CN107455124A - A kind of cultural method of rhodiola - Google Patents

A kind of cultural method of rhodiola Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107455124A
CN107455124A CN201710713422.7A CN201710713422A CN107455124A CN 107455124 A CN107455124 A CN 107455124A CN 201710713422 A CN201710713422 A CN 201710713422A CN 107455124 A CN107455124 A CN 107455124A
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seedling
rhodiola
matrix
seedlings
potassium
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CN107455124B (en
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任东升
邓强
黄进
鲁有均
黄铭
汤勇
王涛
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NUODIKANG PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY Co Ltd TIBET
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NUODIKANG PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY Co Ltd TIBET
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
    • A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
    • A01G9/029—Receptacles for seedlings
    • A01G9/0299—Handling or transporting of soil blocks or seedlings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
    • A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
  • Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a kind of cultural method of rhodiola, it comprises the following steps：(1) fertilising, site preparation, ridging cover ground cloth；(2) field production seedling is prepared；(3) transplantation of seedlings will be planted in crop field：In 4 Mays, ground temperature carries out kind of a transplantation of seedlings when rising to more than 5 DEG C, first punches above ground cloth during transplanting, then rhodiola seedling is put into hole；(4) field management：Watering, top dressing, weeding, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control；(5) harvest, you can.The inventive method can realize that rhodiola mass produces, and obtained quality of medicinal material is stable, yield is high, compensate for the market supply deficiency of wild resource, may advantageously facilitate the sustainable development of Tibetan medicine material industry, have good application value.

Description

A kind of cultural method of rhodiola
Technical field
The invention belongs to Chinese medicine cultivation field, and in particular to a kind of cultural method of rhodiola.
Background technology
Rhodiola Rhodiola crenulata (HK.f.et Thoms.) H.Ohba is that Crassulaceae rhodiola is more Year raw herbaceous plant, is distributed mainly on Tibet, northwestern Yunnan Province, the high gully slope of western Sichuan 2800-5600 rice, meadow, filling In clump, high mountain ruckle and crack of stone.It contains abundant rhodioloside, flavones, multivitamin and trace element, also containing organic 17 kinds of amino acid necessary to body, " plateau ginseng " is described as, is the Rhodiola species medicine uniquely included in national 2015 editions pharmacopeia Material.Research shows that rhodiola has the multiple efficacies such as anti anoxia, antifatigue, cold resistance, antiviral, antitumor, exploitation profit With having a extensive future.
In recent years, with discovery of the people to the medicinal economic value of rhodiola and scientific research value, to big premium The demand of red-spotted stonecrop quickly increases, and the rhodiola of in the market is mainly derived from wild resource, wild under the driving of interests Resource is largely robbed formula excavation so that rare stock number is increasingly reduced originally, and the rhodiola life grown naturally Long slow, seed nature germination rate is low, causes plant endangered, and the development to rhodiola root industry is very unfavorable.Therefore, in order to Ensure the continuity of rhodiola MED SUP, it is extremely urgent to carry out the research of rhodiola artificial cultivation.
At present, the seedling breeding for rhodiola and cultivation technique are still immature, have no rhodiola industrialization Cultivation, only a small amount of cultivation report, but there are problems that in terms of seedling breeding, crop field maintenance management.Such as publication number A kind of rhodiola cultural method is provided for the A of CN 101361446 patent application, carries out field seed seedling-raising first, Then field production and management are transplanted to, not only seedling raising process is complicated, is subject to seasonal restrictions, and every mu of rhodiola yield is only For 150 kilograms, it is necessary to further improve.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of rhodiola cultural method, to solve current rhodiola without legal person The present situation that work post is planted, so as to solve the problems, such as rhodiola crude drug source.
The invention provides a kind of cultural method of rhodiola, it comprises the following steps：
(1) fertilising, site preparation, ridging cover ground cloth；
Wherein, the ridging cover ground cloth method be：The high 20cm in ridge, row spacing 60cm, wide 30cm between ridge and ridge, then will Gardening cloth cover ridge face, in ground buckram corner piece earthing；
(3) field production seedling is prepared；
(3) transplantation of seedlings will be planted in crop field：In the 4-5 months, ground temperature carries out kind of a transplantation of seedlings when rising to more than 5 DEG C, first exists during transplanting Punch above ground cloth, then rhodiola seedling is put into hole；
(4) field management：Watering, top dressing, weeding, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control；
Wherein, the method for the top dressing is：Kind transplantation of seedlings carries out first time top dressing after 1 month, and every mu is applied 15：15：15 sulphur Sour K composite fertilizer 20kg；Later every repetition fertilising in 1 month 1 time, until October then；
(4) harvest, you can.
Ground temperature：The referred to temperature of below ground 10cm depth.
Wherein, in step (1), the soil of the fertilising on the sunny side, physical features is flat, irrigation condition is good, loosing soil is fertile, Sandy loam rich in organic matter；
The method of fertilising is：Apply well-rotted farmyard manure 2000kg and 15 in every mu of ground：15：15 compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 20kg；
The site preparation is to be well mixed fertilizer with soil, depth of soil preparation 30cm；
And/or in step (1), insecticide is sprayed on the face of ridge before covering ground cloth, the insecticide is 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 1000 times of liquid, every mu is used 10L.
Wherein, in step (2), the preparation method of the seedling is as follows：
A, seed sprouting：Rhodiola seed is taken, is seeded in nursery disk base material, watering, fertilising, seed is cultivated and goes out Seedling；
B, seedling separation is transplanted：After emergence, when 80% seedling grows 3-6 piece true leaves, seedling separation moves into new seedlings nursing plate growth；
C, hardening, it is standby；
Wherein, seed sprouting and seedling separation transplanting are carried out in seedling rearing room；
Per in 1kg matrix：Containing streptomyces microflavus 5-10g, potassium humate 1-2g, matrix based on remaining；Base matrix It is 2 by parts by weight:1:1 turf stone：Perlite：Vermiculite forms；
Wherein, every gram of the living bacteria count of streptomyces microflavus >=1,000,000,000；
Content of humic acid >=70% of potassium humate, potassium oxide >=8%, pH 9-10.
Wherein, per in 1kg matrix：Containing streptomyces microflavus 5g, potassium humate 2g, matrix based on remaining；
Or, per in 1kg matrix：Containing streptomyces microflavus 5g, potassium humate 1g, matrix based on remaining；
Or, per in 1kg matrix：Containing streptomyces microflavus 10g, potassium humate 2g, matrix based on remaining.
Wherein, before sowing and before seedling separation immigration, the water of 1.5 times of weight is added in matrix.
Wherein, the temperature for controlling seedling rearing room is 5-25 DEG C, humidity 30%-80%, and light irradiation time is 12h/ days, and illumination is strong Spend for 2000-2500Lx；
Preferably, it is 20-25 DEG C to control day temperature, and night temperature is 5-15 DEG C, and daytime, humidity was 30%-60%, and night humidity is 50%-80%.
Wherein, in step a, the seedlings nursing plate is 50 hole disks, and each hole tray scatters seeds 400；
And/or in step a,
The method of watering is：Sow in 15 days daily to germinateing seedling spray clear water once, have droplet to blade face；Sowing After 15 days, once and dry moisturizing is shown in frequently to seedling substrate watering weekly, every time to be impregnated with matrix；
The method of fertilising is；Sowing 15 days after apply foliar fertilizer weekly 1 time, foliar fertilizer be 0.5%-1% urea liquids and 0.1%-0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphates mix；
Preferably, urea is 1% concentration, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 0.2% concentration.
Wherein, in step b, when 80% seedling grows 5-6 piece true leaves, seedling separation is carried out；
In step c, when 80% seedling grows 1-5 branch, height of seedling degree in more than 3cm and rhizome diameter >=1cm, start Hardening.
Wherein, in step (3), the method for the punching is：According to spacing in the rows 25cm, line-spacing 30cm is punched, bore dia For 6cm, hole depth 10cm；
Wherein, it is tape base replanting during transplantation of seedlings to crop field, during transplanting, rhodiola seedling carrying substrates is put into together In hole, then earthing covers matrix.
Wherein, in step (4), the method for the watering is：A pours root water：One is carried out after the completion of seedling replanting in time Secondary watering, watering will be poured gently, prevented from washing away by soil near seedling and are not advisable with ponding；B repeatedly waters on a small quantity, but not Ponding must occur, to ensure the water requirement of rhodiola growth normal growth；
In step (5), the harvesting is to be harvested in kind of transplantation of seedlings in crop field after 4 years.
The advantages of cultural method of the present invention, is as follows：
1st, during field production using Root growth, gardening by the way of cloth overlay film, effectively prevent rainwater in the seedling early growth phase Disease caused by excessive seriously occurs, and fertilizer conservation water conservation, anti-grass.
2nd, top dressing using by the way of on a small quantity multiple, is suitable for rhodiola in grown in field environment in the present invention Rainy weather, ensure that rhodiola root has the nutrient supply of abundance and higher yield.
3rd, seed seedling-raising method of the present invention is simple to operate, and percentage of seedgermination is high, planting percent is high, seedling early growth neat and consistent, Seedling separation transplanting survival rate is high, and can anniversary nursery and nursery point selection wide adaptability.
Aerial part branch and the equal well-grown of under ground portion root system and be tape base replanting, have when the 4, planting transplantation of seedlings crop field The seedling percent for improving transplanting crop field of effect.
Therefore, rhodiola cultural method provided by the invention, by selecting specific seed seedling-raising parameter and field Cultivation and management condition, it can realize that rhodiola mass produces, obtained root yield is up to 300 kilograms every mu, and And quality is good, the market supply deficiency of wild resource is effectively compensate for, is advantageous to the sustainable development of rhodiola cultivation industry Exhibition, has good application value.
Obviously, according to the above of the present invention, according to the ordinary technical knowledge and customary means of this area, do not departing from Under the premise of the above-mentioned basic fundamental thought of the present invention, the modification, replacement or change of other diversified forms can also be made.
The embodiment of form by the following examples, the above of the present invention is remake further specifically It is bright.But the scope that this should not be interpreted as to the above-mentioned theme of the present invention is only limitted to following example.It is all to be based on the above of the present invention The technology realized belongs to the scope of the present invention.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the seedling that will enter hardening area.
Fig. 2 is the transplanting crop field rhodiola of 1 year.
Fig. 3 is the transplanting crop field rhodiola of 2 years.
Fig. 4 is the transplanting crop field rhodiola of 4 years.
Embodiment
The reagent that is used in the specific embodiment of the invention, equipment are known product, are obtained by buying commercially available prod.
The rhodiola cultural method of the present invention of embodiment 1
First, preceding preparation is broadcast
1st, selection of land
Cultivate place：Linzhi city of Tibet Autonomous Region more Zhangmen Ba Minzuzizhixiang.
Selection is faced south in Linzhi city of Tibet Autonomous Region more Zhangmen bar autonomy of minority nationalities township Tibet medicine company planting base, physical features is put down It is smooth, irrigation condition is good, loosing soil is fertile, the sandy loam rich in organic matter as rhodiola plant plot.
2nd, site preparation
Annual 3 to April carries out site preparation to plot, applies well-rotted farmyard manure 2000kg for every mu before site preparation, adds 15：15：15 sulfuric acid K composite fertilizer 20kg, then site preparation fertilizer is well mixed with soil.Depth of soil preparation is 30cm or so, and site preparation wants whole thin leveling.
3rd, ridging covers ground cloth
Due to the hygrophilous intolerant to waterlogging of rhodiola, therefore ridge will somewhat play height a bit.The high 20cm in ridge, row spacing 60cm, ridge with Wide 30cm between ridge, 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate, 1000 times of liquid, 1000 times of phoxim breasts of mu are sprayed on the face of ridge after the completion of ridging Liquid 10L；Then cloth is smooth by gardening wide 80cm is covered on the face of ridge, in ground buckram corner piece earthing, by the exceptionally straight compacting of ground cloth.
2nd, rhodiola nursery
1st, prepare before sowing
(1) choose seeds
Before sowing, the seed to be sowed is chosen seeds, removes band pest and disease damage and empty flat grain seed.
(2) seedling rearing room prepares
Seed sows the last week, and the light source ensured on culturing rack is cleaned and checked to culturing rack in seedling rearing room and floor And the instrument such as light source timer, air-conditioning, humidifier can normal work, then with fumigant to carrying out nursery in seedling rearing room Preceding sterilization.
(3) seedling medium prepares
Seedling medium formula is as follows：
Per in 1kg matrix：Containing streptomyces microflavus 5g, potassium humate 2g, matrix based on remaining；Base matrix is by weight Number is 2:1:1 turf stone：Perlite：Vermiculite forms.
Wherein, streptomyces microflavus, also referred to as 5406 antibiotic bacterias, every gram of living bacteria count >=1,000,000,000, source：Qingdao seashore is big Bio tech ltd of U.S..
Potassium humate, content of humic acid >=70%, potassium oxide >=8%, pH 9-10, source：Pingxiang City laterite ground humic Sour Co., Ltd.
Seed sows the previous day, takes that seedling medium is put into tun plus 1.5 times of weight of water to matrix absorbs water saturation, with Matrix is fitted into 50 hole trays somewhat compacting afterwards and flattens the matrix on hole tray surface, the hole tray equipped with matrix is moved into educated afterwards Wait to broadcast on culturing rack in seedling room.
2nd, sow
Seed is uniformly sprinkling upon whole cave by the rhodiola seed by seed selection according to the density of each hole tray 400 On disk, then sprayed with thin mouth watering can on one layer of clear water to seed and matrix, seed is fully contacted with matrix.Opened after the completion of sowing Open light source on culturing rack and promote seed quick-speed germination, seed starts to germinate after 3 days, neat seedling after 7 days, and percentage of seedgermination is up to 90% More than.
3rd, nursery indoor illumination, temperature and humidity management
Temperature and humidity in whole seedling stage air-conditioning and humidifier adjustment seedling rearing room, makes day temperature be in 20-25 DEG C, Daytime, humidity was between 30-60%, and night is not turned on air-conditioning and humidifier.The light source opening time is 07:30 to 19:30, often It opens 12h, intensity of illumination 2000-2500Lx.
4th, seedling water and fertilizer management
Daily with watering can to germinateing seedling spray clear water once in after planting 15 days, there is droplet to be advisable with blade face.This section Time does not spray foliar fertilizer to seedling, prevents seedling excessively weak and burn seedlings.
Sowing sprays foliar fertilizer to seedling once weekly after 15 days, and foliage fertilizer formulation is 0.5%-1% urea and 0.1%- 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate times liquid, urea concentration are advisable with 1%, and biphosphate potassium concn is advisable with 0.2%, and each hole tray sprays Foliar fertilizer mixed liquor about 15ml；Weekly to seedling substrate watering once, being all impregnated with whole plug media is advisable, and regards matrix Water regime not timing moisturizing.
5th, seedling prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control management
A disease control was carried out to seedling rearing room seedling in every 15 days, prevention and controls are foliar spray, and pesticide control is with more bacterium Clever 1000 times of liquid are advisable；Pest control management is puted prevention first with to keep sanitation and hygiene and relative independentability in seedling rearing room to be advisable, Supplemented by treatment, mainly based on aphid, treatment method is sprayed with 4000 times of liquid of imidacloprid (10% active ingredient) for insect pest in seedling rearing room Mist is advisable.
6th, seedling seedling separation is transplanted
Seedling separation transplanting is carried out to seedling when having 80% seedling to grow the 5th, 6 leaf in same batch (date of seeding), will Seedling is transplanted into new hole tray again, and new plug media proportioning is identical with former base matter, and each cavities plants 1 plant of seedling, and seedling is planted per hole tray 50 plants.Reduce the generation of disease during kind transplantation of seedlings to transplanting seedling leaching root with 1000 times of liquid of carbendazim.According to kind during kind transplantation of seedlings Seedling size is divided into 3-4 piece leaves seedling, 5-6 piece leaf seedlings and 7-8 pieces leaf or 1 branch kind after seedling is transplanted to different hole trays respectively again In, ensure that the seedling early growth of single hole tray is neat.Seedling from sowing to seedling separation transplant about 100 days used times, seedling seedling separation transplanting into Motility rate is up to more than 92%.
During continued growth 90 days, seedling is moved in seedling rearing room after being transplanted to hardening seedling seedling separation for seedling continued growth Go out seedling rearing room and carry out hardening into hardening area.
The seedling that hardening area will be entered is shown in Fig. 1.
7th, hardening
Seedling is in nursery interior length to there is 1-5 branch, and seedling is highly up to more than 3cm and rhizome diameter in more than 1cm By seedling by hardening being moved in seedling rearing room in hardening area.
Hardening area should possess the ability of sunshade net and preliminary control temperature, be advisable with greenhouse, hardening has taken shading in area Rate is 50% sunshade net, and seedling hole tray is from sunshade net straight line height in more than 50cm.Hardening starts in 15 days that sunshade net is complete Portion deploys, and day temperature opens side form or skylight cooling when being higher than 28 DEG C, and side form or skylight insulation are closed during night 20；Hardening 15 The opening time for gradually decreasing sunshade net after it daytime was not then turned on sunshade net when the 22nd day, and evening side form or skylight are beaten Kai Shi hardenings area temperature is consistent with ambient temperature.Whole about 30 days time hardening phase, ensure that water supply in media is not less than during hardening 30%, prevent from causing seedling wilting dead because of matrix overdrying.Shoot survival percent is planted during hardening up to 94%.
3rd, field-transplanting
1st, punching transplanting
Annual 4 to May, when ground temperature rises to more than 5 DEG C, you can start to transplant rhodiola seedling, covered before transplanting Well on the ridge of cloth, punched according to spacing in the rows 25cm, line-spacing 30cm, bore dia 6cm, hole depth 10cm, the big premium scape of 2 rows is planted on every ridge My god, by rhodiola seedling carrying substrates unfold together be put into hole among, then earthing presses real soil, and thickness of earth-fill cover is to cover Firmly matrix is preferred.
2nd, root water is poured
Once to be watered in time after the completion of seedling replanting, watering will be poured gently, prevent from washing away by soil near seedling And it is not advisable with ponding.
3rd, top dressing
Rhodiola seedling replanting carries out first time top dressing after 1 month, every mu is spreaded manuer in holes 15：15：15 compound potassium sulfate fertilizers 20kg, 5cm deep holes are first beaten during fertilising in plant 5cm place, composite fertilizer is then added, aperture is sealed.After the completion of fertilising It is unified that fertilising plot is watered 1 time.Spreaded manuer in holes later every 1 month composite fertilizer 1 time, seedling has fallen after October, October Seedling without being applied fertilizer again.
4th, water
A small amount of repeatedly watering, but ponding must not occur, to ensure the water requirement of rhodiola growth normal growth.
5th, weeding
Weeding will be accomplished to remove early except small, with regard to remove for the first time when weeds start to sprout after in mid-March, temperature gets up Grass, weeding as far as possible eliminates weeds every time later.
6th, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
Rhodiola insect pest is mainly based on melanonychia worm, grub, wireworm.
Preventing and treating melanonychia worm is uniformly sprayed in big premium scape the dusk time-division with 2.5% gamma cyhalothrin, 500 times of liquid in On its seedling, sprayed every 7 days 1 time, until melanonychia worm is killed completely.
With 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 1000 before playing good ridge and not covering ground cloth also during the subterranean pest-insects such as control of grubs, wireworm Times liquid is sprayed in ridge table, then covers ground cloth at once to kill subterranean pest-insect.
Disease is mainly based on root rot, with 800 times of Zhongshengmycin, 500 times of liquid+carbendazim liquid+procymidone 600 during generation Times liquid irrigating root or A meter Miao receive 1000 times of liquid+agricultural streptomycins, 1000 times of liquid irrigating roots, carry out 1 time within every 7 days, until curing.
See Fig. 2-4 in the rhodiola of grown in field.
7th, harvest
The harvesting of rhodiola is carried out after rhodiola is transplanted 4 years, in annual mid or late October aerial part Carried out after withered, when fine day.
First remove aerial part branches and leaves during harvesting, under ground portion is entirely dug out with hoe, unnecessary soil is shaked off, is transported to Shine dam to dry, then factory building processing is transported to after shaking off remaining soil.During be sure not to wash.
After being transported to factory building, 80 degree of temperature are taken out after drying 24 hours in an oven, with hand that medicinal material is anti-after medicinal material backwash Multiple rubbing, removes the soil and surface impurity being mingled with, and then puts back to 80 degree of drying in baking oven again.Medicinal material is loaded into carton after drying It is interior, it is placed on and dries, stored in the warehouse of low-temperature aeration.
The rhodiola root yield that the inventive method obtains can reach every mu more than 300 kilograms；And after measured, it is red Red-spotted stonecrop glycosides content up to 1.32%, considerably beyond《Pharmacopoeia of People's Republic of China》0.5% as defined in (version in 2015, one), Medical material quanlity is good.
Illustrate beneficial effects of the present invention with the mode of test example below：
The screening of the rhodiola seedling medium of test example 1
In seedling raising process, the selection of matrix is quite crucial, and suitable matrix is advantageous to seed sprouting, promotes seedling growth； Matrix selection is improper, and seed germination rate is low, and growth of seedling is slowly easily dead.
Inventor is screened in rhodiola seedling raising process to nursery disk base material, and other rearing conditions are the same as real Apply example 1.
Matrix formulations and the selection result are shown in Table 1.
The Screening matrix test recipe of table 1 and result
Numbering Matrix formulations Emergence rate (%) 100 days seedling survival rates (%)
1 A 74% 65%
2 A+B1 83% 79%
3 A+B2 78% 73%
4 A+C1 81% 76%
5 A+C2 83% 80%
6 A+C3 76% 68%
7 A+B1+C1 89% 84%
8 A+B1+C2 92% 87%
9 A+B1+C3 81% 74%
10 A+B2+C1 84% 79%
11 A+B2+C2 88% 82%
12 A+B2+C3 79% 70%
Wherein,
A：For the base matrix formula obtained by primary dcreening operation, turfy soil：Perlite：Vermiculite=2:1:1；
B：Streptomyces microflavus, also referred to as 5406 antibiotic bacterias, living bacteria count are more than or equal to 1,000,000,000 every gram, source：Qing Daohai An great Mei bio tech ltd；
B1:Streptomyces microflavus dosage of inoculation is calculated as 5g/kg with butt；
B2:Streptomyces microflavus dosage of inoculation is calculated as 10g/kg with butt；
C：Potassium humate, content of humic acid >=70%, potassium oxide >=8%, pH 9-10, source：Pingxiang City laterite it is rotten Zhi Suan Co., Ltds；
C1：Potassium humate addition is calculated as 1g/kg with butt；
C2：Potassium humate addition is calculated as 2g/kg with butt；
C3：Potassium humate addition is calculated as 4g/kg with butt.
As shown in Table 1, using the matrix formulations of numbering 7,8,10,11, emergence rate (i.e. seed germination rate) is more than 84%； And seedling survival rate at 100 days is high, be advantageous to the seedling separation transplanting of seedling.Wherein, especially with the matrix formulations of numbering 8 most Good, seedling survival rate when emergence rate is up to 92%, 100 days is also optimal, best for rhodiola seed seedling-raising effect.
And when using the matrix of other numberings, emergence rate and survival rate are all relatively low, and nursery effect is undesirable.
Therefore, using rhodiola cultural method of the present invention, under specific Parameter Conditions of the invention, obtained medicinal material Yield is high, quality is good, can realize that rhodiola mass produces, application prospect is good.

Claims (10)

  1. A kind of 1. cultural method of rhodiola, it is characterised in that：It comprises the following steps：
    (1) fertilising, site preparation, ridging cover ground cloth；
    Wherein, the ridging cover ground cloth method be：The high 20cm in ridge, row spacing 60cm, wide 30cm between ridge and ridge, then by gardening Ground cloth covers ridge face, in ground buckram corner piece earthing；
    (2) field production seedling is prepared；
    (3) transplantation of seedlings will be planted in crop field：In the 4-5 months, ground temperature carries out kind of a transplantation of seedlings when rising to more than 5 DEG C, first in ground cloth during transplanting Top is punched, and then rhodiola seedling is put into hole；
    (4) field management：Watering, top dressing, weeding, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control；
    Wherein, the method for the top dressing is：Kind transplantation of seedlings carries out first time top dressing after 1 month, and every mu is applied 15：15：15 potassium sulfates Composite fertilizer 20kg；Later every repetition fertilising in 1 month 1 time, until October then；
    (5) harvest, you can.
  2. 2. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step (1), the soil of the fertilising on the sunny side, physical features It is flat, irrigation condition is good, loosing soil is fertile, the sandy loam rich in organic matter；
    The method of fertilising is：Apply well-rotted farmyard manure 2000kg and 15 in every mu of ground：15：15 compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 20kg；
    The site preparation is to be well mixed fertilizer with soil, depth of soil preparation 30cm；
    And/or in step (1), insecticide is sprayed on the face of ridge before covering ground cloth, the insecticide is 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 1000 Times liquid, every mu is used 10L.
  3. 3. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step (2), the preparation method of the seedling is as follows：
    A, seed sprouting：Rhodiola seed is taken, is seeded in nursery disk base material, watering, fertilising, cultivates seed sprouting；
    B, seedling separation is transplanted：After emergence, when 80% seedling grows 3-6 piece true leaves, seedling separation moves into new seedlings nursing plate growth；
    C, hardening, it is standby；
    Wherein, seed sprouting and seedling separation transplanting are carried out in seedling rearing room；
    Per in 1kg matrix：Containing streptomyces microflavus 5-10g, potassium humate 1-2g, matrix based on remaining；Base matrix is by weight It is 2 to measure number:1:1 turf stone：Perlite：Vermiculite forms；
    Wherein, every gram of the living bacteria count of streptomyces microflavus >=1,000,000,000；
    Content of humic acid >=70% of potassium humate, potassium oxide >=8%, pH 9-10.
  4. 4. according to the method for claim 3, it is characterised in that：
    Per in 1kg matrix：Containing streptomyces microflavus 5g, potassium humate 2g, matrix based on remaining；Or, per in 1kg matrix：Contain There are streptomyces microflavus 5g, potassium humate 1g, matrix based on remaining；Or, per in 1kg matrix：Contain streptomyces microflavus 10g, corruption Grow sour potassium 2g, matrix based on remaining.
  5. 5. the method according to claim 3 or 4, it is characterised in that：Before sowing and before seedling separation immigration, added in matrix The water of 1.5 times of weight.
  6. 6. according to the method for claim 3, it is characterised in that：The temperature for controlling seedling rearing room is 5-25 DEG C, humidity 30%- 80%, light irradiation time is 12h/ days, intensity of illumination 2000-2500Lx；
    Preferably, it is 20-25 DEG C to control day temperature, and night temperature is 5-15 DEG C, and daytime, humidity was 30%-60%, and night humidity is 50%- 80%.
  7. 7. according to the method for claim 3, it is characterised in that：In step a, the seedlings nursing plate is 50 hole disks, each cave Disk scatters seeds 400；
    And/or in step a,
    The method of watering is：Sow in 15 days daily to germinateing seedling spray clear water once, have droplet to blade face；Sowing 15 days Afterwards, once and dry moisturizing is shown in frequently to seedling substrate watering weekly, every time to be impregnated with matrix；
    The method of fertilising is；Sowing applies weekly foliar fertilizer 1 time after 15 days, and foliar fertilizer is 0.5%-1% urea liquids and 0.1%- 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixes；
    Preferably, urea is 1% concentration, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 0.2% concentration.
  8. 8. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that：
    In step b, when 80% seedling grows 5-6 piece true leaves, seedling separation is carried out；
    In step c, when 80% seedling grows 1-5 branch, height of seedling degree in more than 3cm and rhizome diameter >=1cm, start to refine Seedling.
  9. 9. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step (3), the method for the punching is：According to spacing in the rows 25cm, line-spacing 30cm are punched, bore dia 6cm, hole depth 10cm；
    Wherein, it is tape base replanting during transplantation of seedlings to crop field, during transplanting, rhodiola seedling carrying substrates is put into hole together In, then earthing covers matrix.
  10. 10. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step (4), the method for the watering is：A, which is poured, determines root Water：Once to be watered in time after the completion of seedling replanting, watering will be poured gently, prevent from washing away by soil near seedling and not with Ponding is advisable；B repeatedly waters on a small quantity, but ponding must not occurs, to ensure the water requirement of rhodiola growth normal growth；
    In step (5), the harvesting is to be harvested in kind of transplantation of seedlings in crop field after 4 years.
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CN109392619A (en) * 2018-11-15 2019-03-01 遵义三湾田种植有限公司 Seedling raising method of plateau rhodiola crenulata
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CN109392619A (en) * 2018-11-15 2019-03-01 遵义三湾田种植有限公司 Seedling raising method of plateau rhodiola crenulata
CN109845615A (en) * 2018-12-21 2019-06-07 西藏诺迪康药业股份有限公司 A kind of rhodiola seedling medium and application thereof
CN109601274A (en) * 2019-01-11 2019-04-12 四川省草原科学研究院 A kind of method for culturing seedlings improving rhodiola planting percent
CN109601274B (en) * 2019-01-11 2020-12-01 四川省草原科学研究院 Seedling raising method for improving seedling rate of rhodiola crenulata
CN115530058A (en) * 2022-11-09 2022-12-30 西藏诺迪康药业股份有限公司 Planting method of water-cultured rhodiola crenulata

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