CN102511333A - Root-limiting direct-sowing tobacco seedling tray and root-limiting direct-sowing tobacco seedling raising method - Google Patents
Root-limiting direct-sowing tobacco seedling tray and root-limiting direct-sowing tobacco seedling raising method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A root-limiting direct-sowing tobacco seedling tray and a root-limiting direct-sowing tobacco seedling raising method belong to the field of plant cultivation. The seedling tray comprises a tray body, a plurality of seedling cells are evenly distributed on the tray body, each seedling cell is in the shape of an inverted cone, and a water control hole is reserved on the lower middle of the lateral conical side of each seedling cell. The root-limiting direct-sowing tobacco seedling raising method includes direct sowing with the tray, separating the seedling tray from seedbed soil, applying controlled release fertilizer once, and supply atomized water to the upper portion of the seedling tray. The method used with chemical and intermittent water supply and seedling exercising techniques has the advantages that leaf trimming frequency in seedling raising is reduced, down-penetration of root systems is controlled, the length of main roots is increased, amount of adventitious roots is reduced, damage of tobacco seedlings in transplant is reduced, possibility of invasion of rhizome pathogens is lowered, intone resultant of the transplanted tobacco is lowered, and production quality and harmony of internal chemical compositions of tobacco leaves are improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to grow tobacco limit root direct sowing and seedling dish and a seedling-cultivating method, belong to the plant cultivation field.
Background technology
In recent years, multiple tobacco tubers disease morbidities such as most of cigarette district bacterial wilt, balck shank, the black corruption of root are heavier, and on the rise; Simultaneously, the former cigarette in roasting back, part cigarette district, particularly the upper leaf nicotine content is too high, and sugared alkali is than inharmonious, and the cigarette compatibility is relatively poor, and the industrial utilization rate is lower.Research shows that group invaded between an early stage most of tubers pathogen transplanting extremely, and infection way is most of to be that wound is invaded; Nicotine mainly synthesizes the root cap in root system, and nicotine content is directly proportional with the quantity of adventive root, and adventive root quantity is many more, and nicotine is synthetic many more.
Comprise disk body like Fig. 2, common live seedling-cultivating tray, be evenly equipped with a plurality of caves of growing seedlings on this disk body, be provided with bottom outlet in the bottom in the cave of growing seedlings.Common tray seedling growth receives factor affecting such as female bed, water supply, confession fertilizer, pricks in grow seedlings furrow soil or the floating pond under the most of axial root system of cigarette seedling, and root system is less in the seedling-cultivating tray; The outer axial root system of seedling-cultivating tray fractures during transplanting, and the root system damage is serious, and cigarette seedling self disease resistance is poor after transplanting; Various tubers pathogen root systems are invaded through wound, and environmental condition is fit to back tubers disease and concentrates outburst, simultaneously; Cigarette seedling main root will produce a large amount of adventive root after cutting off, and increase the nicotine synthetic amount.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the problem that above-mentioned prior art exists and grow tobacco a limit root direct sowing and seedling dish and a seedling-cultivating method is provided; This seedling-cultivating tray and seedling-cultivating method combine, and can control under the root system and prick, and increase main root length; Reduce adventive root quantity; Reduce cigarette seedling damage when transplanting, reduce tubers pathogen infection chance, and improve quality of tobacco.
The present invention solves the technical scheme that its technical problem takes: this tobacco limit root direct sowing and seedling dish, comprise disk body, and be evenly equipped with a plurality of caves of growing seedlings on the described disk body, it is characterized in that the described cave of growing seedlings is back taper, be provided with water control hole on the lower side on the sidepiece conical surface.
Described seedling-cultivating tray is that polystyrene processes.
Utilize above-mentioned seedling-cultivating tray to carry out tobacco limit root direct sowing and seedling method, the steps include:
1, the grow seedlings selection in place
The place of growing seedlings should be chosen in that leeward on the sunny side physical features is smooth, has a good transport service, and near source of clean water, irrigation and drainage are convenient, and subterranean water level is low, and is pollution-free all around; The site requirements of growing seedlings is not planted the place of growing seedlings of Solanaceae and crop in cruciferae more than 2 years;
Grow seedlings booth and female nursery bed disinfection: harrow loose seedbed table soil, about soil moisture 60%-70%, evenly water beauteously with this of 60 times and to spill in the soil table, medication is 50ml/m
2, 10 days diffusing medicines of rear venting of airtight booth will be harrowed pine table soil 2 times-3 times simultaneously;
2, the grow seedlings preparation of goods and materials
The preparation of flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating goods and materials mainly comprises seedling medium, seedling-cultivating tray, plastic film, shed, coating controlled-release fertilizer and seed;
(1) seedling-cultivating tray is that polystyrene processes, and certain mechanical strength is arranged; Specification is 60cm * 33cm, and 100 hole/dishes are back taper, the about 4.5cm of bore, and high 5cm is provided with water control hole on the sidepiece conical surface on the lower side;
(2) seedling medium, it is to be mixed by a certain percentage by commodity seedling medium and fresh pollution-free cinnamon soil or loess to form, bright soil with after the sieve of aperture 1-1.5 millimeter bright native and commodity seedling medium in 3～4: 6～7 ratios are mixed;
The thick matrix of every 5cm, with 80 times this beauteously solution evenly water more than the 30cm, sealing is stifling more than 10 days, the poison that looses is dried in scarifying;
(3) coating controlled-release fertilizer, for the controlled release time is individual month resin coated controlled release fertilizer of 3-5, wherein, nitrogen phosphoris and potassium fertilizer ratio is 13: 13: 13, all executes in each cave according to every dish 20-40 gram consumption;
(4) water must use untainted running water or edible well water as water for larval nursing, bans use of swag water;
(5) seed adopts the tobacco vernalization capsuled seed of buying then;
3, sowing: sowing time was than early 5-7 days conventional seedbed system sowing time; After the seedling dish installed matrix and controlled release fertilizer, 1-2 grain seed was broadcast with pressing the cave device to press 0.3-0.5 centimetre kind cave in the cave of growing seedlings in each seedling-cultivating tray in each cave, need not to cover matrix above the seed;
4, shop film, balance: on the smooth furrow face of arrangement, lay one deck mulch film or two layers of mulch film, the balance while laying, lay the requirement of preceding ground smooth, do not have a native stone;
5, water: balance supplies water with the spraying facility after accomplishing, and open fire occurs the cave planted agent that grows seedlings, and guarantees the capsuled seed cracking, improves emergence rate;
6, epiphragma, take off film: after the complete cracking of capsuled seed, seedling-cultivating tray top covers one deck mulch film, wants compacting around the mulch film; In time take off film after seed sprouted in after planting 7-10 days, will in time spray water after taking off film, guarantee that matrix has adequate water to guarantee that the cigarette seedling stretches root and emerge, and takes off the film choose opportunities and will confirm according to seedling disk base material water content;
7 water managements
Emerge to the little cross phase: when fine, sprayed once in 1-2 days, but spraying in overcast and rainy 2-3 days once;
Little cross to cigarette seedling envelope dish: when fine, supply water once every day, can use this period the lower water injector of fogging degree to water;
The envelope dish is to becoming seedling stage: want intermittent water application this period, and upper-controlling-lower-promoting promotes the growth of cigarette shoot root system, forms flourishing root system, sprays water once in general 2-3 days, and the degree of control water noon slight the wilting is taken place with the cigarette seedling, and the morning and evening can revert to suitable;
8 temperature treatments
Temperature of shed is controlled at 20 ℃～28 ℃; Emerging to the little cross phase, is main with insulation;
Temperature of shed is lower than 15 ℃, should in time take the insulation measure; And be higher than 30 ℃, should be in time aeration-cooling; Afternoon timely epiphragma;
From the little cross phase to becoming seedling, temperature is higher than 35 ℃, then should in time adopt cooling measure;
9 thinnings and final singling: seedling, final singling during the little cross, guarantee every cave one seedling, the cigarette seedling is even;
10 control seedlings and refining seedling: every separated 9-12 behind the cigarette seedling envelope dish, spray 1000 times of 5% uniconazole P wetting powder, the longitudinal growth of control cigarette seedling promotes the cane cross growth; Transplant and began to take to refine seedling in preceding 7 days-10 days;
11 strong sprout standard: height of seedling 9-12 centimetre, the high 5-8 of stem centimetre, cane is sturdy, is rich in toughness, not frangible; The leaf look just green, no damage by disease and insect, and true leaf 6-9 sheet, lateral root is flourishing, the population growth neat and consistent, seedling age is about 55～65 days, and the single-deck planting percent reaches more than 95%.
In addition, should also be noted that:
The seedling-cultivating tray sterilization: except that new building, the pallet of growing seedlings need be sterilized before use.Spray drenched seedling dish with the formalin solution of 1%-2% or 15% liquor natrii hypochloritis, the stifling 24h of sealing cleans with clear water.
Hand and equipment disinfection: in interior operating process, hand and instrument are with 5% suds washing and sterilizing 5min in sowing and thinning.
Do booth, field health well: no smoking in the booth of growing seedlings and the idler comes in and goes out; Farming is operated diseased plant behind the first healthy tree, thinning, heel in, cut root, leaf-cutting is carried out when no dew, prevents cross-infection; The sick seedling in seedbed and on every side 10cm cigarette seedling taken out of destruction by thinning or fragment; Strengthen seedbed management, cut weeds, in time ventilate the control temperature.
The seedbed pest control:
The canopy both sides increase by 20 order fly nets, prevent that aphid from slipping into, the imidacloprid wp pulvis with 10% or 3000 times of solution reagent spray seedbeds and surrounding environment; Soil insect: with 90% crystal chlorophos system period poison bait or 1000 times of solution sprays;
Damping off: mainly in " cross phase " preceding generation, the 25% metalaxyl solution that foliage-spray is 800 times-1000 times;
Anthracnose: whole seedbed phase, 800 times-1000 times of 50% mancozebs or 50% Tuzet solution, foliar spray 2 times-3 times;
Balck shank: near becoming take place seedling stage; 500 times of solution foliar sprays of 72% metalaxyl-mn-zn 1 time-2 times.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1,, is provided with water control hole on the lower side on the sidepiece conical surface, through control required moisture in control seedling stage and seedling management thereof because the cave of growing seedlings is back taper; The control root system is pricked down, increases main root length, reduces adventive root quantity; Reduce cigarette seedling damage when transplanting, reduce tubers pathogen infection chance, simultaneously; Reduce and plant back nicotine synthetic amount, improve the harmony of tobacco production and value and inherent chemical composition.
2, the present invention live through pallet, grow seedlings that pallet and nursery soil are isolated, the fertile single fertilization of controlled release, the atomizing of seedling-cultivating tray top supply water, and combines chemistry technological with intermittent water application refining seedling, minimizing leaf-cutting number of times; The control root system is pricked down, increases main root length, reduces adventive root quantity; Reduce cigarette seedling damage when transplanting, reduce tubers pathogen infection chance, simultaneously; Reduce and plant back nicotine synthetic amount, improve the harmony of tobacco production and value and inherent chemical composition.
3, tobacco limit root direct sowing and seedling technology is according to cigarette seedling geotropism, to fertilizer property, hydrotropism's principle, and plastic film is laid on top, seedbed, and tobacco seedling pallet interior use release profiles and time and each vegetative stage of cigarette seedling and the coating intelligence controlled release that matches breeding time are fertile; Only need spray clear water whole seedling stage, need not to topdress, and adopts seedling-cultivating tray top atomizing way of supplying water; Guarantee to have in the pallet prescribing adequate nutrition and moisture to supply seed germination and tobacco seedling growth; Spray plant growth regulator and intermittent water application refining seedling technology behind the cigarette seedling envelope dish, upper-controlling-lower-promoting reduces the leaf-cutting number of times; The adjustment root/shoot ratio is cultivated anosis nothing and is hindered strong sprout.
4, this technology has been integrated floating seedling cultivation of fire-cured tobacco, flue-cured tobacco tray seedling growth heeling in technology and moistening seedling growing process, and lower to the requirement of seedling plot of land surface evenness, whole growing only need spray clear water; Need not to topdress, effectively avoid the seedling medium salt marsh, cigarette shoot root system is flourishing; Cane is sturdy, plants the no seedling-slowing stage in back.
5, the present invention combines tobacco seedling actual, and it is theoretical to propose the tobacco seedling root-limiting cultivating first, has certain frontier nature and novelty.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the implementation result sketch map in the present invention (the single cave of growing seedlings);
Fig. 2 is the implementation result sketch map in prior art (the single cave of growing seedlings).
Among the figure: 1 disk body, 2 caves of growing seedlings, 3 water control holes.
Fig. 3 is the root system comparison one of growing seedlings of the inventive method and conventional method;
Fig. 4 is the root system comparison two of growing seedlings of the inventive method and conventional method.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1.This tobacco limit root direct sowing and seedling dish comprises disk body 1, is evenly equipped with a plurality of caves 2 of growing seedlings on the described disk body 1, and the described cave of growing seedlings is back taper, is provided with water control hole 3 on the lower side on the sidepiece conical surface.
Fig. 1 compares with Fig. 2.The most of root system of Fig. 1 concentrates in the cave of growing seedlings, and well developed root system, is solid netted root system.Root system is less in Fig. 2 seedling-cultivating tray, pricks the bed of growing seedlings under most of axial root system, and the outer axial root system of seedling-cultivating tray fractures during transplanting, and cutting off during transplanting increases tubers disease infection chance.
Utilize above-mentioned seedling-cultivating tray to carry out tobacco limit root direct sowing and seedling method, the steps include:
1, the grow seedlings selection in place
The place of growing seedlings should be chosen in that leeward on the sunny side physical features is smooth, has a good transport service, and near source of clean water, irrigation and drainage are convenient, and subterranean water level is low, and is pollution-free all around.Power supply is sufficient, and landform is open, is convenient to set up the standard shed crowd that grows seedlings.The site requirements of growing seedlings is not planted Solanaceae and crop in cruciferae more than 2 years be the nursery place of growing seedlings of doing.
2, the grow seedlings preparation of goods and materials
The preparation of flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating goods and materials mainly comprises the preparation of seedling medium, seedling-cultivating tray, plastic film, shed, coating controlled-release fertilizer, seed, manpower etc.
(1) seedling-cultivating tray is that polystyrene processes, and characteristics are that quality is light, carries matrix and cigarette seedling, and is corrosion-resistant, and certain mechanical strength is arranged.Specification is 60cm * 33cm, and 100 hole/dishes are back taper, the about 4.5cm of bore, high 5cm.
(2) seedling medium, it is to be mixed by a certain percentage by commodity seedling medium and local fresh pollution-free cinnamon soil or loess to form, wherein the commodity seedling medium require quality light, be prone to suction, but poor water, without putrefaction have no side effect.
(3) coated release-controlled fat, the controlled release time is 3-5 month resin coated controlled release fertilizer.Nitrogen phosphoris and potassium fertilizer ratio is about 13: 13: 13.
(4) water must use untainted running water or edible well water as water for larval nursing, bans use of swag water.
(5) seed, the unified tobacco vernalization capsuled seed of buying then that adopts.
3, matrix preparation: get fresh clean yellow soil, with mixing bright soil and commodity seedling medium by a certain percentage after the sieve of aperture 1-1.5 millimeter, mixed ratio was generally 3: 7 or 4: 6.
4, controlled release is fertile uses: according to every dish 20-40 gram (0.2-0.4 gram/cave) consumption, per 50 dishes mix with the matrix for preparing for the unit, and sabot gets final product.Requirement is abundant, even during sabot, tightness is moderate, and matrix is filled naturally in the cave, crosses the quantity of emerging that pine or tension all can influence the cigarette seedling.
5, sowing: according to weather conditions and rationally definite sowing time of transfer phase, sowing time was than early 5-7 days conventional seedbed system sowing time.After the seedling dish installed matrix and controlled release fertilizer, 1-2 grain seed was broadcast with pressing the cave device to press 0.3-0.5 centimetre kind cave in the cave of growing seedlings in each seedling-cultivating tray in each cave, need not to cover matrix above the seed.
6, shop film, balance: on the smooth furrow face of arrangement, lay one deck mulch film or two films, the balance while laying, lay preceding ground require smooth, do not have native stone, prevent the plastic film damage.
7, water: after balance was accomplished, the special use spraying facility high with fogging degree, that water yield is big supplied water, and in the cave of growing seedlings, open fire occurs, guarantees the capsuled seed cracking, improves emergence rate.
8, epiphragma, take off film: after watering sufficient water, the complete cracking of capsuled seed, the pallet top of growing seedlings covers one deck mulch film, wants compacting around the mulch film, improves the moisture-heat preservation effect, shortens seedling-growing time, improves emergence rate and regularity; In time take off film after seed sprouted in after planting 7-10 days, will in time spray water after taking off film, guarantee that matrix has adequate water to guarantee that the cigarette seedling stretches root and emerge, and takes off the film choose opportunities and will rationally confirm according to seedling disk base material water content.
9 water managements
Emerge to the little cross phase: according to factors such as weather, nutrition soil water content, rationally confirm watering time, when fine, sprayed once in 1-2 days, but spraying in overcast and rainy 2-3 days once, must use this period the high spraying apparatus of fogging degree to water.
Little cross to cigarette seedling envelope dish: be that the cigarette seedling needs the water critical period this period, when fine, supply water once every day, can use this period the lower water injector of fogging degree to water, but hydraulic pressure can not be excessive, prevents that the cigarette seedling from being gone out by water.
The envelope dish is to becoming seedling stage: be that the cigarette seedling is underground, grow the critical period in the ground this period, and the high pin seedling of the improper easy formation of moisture Control is unfavorable for cultivating strong sprout.Want intermittent water application this period, and upper-controlling-lower-promoting promotes the growth of cigarette shoot root system, forms flourishing root system, sprays water once in general 2-3 days, and the degree of control water noon slight the wilting is taken place with the cigarette seedling, and the morning and evening can revert to suitable.
10 temperature treatments: temperature of shed is controlled at 20 ℃～28 ℃.Emerging to the little cross phase, is main with insulation.Temperature of shed is lower than 15 ℃, should in time take the insulation measure.And be higher than 30 ℃, should be in time aeration-cooling; Afternoon timely epiphragma.From the little cross phase to becoming seedling, temperature is higher than 35 ℃, then should in time adopt ventilations, takes a breath, shades, method such as water spray lowers the temperature.
11 thinnings and final singling: seedling, final singling during the little cross, guarantee every cave one seedling, the cigarette seedling is even.Note keeping the consistent of seedbed health and cigarette seedling during the thinning final singling.
12 control seedlings and refining seedling: every separated 9-12 behind the cigarette seedling envelope dish, spray 1000 times of 5% uniconazole P wetting powder, the longitudinal growth of control cigarette seedling promotes the cane cross growth.Transplant and began to take to control measure refining seedlings such as water, ventilation round the clock in preceding 7 days-10 days.
13 extermination of disease and insect pest:
Booth and female nursery bed disinfection 13.1 grow seedlings: harrow loose seedbed table soil, about soil moisture 60%-70%, evenly water beauteously with this of 60 times and to spill in the soil table, medication is 50ml/m
2, 10 days diffusing medicines of rear venting of airtight booth will be harrowed pine table soil 2 times-3 times simultaneously.
13.2 the seedling-cultivating tray sterilization: except that new building, the pallet of growing seedlings need be sterilized before use.Spray drenched seedling dish with the formalin solution of 1%-2% or 15% liquor natrii hypochloritis, the stifling 24h of sealing cleans with clear water.
13.3 nutrition soil disinfection: the thick nutrition of every 5cm soil, with 80 times this beauteously solution evenly water more than the 30cm, seal more than the stifling 10d, scarifying dry loose malicious.
13.4 hand and equipment disinfection: in the operating process such as sowing, thinning, hand and instrument are with 5% suds washing and sterilizing 5min.
13.5 do booth, field health well: no smoking in the booth of growing seedlings and the idler comes in and goes out; Farming is operated diseased plant behind the first healthy tree, thinning, heels in, cuts root, leaf-cutting etc. and when no dew, carry out, and prevents cross-infection; The sick seedling in seedbed and on every side 10cm cigarette seedling taken out of destruction by thinning, fragment etc.; Strengthen seedbed management, cut weeds, in time ventilate the control temperature.
13.6 seedbed pest control
The canopy both sides increase by 20 order fly nets, prevent that aphid from slipping into, the imidacloprid wp pulvis with 10% 3000 times of reagent spray seedbed and surrounding environment such as solution; Soil insect: with 90% crystal chlorophos system period poison bait or 1000 times of solution sprays; Damping off: mainly in " cross phase " preceding generation, the 25% metalaxyl solution that foliage-spray is 800 times-1000 times; Anthracnose: whole seedbed phase, 800 times-1000 times of 50% mancozebs or 50% Tuzet solution, foliar spray 2 times-3 times; Balck shank: near becoming take place seedling stage.500 times of solution foliar sprays of 72% metalaxyl-mn-zn 1 time-2 times.
14 strong sprout standard
Height of seedling 9-12 centimetre, the high 6-8 of stem centimetre (NC89 is about 5 centimetres), cane is sturdy, is rich in toughness, not frangible; The leaf look just green, no damage by disease and insect, and true leaf 6-9 sheet, lateral root is flourishing, the population growth neat and consistent, seedling age is about 55～65 days, and the single-deck planting percent reaches more than 95%.
Tobacco limit root direct sowing and seedling technology is according to cigarette seedling geotropism, to fertilizer property, hydrotropism's principle, and plastic film is laid on top, seedbed, and tobacco seedling pallet interior use release profiles and time and each vegetative stage of cigarette seedling and the coating intelligence controlled release that matches breeding time are fertile; Only need spray clear water whole seedling stage, need not to topdress, and adopts seedling-cultivating tray top atomizing way of supplying water; Guarantee to have in the pallet prescribing adequate nutrition and moisture to supply seed germination and tobacco seedling growth; Spray plant growth regulator and intermittent water application refining seedling technology behind the cigarette seedling envelope dish, upper-controlling-lower-promoting reduces the leaf-cutting number of times; The adjustment root/shoot ratio is cultivated anosis nothing and is hindered strong sprout.Fig. 3 is the root system comparison one of growing seedlings of the inventive method and conventional method; Fig. 4 is the root system comparison two of growing seedlings of the inventive method and conventional method.Can find out that from Fig. 3, Fig. 4 root system of the present invention obviously is superior to conventional method and grows seedlings,, can produce huge economic benefit and social benefit through practical proof:
(1) saving is grown seedlings the fertilising recruitment more than 50%
Tray seedling growth or floating seedlings adopt the nutrient solution fertilizer practice mostly now; Between whole nursery stage, to add fertile 2～5 times; Waste time and energy, increase cost, and the fertile applied once of controlled release just can satisfy the nutrient requirement of cigarette seedling whole growing; Therefore fertilising operation number of times and labor savings can be reduced, thereby the fertilising operating cost can be reduced.
(2) saving is grown seedlings fertilizer cost more than 40%
Nutrient solution fertilising availability is generally very low, and according to research, this season availability is about 30%～35%, has a large portion not play a role in the visible fertilizer.Cigarette seedling controlled release fertilizer can be controlled the release of nutrient; The release and the cigarette seedling demand of nutrient are matched, and this season availability reaches more than 60%, and the nutrient that discharges can satisfy the needs that the cigarette strain absorbs; Unlikely again causing poisoned and waste, saves fertilizer amount more than one times.
(3) quality of growing seedlings obviously improves
Nutrient solution fertilising, most of cigarette shoot root are pricked in female bed soil or the floating pond under being, most of root system damage during transplanting; Be unfavorable for cultivating anosis strong sprout, this technical guarantee have prescribing adequate nutrition and moisture to supply the cigarette seedling to absorb in the pallet of growing seedlings, and technological through spray plant growth regulator and intermittent water application; Upper-controlling-lower-promoting; Reduce the leaf-cutting number of times, the adjustment root/shoot ratio is hindered strong sprout thereby cultivate anosis nothing.
(4) flue-cured tobacco land for growing field crops tubers disease significantly reduces.
This technology effectively limits cigarette shoot root system bundle down, wound quantity when reducing the cigarette transplantation of seedlings, and simultaneously, the fertile release fertility that continues of coating intelligence controlled release promotes tobacco seedling growth after the cigarette transplantation of seedlings, shortens transplanting seedling time, improves cigarette strain resistance, reduces the chance that infects of tubers pathogen.
(5) can significantly reduce the upper tobacco leaf nicotine content
This technology can effectively limit cigarette shoot root system and prick down, increases cigarette seedling main root length, and axial root system fractures and plants back adventive root quantity when reducing the cigarette transplantation of seedlings, reduces nicotine content.
Claims (7)
1. tobacco limit root direct sowing and seedling dish comprises disk body, is evenly equipped with a plurality of grooves of growing seedlings on the described disk body, it is characterized in that the described groove of growing seedlings is back taper, is provided with water control hole on the lower side on the sidepiece conical surface.
2. tobacco limit root direct sowing and seedling dish according to claim 1 is characterized in that described seedling-cultivating tray is that polystyrene processes.
3. utilize above-mentioned seedling-cultivating tray to carry out tobacco limit root direct sowing and seedling method, it is characterized in that, comprise the steps to be:
1), the grow seedlings selection in place
The place of growing seedlings should be chosen in that leeward on the sunny side physical features is smooth, has a good transport service, and near source of clean water, irrigation and drainage are convenient, and subterranean water level is low, and is pollution-free all around; The site requirements of growing seedlings is not planted the place of growing seedlings of Solanaceae and crop in cruciferae more than 2 years;
Grow seedlings booth and female nursery bed disinfection: harrow loose seedbed table soil, about soil moisture 60%-70%, evenly water beauteously with this of 60 times and to spill in the soil table, medication is 50ml/m
2, 10 days diffusing medicines of rear venting of airtight booth will be harrowed pine table soil 2 times-3 times simultaneously;
2), the grow seedlings preparation of goods and materials
The preparation of flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating goods and materials mainly comprises seedling medium, seedling-cultivating tray, plastic film, shed, coating controlled-release fertilizer and seed;
(1) seedling-cultivating tray is that polystyrene processes, and certain mechanical strength is arranged; Specification is 60cm * 33cm, and 100 hole/dishes are back taper, the about 4.5cm of bore, and high 5cm is provided with water control hole on the sidepiece conical surface on the lower side;
(2) seedling medium, it is to be mixed by a certain percentage by commodity seedling medium and fresh pollution-free cinnamon soil or loess to form, bright soil with after the sieve of aperture 1-1.5 millimeter bright native and commodity seedling medium in 3～4: 6～7 ratios are mixed;
The thick matrix of every 5cm, with 80 times this beauteously solution evenly water more than the 30cm, sealing is stifling more than 10 days, the poison that looses is dried in scarifying;
(3) coating controlled-release fertilizer, for the controlled release time is individual month resin coated controlled release fertilizer of 3-5, wherein, nitrogen phosphoris and potassium fertilizer ratio is 13: 13: 13, all executes in each cave according to every dish 20-40 gram consumption;
(4) water must use untainted running water or edible well water as water for larval nursing, bans use of swag water;
(5) seed adopts the tobacco vernalization capsuled seed of buying then;
3), sowing: sowing time was than early 5-7 days conventional seedbed system sowing time; After the seedling dish installed matrix and controlled release fertilizer, 1-2 grain seed was broadcast with pressing the cave device to press 0.3-0.5 centimetre kind cave in the cave of growing seedlings in each seedling-cultivating tray in each cave, need not to cover matrix above the seed;
4), shop film, balance: on the smooth furrow face of arrangement, lay one deck mulch film or two layers of mulch film, the balance while laying, lay the requirement of preceding ground smooth, do not have a native stone;
5), water: balance supplies water with the spraying facility after accomplishing, and open fire occurs the cave planted agent that grows seedlings, and guarantees the capsuled seed cracking, improves emergence rate;
6), epiphragma, take off film: after the complete cracking of capsuled seed, seedling-cultivating tray top covers one deck mulch film, wants compacting around the mulch film; In time take off film after seed sprouted in after planting 7-10 days, will in time spray water after taking off film, guarantee that matrix has adequate water to guarantee that the cigarette seedling stretches root and emerge, and takes off the film choose opportunities and will confirm according to seedling disk base material water content;
7) water management
Emerge to the little cross phase: when fine, sprayed once in 1-2 days, but spraying in overcast and rainy 2-3 days once;
Little cross to cigarette seedling envelope dish: when fine, supply water once every day, can use this period the lower water injector of fogging degree to water;
The envelope dish is to becoming seedling stage: want intermittent water application this period, and upper-controlling-lower-promoting promotes the growth of cigarette shoot root system, forms flourishing root system, sprays water once in general 2-3 days, and the degree of control water noon slight the wilting is taken place with the cigarette seedling, and the morning and evening can revert to suitable;
8) temperature treatment
Temperature of shed is controlled at 20 ℃～28 ℃; Emerging to the little cross phase, is main with insulation;
Temperature of shed is lower than 15 ℃, should in time take the insulation measure; And be higher than 30 ℃, should be in time aeration-cooling; Afternoon timely epiphragma;
From the little cross phase to becoming seedling, temperature is higher than 35 ℃, then should in time adopt cooling measure;
9) thinning and final singling: seedling, final singling during the little cross, guarantee every cave one seedling, the cigarette seedling is even;
10) control seedling and refining seedling: every separated 9-12 behind the cigarette seedling envelope dish, spray 1000 times of 5% uniconazole P wetting powder, the longitudinal growth of control cigarette seedling promotes the cane cross growth; Transplant and began to take to refine seedling in preceding 7 days-10 days;
11) strong sprout standard: height of seedling 9-12 centimetre, the high 5-8 of stem centimetre, cane is sturdy, is rich in toughness, not frangible; The leaf look just green, no damage by disease and insect, and true leaf 6-9 sheet, lateral root is flourishing, the population growth neat and consistent, seedling age is about 55～65 days, and the single-deck planting percent reaches more than 95%.
4. method according to claim 3 is characterized in that, except that new building, the pallet of growing seedlings need be sterilized before use.Spray drenched seedling dish with the formalin solution of 1%-2% or 15% liquor natrii hypochloritis, the stifling 24h of sealing cleans with clear water.
5. method according to claim 4 is characterized in that, in interior operating process, hand and instrument are with 5% suds washing and sterilizing 5min in sowing and thinning.
6. method according to claim 5 is characterized in that, no smoking in the booth of growing seedlings and the idler comes in and goes out; Farming is operated diseased plant behind the first healthy tree, thinning, heel in, cut root, leaf-cutting is carried out when no dew, prevents cross-infection; The sick seedling in seedbed and on every side 10cm cigarette seedling taken out of destruction by thinning or fragment; Strengthen seedbed management, cut weeds, in time ventilate the control temperature.
7. method according to claim 6 is characterized in that, the seedbed pest control:
The canopy both sides increase by 20 order fly nets, prevent that aphid from slipping into, the imidacloprid wp pulvis with 10% or 3000 times of solution reagent spray seedbeds and surrounding environment; Soil insect: with 90% crystal chlorophos system period poison bait or 1000 times of solution sprays;
Damping off: mainly in " cross phase " preceding generation, the 25% metalaxyl solution that foliage-spray is 800 times-1000 times;
Anthracnose: whole seedbed phase, 800 times-1000 times of 50% mancozebs or 50% Tuzet solution, foliar spray 2 times-3 times;
Balck shank: near becoming take place seedling stage; 500 times of solution foliar sprays of 72% metalaxyl-mn-zn 1 time-2 times.
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| CN103918444A (en) * | 2014-04-14 | 2014-07-16 | 中国农业科学院烟草研究所 | Tobacco cultivation method |
| CN103931396A (en) * | 2014-04-15 | 2014-07-23 | 湖南省安邦农业研究院 | Crop direct seeding method |
| CN103947431A (en) * | 2014-05-04 | 2014-07-30 | 福建省烟草公司三明市公司 | Method for culturing seedlings with strong taproots in tobacco cultivation |
| CN104041353A (en) * | 2014-07-02 | 2014-09-17 | 山东临沂烟草有限公司 | Preparation method for tobacco root limiting direct seeding cultivation plate |
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