CN107836299A - A kind of miniature wax gourd High efficiency and high quality cultivation technology - Google Patents
A kind of miniature wax gourd High efficiency and high quality cultivation technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN107836299A CN107836299A CN201711239338.2A CN201711239338A CN107836299A CN 107836299 A CN107836299 A CN 107836299A CN 201711239338 A CN201711239338 A CN 201711239338A CN 107836299 A CN107836299 A CN 107836299A
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- seedling
- melon
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- wax gourd
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of miniature wax gourd High efficiency and high quality cultivation technology, it is characterised in that comprises the following steps:(1)Seeding and seedling raising;(2)Seedling management;(3)Field planting;(4)Field management;(5)Plant adjustment;(6)Artificial pollination;(7)The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control;(8)Harvesting;The present invention can make full use of facility space, increase planting benefit and economic benefit;In addition, there is preferable improvement to wax gourd quality, yield and disease resistance, implementation result is good.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of agricultural cultivation, more particularly to a kind of miniature wax gourd High efficiency and high quality cultivation technology.
Background technology
Wax gourd, Curcurbitaceae Benincasa is annual to overgrow or the raw herbaceous plant of frame, and stem has rib by yellowish-brown bristle and long pubescence
Ditch, petiole is sturdy, and by thick and stiff hair and long pubescence, monoecism, flower Dan Sheng, the oval column of fruit or near spherical is large-scale, there is bristle
And bloom, seed are avette.The implantation methods of the typically no science of peasant are blindly big with randomness;Especially apply fertilizer, plant wax gourd
Most of peasant is blindly applied fertilizer with traditional mode, not only a large amount of waste of resource, pollution environment, it is often more important that chemical fertilizer profit
It is greatly reduced therewith with the continuous expansion of amount with rate, also results in the overgrowing of wax gourd skill leaf or even cause pest and disease damage to break out and fall
Lie prostrate phenomenon generally existing, comprehensive many factors, wax gourd production cost constantly rises and yield cannot improve, quality also by
Gradually decline.
The content of the invention
The present invention seeks to:A kind of miniature wax gourd High efficiency and high quality cultivation technology is provided, it can make full use of facility space, increase
Add planting benefit and economic benefit.
The technical scheme is that:A kind of miniature wax gourd High efficiency and high quality cultivation technology, it is characterised in that including following step
Suddenly:
(1)Seeding and seedling raising
First presoaking and germinating before sowing, seed is poured into 55 DEG C of warm water and quickly stirred, be preferably maintained in 55 DEG C of water temperature 15min, then
Continue to stir, to water temperature drop to 30 DEG C, stop stirring, continue 8~10h of immersion;After immersion terminates, pull seed out, skin will be planted
On mucous membrane wash by rubbing with the hands totally, drain well after cleaning, wrapped up with wet gauze or wet towel, urged at a temperature of being placed in 28~30 DEG C
Bud, it can be sowed when 60%~70% seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally;One, one cave during sowing, seed is kept flat, and radicle down, the cm of earthing 2.0, covers
Good mulch film, adds Small plastic shed to be incubated, and can add straw screen or mat insulation on night shed again, be emerged with profit;
(2)Seedling management
After planting daytime is kept for 30~35 DEG C of nursery bed temperature, 20~25 DEG C or so of night to before emerging;65%~70% seedling goes out
After soil, mulch film is thrown off, it is appropriate to reduce by 5 DEG C or so of bed temperature, prevent seedling excessive growth;Neat after seedling, 25~30 DEG C of daytime, night 15~20
DEG C, fair weather pays attention to wet down of divulging information;On the basis of sowing water irrigates, seedling stage is dry not to pour, and can be fitted in the fine day morning during water shortage
Amount watering;1 week hardening that progressively cools before field planting, reach the heart of 3 leaf 1, cane is sturdy, the strong sprout standard of well developed root system;
(3)Field planting
First site preparation, basal dressing, ridging before field planting;Every 667 m2Using the kg of organic commercial fertilizer 500 or high-quality well-rotted farmyard manures 1500
~2000 kg add the kg of NPK 50, plough deeply, harrow thin, leveling;High ridge is done, formula cultivation is climbed on ground, and the wide 0.6m of furrow face is high
0.25m, furrow width 0.5m;Drip irrigation pipe is installed after carrying out furrow and covers mulch film, overlay film opens main pipeline valve and fills permeable after terminating;
(4)Field management
After field planting slow seedling it is previous as do not leak informaton, make to keep 28~30 DEG C of day temperature in canopy, night is kept for 15~18 DEG C;After slow seedling
At 25 DEG C or so, night temperatures are controlled at 15 DEG C or so for day temperature control;Sleety weather is met, straw screen or mat and rain-proof are capped on greenhouse
Film;The cleaning of canopy face is kept, to improve the weaker condition of winter-spring season illumination, promotes seedling photosynthesis;
The miniature wax gourd cultivation of greenhouse uses under-film drip irrigation;Root water is poured after field planting in time, growth period selects fine day noon to water, soil
Earth humidity is maintained at 60%~70%;Watering applies nitrogen, phosphorus, 75~150kg/hm of potassium NPK with water punching every time after slow seedling2;
Before blooming, melon initial stage and the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of knot melon peak period combination laxative foliage-spray 0.3% are tied, carries out foliar nutrition regulation;
(5)Plant adjustment
Miniature wax gourd is wide in variety based on main stem result, general more using single main stem training type, grows all lateral bines one early stage
Rule is extractd, up to nutrient balance, to improve commodity melon rate;More than the section of main stem 10 selects and remain 3~4 melons, sit after melon select and remain curcumbitate just, point
Rational 1~2 melon of cloth, the top of last 1 melon stay 5~6 leaf pinching toppings to promote melon;Side shoot, disease are extractd in growth in time
Leaf, old leaf and lopsided melon;
(6)Artificial pollination
That morning 8 that female flower opens:00~10:00 carries out artificial supplementary pollination;Male flower is taken, exposes flower by being turned over after petal
Medicine, the pollen of male flower is lightly applied on the column cap of female flower;A piece male flower can pollinate 2~3 female flowers;
(7)The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
It is powdery mildew that the miniature wax gourd spring cultivates Major Diseases ahead of time, with 72% Du Pont gram, 500 times of liquid of dew or 75% Bravo during morbidity
600 times of liquid sprayings alternately prevent and treat;Rainy days can also be handled with 20% Sukeling Bravo fumigant, each standard greenhouse dosage 75
~100g;In addition, miniature wax gourd Common Diseases also have downy mildew, anthracnose etc., downy mildew early stage is used from early stage
72% 800 times of cymoxanil mancozeb wettable powder liquid is prevented and treated, and 75% Bravo, 600 times of liquid preventing and treatings are can be selected in anthracnose, and one is sprayed per 7d
It is secondary, continuously spray 3~4 times;
Insect pest mainly has aphid, thrips etc., and 10% imidacloprid wettable powder, 300 times of liquid or the 40% clear wettable powder of Ji aphid can be selected
1000 times of liquid spraying preventing and treatings of agent;
(8)Harvesting
20~25d or so, listing will be harvested when melon grows to 1.5kg or so after seat melon;Adopt down with together with carpopodium during harvesting, gently take
Put down gently, be separated by between melon, mitigate extruding.
Preferably, step(1)In seeding and seedling raising, using the three film mulching and planting patterns of " greenhouse+Small plastic shed+mulch film ";Adopt
With 50 hole hole plate seedling growths or feeding block seedlings raising, plug seedling substrate formula, it is according to ratio of weight and number:3 parts of turfs, 1 part of pearl
Rock or vermiculite;Feeding block seedlings raising matrix formulations, it is according to ratio of weight and number:7 parts of rural area soils, 3 parts of organic commercial fertilizers;Stirred after preparing
Mixing is mixed, and sprays 1000 times of liquid of 50% carbendazim and 50% thiram intermixture and carries out disinfection.
It is an advantage of the invention that:The present invention can make full use of facility space, and cultural method is simple and easy, and cost is low, management
It is convenient, planting benefit and economic benefit can be dramatically increased;In addition, utilize the miniature wax gourd of the technology of the present invention output, meat
Matter is abundant, it is fresh and tender it is tasty, commodity is good, while remain traditional wax gourd light taste, functions of relieving summer heat, antithermic, the health care work(for moistening clearing damp
Effect, there is preferable improvement to wax gourd quality, yield and disease resistance, and implementation result is good.
Embodiment
Embodiment:
The miniature wax gourd spring does sth. in advance the variety selection cultivated:Selection is resisted cold, and disease-resistant, meat is good, the kind of strong adaptability, kipeming high yield,
Such as " emerald ", " summer is preced with No.1 ", " mini wax gourd ".Wherein " emerald " outward appearance is light green, oval rod, and meat is light green, tender melon
500g or so;Melon chamber is minimum, meat is thick, fresh and sweet tasty, most preferably fries or do wax gourd cup;Fruit is fast, and long 20cm can be harvested,
Continuous ability of bearing fruit is strong, and individual plant is beared fruit up to 20 a plurality of melons, and cultivation benefit is very high.
The miniature wax gourd spring does sth. in advance the crops for rotation arrangement cultivated:Miniature wax gourd shifts to an earlier date nursery in early March, field planting, June at the beginning of 4 months
The last ten-days period start to harvest.
A kind of miniature wax gourd High efficiency and high quality cultivation technology, specifically includes following steps:
(1)Seeding and seedling raising
Beam-connected greenhouse or the wide standard single steel tube canopies of 6m or similar other simple plastic greenhouses of construction are selected, using " greenhouse+small arch
Three film mulching and planting patterns of canopy+mulch film ";Using 50 hole hole plate seedling growths or feeding block seedlings raising, plug seedling substrate formula, according to
Ratio of weight and number is:3 parts of turfs, 1 part of perlite or vermiculite;Feeding block seedlings raising matrix formulations, it is according to ratio of weight and number:7 parts
Rural area soil, 3 parts of organic commercial fertilizers;Stirred and evenly mixed after preparing, and spray 1000 times of 50% carbendazim and 50% thiram intermixture
Liquid carries out disinfection.
First presoaking and germinating before sowing, seed is poured into 55 DEG C of warm water and quickly stirred, be preferably maintained in 55 DEG C of water temperature 15min,
Then proceed to stir, to water temperature drop to 30 DEG C, stop stirring, continue 8~10h of immersion;After immersion terminates, seed is pulled out, will
Mucous membrane on kind skin is washed by rubbing with the hands totally, drain well after cleaning, is wrapped up, is placed at a temperature of 28~30 DEG C with wet gauze or wet towel
Vernalization, it can be sowed when 60%~70% seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally;One, one cave during sowing, seed is kept flat, radicle down, the cm of earthing 2.0,
Mulch film is covered, adds Small plastic shed to be incubated, straw screen or mat insulation can be added on night shed again, emerged with profit;
(2)Seedling management
After planting daytime is kept for 30~35 DEG C of nursery bed temperature, 20~25 DEG C or so of night to before emerging;65%~70% seedling goes out
After soil, mulch film is thrown off, it is appropriate to reduce by 5 DEG C or so of bed temperature, prevent seedling excessive growth;Neat after seedling, 25~30 DEG C of daytime, night 15~20
DEG C, fair weather pays attention to wet down of divulging information;On the basis of sowing water irrigates, seedling stage is dry not to pour, and can be fitted in the fine day morning during water shortage
Amount watering;1 week hardening that progressively cools before field planting, reach the heart of 3 leaf 1, cane is sturdy, the strong sprout standard of well developed root system;
(3)Field planting
First site preparation, basal dressing, ridging before field planting;Every 667 m2Using the kg of organic commercial fertilizer 500 or high-quality well-rotted farmyard manures 1500
~2000 kg add the kg of NPK 50, plough deeply, harrow thin, leveling;High ridge is done, formula cultivation is climbed on ground, and the wide 0.6m of furrow face is high
0.25m, furrow width 0.5m;Drip irrigation pipe is installed after carrying out furrow and covers mulch film, overlay film opens main pipeline valve and fills permeable after terminating;
(4)Field management
After field planting slow seedling it is previous as do not leak informaton, make to keep 28~30 DEG C of day temperature in canopy, night is kept for 15~18 DEG C;After slow seedling
At 25 DEG C or so, night temperatures are controlled at 15 DEG C or so for day temperature control;Sleety weather is met, straw screen or mat and rain-proof are capped on greenhouse
Film;The cleaning of canopy face is kept, to improve the weaker condition of winter-spring season illumination, promotes seedling photosynthesis;
The miniature wax gourd cultivation of greenhouse uses under-film drip irrigation;Root water is poured after field planting in time, growth period selects fine day noon to water, soil
Earth humidity is maintained at 60%~70%;Watering applies nitrogen, phosphorus, 75~150kg/hm of potassium NPK with water punching every time after slow seedling2;
Before blooming, melon initial stage and the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of knot melon peak period combination laxative foliage-spray 0.3% are tied, carries out foliar nutrition regulation;
(5)Plant adjustment
Miniature wax gourd is wide in variety based on main stem result, general more using single main stem training type, grows all lateral bines one early stage
Rule is extractd, up to nutrient balance, to improve commodity melon rate;More than the section of main stem 10 selects and remain 3~4 melons, sit after melon select and remain curcumbitate just, point
Rational 1~2 melon of cloth, the top of last 1 melon stay 5~6 leaf pinching toppings to promote melon;Side shoot, disease are extractd in growth in time
Leaf, old leaf and lopsided melon;
(6)Artificial pollination
That morning 8 that female flower opens:00~10:00 carries out artificial supplementary pollination;Male flower is taken, exposes flower by being turned over after petal
Medicine, the pollen of male flower is lightly applied on the column cap of female flower;A piece male flower can pollinate 2~3 female flowers;
(7)The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
It is powdery mildew that the miniature wax gourd spring cultivates Major Diseases ahead of time, with 72% Du Pont gram, 500 times of liquid of dew or 75% Bravo during morbidity
600 times of liquid sprayings alternately prevent and treat;Rainy days can also be handled with 20% Sukeling Bravo fumigant, each standard greenhouse dosage 75
~100g;In addition, miniature wax gourd Common Diseases also have downy mildew, anthracnose etc., downy mildew early stage is used from early stage
72% 800 times of cymoxanil mancozeb wettable powder liquid is prevented and treated, and 75% Bravo, 600 times of liquid preventing and treatings are can be selected in anthracnose, and one is sprayed per 7d
It is secondary, continuously spray 3~4 times;
Insect pest mainly has aphid, thrips etc., and 10% imidacloprid wettable powder, 300 times of liquid or the 40% clear wettable powder of Ji aphid can be selected
1000 times of liquid spraying preventing and treatings of agent;
(8)Harvesting
20~25d or so, listing will be harvested when melon grows to 1.5kg or so after seat melon;Adopt down with together with carpopodium during harvesting, gently take
Put down gently, be separated by between melon, mitigate extruding.
The present invention can make full use of facility space, and cultural method is simple and easy, and cost is low, and management is convenient, can be significantly
Ground increases planting benefit and economic benefit;In addition, using the miniature wax gourd of the technology of the present invention output, meat is abundant, it is fresh and tender it is tasty,
Commodity is good, while remains traditional wax gourd light taste, functions of relieving summer heat, antithermic, the health-care efficacy for moistening clearing damp, to wax gourd quality, production
Amount and disease resistance have a preferable improvement, and implementation result is good.
It the above is only the concrete application example of the present invention, protection scope of the present invention be not limited in any way.Except above-mentioned
Outside embodiment, the present invention can also have other embodiment.All technical schemes formed using equivalent substitution or equivalent transformation,
Fall within scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of miniature wax gourd High efficiency and high quality cultivation technology, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
(1)Seeding and seedling raising
First presoaking and germinating before sowing, seed is poured into 55 DEG C of warm water and quickly stirred, be preferably maintained in 55 DEG C of water temperature 15min, then
Continue to stir, to water temperature drop to 30 DEG C, stop stirring, continue 8~10h of immersion;After immersion terminates, pull seed out, skin will be planted
On mucous membrane wash by rubbing with the hands totally, drain well after cleaning, wrapped up with wet gauze or wet towel, urged at a temperature of being placed in 28~30 DEG C
Bud, it can be sowed when 60%~70% seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally;One, one cave during sowing, seed is kept flat, and radicle down, the cm of earthing 2.0, covers
Good mulch film, adds Small plastic shed to be incubated, and can add straw screen or mat insulation on night shed again, be emerged with profit;
(2)Seedling management
After planting daytime is kept for 30~35 DEG C of nursery bed temperature, 20~25 DEG C or so of night to before emerging;65%~70% seedling goes out
After soil, mulch film is thrown off, it is appropriate to reduce by 5 DEG C or so of bed temperature, prevent seedling excessive growth;Neat after seedling, 25~30 DEG C of daytime, night 15~20
DEG C, fair weather pays attention to wet down of divulging information;On the basis of sowing water irrigates, seedling stage is dry not to pour, and can be fitted in the fine day morning during water shortage
Amount watering;1 week hardening that progressively cools before field planting, reach the heart of 3 leaf 1, cane is sturdy, the strong sprout standard of well developed root system;
(3)Field planting
First site preparation, basal dressing, ridging before field planting;Every 667 m2Using the kg of organic commercial fertilizer 500 or high-quality well-rotted farmyard manures 1500
~2000 kg add the kg of NPK 50, plough deeply, harrow thin, leveling;High ridge is done, formula cultivation is climbed on ground, and the wide 0.6m of furrow face is high
0.25m, furrow width 0.5m;Drip irrigation pipe is installed after carrying out furrow and covers mulch film, overlay film opens main pipeline valve and fills permeable after terminating;
(4)Field management
After field planting slow seedling it is previous as do not leak informaton, make to keep 28~30 DEG C of day temperature in canopy, night is kept for 15~18 DEG C;After slow seedling
At 25 DEG C or so, night temperatures are controlled at 15 DEG C or so for day temperature control;Sleety weather is met, straw screen or mat and rain-proof are capped on greenhouse
Film;The cleaning of canopy face is kept, to improve the weaker condition of winter-spring season illumination, promotes seedling photosynthesis;
The miniature wax gourd cultivation of greenhouse uses under-film drip irrigation;Root water is poured after field planting in time, growth period selects fine day noon to water, soil
Earth humidity is maintained at 60%~70%;Watering applies nitrogen, phosphorus, 75~150kg/hm of potassium NPK with water punching every time after slow seedling2;
Before blooming, melon initial stage and the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of knot melon peak period combination laxative foliage-spray 0.3% are tied, carries out foliar nutrition regulation;
(5)Plant adjustment
Miniature wax gourd is wide in variety based on main stem result, general more using single main stem training type, grows all lateral bines one early stage
Rule is extractd, up to nutrient balance, to improve commodity melon rate;More than the section of main stem 10 selects and remain 3~4 melons, sit after melon select and remain curcumbitate just, point
Rational 1~2 melon of cloth, the top of last 1 melon stay 5~6 leaf pinching toppings to promote melon;Side shoot, disease are extractd in growth in time
Leaf, old leaf and lopsided melon;
(6)Artificial pollination
That morning 8 that female flower opens:00~10:00 carries out artificial supplementary pollination;Male flower is taken, exposes flower by being turned over after petal
Medicine, the pollen of male flower is lightly applied on the column cap of female flower;A piece male flower can pollinate 2~3 female flowers;
(7)The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
It is powdery mildew that the miniature wax gourd spring cultivates Major Diseases ahead of time, with 72% Du Pont gram, 500 times of liquid of dew or 75% Bravo during morbidity
600 times of liquid sprayings alternately prevent and treat;Rainy days can also be handled with 20% Sukeling Bravo fumigant, each standard greenhouse dosage 75
~100g;In addition, miniature wax gourd Common Diseases also have downy mildew, anthracnose etc., downy mildew early stage is used from early stage
72% 800 times of cymoxanil mancozeb wettable powder liquid is prevented and treated, and 75% Bravo, 600 times of liquid preventing and treatings are can be selected in anthracnose, and one is sprayed per 7d
It is secondary, continuously spray 3~4 times;
Insect pest mainly has aphid, thrips etc., and 10% imidacloprid wettable powder, 300 times of liquid or the 40% clear wettable powder of Ji aphid can be selected
1000 times of liquid spraying preventing and treatings of agent;
(8)Harvesting
20~25d or so, listing will be harvested when melon grows to 1.5kg or so after seat melon;Adopt down with together with carpopodium during harvesting, gently take
Put down gently, be separated by between melon, mitigate extruding.
A kind of 2. miniature wax gourd High efficiency and high quality cultivation technology according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Step(1)Sowing
In nursery, using the three film mulching and planting patterns of " greenhouse+Small plastic shed+mulch film ".
A kind of 3. miniature wax gourd High efficiency and high quality cultivation technology according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Step(1)Sowing
In nursery, using 50 hole hole plate seedling growths or feeding block seedlings raising, plug seedling substrate formula, it is according to ratio of weight and number:3 parts of grass
Charcoal, 1 part of perlite or vermiculite;Feeding block seedlings raising matrix formulations, it is according to ratio of weight and number:7 parts of rural area soils, 3 parts of commodity are organic
Fertilizer;Stirred and evenly mixed after preparing, and spray 1000 times of liquid of 50% carbendazim and 50% thiram intermixture and carry out disinfection.
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CN201711239338.2A CN107836299A (en) | 2017-11-30 | 2017-11-30 | A kind of miniature wax gourd High efficiency and high quality cultivation technology |
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ID=61663176
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN109741267A (en) * | 2018-12-05 | 2019-05-10 | 西安电子科技大学 | Infrared Image Non-uniformity Correction method based on three sides filtering and neural network |
CN111149634A (en) * | 2020-03-03 | 2020-05-15 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Cultivation method for interplanting bananas and black-skinned wax gourds |
CN111386956A (en) * | 2020-05-18 | 2020-07-10 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Cultivation method for interplanting fruit pawpaw and white gourd |
CN113099978A (en) * | 2021-04-21 | 2021-07-13 | 广西贺州市正丰现代农业股份有限公司 | Method for planting cucumis metuliferus for promoting plant development |
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CN106717909A (en) * | 2016-12-07 | 2017-05-31 | 李军良 | The high-yield planting method of one ganoid konjaku taro perfume wax gourd |
CN106888741A (en) * | 2015-12-20 | 2017-06-27 | 艾华仲 | A kind of small-sized wax gourd cultivation method for premature |
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CN106888741A (en) * | 2015-12-20 | 2017-06-27 | 艾华仲 | A kind of small-sized wax gourd cultivation method for premature |
CN106717909A (en) * | 2016-12-07 | 2017-05-31 | 李军良 | The high-yield planting method of one ganoid konjaku taro perfume wax gourd |
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Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN109741267A (en) * | 2018-12-05 | 2019-05-10 | 西安电子科技大学 | Infrared Image Non-uniformity Correction method based on three sides filtering and neural network |
CN109741267B (en) * | 2018-12-05 | 2023-04-25 | 西安电子科技大学 | Infrared image non-uniformity correction method based on trilateral filtering and neural network |
CN111149634A (en) * | 2020-03-03 | 2020-05-15 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Cultivation method for interplanting bananas and black-skinned wax gourds |
CN111386956A (en) * | 2020-05-18 | 2020-07-10 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Cultivation method for interplanting fruit pawpaw and white gourd |
CN113099978A (en) * | 2021-04-21 | 2021-07-13 | 广西贺州市正丰现代农业股份有限公司 | Method for planting cucumis metuliferus for promoting plant development |
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