CN114885706A - Three-dimensional seedling raising device and method for flue-cured tobacco - Google Patents
Three-dimensional seedling raising device and method for flue-cured tobacco Download PDFInfo
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- CN114885706A CN114885706A CN202210508669.6A CN202210508669A CN114885706A CN 114885706 A CN114885706 A CN 114885706A CN 202210508669 A CN202210508669 A CN 202210508669A CN 114885706 A CN114885706 A CN 114885706A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
- A01G9/029—Receptacles for seedlings
- A01G9/0293—Seed or shoot receptacles
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C23/00—Distributing devices specially adapted for liquid manure or other fertilising liquid, including ammonia, e.g. transport tanks or sprinkling wagons
- A01C23/04—Distributing under pressure; Distributing mud; Adaptation of watering systems for fertilising-liquids
- A01C23/047—Spraying of liquid fertilisers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/14—Greenhouses
- A01G9/1423—Greenhouse bench structures
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/24—Devices or systems for heating, ventilating, regulating temperature, illuminating, or watering, in greenhouses, forcing-frames, or the like
- A01G9/247—Watering arrangements
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
Abstract
The invention discloses a three-dimensional flue-cured tobacco seedling raising device and a seedling raising method thereof, and the three-dimensional flue-cured tobacco seedling raising device comprises a seedling raising tray, a base and a seedling raising tray placing frame, wherein the seedling raising tray comprises a seedling raising ring plate and seedling raising holes, the seedling raising ring plate is arranged on the seedling raising tray, the seedling raising holes are uniformly formed in the seedling raising ring plate, a seedling raising ring plate supporting table is arranged at the top of the seedling tray placing frame, the seedling raising tray is placed on the seedling tray placing frame, a main water supply pipe is arranged in the middle of the seedling tray placing frame, a water spraying ring pipe is arranged below the seedling raising ring plate, the water spraying ring pipe is communicated with the main water supply pipe through water supply branch pipes, nozzles are arranged at the tops of the water spraying ring pipes at equal intervals, and the bottom end of the main water supply pipe is connected with a water pump. The invention provides water and nutrient needed by the growth of tobacco seedlings in an intermittent spraying mode to the bottom of a seedling tray, namely the roots of the tobacco seedlings, thereby avoiding the direct contact of nutrient solution and tobacco seedling leaves and greatly improving the utilization rate of water and fertilizer. Meanwhile, the seedling culturing holes in the seedling culturing plate can be arranged in a terrace shape, so that the adjacent rows of the seedling culturing holes are staggered in space, the space utilization rate is high, the tobacco seedling individuals can grow fully, and the uniformity of the tobacco seedlings is high.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plant seed seedling, in particular to a three-dimensional flue-cured tobacco seedling raising device and a seedling raising method thereof.
Background
In recent years, flue-cured tobacco seedling raising in China is mainly carried out by flue-cured tobacco co-operating companies or seedling raising owners in specialized, commercialized and intensive modes, and the seedling raising modes mainly adopt floating seedling raising, wet seedling raising and air whole-root seedling raising. The seedling raising technologies play an important role in improving the seedling raising efficiency and the seedling raising quality, but with the deepening of popularization and application, some problems are gradually exposed, most of seedling raising plates used in floating seedling raising, wet seedling raising and air whole-root seedling raising are polystyrene foam plates or PC plastic floppy plates, the strength is low, the service life is short, and the environmental pollution is large after the seedling raising plates are discarded for 2-3 years; seedling holes in the seedling raising tray are all on the same plane, the space utilization rate is not high, the growth space of tobacco seedlings after seedling emergence is small, and high-foot seedlings are easy to form in the later stage of seedling raising; the tobacco seedlings compete with each other for growth space, the tobacco seedlings which emerge later are in disadvantage in competition, and strong seedlings are difficult to form finally; the reason is that the strong seedling rate is not high.
After the floating seedling raising and wet seedling raising (early stage) seedling raising plates are sowed, the seedling raising plates are always immersed in the nutrient solution, the seedling raising matrix is soaked in water for a long time, the nutrient solution surface is exposed in the air for a long time, and algae are easily bred on the surface of the matrix and in the nutrient solution to induce diseases; the seedling holes are mostly quadrangular pyramids, the volume of the seedling holes is 10-18 cm3, the root system growth is limited, the root system volume is small, the contact surface between the root system and soil is small during transplanting, and the seedling holes are not beneficial to early growth and quick growth.
A large amount of nutrient solution and water are required to be put into the floating seedling raising pond, so that the utilization rate of fertilizer water is low; the water content of the plug root system is high, the 'dry long root and wet long leaf' are high, the root hair is relatively slowly developed due to high humidity, air flows from top to bottom of the plug root system soaked in the seedling raising substrate in water are less, the oxygen concentration is insufficient, the differentiation of root system cells is influenced, the absorption function of the root system is weakened, the number of root hair, fibrous root and lateral root is less, the activity of the root system is poor, spiral root is easily formed, and the root systems basically do not grow after being transplanted, so that the seedling returning period is long.
The moist seedling culture (middle and later period) and the air root-regulating seedling culture are mainly characterized in that a substrate is kept moist by spraying water or nutrient solution above a seedling culture plate to provide nutrients for tobacco seedlings; however, if the concentration of the nutrient solution is not well controlled during spraying, the seedlings are easy to burn, and after the nutrient solution is sprayed, clear water is required to be sprayed to wash the nutrient solution on the surfaces of the seedlings to the matrix, so that more moisture is attached to the leaves, air humidity is high, the risk of disease outbreak is increased, labor cost is increased, and time and labor are wasted.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the background art, the invention provides the three-dimensional seedling raising device for the flue-cured tobacco, moisture and nutrients required by the growth of the tobacco seedlings are provided in a mode of intermittently spraying to the bottoms of the seedling raising trays, namely the roots of the tobacco seedlings, so that the direct contact of nutrient solution and the leaves of the tobacco seedlings is avoided, clear water is not required to be sprayed for washing after the nutrient solution is sprayed, the seedlings are not easy to burn, and compared with the traditional modes of floating seedling raising, moist seedling raising, air root-integrated seedling raising and the like, the air humidity above the seedling raising trays is reduced, moss is not easy to grow on the surface of a substrate, the risk of disease outbreak is reduced, and the utilization rate of water and fertilizer is greatly improved. Meanwhile, the seedling culturing holes in the seedling culturing plate can be arranged in a terrace shape, so that the space between adjacent rows of the seedling culturing holes is staggered, the space competition between adjacent tobacco seedlings in the middle and later periods of seedling culturing is reduced, the individual tobacco seedlings fully grow, and the uniformity of the tobacco seedlings is high.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: three-dimensional device of growing seedlings of flue-cured tobacco including educating seedling tray, base and educate seedling tray rack, educate seedling tray including the ring board of growing seedlings and educate the seedling hole, educate seedling tray and go up from outer to interior concentric ring board that sets up of growing seedlings, evenly set up the hole of educating seedlings on the ring board of growing seedlings, the hole bottom of growing seedlings sets up the support net, install on the base seedling tray rack bottom, the number and the position that seedling tray rack top corresponds the ring board of growing seedlings set up the ring board brace table of growing seedlings of echelonment, educate seedling tray and place on seedling tray rack, seedling tray rack middle part sets up vertical main delivery pipe, the ring board below of growing seedlings sets up the ring pipe water spray, the water spray ring pipe is linked together through water supply branch pipe with main delivery pipe, water spray ring pipe top equidistance sets up the shower nozzle, main delivery pipe bottom is connected with the water pump.
As preferred, seedling tray rack bottom rotates and installs on the base, seedling tray rack bottom surface middle part sets up the rotating column, the inside cavity of rotating column, the bottom extends to the base below, the main water supply pipe bottom passes the rotating column inside and extends to the below, the main water supply pipe bottom passes through rotary joint and is connected with the water pump delivery port, set up driven gear on the rotating column, rotating column one side sets up driving motor, set up the driving gear in the driving motor pivot, the driving gear meshes with driven gear mutually.
As preferred, set up circular shape slide rail on the base, educate seedling tray rack bottom and correspond the diameter symmetry of slide rail and set up the stabilizer blade, the stabilizer blade bottom sets up the walking wheel, and the walking wheel is installed in the slide rail.
Preferably, the inner wall of the seedling raising circular plate positioned on the outer side is provided with a lower clamping ring and an upper clamping ring respectively, and the bottom of the outer wall of the seedling raising circular plate positioned on the inner side is provided with a limiting ring.
Preferably, the seedling raising plate and the seedling raising holes are regular hexagonal prism type.
Preferably, the bottom of the seedling tray placing frame is also provided with a water receiving tray, and one side of the water receiving tray is provided with a collecting opening.
Preferably, the top end of the main water supply pipe sequentially penetrates through the middle parts of the seedling ring plate supporting table and the seedling tray and extends to the upper part, and a sprinkling nozzle is arranged at the top end of the main water supply pipe.
Preferably, the method also comprises a seedling raising method, and comprises the following steps:
1) selecting a field and preparing seedling; selecting a plastic greenhouse as a seedling raising field, leveling the ground of the seedling raising greenhouse, sequentially arranging seedling raising devices according to the space occupied by each seedling raising tray, and reserving a passageway in the middle;
2) filling a seedling culture medium and sowing; flatly placing a seedling raising tray on the ground, filling seedling raising matrixes into seedling raising holes after the moisture of the matrixes is adjusted to be proper, enabling the matrixes not to cover the boundaries between the seedling raising holes, sowing the seedlings after the matrixes are filled, covering seeds with the matrixes after the sowing is finished, and then placing the seedling raising tray into a seedling raising preparation pool to enable the matrixes to fully absorb water and wet;
3) installing a seedling raising plate; taking out the seedling raising tray after the substrate fully absorbs water from the seedling raising preparation pool, installing the seedling raising tray on a seedling raising tray support, arranging a seedling raising annular plate on the seedling raising tray support along a terrace shape, and after the seedling raising tray is installed, turning on a starting driving motor in the daytime of fine days to enable the seedling raising tray to rotate at a constant speed, turning off the seedling raising tray after the sunset and stopping the rotation, so that all parts of the seedling raising tray are uniformly illuminated;
4) managing water and fertilizer; spraying clear water to the bottom of the seedling raising tray through a spray head before seedling emergence; spraying nutrient solution to the bottom of the seedling tray through a spray head after seedling emergence, wherein the amount of the sprayed clear water or nutrient solution is that the substrate is fully wetted and does not drip water every time;
5) managing temperature and illumination; before seedling emergence, the temperature in the seedling raising shed is kept between 18 and 28 ℃, if the temperature in the seedling raising shed is higher than 28 ℃, ventilation and cooling are carried out in time, and if the temperature is lower than 18 ℃, temperature is increased and kept in time; after seedling emergence, the temperature in the seedling raising shed is kept between 18 and 35 ℃, if the temperature in the seedling raising shed is higher than 35 ℃, ventilation and cooling are carried out in time, and if the temperature is lower than 18 ℃, temperature is increased and kept in time; removing the sunshade net in the seedling raising shed to increase illumination;
6) thinning the seedlings; in the small cross-shaped period of the tobacco seedlings, on the premise of ensuring that each seedling culture hole has one tobacco seedling, pulling out the redundant tobacco seedlings in the seedling culture hole and planting the redundant tobacco seedlings in the seedling culture hole to the seedling culture hole with the missing tobacco seedlings;
7) training seedlings; training seedlings through water and fertilizer regulation and film uncovering ventilation; spraying times of the nutrient solution are reduced 7-10 days before transplanting, so that the tobacco seedlings can wither in the middle of the day and can recover in the morning and in the evening; meanwhile, the door and the window of the seedling raising shed are opened day and night, and the side wall shed film of the seedling raising shed can be rolled up to practice the seedlings of the conditional seedling raising shed, so that the adaptability of the tobacco seedlings to the external environment is improved.
Preferably, 1-2 seeds are sown in each hole in the step 2), and the seedling raising tray in the step 3) is rotated at a speed of 30 minutes/turn.
Preferably, in the step 4), the concentration of the nutrient liquid nitrogen from the emergence of seedlings to the big cross stage is 50-100 mg/kg, the concentration of the nutrient liquid nitrogen from the big cross stage to the seedling formation is 100-200 mg/kg, the concentration ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 1:0.5:1, and the pH of the used clear water and the nutrient solution is in a weak acid range of 5.5-6.5; the number of sprays per day is 2-3, depending on the weather.
the beneficial effects of the invention are:
1. according to the invention, moisture and nutrients required by the growth of tobacco seedlings are provided in a mode of intermittently spraying to the bottom of the seedling tray, namely the roots of the tobacco seedlings, so that the direct contact of a nutrient solution and the tobacco seedling blades is avoided, the nutrient solution is not sprayed and washed by clear water, and the seedlings are not easy to burn. Simultaneously, educate seedling hole on educating seedling tray and can be terraced field form installation and arrange, make the adjacent interline space dislocation of seedling hole, space utilization is high, reduces the space competition between the adjacent tobacco seedling of middle and later stages of growing seedlings, cooperates rotatable seedling tray rack to realize educating seedling tray rotatory simultaneously, ensures to educate seedling tray and goes up the downthehole tobacco seedling of each seedling and obtain unanimous illumination condition, makes the individual abundant growth of tobacco seedling, and the tobacco seedling regularity is high.
2. The invention suspends the seedling tray, exposes the bottom of the seedling tray in the air, when the root system extends to the bottom of the seedling hole, the seedling tray contacts with the dry air, the dry air has the inhibiting effect on the growth of the root system, so that the root system stops growing, and simultaneously, sufficient oxygen is favorable for the division of the cells of the root system and promotes the growth of lateral roots, thereby leading the root system of the tobacco seedling to be thick, the quantity of root hairs is large, and the lateral roots are developed. And the design of the seedling-raising hole straight cylinder ensures that the root systems of the tobacco seedlings cannot be mutually wound into a group and are in a spiral shape, the root systems are large in size, and the contact surface between the root systems and soil is large during transplanting, so that the seedling returning period is shortened, and the early growth and quick growth are facilitated.
3. The seedling raising tray is made of black hard plastic and fine steel sand nets, is durable, is not easy to damage and has longer service life, the seedling raising holes are regular-hexagonal straight-tube hexagonal prisms, the volume of the seedling raising holes is increased by more than 2 times compared with that of rectangular-pyramid seedling raising holes with the same bottom area, the root space is increased, the root development is facilitated, and the seedling strengthening rate is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the mating structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a sectional view of a seedling raising tray of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the present invention after it has been arranged in a terrace shape;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a spacing structure between the seedling raising ring plates of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the base and the nursery site rack of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a water supply line of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a top view of FIG. 7;
in the figure, a seedling raising tray 1; a base 2; a seedling tray placing frame 3; a seedling ring plate support table 4; seedling ring plates 5; seedling growing holes 6; a leg 7; a slide rail 8; a traveling wheel 9; rotating the column 10; a driven gear 11; a drive gear 12; a drive motor 13; a main water supply pipe 14; a water pump 15; a rotary joint 16; a water spray ring pipe 17; a spray head 18; a sprinkler head 19; a water pan 20; a collection port 21; a supporting net 22; a lower snap ring 23; an upper snap ring 24; a stop collar 25; a water supply branch pipe 26.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solution and advantages of the present invention more apparent, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings for the convenience of the skilled person.
Referring to fig. 1 to 8, the three-dimensional seedling raising device for flue-cured tobacco comprises a seedling raising tray 1, base 2 and educate seedling tray rack 3, educate seedling tray 1 including the ring board 5 and the hole 6 of growing seedlings, educate seedling tray 1 and go up and set up the ring board 5 of growing seedlings by outer to interior concentric setting, evenly set up the hole 6 of growing seedlings on the ring board 5 of growing seedlings, 6 bottoms in hole of growing seedlings set up support net 22, install on base 2 seedling tray rack 3 bottom, 3 tops of seedling tray rack correspond the ring board 5 of growing seedlings's number and position and set up the ring board brace table 4 of growing seedlings of echelonment, educate seedling tray 1 and place on seedling tray rack 3, 3 middle parts of seedling tray rack set up vertical main delivery pipe 14, 5 below of ring board of growing seedlings set up water spray ring pipe 17, water spray ring pipe 17 is linked together through water supply branch pipe 26 with main delivery pipe 14, 17 top equidistance sets up shower nozzle 18, main delivery pipe 14 bottoms are connected with water pump 15. Wherein, the seedling ring plate 5 of educating seedling tray 1 can misplace each other in the vertical direction, and the structure that cooperation educates seedling tray rack 3 can be terraced fields form and arrange, promotes space and utilization ratio, reduces the space competition between the adjacent tobacco seedling of the middle and later stages of growing seedlings, makes the individual abundant growth of tobacco seedling, and the tobacco seedling regularity is high. Simultaneously, through set up water spray ring pipe 17 and shower nozzle 18 in each seedling ring plate 5 bottom, can spray clear water or nutrient solution to 6 bottoms in the hole of growing seedlings, avoided the direct contact of nutrient solution with tobacco seedling blade, need not spray clear water and wash after spraying the nutrient solution, be difficult for burning seedlings. Meanwhile, the air humidity above the seedling raising plate is reduced, moss is not easy to breed on the surface of the matrix, the risk of disease outbreak is reduced, and the utilization rate of water and fertilizer is greatly improved. Wherein, the spray head 18 adopts a fan-shaped atomizing spray head, the spraying range is large, the atomizing effect is good, and the seedling raising efficiency is improved. In the embodiment, the seedling raising plate 1 is in a regular hexagonal prism shape, the seedling raising holes 6 are in a regular hexagonal straight-tube hexagonal prism shape, the volume of the seedling raising holes is increased by more than 2 times compared with that of rectangular pyramid seedling raising holes with the same bottom area, the root space is increased, root development is facilitated, and the seedling strengthening rate is improved. Moreover, the seedling raising plate 1 is made of black hard plastic, the supporting net 22 is made of fine steel sand net, and the seedling raising plate is durable, not easy to damage and long in service life. In addition, be located and set up down snap ring 23 and last snap ring 24 on the inner wall of the annular plate of growing seedlings 5 in the outside respectively, be located 5 outer wall bottoms of the annular plate of growing seedlings of inboard and set up spacing ring 25, can possess spacing effect each other after the dislocation between the annular plate of growing seedlings 5, ensure that the annular plate of growing seedlings 5 arrangement structure is stable for grow seedlings dish 1 can freely shrink for flat disc or stagger and arrange for the trapezoidal form, promote flexibility and the stability of use.
Further, 3 bottoms of seedling tray rack rotate and install on base 2, 3 bottom surface middle parts of seedling tray rack set up swivel stand 10, the inside cavity of swivel stand 10, the bottom extends to base 2 below, the 14 bottoms of main water supply pipe pass swivel stand 10 inside extend to the below, the 14 bottoms of main water supply pipe pass through rotary joint 16 and are connected with 15 delivery ports of water pump, set up driven gear 11 on the swivel stand 10, swivel stand 10 one side sets up driving motor 13, set up driving gear 12 in the driving motor 13 pivot, driving gear 12 meshes with driven gear 11 mutually. Wherein, seedling tray rack 3 can be rotatory for base 2 relatively, adopts driving motor 13 to provide rotatory drive power for seedling tray rack 3. Specifically, drive gear 12 is rotatory through driving motor 13 drive, and driving gear 12 drives rotatory stand 10 through driven gear 11 and rotates to realize seedling tray rack 3's rotary drive. Educate seedling tray 1 and be terraced field form arrange, promote under the prerequisite of space and utilization ratio, cooperate rotatable seedling tray rack 3 to realize educating seedling tray 1 rotatory, further ensure to educate seedling tray on each seedling hole 6 tobacco seedling obtain unanimous illumination condition, make the individual abundant growth of tobacco seedling, the tobacco seedling regularity is high. In this example, the driving motor 13 is controlled to rotate the seedling raising tray 1 at a constant speed of 30 minutes/circle, and the rotating speed is not too high. And the number of the first and second electrodes,
set up circular shape slide rail 8 on the base 2, educate seedling tray rack 3 bottom and correspond the diameter symmetry of slide rail 8 and set up stabilizer blade 7, and stabilizer blade 7 bottom sets up walking wheel 9, and walking wheel 9 installs in slide rail 8, and rotary friction is little, and guarantee revolution mechanic moves reliable and stable. Moreover, through the mode that rotatory stand 10 alternates main water supply pipe 14, main water supply pipe 14 passes through rotary joint 16 and is connected with water pump 15, can reach and also can spray the purpose at the rotatory in-process of educating seedling tray 1, promote the effect and the efficiency of the work of growing seedlings.
Furtherly, 3 bottoms of seedling tray rack still are provided with water collector 20, and water collector 20 one side is provided with collects mouthful 21, and water collector 20 can collect the part that the in-process of growing seedlings produced and drip nutrient solution and moisture down, then through collecting mouthful 21 recycle, further promotion liquid manure utilization ratio.
Furtherly, 14 tops of main water supply pipe pass seedling ring board brace table 4 in proper order and educate seedling tray 1 middle part and extend to the top, and 14 tops of main water supply pipe are provided with watering shower nozzle 19, when needs spray to tobacco seedling blade, open watering shower nozzle 19, supply clear water through water pump 15, realize spraying seedling tray 1 upside.
Further, the method also comprises a seedling raising method, and comprises the following steps:
1) selecting a field and preparing seedling. Selecting a plastic greenhouse as a seedling growing field, leveling the ground of the seedling growing greenhouse, sequentially arranging seedling growing devices according to the space occupied by each seedling growing plate, and reserving a passageway in the middle.
2) And (5) filling a seedling substrate and sowing. The seedling raising plate 1 is flatly placed on the ground and filled with seedling raising substrates, and the substrates are seedling raising substrates special for flue-cured tobacco. Firstly, adjusting the moisture of a matrix to be proper, then loading the matrix into seedling holes 6, wherein the matrix is not overfilled when the matrix is loaded, the boundary between the seedling holes 6 is not covered by the matrix, seeding the matrix after loading, seeding 1-2 seeds in each hole, spreading a thin layer of matrix on a seedling tray 1 to cover the seeds after seeding, and then putting the seedling tray 1 into a seedling preparation pool to ensure that the matrix is fully wet by absorbing water.
3) And (5) installing a seedling raising plate. The seedling raising plate 1 which absorbs water fully is taken out from the seedling raising preparation pool, the seedling raising plate is installed on the seedling raising plate support 3, the seedling raising ring plate 5 on the seedling raising plate 1 is arranged on the seedling raising plate support 3 in a terrace shape, after the seedling raising plate 1 is installed, the starting driving motor 13 is started in the daytime of a fine day, the seedling raising plate 1 rotates at a constant speed for 30 minutes/circle, the seedling raising plate is closed after the day and stops rotating, and the light of all parts of the seedling raising plate is uniform and consistent.
4) Managing water and fertilizer; spraying clear water to the bottom of the seedling raising tray through a spray head before seedling emergence; after seedlings emerge, nutrient solution is sprayed to the bottom of the seedling tray through a spray head, the nutrient solution is prepared by using special seedling fertilizer for tobacco, and the amount of clear water or nutrient solution sprayed each time is preferably that the substrate is fully wetted but does not drip down. The concentration of the nutrient liquid nitrogen from the emergence of seedlings to the big cross stage is 50-100 mg/kg, the concentration of the nutrient liquid nitrogen from the big cross stage to the seedling formation is 100-200 mg/kg, and the concentration ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 1:0.5: 1. The pH of the used clear water and nutrient solution is in a weak acid range of 5.5-6.5, the amount of the clear water or nutrient solution sprayed each time is preferably that the substrate is fully wet but does not drip water, when the surface of the substrate of the seedling raising tray is slightly dry, a spray switch can be opened for spraying, the spraying frequency is 2-3 times per day, and the method is determined according to the weather conditions.
5) Managing temperature and illumination; before seedling emergence, the temperature in the seedling raising shed is kept between 18 ℃ and 28 ℃, the germination rate of tobacco seeds is reduced when the temperature is higher than 28 ℃, the seedling emergence time is prolonged when the temperature is lower than 18 ℃, and the uniformity of the tobacco seeds is reduced. If the temperature in the seedling raising shed is higher than 28 ℃, ventilating and cooling in time, and if the temperature is lower than 18 ℃, heating and preserving heat in time; the sun-shading net is used in the seedling raising shed to reduce illumination and promote seedling emergence. After seedling emergence, the temperature in the seedling raising shed is kept between 18 and 35 ℃, if the temperature in the seedling raising shed is higher than 35 ℃, ventilation and cooling are carried out in time, and if the temperature is lower than 18 ℃, temperature is increased and kept in time; the sun-shading net is removed from the seedling-raising shed to increase the illumination and promote the growth of tobacco seedlings.
6) Thinning the seedlings; in the small cross period of the tobacco seedlings, on the premise of ensuring that each seedling hole has one tobacco seedling, pulling out the redundant tobacco seedlings in the seedling hole and planting the redundant tobacco seedlings in the seedling hole to the seedling hole with the missing tobacco seedlings.
7) Training seedlings; training seedlings through water and fertilizer regulation and film uncovering ventilation; spraying times of the nutrient solution are reduced 7-10 days before transplanting, so that the tobacco seedlings can wither in the middle of the day and can recover in the morning and in the evening; meanwhile, the door and the window of the seedling raising shed are opened day and night, and the side wall shed film of the seedling raising shed can be rolled up to practice the seedlings of the conditional seedling raising shed, so that the adaptability of the tobacco seedlings to the external environment is improved.
Finally, it is noted that the above-mentioned preferred embodiments illustrate rather than limit the invention, and that, although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the above-mentioned preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a three-dimensional device of growing seedlings of flue-cured tobacco which characterized in that: comprises a seedling tray (1), a base (2) and a seedling tray placing frame (3), wherein the seedling tray (1) comprises seedling ring plates (5) and seedling holes (6), the seedling ring plates (5) are concentrically arranged on the seedling tray (1) from outside to inside, the seedling holes (6) are uniformly arranged on the seedling ring plates (5), a supporting net (22) is arranged at the bottom of each seedling hole (6), the bottom of the seedling tray placing frame (3) is arranged on the base (2), the top of the seedling tray placing frame (3) is provided with a seedling ring plate supporting platform (4) in a ladder shape corresponding to the number and the position of the seedling ring plates (5), the seedling tray (1) is placed on the seedling tray placing frame (3), a vertical main water supply pipe (14) is arranged in the middle of the seedling tray placing frame (3), a water spraying ring pipe (17) is arranged below the seedling ring plates (5), the ring pipe (17) is communicated with the main water supply pipe (14) through a water supply branch pipe (26), the top of the water spraying ring pipe (17) is equidistantly provided with spray heads (18), and the bottom end of the main water supply pipe (14) is connected with a water pump (15).
2. The three-dimensional flue-cured tobacco seedling raising device according to claim 1, characterized in that: seedling tray rack (3) bottom is rotated and is installed on base (2), seedling tray rack (3) bottom surface middle part sets up swivel stand (10), swivel stand (10) inside cavity, the bottom extends to base (2) below, the inside below that extends to of swivel stand (10) is passed to main feed pipe (14) bottom, main feed pipe (14) bottom is passed rotary joint (16) and is connected with water pump (15) delivery port, set up driven gear (11) on swivel stand (10), swivel stand (10) one side sets up driving motor (13), set up driving gear (12) in driving motor (13) pivot, driving gear (12) and driven gear (11) mesh mutually.
3. The three-dimensional seedling raising device for flue-cured tobacco as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: set up circular shape slide rail (8) on base (2), the diameter symmetry that educates seedling tray rack (3) bottom and correspond slide rail (8) sets up stabilizer blade (7), and stabilizer blade (7) bottom sets up walking wheel (9), and walking wheel (9) are installed in slide rail (8).
4. The three-dimensional seedling raising device for flue-cured tobacco as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that: the inner wall of the seedling ring plate (5) positioned at the outer side is respectively provided with a lower snap ring (23) and an upper snap ring (24), and the bottom of the outer wall of the seedling ring plate (5) positioned at the inner side is provided with a limiting ring (25).
5. The three-dimensional seedling raising device for flue-cured tobacco as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: the seedling raising plate (1) and the seedling raising holes (6) are regular hexagonal prism-shaped.
6. The three-dimensional seedling raising device for flue-cured tobacco as claimed in claim 1, 2, 3 or 5, characterized in that: the bottom of the seedling tray placing frame (3) is also provided with a water receiving tray (20), and one side of the water receiving tray (20) is provided with a collecting opening (21).
7. The three-dimensional flue-cured tobacco seedling raising device according to claim 6, characterized in that: the top end of the main water supply pipe (14) sequentially penetrates through the seedling ring plate supporting table (4) and the middle part of the seedling tray (1) to extend to the upper part, and a sprinkling nozzle (19) is arranged at the top end of the main water supply pipe (14).
8. The seedling raising method of the three-dimensional flue-cured tobacco seedling raising device based on any one of claims 1 to 7 is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) selecting a field and preparing seedling; selecting a plastic greenhouse as a seedling raising field, leveling the ground of the seedling raising greenhouse, sequentially arranging seedling raising devices according to the space occupied by each seedling raising tray, and reserving a passageway in the middle;
2) filling a seedling culture medium and sowing; flatly placing a seedling raising tray on the ground, filling seedling raising matrixes into seedling raising holes after the moisture of the matrixes is adjusted to be proper, enabling the matrixes not to cover the boundaries between the seedling raising holes, sowing the seedlings after the matrixes are filled, covering seeds with the matrixes after the sowing is finished, and then placing the seedling raising tray into a seedling raising preparation pool to enable the matrixes to fully absorb water and wet;
3) installing a seedling raising plate; taking out the seedling raising tray after the substrate fully absorbs water from the seedling raising preparation pool, installing the seedling raising tray on a seedling raising tray support, arranging a seedling raising annular plate on the seedling raising tray support along a terrace shape, and after the seedling raising tray is installed, turning on a starting driving motor in the daytime of fine days to enable the seedling raising tray to rotate at a constant speed, turning off the seedling raising tray after the sunset and stopping the rotation, so that all parts of the seedling raising tray are uniformly illuminated;
4) managing water and fertilizer; spraying clear water to the bottom of the seedling raising tray through a spray head before seedling emergence; spraying nutrient solution to the bottom of the seedling tray through a spray head after seedling emergence, wherein the amount of the sprayed clear water or nutrient solution is that the substrate is fully wetted and does not drip water every time;
5) managing temperature and illumination; before seedling emergence, the temperature in the seedling raising shed is kept between 18 and 28 ℃, if the temperature in the seedling raising shed is higher than 28 ℃, ventilation and cooling are carried out in time, and if the temperature is lower than 18 ℃, temperature is increased and kept in time; after seedling emergence, the temperature in the seedling raising shed is kept between 18 and 35 ℃, if the temperature in the seedling raising shed is higher than 35 ℃, ventilation and cooling are carried out in time, and if the temperature is lower than 18 ℃, temperature is increased and kept in time; removing the sunshade net in the seedling raising shed to increase illumination;
6) thinning the seedlings; in the small cross-shaped period of the tobacco seedlings, on the premise of ensuring that each seedling culture hole has one tobacco seedling, pulling out the redundant tobacco seedlings in the seedling culture hole and planting the redundant tobacco seedlings in the seedling culture hole to the seedling culture hole with the missing tobacco seedlings;
7) training seedlings; training seedlings through water and fertilizer regulation and film uncovering ventilation; spraying times of the nutrient solution are reduced 7-10 days before transplanting, so that the tobacco seedlings can wither in the middle of the day and can recover in the morning and in the evening; meanwhile, the door and the window of the seedling raising shed are opened day and night, and the side wall shed film of the seedling raising shed can be rolled up to practice the seedlings of the conditional seedling raising shed, so that the adaptability of the tobacco seedlings to the external environment is improved.
9. A method of raising seedlings according to claim 8, characterized in that:
1-2 seeds are sowed in each hole during sowing in the step 2), and the seedling raising tray in the step 3) rotates at the speed of 30 minutes/circle.
10. A method of raising seedlings according to claim 8, characterized in that:
in the step 4), the concentration of nutrient liquid nitrogen from emergence to big cross stage is 50-100 mg/kg, the concentration of nutrient liquid nitrogen from big cross stage to seedling formation is 100-200 mg/kg, the concentration ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 1:0.5:1, and the pH of the used clear water and nutrient solution is in a weak acid range of 5.5-6.5; the number of sprays per day is 2-3, depending on the weather.
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