CN112703979A - Continuous cropping-resistant cultivation method for kylin melons - Google Patents
Continuous cropping-resistant cultivation method for kylin melons Download PDFInfo
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- CN112703979A CN112703979A CN202110016355.XA CN202110016355A CN112703979A CN 112703979 A CN112703979 A CN 112703979A CN 202110016355 A CN202110016355 A CN 202110016355A CN 112703979 A CN112703979 A CN 112703979A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
Abstract
The invention discloses a continuous cropping resistant cultivation method for kylin melons, which comprises the following steps: selecting a kylin melon variety, sun-drying the kylin melon variety, soaking the kylin melon variety, sowing the kylin melon variety into a nutrition pot filled with nutrient soil, raising seedlings in a cold frame, and irrigating the seedlings with a biological microbial inoculum fertilizer after the seedlings come out of the soil and are uncapped; ploughing the field to be planted in the late autumn of the previous year, ploughing again in the next 1-3 months, applying mixed fertilizer, ploughing to make furrows and films, punching holes by a puncher, transplanting into the holes, applying biological bacteria fertilizer liquid, taking soil on the spot and sealing the roots; building a trellis, drawing the fixedly planted seedlings onto the trellis, uniformly separating the melon vines on the trellis in a vine extraction period, artificially assisting pollination in a flowering period, applying fruit fertilizer when young fruits are produced, and stopping irrigation 1-2 weeks before melon picking; and (4) pest control. The method is simple to operate, can prevent adverse effects caused by continuous cropping of the kylin melons, improves the yield and quality of the kylin melons, and effectively solves the problems that the kylin melons in the prior art are not resistant to continuous cropping, large in chemical agent dosage, poor in yield and quality and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of cultivation of kylin melons, in particular to a continuous cropping resistant cultivation method of the kylin melons.
Background
The kylin melon as a medium-fruited watermelon picked many times all year round once field planting has the advantages of high yield, high quality, high economic benefit and the like. The variety has the advantages of stable growth, strong disease resistance, low temperature and weak illumination resistance, wide adaptability and good fertilizer resistance, and is suitable for spring and summer stubble plastic greenhouse cultivation; the fruit is round, green stripes are covered on the green bottom of the fruit surface, and the appearance is attractive; the pulp is peach red, the meat is crisp, tender and juicy, the taste is good, and the pulp is not easy to pour; high central sugar degree, small sugar degree gradient, good quality, good flavor and good commodity.
However, the following disadvantages exist in the cultivation process of the kylin melons: continuous cropping obstacles are caused in the cultivation process due to the fact that continuous cropping is not tolerant to the continuous cropping of the eucheuma, so that a large amount of yield reduction is caused, the quality is poor, wherein blight is one of main problems in the continuous cropping obstacles, the morbidity of the blight of watermelon plants in continuous cropping fields is generally 10-30%, the serious disease reaches 80%, and the high incidence of the blight is always a big problem in the production of the eucheuma; in the aspect of prevention and treatment, the problems of environmental pollution, pesticide residue and the like are caused by the large amount of chemical agents, and with the use of a large amount of chemical agents, the drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria is gradually expressed, so that the risk of increasing the drug resistance is brought, and great difficulty is brought to prevention and treatment.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides the continuous cropping resistant cultivation method for the kylin melons, which is simple to operate, can prevent and control adverse effects caused by continuous cropping of the kylin melons, improves the yield and the quality of the kylin melons, and effectively solves the problems that the kylin melons in the prior art are not resistant to continuous cropping, large in chemical agent dosage, poor in yield and quality and the like.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the method for continuous cropping-resistant cultivation of the kylin melons comprises the following steps:
(1) seed selection and seedling raising: selecting Eucheuma muricatum variety, sun-drying for 24-60h, soaking in warm water at 50-55 deg.C for 6-10h, sowing the soaked seeds in a nutrition pot filled with nutrient soil, raising seedlings in a cold bed, removing caps of seedlings after emergence of soil, and irrigating for 2-4 times by using biological microbial inoculum fertilizer with application amount of 10-20g/1500 plants at interval of 4-6d each time;
(2) land preparation and field planting: ploughing the field to be planted in the deep autumn of the previous year by 20-50cm, ploughing again in the next year by 1-3 months, then applying 5000-sand-mixed fertilizer 7000kg per mu, ploughing to form a furrow and covering a film, punching by a puncher, wherein the hole distance is 40-60cm, transplanting the seedlings obtained in the step (1) with soil into the holes, applying 1-2L of biological bacteria fertilizer liquid to each plant, and taking soil on site to seal the roots;
(3) managing after planting: building a trellis, then drawing the seedlings planted in the step (2) onto the trellis, uniformly separating the melon vines on the trellis in a vine drawing period, keeping soil moisture, carrying out artificial auxiliary pollination in a flowering period, applying 200kg of fruit fertilizer and 400kg of organic fertilizer per mu when young fruits are grown, and stopping irrigation 1-2 weeks before picking the melons;
(4) and (3) pest control: after field planting, weeds are cleaned regularly, ventilation is paid attention to and sufficient illumination is kept, and then mixed liquor which is prepared by diluting 400-fold and 500-fold by adding water into 20-40 wt% of hymexazol water aqua, 40-50 wt% of dimethomorph wettable powder and 60-80 wt% of thiophanate-methyl wettable powder is used for 2-3 times alternately for preventing and treating blight and epidemic diseases; 8-12 wt% of sulfoxaflor is diluted 4000 times by adding water and sprayed for 1-2 times for preventing and treating aphids.
Further, in the step (1), before sowing, the nutrient soil is sprayed and disinfected by adding water into formalin with 30-50 vt% to dilute the solution by 120 times of 100-.
Further, in the step (1), the nutrient soil is prepared by the following method: uniformly mixing plant ash, diatomite, farmyard manure, wheat bran and unseeded garden soil, and then adding water until the water content is 10-30% to obtain nutrient soil; the mass ratio of the plant ash to the diatomite to the farmyard manure to the wheat bran to the non-sown garden soil is 2-3:2-3:5-6:3-5: 3-6.
Furthermore, the mass ratio of the plant ash, the diatomite, the farmyard manure, the wheat bran and the non-sown garden soil is 2:3:5:4: 5.
Further, in the step (1), the biological agent fertilizer is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of potassium sulfate, 10-30 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 20-30 parts of plant ash, 1-5 parts of chitosan, 50-70 parts of corn straw, 10-20 parts of potassium humate, 30-40 parts of trichoderma harzianum powder and 10-30 parts of bacillus subtilis powder.
Further, in the step (1), the biological agent fertilizer is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15 parts of potassium sulfate, 20 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 25 parts of plant ash, 3 parts of chitosan, 60 parts of corn straw, 15 parts of potassium humate, 35 parts of trichoderma harzianum powder and 20 parts of bacillus subtilis powder.
Further, in the step (2), the mixed fertilizer is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 120-140 parts of calcium superphosphate, 100-150 parts of urea and 10-20 parts of boron fertilizer.
Further, in the step (2), the mixed fertilizer is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 130 parts of calcium superphosphate, 120 parts of urea and 15 parts of boric fertilizer.
Further, in the step (2), the biological bacterial manure liquid is prepared by the following method: uniformly mixing Trichoderma harzianum powder, Bacillus endophyticus, humic acid, monoammonium phosphate and calcium sulfate according to the mass ratio of 30-40:40-50:200 400: 100-.
Further, mixing the trichoderma harzianum powder, the endophytic bacillus, the humic acid, the monoammonium phosphate and the calcium sulfate uniformly according to the mass ratio of 35:45:300:110: 180.
Further, in the step (3), the fruit fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100-150 parts of urea, 300 parts of ammonium phosphate nitrate, 120 parts of potassium sulfate and 2-7 parts of boric acid.
Further, in the step (3), the fruit fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 130 parts of urea, 250 parts of ammonium phosphate nitrate, 110 parts of potassium sulfate and 5 parts of boric acid.
In summary, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the method is simple to operate, can prevent adverse effects caused by continuous cropping of the kylin melons, avoids the occurrence of continuous cropping after the termination of the kylin melons, enhances the disease resistance of the kylin melons, reduces the occurrence of soil-borne diseases, is not limited by continuous cropping planting, has less pesticide residues, can greatly improve the single weight and the sugar content of the kylin melons, improves the yield and the quality of the kylin melons, can repeatedly utilize a field to be planted, also improves the utilization rate of land resources, and effectively solves the problems that the kylin melons in the prior art cannot resist continuous cropping, have large chemical agent dosage, poor yield and quality and the like; the cultivation method has the characteristics of stable effect, long lasting period, lower cost, strong operability and the like, meets the actual requirements of modern agricultural production, has obvious professional advantages in agricultural sustainable development and ecological safety production, and is convenient to popularize and use.
2. After the eucheuma variety is selected, sun-drying seeds in the sun and soaking the seeds in warm water are used for enhancing the seed vitality, improving the germination vigor and the germination rate, drying seed coats after sun-drying, improving the air permeability, quickly absorbing water and expanding, and improving the seed germination speed and the germination rate; then, adopting the nutrient soil formed by mixing the plant ash, the diatomite, the farmyard manure, the wheat bran and the non-sown garden soil, which are sowed in the nutrient soil, to grow seedlings in the ridges in the nutrient soil, providing necessary nutrient elements for the seedling growing of the eucheuma seeds, improving the germination speed and the germination rate of the seeds and preparing for subsequent field planting; after seedlings come out of the soil and are uncapped, the seedlings are irrigated by adopting a biological microbial inoculum fertilizer, the pH value of the soil can be adjusted by potassium sulfate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium elements in the soil are supplemented, the growth of the seedlings of the kylin melons is facilitated, the disease resistance and the water retention of the kylin melons can be improved by chitosan, the rising of favorable microorganisms in the soil is promoted, a certain control effect on plant diseases and insect pests is achieved, and the corn straws and the potassium humate are used for improving the content of nutrient substances in the soil and promoting the growth of the kylin melons; the trichoderma harzianum powder has an outstanding effect on preventing and treating blight of kylin melons, the influence of diseases is reduced, the bacillus subtilis powder also has a preventing and treating effect on blight and the like, and when the trichoderma harzianum powder is used together, beneficial floras can be formed nearby the root systems of the kylin melons, the soil structure is improved, the growth and the propagation of pathogenic bacteria are inhibited, the growth and the development of seedlings are promoted, and the effect is better.
3. The field to be planted needs to be ploughed in the early autumn of the previous year and in the next 1-3 months for loosening the soil and avoiding soil hardening, and the mixed fertilizer can improve the soil fertility and avoid the adverse effect on the growth of the kylin melons caused by the loss of nutrient substances; after seedlings are transplanted, biological fungus fertilizer liquid is applied to each plant, the biological fungus fertilizer liquid contains a large amount of water, the water requirement of the kylin melons can be met, continuous cropping of the kylin melons can be prevented, the contained biological agents such as trichoderma harzianum powder and bacillus endophyticus can effectively inhibit pathogenic bacteria in soil and promote growth of the kylin melons, and humic acid, monoammonium phosphate and calcium sulfate are used for supplementing nutrient elements such as phosphorus and calcium in the soil and have the effect of regulating the pH value of the soil and promoting growth of the kylin melons; the root soil is tightly sealed so as to ensure the absorption of the seedlings and also achieve the purpose of preventing and controlling the lodging of the seedlings.
4. And after planting, shed building management is carried out, subsequent management and fruiting are facilitated, meanwhile, soil moisture is kept, artificial supplementary pollination is carried out in the flowering period, the pollination rate is improved, fruit fertilizer is applied, the fruit fertilizer contains various water-soluble components such as ammonium nitrate, phosphorus and the like, absorption of the kylin melons is facilitated, various elements required by growth of the kylin melons are contained, growth and development of the kylin melons are promoted, acid-base balance of the soil is also promoted, the environment required by growth of the kylin melons is maintained, and the kylin melons with better quality can be obtained. And finally, pest control is carried out, and the hymexazol water aqua, the dimethomorph wettable powder and the thiophanate-methyl wettable powder are alternately used for controlling blight and epidemic diseases, and the sulfoxaflor can be independently used for controlling aphids by adopting the sulfoxaflor and cyanamide suspending agent, so that the use of chemical reagents is reduced as much as possible, the generation of drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria is avoided, and the difficulty is brought to the subsequent planting and control.
Detailed Description
The principles and features of this invention are described below in conjunction with embodiments, which are included to explain the invention and not to limit the scope of the invention. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.
Example 1
A continuous cropping resistant cultivation method for kylin melons comprises the following steps:
(1) seed selection and seedling raising: selecting a kylin melon variety, sun-drying the kylin melon variety for 24 hours, then soaking the kylin melon variety in warm water at 50 ℃ for 10 hours, then sowing the soaked seed in a nutrition pot filled with nutrient soil, raising seedlings in a ridge, watering the seedlings for 2 times after the seedlings come out of the soil and are uncapped, and watering the seedlings for 4 times by adopting a biological microbial inoculum fertilizer with the application amount of 10g/1500 plants at a watering interval of 4 days; before sowing, spraying 100 times of solution diluted by 30vt percent formalin in water to sterilize the nutrient soil; the nutrient soil is prepared by the following method: uniformly mixing plant ash, diatomite, farmyard manure, wheat bran and unseeded garden soil, and then adding water until the water content is 10% to obtain nutrient soil; the mass ratio of the plant ash to the diatomite to the farmyard manure to the wheat bran to the non-sown garden soil is 2:2:5:3: 3; the biological agent fertilizer is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10 parts of potassium sulfate, 10 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 20 parts of plant ash, 1 part of chitosan, 50 parts of corn straw, 10 parts of potassium humate, 30 parts of trichoderma harzianum powder and 10 parts of bacillus subtilis powder;
(2) land preparation and field planting: ploughing a field to be planted in the deep autumn of the previous year by 20-50cm, ploughing again in the next year by 1-3 months, then applying 5000kg of mixed fertilizer to each mu, ploughing to form a furrow and covering a film, punching by a puncher, wherein the hole distance is 40cm, transplanting the seedlings obtained in the step (1) into holes with soil, applying 1L of biological bacterium fertilizer liquid to each plant, and taking soil on the spot to seal the roots; the mixed fertilizer is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 120 parts of calcium superphosphate, 100 parts of urea and 10 parts of boron fertilizer; the biological bacterial fertilizer liquid is prepared by the following method: uniformly mixing Trichoderma harzianum powder, Bacillus endophyticus, humic acid, monoammonium phosphate and calcium sulfate according to the mass ratio of 30:40:200:100:150, adding 10L of water for dissolving, and adding water for diluting to 100 times of the original volume to obtain a biological bacterial fertilizer solution;
(3) managing after planting: building a shed frame, drawing the seedlings planted in the step (2) onto the shed frame, uniformly separating the melon vines on the shed frame in a vine drawing period, keeping soil moisture, artificially assisting pollination in a flowering period, applying 200kg of fruit fertilizer per mu when young fruits are grown, and stopping irrigation 1 week before picking the melons; the fruit fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of urea, 200 parts of ammonium phosphate nitrate, 100 parts of potassium sulfate and 2 parts of boric acid;
(4) and (3) pest control: after field planting, weeds are cleaned regularly, ventilation is paid attention to and sufficient illumination is kept, and then mixed liquor which is diluted by 400 times by adding water into 20 wt% of hymexazol aqueous solution, 40 wt% of dimethomorph wettable powder and 60 wt% of thiophanate-methyl wettable powder is used for 2 times alternately for preventing and treating blight and epidemic diseases; 8 wt% of sulfoxaflor suspending agent is diluted 4000 times by adding water and sprayed for 2 times for preventing and treating aphids.
Example 2
A continuous cropping resistant cultivation method for kylin melons comprises the following steps:
(1) seed selection and seedling raising: selecting a kylin melon variety, sun-drying the kylin melon variety for 36 hours, then soaking the kylin melon variety in warm water at 55 ℃ for 6 hours, then sowing the soaked seed in a nutrition pot filled with nutrient soil, raising seedlings in a ridge, watering the seedlings for 3 times after the seedlings come out of the soil and are uncapped, and watering the seedlings for 3 times by adopting a biological microbial inoculum fertilizer with the application amount of 13g/1500 plants at the interval of 5 days for each time; before sowing, diluting 110 times of solution by 35vt percent formalin and adding water to spray the nutrient soil for disinfection; the nutrient soil is prepared by the following method: uniformly mixing plant ash, diatomite, farmyard manure, wheat bran and unseeded garden soil, and then adding water until the water content is 15% to obtain nutrient soil; the mass ratio of the plant ash to the diatomite to the farmyard manure to the wheat bran to the non-sown garden soil is 2:3:5:4: 4; the biological agent fertilizer is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 13 parts of potassium sulfate, 15 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 25 parts of plant ash, 2 parts of chitosan, 55 parts of corn straw, 13 parts of potassium humate, 34 parts of trichoderma harzianum powder and 15 parts of bacillus subtilis powder;
(2) land preparation and field planting: ploughing a field to be planted in the deep autumn of the previous year by 20-50cm, ploughing again in the next year by 1-3 months, then applying 5500kg of mixed fertilizer per mu, ploughing to form a furrow and covering a film, punching by a puncher, wherein the hole distance is 45cm, transplanting the seedlings obtained in the step (1) into holes with soil, applying 1.5L of biological bacteria fertilizer liquid to each plant, and taking out soil on the spot to seal the roots; the mixed fertilizer is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 125 parts of calcium superphosphate, 120 parts of urea and 14 parts of boric fertilizer; the biological bacterial fertilizer liquid is prepared by the following method: uniformly mixing Trichoderma harzianum powder, Bacillus endophyticus, humic acid, monoammonium phosphate and calcium sulfate according to the mass ratio of 34:42:250:110:160, adding 10L of water for dissolving, and adding water for diluting to 120 times of the original volume to obtain a biological bacterial fertilizer solution;
(3) managing after planting: building a shed frame, drawing the seedlings planted in the step (2) onto the shed frame, uniformly separating the melon vines on the shed frame in a vine drawing period, keeping soil moisture, performing artificial supplementary pollination in a flowering period, applying 250kg of fruit fertilizer per mu when young fruits are produced, and stopping irrigation 1-2 weeks before melon picking; the fruit fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 130 parts of urea, 230 parts of ammonium phosphate nitrate, 110 parts of potassium sulfate and 4 parts of boric acid;
(4) and (3) pest control: after field planting, weeds are regularly cleaned, ventilation is paid attention to and sufficient illumination is kept, and then mixed liquor which is diluted by 450 times by adding water into 25 wt% of hymexazol aqueous solution, 45 wt% of dimethomorph wettable powder and 65 wt% of thiophanate-methyl wettable powder is alternately used for 2 times for preventing and treating blight and epidemic diseases; 10 wt% of sulfoxaflor suspending agent is diluted 4000 times by adding water and sprayed for 2 times for preventing and treating aphids.
Example 3
A continuous cropping resistant cultivation method for kylin melons comprises the following steps:
(1) seed selection and seedling raising: selecting a kylin melon variety, sun-drying the kylin melon variety for 48 hours, then soaking the kylin melon variety in warm water at 55 ℃ for 8 hours, then sowing the soaked seed in a nutrition pot filled with nutrient soil, raising seedlings in a ridge, watering the seedlings for 3 times after the seedlings come out of the soil and are uncapped, and watering the seedlings for 5 times by adopting a biological microbial inoculum fertilizer, wherein the application amount is 15g/1500 plants, and the watering interval is 5 days each time; before sowing, diluting 110 times of solution by adding water into 40 vt% formalin to spray the nutrient soil for disinfection; the nutrient soil is prepared by the following method: uniformly mixing plant ash, diatomite, farmyard manure, wheat bran and unseeded garden soil, and then adding water until the water content is 10-30% to obtain nutrient soil; the mass ratio of the plant ash to the diatomite to the farmyard manure to the wheat bran to the non-sown garden soil is 2:3:5:4: 5; the biological agent fertilizer is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15 parts of potassium sulfate, 20 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 25 parts of plant ash, 3 parts of chitosan, 60 parts of corn straw, 15 parts of potassium humate, 35 parts of trichoderma harzianum powder and 20 parts of bacillus subtilis powder;
(2) land preparation and field planting: ploughing a field to be planted in the deep autumn of the previous year by 20-50cm, ploughing again in the next year by 1-3 months, then applying 6000kg of mixed fertilizer to each mu, ploughing to form a furrow and covering a film, punching by a puncher, wherein the hole distance is 50cm, transplanting the seedlings obtained in the step (1) into holes with soil, applying 2L of biological bacterium fertilizer liquid to each plant, and taking soil on the spot to seal the roots; the mixed fertilizer is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 130 parts of calcium superphosphate, 120 parts of urea and 15 parts of boric fertilizer; the biological bacterial fertilizer liquid is prepared by the following method: mixing Trichoderma harzianum powder, Bacillus endophyticus, humic acid, monoammonium phosphate and calcium sulfate uniformly according to the mass ratio of 35:45:300:110:180, adding 10L of water for dissolving, and adding water for diluting to 200 times of the original volume to obtain a biological bacterial fertilizer solution;
(3) managing after planting: building a shed frame, drawing the seedlings planted in the step (2) onto the shed frame, uniformly separating the melon vines on the shed frame in a vine drawing period, keeping soil moisture, performing artificial supplementary pollination in a flowering period, applying 300kg of fruit fertilizer per mu when young fruits are produced, and stopping irrigation 1-2 weeks before melon picking; the fruit fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 130 parts of urea, 250 parts of ammonium phosphate nitrate, 110 parts of potassium sulfate and 5 parts of boric acid;
(4) and (3) pest control: after field planting, weeds are regularly cleaned, ventilation is paid attention to and sufficient illumination is kept, and then mixed liquor which is diluted by 500 times by adding water into 30 wt% of hymexazol aqueous solution, 45 wt% of dimethomorph wettable powder and 70 wt% of thiophanate-methyl wettable powder is alternately used for 3 times for preventing and treating blight and epidemic diseases; 10 wt% of sulfoxaflor suspending agent is diluted 4000 times by adding water and sprayed for 2 times for preventing and treating aphids.
Example 4
A continuous cropping resistant cultivation method for kylin melons comprises the following steps:
(1) seed selection and seedling raising: selecting a kylin melon variety, sun-drying the kylin melon variety for 60 hours, then soaking the kylin melon variety in warm water at 55 ℃ for 10 hours, then sowing the soaked seed in a nutrition pot filled with nutrient soil, raising seedlings in a ridge, watering the seedlings for 4 times after the seedlings come out of the soil and are uncapped, and watering the seedlings for 4 times by adopting a biological microbial inoculum fertilizer with the application amount of 20g/1500 plants at the interval of 6 days for each time; before sowing, spraying 120 times of solution diluted by 50vt percent formalin in water to sterilize the nutrient soil; the nutrient soil is prepared by the following method: uniformly mixing plant ash, diatomite, farmyard manure, wheat bran and unseeded garden soil, and then adding water until the water content is 30% to obtain nutrient soil; the mass ratio of the plant ash to the diatomite to the farmyard manure to the wheat bran to the non-sown garden soil is 3:3:6:5: 6; the biological agent fertilizer is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 parts of potassium sulfate, 30 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 30 parts of plant ash, 5 parts of chitosan, 70 parts of corn straw, 20 parts of potassium humate, 40 parts of trichoderma harzianum powder and 30 parts of bacillus subtilis powder;
(2) land preparation and field planting: ploughing a field to be planted in the deep autumn of the previous year by 20-50cm, ploughing again in the next year by 1-3 months, then applying 7000kg of mixed fertilizer to each mu, ploughing to form a furrow and covering a film, punching by a puncher, wherein the hole distance is 40-60cm, transplanting the seedlings obtained in the step (1) into the holes with soil, applying 2L of biological bacterium fertilizer liquid to each plant, and taking soil on the spot to seal the roots; the mixed fertilizer is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 140 parts of calcium superphosphate, 150 parts of urea and 20 parts of boron fertilizer; the biological bacterial fertilizer liquid is prepared by the following method: uniformly mixing Trichoderma harzianum powder, Bacillus endophyticus, humic acid, monoammonium phosphate and calcium sulfate according to the mass ratio of 40:50:400:120:200, adding 10L of water for dissolving, and adding water for diluting to 200 times of the original volume to obtain a biological bacterial fertilizer solution;
(3) managing after planting: building a shed frame, drawing the seedlings planted in the step (2) onto the shed frame, uniformly separating the melon vines on the shed frame in a vine drawing period, keeping soil moisture, performing artificial supplementary pollination in a flowering period, applying 400kg of fruit fertilizer per mu when young fruits are produced, and stopping irrigation 1-2 weeks before melon picking; the fruit fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 150 parts of urea, 300 parts of ammonium phosphate nitrate, 120 parts of potassium sulfate and 7 parts of boric acid;
(4) and (3) pest control: after field planting, weeds are regularly cleaned, ventilation is paid attention to and sufficient illumination is kept, and then mixed liquor which is diluted by 500 times by adding water into 40 wt% of hymexazol water aqua, 50 wt% of dimethomorph wettable powder and 80 wt% of thiophanate-methyl wettable powder is alternately used for 3 times for preventing and treating blight and epidemic diseases; the 12 wt% sulfoxaflor suspending agent is diluted 4000 times by adding water and sprayed for 2 times for preventing and treating aphids.
Comparative example 1
A continuous cropping resistant cultivation method for kylin melons comprises the following steps:
(1) seed selection and seedling raising: selecting a kylin melon variety, sun-drying the kylin melon variety for 48 hours, then soaking the kylin melon variety in warm water at 55 ℃ for 10 hours, then sowing the soaked seed in a nutrition pot filled with nutrient soil, raising seedlings in a ridge, irrigating the seedlings for 3 times after the seedlings come out of the soil and are uncapped, and irrigating the seedlings for 5 times by adopting a common compound fertilizer, wherein the application amount is 15g/1500 plants, and the irrigation interval is 5d each time; before sowing, diluting 110 times of solution by adding water into 40 vt% formalin to spray the nutrient soil for disinfection; the nutrient soil is prepared by the following method: uniformly mixing plant ash, diatomite, farmyard manure, wheat bran and unseeded garden soil, and then adding water until the water content is 10-30% to obtain nutrient soil; the mass ratio of the plant ash to the diatomite to the farmyard manure to the wheat bran to the non-sown garden soil is 2:3:5:4: 5;
(2) land preparation and field planting: ploughing a field to be planted in the deep autumn of the previous year by 20-50cm, ploughing again in the next year by 1-3 months, then applying 6000kg of mixed fertilizer to each mu, ploughing to form a furrow and covering a film, punching by a puncher, wherein the hole distance is 50cm, transplanting the seedlings obtained in the step (1) into holes with soil, applying 2L of biological bacterium fertilizer liquid to each plant, and taking soil on the spot to seal the roots; the mixed fertilizer is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 130 parts of calcium superphosphate, 120 parts of urea and 15 parts of boric fertilizer; the biological bacterial fertilizer liquid is prepared by the following method: mixing Trichoderma harzianum powder, Bacillus endophyticus, humic acid, monoammonium phosphate and calcium sulfate uniformly according to the mass ratio of 35:45:300:110:180, adding 10L of water for dissolving, and adding water for diluting to 200 times of the original volume to obtain a biological bacterial fertilizer solution;
(3) managing after planting: building a shed frame, drawing the seedlings planted in the step (2) onto the shed frame, uniformly separating the melon vines on the shed frame in a vine drawing period, keeping soil moisture, performing artificial supplementary pollination in a flowering period, applying 300kg of fruit fertilizer per mu when young fruits are produced, and stopping irrigation 1-2 weeks before melon picking; the fruit fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 130 parts of urea, 250 parts of ammonium phosphate nitrate, 110 parts of potassium sulfate and 5 parts of boric acid;
(4) and (3) pest control: after field planting, weeds are regularly cleaned, ventilation is paid attention to and sufficient illumination is kept, and then mixed liquor which is diluted by 500 times by adding water into 30 wt% of hymexazol aqueous solution, 45 wt% of dimethomorph wettable powder and 70 wt% of thiophanate-methyl wettable powder is alternately used for 3 times for preventing and treating blight and epidemic diseases; 10 wt% of sulfoxaflor suspending agent is diluted 4000 times by adding water and sprayed for 2 times for preventing and treating aphids.
Comparative example 2
A continuous cropping resistant cultivation method for kylin melons comprises the following steps:
(1) seed selection and seedling raising: selecting a kylin melon variety, sun-drying the kylin melon variety for 48 hours, then soaking the kylin melon variety in warm water at 55 ℃ for 10 hours, then sowing the soaked seed in a nutrition pot filled with nutrient soil, raising seedlings in a ridge, watering the seedlings for 3 times after the seedlings come out of the soil and are uncapped, and watering the seedlings for 5 times by adopting a biological microbial inoculum fertilizer, wherein the application amount is 15g/1500 plants, and the watering interval is 5 days each time; before sowing, diluting 110 times of solution by adding water into 40 vt% formalin to spray the nutrient soil for disinfection; the nutrient soil is prepared by the following method: uniformly mixing plant ash, diatomite, farmyard manure, wheat bran and unseeded garden soil, and then adding water until the water content is 10-30% to obtain nutrient soil; the mass ratio of the plant ash to the diatomite to the farmyard manure to the wheat bran to the non-sown garden soil is 2:3:5:4: 5; the biological agent fertilizer is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15 parts of potassium sulfate, 20 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 25 parts of plant ash, 3 parts of chitosan, 60 parts of corn straw, 15 parts of potassium humate, 35 parts of trichoderma harzianum powder and 20 parts of bacillus subtilis powder;
(2) land preparation and field planting: ploughing a field to be planted in the deep autumn of the previous year by 20-50cm, ploughing again in the next year by 1-3 months, then applying 6000kg of mixed fertilizer to each mu, ploughing to form a furrow and covering a film, punching holes by a puncher at a hole pitch of 50cm, transplanting the seedlings obtained in the step (1) into the holes with soil, and taking the soil on the spot to seal the roots; the mixed fertilizer is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 130 parts of calcium superphosphate, 120 parts of urea and 15 parts of boric fertilizer;
(3) managing after planting: building a shed frame, drawing the seedlings planted in the step (2) onto the shed frame, uniformly separating the melon vines on the shed frame in a vine drawing period, keeping soil moisture, performing artificial supplementary pollination in a flowering period, applying 300kg of fruit fertilizer per mu when young fruits are produced, and stopping irrigation 1-2 weeks before melon picking; the fruit fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 130 parts of urea, 250 parts of ammonium phosphate nitrate, 110 parts of potassium sulfate and 5 parts of boric acid;
(4) and (3) pest control: after field planting, weeds are regularly cleaned, ventilation is paid attention to and sufficient illumination is kept, and then mixed liquor which is diluted by 500 times by adding water into 30 wt% of hymexazol aqueous solution, 45 wt% of dimethomorph wettable powder and 70 wt% of thiophanate-methyl wettable powder is alternately used for 3 times for preventing and treating blight and epidemic diseases; 10 wt% of sulfoxaflor suspending agent is diluted 4000 times by adding water and sprayed for 2 times for preventing and treating aphids.
Comparative example 3
A continuous cropping resistant cultivation method for kylin melons comprises the following steps:
(1) seed selection and seedling raising: selecting a kylin melon variety, sun-drying the kylin melon variety for 48 hours, then soaking the kylin melon variety in warm water at 55 ℃ for 10 hours, then sowing the soaked seed in a nutrition pot filled with nutrient soil, raising seedlings in a ridge, watering the seedlings for 3 times after the seedlings come out of the soil and are uncapped, and watering the seedlings for 5 times by adopting a biological microbial inoculum fertilizer, wherein the application amount is 15g/1500 plants, and the watering interval is 5 days each time; before sowing, diluting 110 times of solution by adding water into 40 vt% formalin to spray the nutrient soil for disinfection; the nutrient soil is prepared by the following method: uniformly mixing plant ash, diatomite, farmyard manure, wheat bran and unseeded garden soil, and then adding water until the water content is 10-30% to obtain nutrient soil; the mass ratio of the plant ash to the diatomite to the farmyard manure to the wheat bran to the non-sown garden soil is 2:3:5:4: 5; the biological agent fertilizer is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15 parts of potassium sulfate, 20 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 25 parts of plant ash, 3 parts of chitosan, 60 parts of corn straw, 15 parts of potassium humate, 35 parts of trichoderma harzianum powder and 20 parts of bacillus subtilis powder;
(2) land preparation and field planting: ploughing a field to be planted in the deep autumn of the previous year by 20-50cm, ploughing again in the next year by 1-3 months, then applying 6000kg of mixed fertilizer to each mu, ploughing to form a furrow and covering a film, punching by a puncher, wherein the hole distance is 50cm, transplanting the seedlings obtained in the step (1) into holes with soil, applying 2L of biological bacterium fertilizer liquid to each plant, and taking soil on the spot to seal the roots; the mixed fertilizer is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 130 parts of calcium superphosphate, 120 parts of urea and 15 parts of boric fertilizer; the biological bacterial fertilizer liquid is prepared by the following method: mixing Trichoderma harzianum powder, Bacillus endophyticus, humic acid, monoammonium phosphate and calcium sulfate uniformly according to the mass ratio of 35:45:300:110:180, adding 10L of water for dissolving, and adding water for diluting to 200 times of the original volume to obtain a biological bacterial fertilizer solution;
(3) managing after planting: building a shed frame, drawing the seedlings planted in the step (2) onto the shed frame, uniformly separating the melon vines on the shed frame in a vine drawing period, keeping soil moisture, performing artificial supplementary pollination in a flowering period, applying 300kg of fruit fertilizer per mu when young fruits are produced, and stopping irrigation 1-2 weeks before melon picking;
(4) and (3) pest control: after field planting, weeds are regularly cleaned, ventilation is paid attention to and sufficient illumination is kept, and then mixed liquor which is diluted by 500 times by adding water into 30 wt% of hymexazol aqueous solution, 45 wt% of dimethomorph wettable powder and 70 wt% of thiophanate-methyl wettable powder is alternately used for 3 times for preventing and treating blight and epidemic diseases; 10 wt% of sulfoxaflor suspending agent is diluted 4000 times by adding water and sprayed for 2 times for preventing and treating aphids.
Examples of the experiments
The method shown in examples 1-4 and comparative examples 1-3 was used to cultivate kylin melons, soil borne disease investigation was performed 1 week after planting, plant height, stem thickness, maximum leaf area and the like were counted, and the corresponding conditions in the second and third weeks were counted, respectively, and the results are shown in Table 1. Wherein, the incidence rate is 100% of infected strains/total survey.
TABLE 1 kylin melon planting situation (1-3 weeks)
As can be seen from Table 1, the plant height, stem thickness and maximum leaf area of the kylin melons obtained by the first two continuous cropping resistant cultivation methods of the invention reach higher levels in the field planting period of 1-3 weeks, and compared with the method adopting common compound fertilizers (comparative example 1), the kylin melons have better quality and higher yield; the feed additive is biological microbial inoculum fertilizer, biological bacteria fertilizer liquid, fruit fertilizer and the like in the cultivation process, so that not only are necessary nutrient substances provided for the growth and development of the kylin melons and the growth of the kylin melons promoted, but also the biological control effect is achieved, wherein the added trichoderma harzianum powder and the like effectively inhibit pests and pathogenic bacteria in soil, so that the adverse effects of blight, aphids and the like on the growth of the kylin melons are avoided, and the excellent-quality kylin melons are obtained. The single fruit of the kylin melon obtained by the method is heavier, the first batch of the kylin melon can reach more than 3.8kg, the highest central sugar content can reach 13.3 percent, and the planting level of the kylin melon is obviously higher than that of the traditional kylin melon.
While the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the specific embodiments thereof, it should not be construed as limited by the scope of the present patent. Various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art without inventive step within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. A continuous cropping resistant cultivation method for kylin melons is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) seed selection and seedling raising: selecting Eucheuma muricatum variety, sun-drying for 24-60h, soaking in warm water at 50-55 deg.C for 6-10h, sowing the soaked seeds in a nutrition pot filled with nutrient soil, raising seedlings in a cold bed, removing caps of seedlings after emergence of soil, and irrigating for 2-4 times by using biological microbial inoculum fertilizer with application amount of 10-20g/1500 plants at interval of 4-6d each time;
(2) land preparation and field planting: ploughing the field to be planted in the deep autumn of the previous year by 20-50cm, ploughing again in the next year by 1-3 months, then applying 5000-sand-mixed fertilizer 7000kg per mu, ploughing to form a furrow and covering a film, punching by a puncher, wherein the hole distance is 40-60cm, transplanting the seedlings obtained in the step (1) with soil into the holes, applying 1-2L of biological bacteria fertilizer liquid to each plant, and taking soil on site to seal the roots;
(3) managing after planting: building a trellis, then drawing the seedlings planted in the step (2) onto the trellis, uniformly separating the melon vines on the trellis in a vine drawing period, keeping soil moisture, carrying out artificial auxiliary pollination in a flowering period, applying 200kg of fruit fertilizer and 400kg of organic fertilizer per mu when young fruits are grown, and stopping irrigation 1-2 weeks before picking the melons;
(4) and (3) pest control: after field planting, weeds are cleaned regularly, ventilation is paid attention to and sufficient illumination is kept, and then mixed liquor which is prepared by diluting 400-fold and 500-fold by adding water into 20-40 wt% of hymexazol water aqua, 40-50 wt% of dimethomorph wettable powder and 60-80 wt% of thiophanate-methyl wettable powder is used for 2-3 times alternately for preventing and treating blight and epidemic diseases; 8-12 wt% of sulfoxaflor is diluted 4000 times by adding water and sprayed for 1-2 times for preventing and treating aphids.
2. The method for cultivating kylin melons as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (1), the nutrient soil is sprayed with a solution of 30-50 vt% formalin diluted with water to 100-120 times and disinfected before sowing.
3. The method for cultivating kylin melons in accordance with claim 1 or 2, wherein in step (1), the nutrient soil is prepared by the following method: uniformly mixing plant ash, diatomite, farmyard manure, wheat bran and unseeded garden soil, and then adding water until the water content is 10-30% to obtain nutrient soil; the mass ratio of the plant ash to the diatomite to the farmyard manure to the wheat bran to the non-sown garden soil is 2-3:2-3:5-6:3-5: 3-6.
4. The method for continuous cropping-resistant cultivation of kylin melons as claimed in claim 3, wherein the mass ratio of plant ash, diatomite, farmyard manure, wheat bran and non-sown garden soil is 2:3:5:4: 5.
5. The method for anti-continuous cropping cultivation of kylin melons as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the biological microbial agent fertilizer is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of potassium sulfate, 10-30 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 20-30 parts of plant ash, 1-5 parts of chitosan, 50-70 parts of corn straw, 10-20 parts of potassium humate, 30-40 parts of trichoderma harzianum powder and 10-30 parts of bacillus subtilis powder.
6. The method for continuous cropping-resistant cultivation of kylin melons as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the mixed fertilizer is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 120-140 parts of calcium superphosphate, 100-150 parts of urea and 10-20 parts of boron fertilizer.
7. The method for continuous cropping-resistant cultivation of kylin melons as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the biological bacterial manure solution is prepared by the following method: uniformly mixing Trichoderma harzianum powder, Bacillus endophyticus, humic acid, monoammonium phosphate and calcium sulfate according to the mass ratio of 30-40:40-50:200 400: 100-.
8. The method for continuous cropping-resistant cultivation of kylin melons according to claim 7, wherein the trichoderma harzianum powder, the endogenous bacillus, the humic acid, the monoammonium phosphate and the calcium sulfate are uniformly mixed according to the mass ratio of 35:45:300:110: 180.
9. The method for continuous cropping-resistant cultivation of kylin melons as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the fruit fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100-150 parts of urea, 300 parts of ammonium phosphate nitrate, 120 parts of potassium sulfate and 2-7 parts of boric acid.
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