CN104429536B - A kind of cultural method controlling tomato root-knot eelworm - Google Patents
A kind of cultural method controlling tomato root-knot eelworm Download PDFInfo
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- 235000007688 Lycopersicon esculentum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 91
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 240000003768 Solanum lycopersicum Species 0.000 title abstract description 82
- 241000243785 Meloidogyne javanica Species 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 241000227653 Lycopersicon Species 0.000 claims abstract 9
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 48
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 240000004201 Lactuca sativa var. crispa Species 0.000 claims description 14
- 235000015802 Lactuca sativa var crispa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 13
- 240000007124 Brassica oleracea Species 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000003958 fumigation Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000003899 Brassica oleracea var acephala Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000011301 Brassica oleracea var capitata Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000001169 Brassica oleracea var oleracea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 97
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 35
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 4
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002540 isothiocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002786 root growth Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000011303 Brassica alboglabra Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000011302 Brassica oleracea Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241000244206 Nematoda Species 0.000 description 2
- UCJGJABZCDBEDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N bazedoxifene Chemical group C=1C=C(OCCN2CCCCCC2)C=CC=1CN1C2=CC=C(O)C=C2C(C)=C1C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 UCJGJABZCDBEDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960000817 bazedoxifene Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000004383 glucosinolate group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000243 photosynthetic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- IBSREHMXUMOFBB-JFUDTMANSA-N 5u8924t11h Chemical compound O1[C@@H](C)[C@H](O)[C@@H](OC)C[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](OC)C[C@H](O[C@@H]2C(=C/C[C@@H]3C[C@@H](C[C@@]4(O3)C=C[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(C)C)O4)OC(=O)[C@@H]3C=C(C)[C@@H](O)[C@H]4OC\C([C@@]34O)=C/C=C/[C@@H]2C)/C)O[C@H]1C.C1=C[C@H](C)[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)O[C@]11O[C@H](C\C=C(C)\[C@@H](O[C@@H]2O[C@@H](C)[C@H](O[C@@H]3O[C@@H](C)[C@H](O)[C@@H](OC)C3)[C@@H](OC)C2)[C@@H](C)\C=C\C=C/2[C@]3([C@H](C(=O)O4)C=C(C)[C@@H](O)[C@H]3OC\2)O)C[C@H]4C1 IBSREHMXUMOFBB-JFUDTMANSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005660 Abamectin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011331 Brassica Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000219198 Brassica Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000219193 Brassicaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FPMIAGPUNXEUCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lythidathion Chemical compound CCOC1=NN(CSP(=S)(OC)OC)C(=O)S1 FPMIAGPUNXEUCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000488874 Sonchus Species 0.000 description 1
- 229950008167 abamectin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000540 analysis of variance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000170 cell membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229960001701 chloroform Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000012272 crop production Methods 0.000 description 1
- OEBRKCOSUFCWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichlorvos Chemical compound COP(=O)(OC)OC=C(Cl)Cl OEBRKCOSUFCWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950001327 dichlorvos Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002650 habitual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009342 intercropping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009335 monocropping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000031068 symbiosis, encompassing mutualism through parasitism Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Botany (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of cultural method controlling tomato root-knot eelworm, by innovation double concave type cultivation ridge, Tomato in Greenhouse special type cropping pattern is set, it is achieved biology lures collection and Biofumigation to organically combine, and reaches to control the purpose of root-knot nematode harm.The present invention does not the most use chemical pesticide, it is possible to effectively prevent and treat root-knot nematode, is substantially reduced the root knot index of Fructus Lycopersici esculenti, improves the yield of Fructus Lycopersici esculenti, consumes energy low, meet low-carbon (LC) theory.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a cultivation method for controlling tomato root-knot nematodes, and belongs to the technical field of vegetable planting.
Background
The root-knot nematode damage is one of the main damages in the production process of tomato crops, and can cause the yield of tomatoes to be reduced by more than 30 percent, even the tomatoes are not harvested completely. In recent years, the planting area of vegetables in protected areas such as solar greenhouses and the like in China is continuously enlarged, the temperature and the humidity of the solar greenhouses are proper, and the root-knot nematodes are aggravated year by year due to continuous cropping all year round. The control methods used are, in principle, the application of chemical pesticides, for example: lythidathion, dichlorvos, abamectin, trichloromethane and the like cannot meet the requirements of modern agricultural development due to the problems of high prevention and treatment cost, serious pollution and the like. Under the great situation that concepts such as environmental protection, energy conservation, low carbon and the like are continuously deepened into the heart, biological control is more and more paid attention by people in recent years, especially after various chemical pesticides are limited or forbidden.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a cultivation method for controlling tomato root-knot nematodes, which realizes the organic combination of biological trapping and biological fumigation by reasonably setting a planting mode, completely does not use chemical pesticides, can effectively control the root-knot nematodes, has low energy consumption and accords with the low-carbon concept.
In order to solve the technical problems, the cultivation method for controlling the tomato root-knot nematode comprises the following steps:
1) arranging cultivation ridges: the cultivation ridges are of a double-concave structure and are composed of 3 convex belts and 2 concave belts, the width of each cultivation ridge is 100cm, the width of the middle convex belt is 30cm, the width of each convex belt on two sides of each cultivation ridge is 20cm, the height of each convex belt is 20cm, the width of each concave belt is 15cm, the depth of each concave belt is 15cm, and the distance between every two adjacent cultivation ridges is 130 cm;
through the cultivation ridges with the biconcave structure, a good environment for interaction symbiosis of the main cultivated crop tomato and the plant inducing root-knot nematodes or the biological fumigation plant is created, and when sufficient biological fumigation materials can be obtained, normal growth and development of the tomato are not influenced, and the yield of the tomato is not reduced.
2) Planting early spring stubbles of tomatoes: the tomatoes are planted on the cultivation ridges in a single-row single-hole single-plant manner, the planting is carried out on the middle protruding belt in a manner of 25cm in plant spacing, the two trunks are pruned, 2 trunks of each tomato are symmetrically distributed in a V shape by taking the protruding belt of the cultivation ridge as a central axis, and the central axis of the cultivation ridge is vertical to the plane where the 2 trunks of each tomato are located;
due to the fact that the tomatoes are planted on the double-concave structure cultivation ridges, row spacing of the tomatoes is increased virtually, the number of fixed planting plants of the tomatoes is reduced, in order to avoid influence on yield of the tomatoes, the main stems of the tomatoes are trimmed by the V-shaped double rods, the number of fruiting branches is increased, shading caused by the fact that the fruiting branches are increased between branches and leaves is avoided, ventilation and light transmission among plant rows are good, the effective photosynthetic area is large, the photosynthetic products are accumulated in a large amount, the plants grow robustly, and accordingly the yield of the tomatoes is increased.
3) Sowing and trapping root-knot nematode plants: and (3) drilling and planting the root-knot nematode trapping plants on the convex belts on the two sides of the cultivation ridge, pulling out the root-knot nematode trapping plants 60 days before the tomatoes are pulled out, removing the roots, intensively destroying the roots, and airing the overground parts.
4) Sowing biological fumigation plants: after the root-knot nematode trapping plants are pulled out, the biological fumigation plants are sowed on the convex belts on the two sides of the cultivation ridge.
5) After the tomatoes are harvested in 6-9 months and seedlings are pulled out, smashing the biologically fumigated plants and the overground parts of the plants inducing and collecting root-knot nematodes in the step 3) to 10-20mm for spreading on the ground, deeply turning and uniformly mixing the plants to a soil plough layer of 30-40cm by using a rotary cultivator, watering and soaking the plough layer after leveling, covering a mulching film, sealing the soil for 20-30 days, uncovering the film, turning and airing the soil for 2-3 days, and adding microbial fertilizer into the soil to arrange the next tomato to be planted.
An optimization scheme, wherein the root-knot nematode trapping plant is selected from leaf lettuce (Sonchus oleaereus L.). The leaf lettuce is susceptible to root-knot nematodes, intercrops with tomatoes at a close distance, traps the nematodes, pulls out the leaf lettuce after a large number of root knots are formed at the root, pulls out all roots as far as possible, destroys the root and reduces the population density of the nematodes.
In another preferred embodiment, the biological fumigated plant is selected from the group consisting of brassica oleracea var. The Brassica oleracea is Brassica of Brassicaceae, contains a large amount of glucosinolates (glucosinolates) in tissue, and can be hydrolyzed by myrosinase produced by own plant tissue during rotting to form isothiocyanate substances with strong volatility and bactericidal activity. The principle of action of the isothiocyanate substances is mainly to destroy cell membranes and genomes and inhibit respiration, so that organisms are inhibited or killed, and the isothiocyanate substances have good control effect on root-knot nematodes.
In another optimized scheme, the cultivation ridge sunken zones are provided with drip irrigation zones for watering the tomatoes. The watering is carried out through the sunken zones of the cultivation ridges, compared with the traditional watering mode of flood irrigation, the watering method can control the locally generated root-knot nematodes within a certain range and prevent the root-knot nematodes from spreading.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme has the following advantages that:
(1) according to the method, the ridge shape and the intercropping mode of innovative cultivation are adopted, natural plants are used as raw materials, biological trapping and biological fumigation are combined, chemical pesticides are not used at all, energy consumption is low, and the low-carbon concept is met.
(2) The invention not only prevents the tomato of the present crop from being damaged by root-knot nematode, but also prevents the tomato of the subsequent continuous multiple crops from being damaged by the root-knot nematode under the conventional planting condition.
(3) The invention has wide application area, simple operation, low use cost and obvious comprehensive benefit, can effectively prevent and control the root-knot nematode, can also enhance the soil fertility, improve the soil structure and improve the tomato yield, and has great economic, social and ecological benefits.
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following embodiments.
Detailed Description
The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Examples
In a certain day light greenhouse in Shouguancity, Shandong province, the culturable area of the sunlight greenhouse is 2 mu, the cultivation area is divided into five parts, each part is 0.4 mu, the parts are sequentially marked as a test field 1, a test field 2, a test field 3, a test field 4 and a test field 5, and 3 batches of tomatoes are continuously planted. Planting the first crop in 2013, 1 month and 5 days, and carrying out early spring crop production. Wherein,
the test field 1 is cultivated according to the method of the treatment 1;
the test field 2 is cultivated according to the method of the treatment 2;
the experimental field 3 is cultivated according to the method of the treatment 3;
the test field 4 is cultivated according to the method of the treatment 4;
the test field 5 was cultivated by the method of treatment 5.
And (4) planting the second crop in 2013, 10 and 1 days, and carrying out overwintering crop tomato production. Wherein,
the test field 1 is cultivated according to the method of treatment 6;
the test field 2 is cultivated according to the method of treatment 7;
the test field 3 is cultivated according to the method of treatment 8;
the test field 4 is cultivated according to the method of treatment 9;
the test field 5 is cultivated according to the method of treatment 10.
Planting the third crop 5 months and 5 days in 2014, and carrying out the over-summer crop tomato production. Wherein,
the test field 1 is cultivated according to the method of treatment 11;
the test field 2 is cultivated according to the method of treatment 12;
the test field 3 is cultivated according to the method of treatment 13;
the test field 4 is cultivated according to the method of processing 14;
the test field 5 is cultivated according to the method of treatment 15.
First, first crop: the tomato variety is bazedoxifene, a root-knot nematode-infected variety.
Treatment 1: the tomatoes are cultivated according to the method of the invention.
Before field planting, arranging cultivation ridges which are of a biconcave structure and consist of 3 convex belts and 2 concave belts, wherein the width of each cultivation ridge is 100cm, the width of a middle convex belt is 30cm, the widths of 2 convex belts on two sides are 20cm, the heights of 3 convex belts are 20cm, the widths of 2 concave belts are 15cm, the depths of 2 concave belts are 15cm, and 1 drip irrigation belt is arranged in each concave belt and used for watering tomatoes; the distance between every two adjacent cultivation ridges is 130 cm; the tomatoes are planted on the cultivation ridges in a single-row single-hole single-plant manner, the planting is carried out on the middle protruding belt in a manner of 25cm in plant spacing, the two trunks are pruned, 2 trunks of each tomato are symmetrically distributed in a V shape by taking the protruding belt of the cultivation ridge as a central axis, and the central axis of the cultivation ridge is vertical to the plane where the 2 trunks of each tomato are located; 1-2 days after the tomatoes are fixedly planted, drilling and attracting root-knot nematode-trapping vegetable leaf lettuce on the convex belts on the two sides of the cultivation ridge, fixing the seedling of the leaf lettuce 3 and 1 center according to the seedling distance of 3-5cm, pulling out the leaf lettuce with roots 60 days before the tomatoes are pulled out, digging out all diseased roots as far as possible, removing the roots, intensively destroying the diseased roots, and simultaneously airing the overground part of the leaf lettuce; 1-2 days after the leaf of the leaf lettuce is removed, biologically fumigating plant corm cabbages on the convex belts at two sides of the cultivation ridge, and fixing seedlings according to the seedling distance of 8-10cm when 3 leaves and 1 center of the corm cabbages are planted; after the tomatoes are harvested in 6-9 months and the seedlings are pulled out, smashing the overground parts of the corm cabbages and the leaf lettuce which are dried to 10-20mm, spreading the ground, deeply turning and uniformly mixing the corm cabbages and the leaf lettuce to a soil plough layer of 30-40cm, leveling the soil plough layer, watering and soaking the plough layer, covering a mulching film, compacting the periphery of the mulching film, sealing the soil plough layer for 20-30 days, uncovering the mulching film, turning the soil plough and drying the soil for 2-3 days, and adding a microbial fertilizer into the soil.
And (3) treatment 2: the method does not plant the plant for trapping the root-knot nematodes, and the other measures are the same as the method
Before field planting, arranging cultivation ridges which are of a biconcave structure and consist of 3 convex belts and 2 concave belts, wherein the width of each cultivation ridge is 100cm, the width of a middle convex belt is 30cm, the widths of 2 convex belts on two sides are 20cm, the heights of 3 convex belts are 20cm, the widths of 2 concave belts are 15cm, the depths of 2 concave belts are 15cm, and 1 drip irrigation belt is arranged in each concave belt and used for watering tomatoes; the distance between every two adjacent cultivation ridges is 130 cm; the tomatoes are planted on the cultivation ridges in a single-row single-hole single-plant manner, the planting is carried out on the middle protruding belt in a manner of 25cm in plant spacing, the two trunks are pruned, 2 trunks of each tomato are symmetrically distributed in a V shape by taking the protruding belt of the cultivation ridge as a central axis, and the central axis of the cultivation ridge is vertical to the plane where the 2 trunks of each tomato are located; sowing biological fumigation plant cabbage bulbs on the convex belts on two sides of the cultivation ridge 60 days before the tomato seedlings are pulled out, and fixing seedlings according to the seedling distance of 8-10cm when 3 leaves and 1 heart of the cabbage stalk seedlings are planted; after the tomatoes are harvested in 6-9 months and the seedlings are pulled out, crushing the bulbous cabbage into 10-20mm, spreading the crushed bulbous cabbage on the ground, deeply turning and uniformly mixing the cabbage with a rotary cultivator to a soil plough layer of 30-40cm, watering and soaking the plough layer after leveling, then covering a mulching film, compacting the periphery of the mulching film, sealing the soil for 20-30 days, then uncovering the film, turning the soil and airing the soil for 2-3 days, and adding microbial fertilizer into the soil.
And (3) treatment: the method does not plant biological fumigation plants or soil, and other measures are the same as the method
Before field planting, arranging cultivation ridges which are of a biconcave structure and consist of 3 convex belts and 2 concave belts, wherein the width of each cultivation ridge is 100cm, the width of a middle convex belt is 30cm, the widths of 2 convex belts on two sides are 20cm, the heights of 3 convex belts are 20cm, the widths of 2 concave belts are 15cm, the depths of 2 concave belts are 15cm, and 1 drip irrigation belt is arranged in each concave belt and used for watering tomatoes; the distance between every two adjacent cultivation ridges is 130 cm; the tomatoes are planted on the cultivation ridges in a single-row single-hole single-plant manner, the planting is carried out on the middle protruding belt in a manner of 25cm in plant spacing, the two trunks are pruned, 2 trunks of each tomato are symmetrically distributed in a V shape by taking the protruding belt of the cultivation ridge as a central axis, and the central axis of the cultivation ridge is vertical to the plane where the 2 trunks of each tomato are located; 1-2 days after the tomatoes are fixedly planted, the plant leaf lettuce for trapping root-knot nematodes is row-sown on the convex belts on the two sides of the cultivation ridge, the seedlings are fixed according to the seedling distance of 3-5cm when 3 leaves and 1 center of leaf lettuce seedlings are in, the leaf lettuce is pulled out 60 days before the tomatoes are pulled out, diseased roots are all dug out as far as possible, the roots are removed, and the diseased roots are intensively destroyed. After the tomatoes are harvested and pulled out in 6-9 months, a rotary cultivator is used for deeply turning over a soil plough layer of 30-40cm, and microbial fertilizer is added into the soil.
And (4) treatment: the double-concave cultivation ridges are arranged, so that plants for trapping root-knot nematodes are not planted, plants are not fumigated by organisms, soil is not fumigated, and other measures are the same as those of the double-concave cultivation ridges.
Before field planting, arranging cultivation ridges which are of a biconcave structure and consist of 3 convex belts and 2 concave belts, wherein the width of each cultivation ridge is 100cm, the width of a middle convex belt is 30cm, the widths of 2 convex belts on two sides are 20cm, the heights of 3 convex belts are 20cm, the widths of 2 concave belts are 15cm, the depths of 2 concave belts are 15cm, and 1 drip irrigation belt is arranged in each concave belt and used for watering tomatoes; the distance between every two adjacent cultivation ridges is 130 cm; the tomatoes are planted on the cultivation ridges in a single-row single-hole single-plant mode, the planting is carried out on the middle protruding belt in a 25cm mode, the distance between two branches is 25cm, 2 trunks of each tomato are symmetrically distributed in a V mode by taking the protruding belt of the cultivation ridge as a central axis, and the central axis of the cultivation ridge is perpendicular to the plane where the 2 trunks of each tomato are located. After the tomatoes are harvested and pulled out in 6-9 months, a rotary cultivator is used for deeply turning over a soil plough layer of 30-40cm, and microbial fertilizer is added into the soil.
And (4) treatment 5: conventional planting method (control)
Planting according to the habitual planting method of local vegetable farmers.
Test methods and data:
and (3) randomly taking 20 plants in each treatment mode before seedling pulling, digging out the plants with roots, cleaning the plants with clear water, grading the root knots of the roots respectively, and calculating the root knot index.
Test results
The root digging observation before seedling pulling shows that the root growth of the treated root system is obviously different from the conventional contrast treatment, 1 treated root system is developed, the fibrous root is more, the root is bright yellow, 5 treated 2, 3, 4 and 5 treated fibrous root are less, the root surface is light yellow, the root system is full of large root knots, most of the roots are connected together, some roots form swollen roots, and the root system is obviously abnormal.
Calculated, the knot index for treatment 1 was 4.56, treatment 2 was 49.82, treatment 3 was 45.67, treatment 4 was 65.28, and treatment 5 was 83.15. Through analysis of variance, the differences between treatment 1 and treatment 2, treatment 3, treatment 4 and treatment 5 were very significant, the differences between treatment 2, treatment 3, treatment 4 and treatment 5 were significant, and the differences between treatment 2 and treatment 3 were not significant.
In addition, after the tomatoes are harvested, the yield of each test field is calculated, the yield of the treatment field 1 is 9782.9 kg/mu, the yield of the treatment field 2 is 8327.5 kg/mu, the yield of the treatment field 3 is 8425.8 kg/mu, the yield of the treatment field 4 is 8169.1 kg/mu, and the yield of the treatment field 5 is 7529.3 kg/mu, wherein the yield of the treatment field 1 is respectively increased by 17.5%, 16.1%, 19.8% and 29.9% compared with the yields of the treatment fields 2, 3, 4 and 5.
Second, second crop: the tomato variety is bazedoxifene, a root-knot nematode-infected variety.
And (6) treatment: and planting tomatoes in the test field 1 after the first harvest according to a conventional planting method.
And (7) treatment: and planting tomatoes on the test field 2 after the first harvest according to a conventional planting method.
And (4) treatment 8: and planting tomatoes in the test field 3 after the first harvest according to a conventional planting method.
And (4) treatment: and planting tomatoes on the test field 4 after the first harvest according to a conventional planting method.
And (4) treatment 10: and planting tomatoes in the test field 5 after the first harvest according to a conventional planting method.
Test methods and data:
and (3) randomly taking 20 plants with roots and digging out each treatment before seedling pulling, cleaning the plants with clear water, grading the root knots of the roots respectively, and calculating the root knot index.
Test results
The root digging observation before seedling pulling shows that the root growth of different treatments has obvious difference, the treated 6 roots are developed, the fibrous roots are more, and the roots are bright yellow; 7, the treated roots are developed, more fibrous roots are provided, and the roots are bright yellow; the treatment 8, the treatment 9 and the treatment 10 have few fibrous roots, the root surfaces are light yellow, the root systems are full of large root knots, most of the roots are connected together, some roots form swollen roots, and the root systems are obviously abnormal.
Calculating to process 6 root knot indexes to be 0; treatment 7 knots index 1.52; treatment 8 root knot index of 72.59; treatment 9 root knot index of 81.03; the treatment 10 knot index was 85.27. The difference analysis showed that the differences between treatments 6 and 7 and treatments 8, 9 and 10 were very significant, the differences between treatments 6 and 7 were significant, and the differences between treatments 8, 9 and 10 were not significant.
In addition, after the tomatoes are harvested, the yield of each test field is calculated, and the treatment yield 6 is 11957.4 kg/mu; the yield of the treated 7 is 11054.2 kg/mu; the yield of the treated 8 crops is 9087.5 kg/mu; the yield of the treatment 9 is 9145.2 kg/mu; the yield of the treatment 10 is 8831.7 kg/mu, and the yield of the treatment 6 is respectively improved by 8.2%, 31.6%, 30.8% and 35.4% compared with the yield of the treatment 7, the treatment 8, the treatment 9 and the treatment 10.
And thirdly, third crop: the tomato variety is Baili, and is a root-knot nematode-infected variety.
And (3) treatment 11: and planting tomatoes in the test field 1 after the second crop is harvested according to a conventional planting method.
And (4) treatment 12: and planting tomatoes in the test field 2 after the second crop is harvested according to a conventional planting method.
And (4) treatment: and planting tomatoes in the test field 3 after the second crop is harvested according to a conventional planting method.
And (4) processing: and planting tomatoes in the test field 4 after the second crop is harvested according to a conventional planting method.
And (4) treatment: and planting tomatoes in the test field 5 after the second crop is harvested according to a conventional planting method.
Test methods and data:
and (3) randomly taking 20 plants with roots and digging out each treatment before seedling pulling, cleaning the plants with clear water, grading the root knots of the roots respectively, and calculating the root knot index.
Test results
The root digging observation before seedling pulling shows that the root growth of different treatments has obvious difference, 11 treated roots are developed, the fibrous roots are more, and the roots are bright yellow; the treated 12 roots are more developed, more fibrous roots are present, and the roots are bright yellow; 13, 14 and 15, the roots are few, the appearance of the roots is light yellow, the roots are full of large root knots, most of the roots are connected together, some roots form swollen roots, and the roots are obviously abnormal.
Calculating that the index of the processed 11 root knots is 1.42; the 12-root knot index of the treatment is 5.25; treatment 13 root knot index of 81.12; the treatment 14 root knot index is 85.47; the root knot index of treatment 15 was 89.66, the differences between treatment 11 and treatment 12 and treatment 13 and between treatment 14 and treatment 15 were very significant, the differences between treatment 11 and treatment 12 were significant, and the differences between treatment 13, treatment 14 and treatment 15 were not significant.
In addition, after the tomatoes are harvested, the yield of each test field is calculated, and the yield of the treated 11 tomatoes is 7601.4 kg/mu; the yield of the treated 12 tomatoes is 7082.7 kg/mu; the yield of the treated 13 tomatoes is 5029.5 kg/mu; the yield of the treated 14 tomatoes is 5126.8 kg/mu; the yield of the tomatoes treated by the treatment 15 is 4833.4 kg/mu, and the yield of the tomatoes treated by the treatment 11 is improved by 7.3%, 51.1%, 48.3% and 57.3% compared with the yield of the tomatoes treated by the treatment 12, the treatment 13, the treatment 14 and the treatment 15 respectively.
Claims (4)
1. A cultivation method for controlling tomato root-knot nematode is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) arranging cultivation ridges: the cultivation ridges are of a double-concave structure and consist of 3 convex belts and 2 concave belts, the width of the whole cultivation ridge is 100cm, the width of the middle convex belt is 30cm, the width of 2 convex belts at two sides is 20cm, the height of the convex belt is 20cm, the width of 2 concave belts is 15cm, the depth of the concave belt is 15cm, and the distance between every two adjacent cultivation ridges is 130 cm;
2) planting early spring stubbles of tomatoes: the tomatoes are planted on the cultivation ridges in a single-row single-hole single-plant manner, the tomatoes are planted on the middle protruding belts in a planting manner, the plant spacing is 25cm, the two stems are pruned, and 2 stems of each tomato are symmetrically distributed in a V shape by taking the protruding belts of the cultivation ridges as central axes;
3) sowing and trapping root-knot nematode plants: sowing root-knot nematode trapping plants on the convex belts on the two sides of the cultivation ridge in a row, pulling out the root-knot nematode trapping plants 60 days before the tomatoes are pulled out, removing the roots, intensively destroying the roots, and airing the overground parts;
4) sowing biological fumigation plants: after the root-knot nematode trapping plants are pulled out, drilling biological fumigation plants on the convex belts on the two sides of the cultivation ridge;
5) after the tomatoes are harvested and pulled out of seedlings in the high-temperature period of 6-9 months, the biologically fumigated plants and the overground parts of the plants trapping the root-knot nematodes in the step 3) are crushed to 10-20mm and spread on the ground, a rotary cultivator is used for deeply turning and uniformly mixing the plants to a soil plough layer of 30-40cm, the plough layer is watered and soaked after leveling, then a mulching film is covered, the mulching film is uncovered after sealing for 20-30 days, the ploughed soil is aired for 2-3 days, and the next crop is arranged for planting after microbial fertilizer is added into the soil.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: the plant for trapping the root-knot nematodes is leaf lettuce.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: the biological fumigation plant is a cabbage bulb.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: the cultivation ridge sunken belt is provided with a drip irrigation belt for watering the tomatoes.
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