CN101743814A - Nuisanceless cultivation method of winter-spring cultivation tomato in sunlight greenhouse - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention aims to provide a nuisanceless cultivation method of a winter-spring cultivation tomato in a sunlight greenhouse, which comprises the following steps: focusing on biological prevention and control; using highly-efficient and nontoxic biological pesticides during the emergence period of tomato pests on the premise of enhancing agricultural prevention and control, selecting a high-quality disease-resistant variety, carrying out crop rotation, deeply ploughing baking soil and applying and corrupting ripe manures and trying to protect natural enemies; and scientifically and reasonably selecting and using highly-efficient, harmfulless and less-persistent chemical pesticides, seriously controlling the safety interval of the pesticides, reducing the pesticide application frequency and reducing the pesticide concentration so as to improve the tomato quality and produce green vegetables.

Description

Nuisanceless cultivation method of winter-spring cultivation tomato in sunlight greenhouse

(1) technical field

The invention belongs to agriculture field, specifically a kind of Nuisanceless cultivation method of winter-spring cultivation tomato in sunlight greenhouse.

(2) background technology

As far back as the twenties in 20th century, just begin to develop pollution-free vegetable abroad, its main mode of production is soilless culture.In New Zealand, fruit vegetableses such as tomato more than half, cucumber are soilless cultures.Developed countries such as Japan, Holland, the U.S. adopt modern water planting greenhouse, produce pollution-free vegetable throughout the year.In addition, aspect the nuisanceless production technology of outdoor vegetable, comparatively deep research and inquirement and large-area applying have also been carried out.

Research and the production of China pollution-free vegetable start from nineteen eighty-two, hold national biological control meeting this year, and Jiangsu Province takes the lead in proposing to replace chemical pesticide control with biological control.Nineteen eighty-three, under the support energetically of national plant protection master station, the whole nation 23 provinces, cities have carried out research, demonstration and the popularization of pollution-free vegetable.Logical research practice is in a few years explored a pollution-free vegetable production art of overlapping integrated control damage by disease and insect, minimizing pesticide pollution.

(3) summary of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of Nuisanceless cultivation method of winter-spring cultivation tomato in sunlight greenhouse, attach most importance to biological control, strengthening cultural control: select the high-quality disease-resistant variety, carry out crop rotation, the roasting soil of deep ploughing, execute under the prerequisite of the muck that becomes thoroughly decomposed etc., use efficient, nontoxic biological agricultural chemicals in the tomato damage by disease and insect emergence period, and manage to protect natural enemy; Select high-efficiency low-toxicity low-residual chemical pesticide scientifically and rationally for use, the safety interval of strict control agricultural chemicals reduces spraying times and reduction concentration, improves the tomato quality, produces pollution-free vegetable.

(4) specific embodiments

One, kind is selected: L402, good powder 15, tomato king, in assorted No. 9.

Two, grow seedlings:

1, sowing quantity: every mu with seed 50 gram

2, seed soaking, vernalization: seed was soaked boiling hot 10 minutes with 55 ℃ of hot water, do not stop to stir, stop to stir when water temperature drops to 30 ℃, pull floating not plump seed and impurity out, continue to soak 6--8 hour, pull out with clear water then and rinse twice, kind of a skin mucus is gone in stranding.Seed is wrapped with wet cloth, be placed on vernalization under the 25--30 ℃ of condition, stir 1--2 every day, sees to spray a small amount of warm water when doing.When showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally, 70% above seed can sow, if bad weather can not sowing in time the time, can be placed on seed under the low temperature about 10 ℃ " crouching bud ".

3, prepare before the sowing

1. nutritive soil preparation: with 6 parts of fertile rural area soils, 4 parts of the fertilizers that becomes thoroughly decomposed mix, sieve, and add 1 kilogram of diammonium phosphate and 1 kilogram of potassium sulphate in 1 cubic metre of composite soil.

2. seedling-cultivating tray: 40 * 60 * 10 centimetres of specifications, 13 seedling-cultivating trays in every mu of ground.

4, sowing

1. sowing time: mid-November--late November.

2. sowing: select fine sowing in the morning, before broadcasting seedling-cultivating tray is watered the water of revealing the exact details, when soil temperature reaches 15 ℃ in the dish, can sow.During sowing seed is put evenly, on cover 0.5--1 centimetre of nutrition soil.After planting add a cover plastic film, soil temperature is reached more than 20 ℃, in order to emerging.

5, seedling management

1. temperature treatment

Period	Day is warm	Night temperature	Ground temperature
				Before emerging	??25-30℃	??16-20℃	About 22 ℃
Emerge the back to two leaves wholeheartedly	??20-25℃	??10-15℃	About 20 ℃
				Divide seedling to slow seedling	??25-28℃	??18-20℃	About 20 ℃
Slow seedling to seven leaf wholeheartedly	??20-25℃	??10-15℃	About 18 ℃
				Preceding 10 days of field planting	??18-22℃	??5-10℃	About 14 ℃

2. water management: if end water abundance, generally do not water seedling stage.Be water evaporates in the minimizing dish, can begin top soil in seed, seedling carries out earthing after all sprouting, 0.5 centimetre of each thickness of earth covering.Before dividing seedling, water once little water, divide keep behind the seedling seeing wet see dried.

3. divide seedling: seedling two leaves carry out the branch seedling when promptly drawing cross.Divide preceding 7 days dresses of seedling nutritive cube, water permeablely, order is put, and covers plastic foil to improve ground temperature, makes that temperature is elevated to more than 15 ℃ in the alms bowl, divides seedling will select fine day to carry out.

4. strong sprout standard: seedling age 80--85 days, plant height 20--25 centimetre, the thick 0.6--0.8 of stem centimetre, tool 7--9 sheet leaf, the leaf look dark green, root system has been covered with whole Tu Tuo, 80% above plant buddings.

Three, field planting

1, site preparation and fertilization: plough deeply soil before the field planting, in conjunction with wholely every mu execute the fertilizer 5000--7000 kilogram that becomes thoroughly decomposed, 50 kilograms of diammonium phosphate, 20 kilograms in urea.Two micro-ridges are played by 90 centimetres of wide scopes in the north-south, and the high 10--15 in ridge centimetre, 30 centimetres of row spacings, ditch is 10 centimetres between the ridge, and big furrow width is 30 centimetres between the ridge, with 90 centimetres of fabric width plastic mulching, two little high ridges, so that the dark down filling of film in winter.

2, field planting

1. setting date: the first tenday period of a month in February are to mid-February, and when 10 centimetres of ground temperature in the greenhouse are stabilized in more than 8 ℃, temperature field planting more than 5 ℃, field planting select the warm head of cold tail to carry out.

2. plantation density: every mu of field planting 4000--4500 strain.

3. field planting method: on little high ridge, beat dark 10 centimetres of planting pits with card punch, fill water in every planting pit, plant seedling, earthing after water oozes by spacing in the rows 26--30 centimetre.

Four, manage after the field planting

1, temperature

2, moisture: behind the slow seedling of field planting, choosing pour seedling recovering water in the fine morning waters to the setting phase control of blooming, and intertills restraining the growth of seedlings, prevents fruit drop.Really long to the walnut size when first fringe, second fringe fruit begins to water during chestnut size, enter the full bearing period and keep soil see wet see dried.

3, topdress: impose fruit promoting fertilizer in conjunction with watering fruit promoting water behind the setting, execute about 25 kilograms in urea or 2000 kilograms of the night soils of becoming thoroughly decomposed for every mu, when really expand second fringe fruit and Sansui, carry out the second time and topdress for the third time, every mu chases after urea 15--20 kilogram, later stage is carried out foliar application in conjunction with laxative, the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of available 0.2%--0.3% or urea.

4, flower and fruit protecting: when inflorescence has 4--5 the flowers are in blossom when putting, with 2 of 15--20ppm, 4-D smears anthocaulus or with the clever spraying decoration of the tomato of 30--40ppm, prevents fruit drop.

Five, the extermination of disease and insect pest

1, gray mold: 1. be stained with when colored to be blended into to be stained with and prevent in the colored liquid because of being stained with infecting mutually that flower causes with 0.1% Sukeling; 2. be used alternatingly 1000 times of liquid of 50% iprodione or 6,5%0,000 mould clever 600 times of liquid control.

2, early blight, late blight: when primary infection focus appears in the field, in time extract disease leaf, sick fruit, and select the control of spraying of 600 times of liquid of 25% metalaxyl wetting powder, 400--500 times of liquid of 64% Sandofan wetting powder for use.

3, leaf mold: with 800 times of liquid of 70% thiophanate methyl wetting powder, 1000--1500 times of liquid spraying of ten thousand mould enemies control.

4, trialeurodes vaporariorum is 1. with yellow plate trapping adult: yellow plate is painted orange-yellow with 1 meter * 0.17 meter fiber board or hardboard, be coated with last layer mucus (No. 10 machine oil) again, after yellow plate lures full aleyrodid, and replacing in time.2. with 1000 times of liquid of 25% buprofezin pulvis, 2000 times of liquid sprayings of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder control.

Claims (3)

1. Nuisanceless cultivation method of winter-spring cultivation tomato in sunlight greenhouse, it is characterized in that seed soaking, vernalization: seed is soaked with 55 ℃ of hot water scalded 10 minutes, do not stop to stir, when dropping to 30 ℃, water temperature stops to stir, pull floating not plump seed and impurity out, continue to soak 6--8 hour, pull out with clear water then and rinse twice, rub with the hands and go kind of a skin mucus; Seed is wrapped with wet cloth, be placed on vernalization under the 25--30 ℃ of condition, stir 1--2 every day, sees to spray a small amount of warm water when doing; When showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally, 70% above seed can sow, if bad weather can not sowing in time the time, can be placed on seed under the low temperature about 10 ℃ " crouching bud ".

2. Nuisanceless cultivation method of winter-spring cultivation tomato in sunlight greenhouse as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that topdressing: impose fruit promoting fertilizer in conjunction with watering fruit promoting water behind the setting, execute about 25 kilograms in urea or 2000 kilograms of the night soils of becoming thoroughly decomposed for every mu, when really expand second fringe fruit and Sansui, carry out the second time and topdress for the third time, every mu chases after urine 15--20 kilogram, and the later stage is carried out foliar application in conjunction with laxative, the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of available 0.2%--0.3% or urea.

3. Nuisanceless cultivation method of winter-spring cultivation tomato in sunlight greenhouse as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the extermination of disease and insect pest, gray mold: 1. be stained with when colored to be blended into to be stained with 0.1% Sukeling and prevent in the colored liquid because of being stained with infecting mutually that flower causes; 2. be used alternatingly 1000 times of liquid of 50% iprodione or 6,5%0,000 mould clever 600 times of liquid control; Early blight, late blight: when primary infection focus appears in the field, in time extract disease leaf, sick fruit, and select the control of spraying of 600 times of liquid of 25% metalaxyl wetting powder, 400--500 times of liquid of 64% Sandofan wetting powder for use; Trialeurodes vaporariorum is 1. with yellow plate trapping adult: yellow plate is painted orange-yellow with 1 meter * 0.17 meter fiber board or hardboard, be coated with last layer mucus (No. 10 machine oil) again, after yellow plate lures full aleyrodid, and replacing in time.2. with 1000 times of liquid of 25% buprofezin pulvis, 2000 times of liquid sprayings of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder control.