every the inside of nutritive cube
It is put into the seed of 1 vernalization completion, the surface of the seed covers the thin moisture soil of 1cm thickness, entire seedbed is then covered plastic film, night
Between cover straw mat；
(6) seedbed management: daytime, which takes off, before emerging covers with mat, and lid is covered with mat at night, does not need to open canopy film, the temperature of appearance controlled on daytime 33
DEG C, night controls at 20 DEG C, and seedling applies 1cm again Nutrition Soil after all sprouting is put a lodged plant upright, and before rough leaf expansion, is decreased slightly as low temperature
Degree, 27 DEG C of daytime, nocturnal temperature is controlled at 16 DEG C for temperature control, then and is not spilt within 2 days a water, before definite value 7 days amplification wind into
Row practices seedling, to improve its survival rate；
Step 3: field planting:
(1) site preparation and fertilization: watermelon field must turn over deep ploughing the autumn, plough again 2 times after next year defrosting, in autumn ploughing, every 667m2 applies high-quality agriculture
Family fertilizer 5000kg, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 15kg, calcium superphosphate 25kg, potassium sulfate 10kg, when site preparation, disposably apply, then to watermelon field
It is ploughed deeply, next year front and back by the end of March plows to watermelon field, harrows a kind of farm tools, then apply Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 30kg, potassium sulfate 10kg is rotten
Ripe soya-bean cake 50kg, efficient compound fertilizer 30kg；
(2) bedding, epiphragma: preceding the bedding in 10 days of transplanting, according to 2.1m trench digging scribing line, furrow face wide 1.7m, furrow width 0.4m, among furrow face
It is slightly higher, it is in steamed bun shape, then covers the mocromembrane of breadth 2m, the direction of the furrow is preferably east-west direction；
(3) Small plastic shed is built: the warm ground of the preceding 5 days button canopies of field planting, each using the bamboo chip both ends sharpening of 2.3m when arched shed installation
The 20cm that buries is installed, and assigns a bamboo chip every 1m, makes a call to a timber, and canopy film is fixed using cotton rope；
(4) it is colonized: selection fair weather field planting before and after April 15,2 rows of every furrow field planting, line-spacing 80cm, spacing in the rows 50-60cm, often
667m2 is colonized 1160 plants, and when field planting opens Small plastic shed canopy film, and is punched using seed transplanting apparatus, pays attention to that 2 row acupuncture points interlock field planting,
It is mixed with 1% Metalaxyl-M 100g and 2.5% fludioxonil 100g, then mixed liquor is carried out to add water to 1200kg, forms mixed liquor,
Then to mixed liquor about 1kg is added in each hole, mixed liquors is waited to carry out cultivation seedling after fully penetrating into, is sealed hole with soil after planting seedling
Sternly, canopy film is then compressed, the thickening mulch that the canopy film is selected with a thickness of 0.02mm is planted after seedling is completed and filled along ditch to it
Water；
Step 4: it is managed after field planting:
(1) temperature management: closing canopy at any time, leak informaton after transplanting, adjusts temperature of shed, day temperature is maintained at 30 before slow seedling
DEG C, night is maintained at 15 DEG C or more, and 27 DEG C of daytime after slow seedling, night is maintained at 12 DEG C or more；
(2) water and fertilizer management: 1, apply and urge water: after slow seedling, watermelon growing is rapid, into group's phase, in order to promote plant strain growth,
Stretch it rapidly climing, pour water top dressing early, and every 667m2 applies urea 10kg, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 10kg, then fill in furrow ditch
Water incorporates 1% Metalaxyl-M 50g in the water per acre used of pouring water and 2.5% fludioxonil 50g is mixed, waits the water of fillings dry
After intertillage soil moisture conservation, to promote root system development；2, apply swollen melon water: after fruit is occupied stably, young melon it is long to egg size when filling
Primary swollen melon water, and every 667m2 additional potassium sulfate 15kg, efficient compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 20kg, until watermelon expanding stage according to
It needs once to be watered again, watering is generally advisable with the one third of ditch, flood pouring can not be carried out to it, in the knot melon later period
Foliar spray is carried out using the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 0.3% concentration or the urea liquid of 0.25% concentration, foliage top dressing is carried out, can also spray
Some watermelon elements, great Feng element, amino acid, ecological organic fertilizer etc. are applied, were sprayed every 10 days primary；
(3) prune: the method that Small plastic shed watermelon mostly uses double climing trainings or three climing trainings, double climing trainings in addition to retaining main stem,
A lateral bine is selected and remain on base portion 1-4 section, the lateral bine should choose a wherein most sturdy reservation, remaining lateral bine and secondary side
Climing timely excision is generally selected and remain 2,3 female flowers and is sat based on melon, and every melon is climing to stay 28 leaves, in addition to retaining when three climing trainings
Outside main stem, 2 lateral bines are selected and remain on the 3-5 section of main stem, remaining lateral bine is all extractd；
(4) artificial pollination: an artificial supplementary pollination is carried out in duration of flowering, every morning 9, method is to open the same day
Male flower is taken, and petal is removed, and gently smears on the column cap of female flower, until melon is sat；
(5) it removes film: after late frost, removing film in time and withdraw bamboo chip, into normal management mid-May；
Step 5: the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control:
(1) disease control: the principle that disease control to master is puted prevention first should remove weeds in field, deadwood and rotten leaf before cultivation, kind
Son carries out disinfection prior to seeding, applying organic manure, supplement phosphorus potash fertilizer, not inclined nitrogen fertilizer application, pays attention to ventilation dewetting, guarantees sufficient light
According to；
(2) pest control: insect pest is mainly aphid, tap water can be used to dilute neutral detergent during anti-eliminate aphis
500 times, foliar spray, continuous sprinkling 2 times are carried out to melon seedling, or carry out after adding water 30kg to filter using tobacco leaf 0.5kg to it
Sprinkling, sprinkling in every 9 days is primary, or is diluted with water 4000 times of progress foliage spray using 10% imidacloprid wettable powder；
Step 6: it harvests in due course:
(1) watermelon children melon hangs label after occupying stably, and early-maturing variety 26-28 days maturations generally after fallen flowers will receive in time on ahead of time
City.
The product such as early good 8424, Jingxin No.1, black beauty, Xin Jinlan, orchid can be chosen during the initial point selection
Kind.
It will appear powdery mildew and anthracnose during the step 5 disease control mostly, the benefit when powdery mildew is fallen ill
It is diluted with water 650 times with 5% sulphur powder wettable powder benefit or is diluted with water 1500 times using pesticide corrosion 120 benefit and carry out blade face spray
Mist, sprinkling in every 7 days are primary；350 times or 50% utilization can be diluted with water in the anthracnose using 50% anthrax Fu Meili when falling ill
Carbendazim benefit is diluted with water 500 times, or is diluted with water 800 times using 50% thiophanate methyl and is diluted with water plus 75% Bravo
800 times of mixed atomizings are used continuously 3 times during spraying, other diseases simultaneous can also be controlled after sprinkling.
It needs to examine melon silk in the step 6, after melon silk is dry, shows that watermelon is mature.
Suitable ditch pours water to it after planting seedling completion in the step 3, described to pour water used per acre using quality
The mixing that the fludioxonil 100g and water 1000kg that the Metalaxyl-M 100g and mass concentration that concentration is 1% are 2.5% are fabricated
Solution.
It needs once to be watered again in watermelon expanding stage in the step 4, quality is incorporated in water used in the pouring
The fludioxonil 100g that the Metalaxyl-M 50g and mass concentration that concentration is 1% are 2.5%.
It although an embodiment of the present invention has been shown and described, for the ordinary skill in the art, can be with
A variety of variations, modification, replacement can be carried out to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention by understanding
And modification, the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of anti-continuous cropping implantation methods of Small plastic shed watermelon, it is characterised in that: a kind of anti-continuous cropping plantation side of Small plastic shed watermelon
Method the following steps are included:
Step 1: initial point selection:
(1) selection is cold-resistant, disease-resistant, sugar content is high, the early mature watermelon kind of good, the resistance to transport of commodity, the purity of watermelon seed
Should be 98% or more, germination percentage should be 90% or so, and cleanliness is 90% or more；
Step 2: nursery:
The production of pot for growing seedlings: bottomless drum, the rule of the bottomless drum are made using materials such as old newspaper, waste mulching film, canopy films
Lattice are 8-10cm*8-10cm；
The preparation of Nutrition Soil: choosing 4 parts of garden loams for not sowing melon dish, 4 parts of sufficiently decomposed high-quality farmyard manures, 1 part it is decomposed
Horsehit, 1 part of plant ash, above-mentioned manufacture material is mixed, mixing puts it into nutritive cube after completing, the nutritive cube it is interior
Portion reserves the distance of 3-5cm, in order to earthing after planting；
Seed treatment: a kind of seed of selection of step is basked seeds under the sun, and the time of basking seeds is 48-72h, and the seed is used
Kind amount is that 667m2 uniformly sows 50-100g seed, and the seed needs to be soaked using 55-60 DEG C of warm water before the use
Kind, it needs constantly to be stirred seed during warm water pours into, after water temperature is down to 30 DEG C, then the 1-1.2h that soaks seed, with
200 times are diluted with water using 40% formalin benefit afterwards, then the formalin after dilution is soaked seed 30-35min again, with
It is soaked seed again 8-10h after seed is cleaned afterwards using 30 DEG C of warm water, seed soaking pulls seed out and utilizes wet towel packet after completing
It is good, it is placed on progress vernalization 18-24h in 30 DEG C of environment, needs to clean using warm water once daily during vernalization, to
80% seed, which shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, to be sowed；
The selection in nursery field: Cold frame is used, nursery field needs to select East and West direction leeward on the sunny side, convenient for the field of transplanting transport
Block builds the cob wall that one piece of height is 60-80cm on the north of furrow, and east and west sides build gable, and the gable is arc-shaped, makes
One small-sized heliogreenhouse, the cob wall and mountain coping cover layer of plastic film, and night covers straw mat, the nursery
How much the wide 1.5-2m in pond, deep 25-30cm, length are voluntarily adjusted according to seedling；
Sowing: selecting fair weather before and after March 15 and sowed, by the neat stacking of nutritive cube in the inside of nursery furrow, with
It waters afterwards to the inside of nutritive cube, transplants spirit when the inner utilization of the complete osmotrophy alms bowl of water and sprayed, every square metre
The mixed solution for spraying the transplanting spirit and 3kg water of 2ml, is sowed after liquid medicine penetrates into soil, is put every the inside of nutritive cube
Enter the seed of 1 vernalization completion, the surface of the seed covers the thin moisture soil of 1cm thickness, entire seedbed is then covered plastic film, night
Cover straw mat；
Seedbed management: daytime, which takes off, before emerging covers with mat, and lid is covered with mat at night, does not need to open canopy film, the temperature in greenhouse is controlled in 30-35 on daytime
DEG C, night controls at 19-21 DEG C, and seedling applies 1cm again Nutrition Soil after all sprouting is put a lodged plant upright, and before rough leaf expansion, is decreased slightly as low
Temperature, 25-28 DEG C of daytime, nocturnal temperature is controlled at 15-18 DEG C for temperature control, then spills within every 2-3 days a water, 7 before definite value
Its amplification wind carries out practicing seedling, to improve its survival rate；
Step 3: field planting:
Site preparation and fertilization: watermelon field must turn over deep ploughing the autumn, plough 1-2 times again after next year defrosting, in autumn ploughing, every 667m2 applies high-quality farmers'
Fertile 4800-5200kg, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 14-16kg, calcium superphosphate 23-27kg, potassium sulfate 10kg, when site preparation, disposably apply, so
Watermelon field is ploughed deeply afterwards, next year by the end of March front and back, plowed to watermelon field, harrow a kind of farm tools, then apply Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 28-32kg,
Potassium sulfate 10kg, decomposed soya-bean cake 48-52kg, efficient compound fertilizer 28-32kg；
Bedding, epiphragma: the preceding bedding in 10 days of transplanting ditches according to 2.1m and crosses, and the wide 1.7m of furrow face, furrow width 0.4m, furrow face centre is slightly
Height is in steamed bun shape, then covers the mocromembrane of breadth 2m, the direction of the furrow is preferably east-west direction；
Small plastic shed is built: the warm ground of the preceding 5 days button canopies of field planting is fined away using the bamboo chip both ends of 2.3m when arched shed installation and is respectively buried
20cm is installed, and assigns a bamboo chip every 1m, makes a call to a timber, and canopy film is fixed using cotton rope；
Field planting: the field planting of selection fair weather, every furrow are colonized 2 rows, line-spacing 80cm, spacing in the rows 50-60cm, every 667m2 before and after April 15
1058-1270 plant of field planting, when field planting, open Small plastic shed canopy film, and are punched using seed transplanting apparatus, pay attention to that 2 row acupuncture points interlock field planting,
It is mixed with 1% Metalaxyl-M 100g and 2.5% fludioxonil 100g, then mixed liquor is carried out to add water to 1200kg, forms mixed liquor,
Then to mixed liquor about 1kg is added in each hole, mixed liquors is waited to carry out cultivation seedling after fully penetrating into, is sealed hole with soil after planting seedling
Sternly, canopy film is then compressed, the thickening mulch that the canopy film is selected with a thickness of 0.02mm is planted after seedling is completed and filled along ditch to it
Water；
Step 4: it is managed after field planting:
Temperature management: closing canopy at any time, leak informaton after transplanting, adjusts temperature of shed, day temperature is maintained at 30 DEG C before slow seedling, night
Between be maintained at 15 DEG C or more, 25-28 DEG C of daytime after slow seedling, night is maintained at 12 DEG C or more；
Water and fertilizer management: 1, apply and urge water: after slow seedling, watermelon growing is rapid, makes into group's phase in order to promote plant strain growth
It stretches rapidly climing, and pour water top dressing early, and every 667m2 applies urea 10kg, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 10kg, then pours water in furrow ditch,
1% Metalaxyl-M 50g is incorporated in the water used per acre of pouring water and 2.5% fludioxonil 50g is mixed, and the water of fillings is waited to do it
Intertillage soil moisture conservation afterwards, to promote root system development；2, apply swollen melon water: after fruit is occupied stably, young melon it is long to egg size when filling primary
Swollen melon water, and every 667m2 additional potassium sulfate 15kg, efficient compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 20kg, wait until watermelon expanding stage as required
It is once watered again, watering is generally advisable with the one third of ditch, flood pouring can not be carried out to it, in knot melon later-stage utilization
The potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 0.3% concentration or the urea liquid of 0.2%-0.3% concentration carry out foliar spray, carry out foliage top dressing, can also spray
Some watermelon elements, great Feng element, amino acid, ecological organic fertilizer etc. are applied, were sprayed every 10 days primary；
Training: the method that Small plastic shed watermelon mostly uses double climing trainings or three climing trainings, double climing trainings are in addition to retaining main stem, in base
Selects and remain a lateral bine on portion 1-4 section, the lateral bine should choose a wherein most sturdy reservation, remaining lateral bine and secondary lateral bine and
When extract, generally select and remain 2,3 female flowers and sit based on melon, every melon is climing to stay 25-30 piece leaf, and three climing trainings when leads in addition to retaining
It is climing outer, 2 lateral bines are selected and remain on the 3-5 section of main stem, remaining lateral bine is all extractd；
Artificial pollination: an artificial supplementary pollination is carried out in duration of flowering, every morning 8-10, method is to open the same day
Male flower is taken, and petal is removed, and gently smears on the column cap of female flower, until melon is sat；
It removes film: after late frost, removing film in time and withdraw bamboo chip, into normal management mid-May；
Step 5: the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control:
Disease control: the principle that disease control to master is puted prevention first should remove weeds in field, deadwood and rotten leaf, seed before cultivation
It carries out disinfection prior to seeding, applying organic manure, supplement phosphorus potash fertilizer, not inclined nitrogen fertilizer application, pays attention to ventilation dewetting, guarantees sufficient light
According to；
Pest control: insect pest is mainly aphid, can be used tap water that neutral detergent are diluted 500 during anti-eliminate aphis
Times, foliar spray, continuous sprinkling 2-3 times are carried out to melon seedling, or spray after adding water 30kg to filter using tobacco leaf 0.5kg to it
It spills, sprinkling in every 7-10 days is primary, or is diluted with water 4000 times of progress foliage spray using 10% imidacloprid wettable powder；
Step 6: it harvests in due course:
(1) watermelon children melon hangs label after occupying stably, and early-maturing variety 26-28 days maturations generally after fallen flowers will receive in time on ahead of time
City.
2. the anti-continuous cropping implantation methods of a kind of Small plastic shed watermelon according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the initial point selection
During can choose the kinds such as early good 8424, Jingxin No.1, black beauty, Xin Jinlan, orchid.
3. the anti-continuous cropping implantation methods of a kind of Small plastic shed watermelon according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the step 5 disease
It will appear powdery mildew and anthracnose during evil prevention and treatment mostly, 5% sulphur powder wettable powder utilized when the powdery mildew is fallen ill
Benefit is diluted with water 500-800 times or 1500 times of progress foliar sprays, sprinkling one in every 6-8 days is diluted with water using pesticide corrosion 120 benefit
It is secondary；The anthracnose can be diluted with water 300-400 times using 50% anthrax Fu Meili when falling ill or 50% utilization carbendazim utilizes
Water dilutes 500 times, or is diluted with water 800 times using 50% thiophanate methyl and 800 times of mixing are diluted with water plus 75% Bravo
It is spraying, it is used continuously 2-3 times during spraying, other diseases simultaneous can also be controlled after sprinkling.
4. the anti-continuous cropping implantation methods of a kind of Small plastic shed watermelon according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in the step 6
It needs to examine melon silk, after melon silk is dry, shows that watermelon is mature.
5. the anti-continuous cropping implantation methods of a kind of Small plastic shed watermelon according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in the step 3
Plant after seedling is completed and pour water it along ditch, water used in the pouring use mass concentration for 1% Metalaxyl-M 100g with
And the mixed solution that is fabricated of fludioxonil 100g and water 1000kg that mass concentration is 2.5%.
6. the anti-continuous cropping implantation methods of a kind of Small plastic shed watermelon according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in the step 4
It needs once to be watered again in watermelon expanding stage, the Metalaxyl-M that mass concentration is 1% is incorporated in water used in the pouring
The fludioxonil 100g that 50g and mass concentration are 2.5%.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910543378.9A CN110140610A (en) | 2019-06-21 | 2019-06-21 | A kind of anti-continuous cropping implantation methods of Small plastic shed watermelon |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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| CN112219652A (en) * | 2020-10-19 | 2021-01-15 | 开封市蔬菜科学研究所 | Cultivation method of high-yield watermelons |
| CN112703979A (en) * | 2021-01-07 | 2021-04-27 | 北京市植物保护站 | Continuous cropping-resistant cultivation method for kylin melons |
| CN117223559A (en) * | 2023-11-10 | 2023-12-15 | 潍坊郭牌农业科技有限公司 | High-efficiency heat-preservation cultivation method for early spring watermelon in arch shed |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112219652A (en) * | 2020-10-19 | 2021-01-15 | 开封市蔬菜科学研究所 | Cultivation method of high-yield watermelons |
| CN112703979A (en) * | 2021-01-07 | 2021-04-27 | 北京市植物保护站 | Continuous cropping-resistant cultivation method for kylin melons |
| CN117223559A (en) * | 2023-11-10 | 2023-12-15 | 潍坊郭牌农业科技有限公司 | High-efficiency heat-preservation cultivation method for early spring watermelon in arch shed |
| CN117223559B (en) * | 2023-11-10 | 2024-03-19 | 潍坊郭牌农业科技有限公司 | High-efficiency heat-preservation cultivation method for early spring watermelon in arch shed |
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