CN104585009A - Stereoscopic seedling device and stereoscopic seedling method for flue-cured tobacco - Google Patents
Stereoscopic seedling device and stereoscopic seedling method for flue-cured tobacco Download PDFInfo
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- 235000002637 Nicotiana tabacum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 241000208125 Nicotiana Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 abstract description 57
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000002354 daily effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 244000061176 Nicotiana tabacum Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000411851 herbal medicine Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
- A01G31/02—Special apparatus therefor
- A01G31/06—Hydroponic culture on racks or in stacked containers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/04—Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth
- A01G7/045—Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth with electric lighting
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
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Abstract
本发明属于农业领域，提出一种烤烟立体育苗装置，包括育苗架、育苗盘、补光灯；育苗架包括支撑架和5层支撑板，育苗盘放置在支撑板上；支撑板上设置有连通的排出管挡液板和溢流管，育苗架的一侧设有储液槽，供液管路与所述储液槽连接。本发明提出的育苗栽植和方法，改变了传统单层育苗现状，较好的利用了育苗温室立体空间，成倍提高单位面积育苗量。与立体育苗架相配置的供回液设备等，均可根据不同规格温室进行调节做到有效循环利用，节约育苗成本。
The invention belongs to the field of agriculture, and proposes a three-dimensional flue-cured tobacco seedling device, including a seedling raising frame, a seedling raising tray, and a supplementary light; the seedling raising frame includes a support frame and a 5-layer support plate, and the seedling raising tray is placed on the support plate; A discharge pipe liquid baffle and an overflow pipe, one side of the seedling raising frame is provided with a liquid storage tank, and the liquid supply pipeline is connected with the liquid storage tank. The planting and method for raising seedlings proposed by the invention changes the current situation of traditional single-layer seedling raising, better utilizes the three-dimensional space of the seedling raising greenhouse, and doubles the amount of seedling raising per unit area. The liquid supply and return equipment configured with the three-dimensional sports seedling rack can be adjusted according to different specifications of the greenhouse to achieve effective recycling and save seedling raising costs.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于农业领域，具体涉及一种烤烟育苗装置和育苗方法。The invention belongs to the field of agriculture, and in particular relates to a flue-cured tobacco seedling raising device and a seedling raising method.
背景技术Background technique
我国烤烟育苗多采用漂浮育苗技术。漂浮育苗技术是一项集无土栽培、营养液栽培、容器栽培等优势于一体的规模化、工厂化育苗新技术，在集约化管理、生产效率和培育烟苗素质方面，具有常规育苗无法比拟的管理与技术优势。my country's flue-cured tobacco seedlings mostly use floating seedling technology. Floating seedling cultivation technology is a large-scale, factory-like new technology for seedling cultivation that combines the advantages of soilless cultivation, nutrient solution cultivation, and container cultivation. It has incomparable advantages in intensive management, production efficiency and quality of cultivating tobacco seedlings management and technical advantages.
目前国内漂浮育苗多采用单层，例如专利CN101822200提出的烤烟漂浮育苗方法，采用粉煤灰作为漂浮育苗基质。漂浮育苗不能充分利用育苗温室立体空间；每年闲置时间较长，资源浪费严重；目前土地资源日益紧张，烟粮争地矛盾突出的背景下，急需开展烤烟立体育苗有利于烟草产业的可持续发展。烤烟育苗对光照、通风的要求较高，光照时间的长短，影响烤烟的生育，烟株正常生长，每天需要10小时以上的光照，少于8小时则生长缓慢，叶少色淡身份薄。另一方面，，要获得品质优良的烟叶，叶片成熟阶段的日平均气温不应低于20℃，而较理想的日平均气温为24℃左右。At present, domestic floating seedlings mostly adopt a single layer, such as the flue-cured tobacco floating seedling method proposed by patent CN101822200, using fly ash as the floating seedling substrate. Floating seedlings cannot make full use of the three-dimensional space of the seedling greenhouse; the idle time is long every year, and resources are wasted seriously; at present, under the background of increasingly tight land resources and prominent conflicts between tobacco and grain, there is an urgent need to develop flue-cured tobacco three-dimensional seedlings, which is conducive to the sustainable development of the tobacco industry. Flue-cured tobacco seedlings have high requirements for light and ventilation. The length of light time affects the growth of flue-cured tobacco. Tobacco plants need more than 10 hours of light per day for normal growth. If it is less than 8 hours, the growth will be slow, and the leaves will be less and pale. On the other hand, in order to obtain high-quality tobacco leaves, the daily average temperature at the leaf maturity stage should not be lower than 20°C, and the ideal daily average temperature is about 24°C.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于克服上述技术存在的缺陷，提供一种烤烟立体育苗装置。本发明的另一目的是提出一种烤烟立体育苗方法。该方法能够成倍提高单位面积烤烟育苗量。利用了育苗温室立体空间，提高了土地利用率。The object of the present invention is to overcome the defects of the above-mentioned technologies, and provide a flue-cured tobacco stereoscopic planting device. Another object of the present invention is to propose a method for stereoscopic seedling cultivation of flue-cured tobacco. The method can double the amount of flue-cured tobacco seedlings raised per unit area. The three-dimensional space of the nursery greenhouse is used to improve the land utilization rate.
实现本发明目的的技术方案为：The technical scheme that realizes the object of the present invention is:
一种烤烟立体育苗装置，包括育苗架、育苗盘、补光灯；A three-dimensional flue-cured tobacco seedling raising device, comprising a seedling raising frame, a seedling raising tray, and a supplementary light;
所述育苗架包括支撑架和5层支撑板，育苗盘放置在支撑板上，分层设置不同层高；从上向下数第一、二层之间距离为600-700mm，第二、三层之间距离为500-600mm，第三、四层之间距离为400mm，第四、五层之间距离为400mm；每一层的育苗盘上方设置有供液管路，支撑板上设置有连通的排出管(即为回液管路)挡液板和溢流管，育苗架的一侧设有储液槽，供液管路与所述储液槽连接。The seedling raising frame includes a support frame and 5 layers of support plates, the seedling raising trays are placed on the support plates, and different layer heights are set in layers; the distance between the first and second floors is 600-700mm from top to bottom, and the distance between the second and third layers is 600-700 mm. The distance between the layers is 500-600mm, the distance between the third and fourth layers is 400mm, and the distance between the fourth and fifth layers is 400mm; the liquid supply pipeline is arranged above the seedling tray of each layer, and the support plate is provided with The connected discharge pipe (being the liquid return pipeline) liquid baffle plate and overflow pipe, one side of the seedling raising rack is provided with a liquid storage tank, and the liquid supply pipeline is connected with the liquid storage tank.
其中，第一层支撑板底部设置用于照射第二层育苗盘上植物的第一补光光源，第二层、第三层和第四层支撑板底部设置用于照射第三层、第四层、第五层育苗盘上植物的补光光源。Among them, the bottom of the support plate on the first layer is provided with a first supplementary light source for illuminating the plants on the second layer of seedling trays, and the bottom of the support plates on the second, third, and fourth layers is provided for illuminating the third and fourth layers. The supplementary light source for the plants on the seedling trays on the first and fifth floors.
采用补光光源补光，根据育苗当地光照条件，分层设置不同光照强度的补光光源。能否做到可调节的补光灯源，并且补光灯源不确定，可变换。优选地，烤烟育苗需6000lux光照，育苗架的五层育苗盘中，最上层第一层不用补光，第二层补光的光照强度为2400lux，第三层补光的光照强度为4800lux，第四层补光的光照强度为6000lux，第五层补光的光照强度为6000lux。The supplementary light source is used to supplement the light, and the supplementary light source with different light intensities is set in layers according to the local lighting conditions of the seedlings. Whether it is possible to achieve an adjustable supplementary light source, and the supplementary light source is uncertain and can be changed. Preferably, flue-cured tobacco seedlings need 6000 lux of light. In the five-layer seedling tray of the seedling raising rack, the first layer of the uppermost layer does not need to fill in the light, the light intensity of the second layer of light is 2400 lux, and the light intensity of the third layer of light is 4800 lux. The light intensity of the fourth layer of fill light is 6000lux, and the light intensity of the fifth layer of fill light is 6000lux.
其中，所述补光光源为LED灯或白炽灯。Wherein, the supplementary light source is an LED lamp or an incandescent lamp.
其中，所述育苗盘上铺设有育苗基质，所述育苗基质选自泥炭、草炭、蛭石和膨化珍珠岩中的一种或多种。Wherein, a seedling-raising substrate is laid on the seedling-raising tray, and the seedling-raising substrate is selected from one or more of peat, peat, vermiculite and expanded perlite.
其中，所述储液槽中设置有潜水泵。Wherein, a submersible pump is arranged in the liquid storage tank.
一种烤烟立体育苗的方法，包括步骤：A method for stereoscopic seedling cultivation of flue-cured tobacco, comprising the steps of:
1)在温室中搭设如权利要求1-5任一所述的育苗装置；在储液槽中放入1:1000的形式营养液；1) set up the device for raising seedlings as described in any one of claims 1-5 in the greenhouse; put into the form nutrient solution of 1:1000 in the liquid storage tank;
2)育苗盘上每穴播2-3粒种子，然后在育苗盘上撒一层育苗基质进行盖种，接下来的育苗期中保持温室内温度为20-25℃，湿度为50-70％。2) Sow 2-3 seeds in each hole on the seedling tray, then sprinkle a layer of seedling substrate on the seedling tray to cover the seeds, and keep the temperature in the greenhouse at 20-25° C. and humidity at 50-70% in the subsequent seedling cultivation period.
其中，补光灯每天开从7-8点到晚5：30～6:30，开9-11小时。根据种植地区日照条件，可选早8点到晚6点，每天开10小时。Among them, the fill light is turned on from 7-8 o'clock to 5:30-6:30 p.m. every day, and it is turned on for 9-11 hours. According to the sunshine conditions in the planting area, you can choose to open 10 hours a day from 8:00 am to 6:00 pm.
其中，所述营养液可选用市售的营养液。Wherein, the nutrient solution can be a commercially available nutrient solution.
本发明的有益效果在于：The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1、立体育苗改变传统单层育苗现状，较好的利用了育苗温室立体空间，成倍提高单位面积育苗量。1. Stereoscopic seedlings change the status quo of traditional single-layer seedlings, make better use of the three-dimensional space of the seedling greenhouse, and double the amount of seedlings per unit area.
2、与立体育苗架相配置的供回液设备等，均可根据不同规格温室进行调节做到有效循环利用，节约育苗成本。2. The liquid supply and return equipment configured with the three-dimensional sports seedling rack can be adjusted according to different specifications of the greenhouse to achieve effective recycling and save seedling raising costs.
3、立体育苗架根据育苗所在地环境温度等条件按照不同层高配置不同光照强度的补光灯，有效降低补光所耗资源成本，并可适量提高育苗温室温度，进行资源合理配置。3. The three-dimensional sports seedling rack is equipped with supplementary lights with different light intensities according to different floor heights according to the ambient temperature and other conditions of the seedling location, which can effectively reduce the resource cost of supplementary light, and can increase the temperature of the seedling greenhouse appropriately to make a reasonable allocation of resources.
4、立体育苗设施适用于叶菜、中药材等作物种植，将大大提高育苗大棚的综合利用效率，有效提高收入。4. The vertical seedling facility is suitable for planting leafy vegetables, Chinese herbal medicines and other crops, which will greatly improve the comprehensive utilization efficiency of seedling greenhouses and effectively increase income.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是立体育苗架的正视图；Fig. 1 is the front view of three-dimensional seedling stand;
图2是图1中A-A向剖面视图。Fig. 2 is a sectional view along A-A in Fig. 1 .
图3为支撑板立体图。Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the support plate.
其中，1、挡液板；2、支撑板；3、补光灯；4、回液管路；5、供液管路；6、溢流管；7、支撑架。Among them, 1. Liquid baffle plate; 2. Support plate; 3. Fill light; 4. Liquid return pipeline; 5. Liquid supply pipeline; 6. Overflow pipe; 7. Support frame.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
现以以下实施例来说明本发明，但不用来限制本发明的范围。实施例中使用的手段，如无特别说明，均使用本领域常规的手段。The present invention is now illustrated with the following examples, which are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. The means used in the examples, unless otherwise specified, are conventional means in the art.
实施例1：Example 1:
场地为塑料连栋温室，温室总长度为48m，总宽度为32m，分为4跨，每跨8m。温室内每跨布置4排育苗架，4跨共布置16排育苗架。The site is a plastic multi-span greenhouse with a total length of 48m and a total width of 32m, divided into 4 spans of 8m each. In the greenhouse, 4 rows of seedling racks are arranged for each span, and a total of 16 rows of seedling racks are arranged for 4 spans.
见图1-3,一种烤烟立体育苗装置，包括育苗架、育苗盘。补光灯；育苗架包括起支撑作用的支撑架7和5层水平放置的支撑板2，育苗盘放置在支撑板2上，共有5层，从上向下数第1、2层之间距离为700mm，第2、3层之间距离为500mm，第3、4层之间距离为400mm，第4,5层之间距离为400mmSee Fig. 1-3, a kind of flue-cured tobacco stereoscopic seedling raising device, comprises seedling raising rack, seedling raising tray. Supplementary light; the seedling raising frame includes a supporting frame 7 and 5 layers of horizontally placed supporting plates 2, the seedling raising tray is placed on the supporting plate 2, and there are 5 layers in total, and the distance between the first and second layers is counted from top to bottom The distance between the 2nd and 3rd layers is 500mm, the distance between the 3rd and 4th layers is 400mm, and the distance between the 4th and 5th layers is 400mm
每一层的育苗盘上方设置有供液管路，支撑板2上设置有连通的排出管(为回液管路4)挡液板1和溢流管6，育苗架的一侧设有储液槽，供液管路5与所述储液槽连接。The top of the seedling tray of each layer is provided with a liquid supply pipeline, the support plate 2 is provided with a connected discharge pipe (for the liquid return pipeline 4), a liquid baffle 1 and an overflow pipe 6, and one side of the seedling raising frame is provided with a storage tank. A liquid tank, the liquid supply pipeline 5 is connected with the liquid storage tank.
其中，第二层支撑板底部设置用于照射第一层育苗盘上植物的第一补光光源，第三层、第四层和第五层支撑板底部设置用于照射第二层、第三层育苗盘上植物的第二、第三和第四补光光源。烤烟育苗需6000lux光照，五层育苗架，最上层第一层不用补光，第二层补光的光照强度为2400lux，第三层补光的光照强度为4800lux，第四层补光的光照强度为6000lux，第五层补光的光照强度为6000lux。采用LED灯为补光光源。Wherein, the bottom of the second-layer support board is provided with the first supplementary light source for illuminating the plants on the first-layer seedling tray, and the bottom of the third-layer, fourth-layer, and fifth-layer support boards is provided for illuminating the second-layer, third-layer The second, third and fourth supplementary light sources for plants on the layer seedling tray. Flue-cured tobacco seedlings need 6000lux of light, five layers of seedling racks, the first layer of the top layer does not need to fill in light, the light intensity of the second layer of fill light is 2400lux, the light intensity of the third layer of fill light is 4800lux, and the light intensity of the fourth layer of fill light is 6000lux, and the light intensity of the fifth layer of fill light is 6000lux. LED lights are used as supplementary light sources.
其中，所述育苗盘上铺设有育苗基质，所述育苗基质为质量份数的30份草炭、5份蛭石和5份膨化珍珠岩混合而成。Wherein, a seedling-raising substrate is laid on the seedling-raising tray, and the seedling-raising substrate is a mixture of 30 parts of peat, 5 parts of vermiculite and 5 parts of expanded perlite in parts by mass.
结合温室位置确定储液池尺寸为：长2.5m、宽1.0m、高1.5m，有效容积为3.0m3，可储存一排育苗架(三个独立单元)一层的营养液，可分层配制营养液分层供给。储液槽位于育苗架一侧，储液槽中设置有潜水泵。Combined with the location of the greenhouse, the size of the liquid storage pool is determined as: length 2.5m, width 1.0m, height 1.5m, and effective volume is 3.0m 3 , which can store the nutrient solution of a row of seedling racks (three independent units) and can be layered. The preparation of nutrient solution layered supply. The liquid storage tank is located at one side of the seedling raising frame, and a submersible pump is arranged in the liquid storage tank.
每个育苗架设为一个独立的控制单元，每个单元每层设置一个水龙头，营养液经潜水泵提升，结合阀门和水龙头控制供液管路5，把营养液按需供至储液槽，育苗架上设置排出管和溢流管6，以便育苗所需营养液或水排出至排水系统或回流至储液池。Each seedling raising frame is set as an independent control unit, and each unit is equipped with a faucet on each floor. The nutrient solution is lifted by the submersible pump, and the valve and the faucet are combined to control the liquid supply pipeline 5, and the nutrient solution is supplied to the liquid storage tank as required, and the seedlings are raised. A discharge pipe and an overflow pipe 6 are arranged on the frame, so that the nutrient solution or water required for seedling cultivation is discharged to the drainage system or returned to the liquid storage tank.
实施例2Example 2
一种烤烟立体育苗的方法，使用实施例1的装置，包括步骤：A method for stereoscopic seedling cultivation of flue-cured tobacco, using the device of embodiment 1, comprising steps:
1)在塑料温室中搭设本发明所述的育苗装置；在储液槽中放入1:1000的稀释营养液；1) Set up the seedling raising device of the present invention in the plastic greenhouse; put the diluted nutrient solution of 1:1000 in the liquid storage tank;
2)采用的育苗盘尺寸为360×570mm。每穴播2～3粒种子，与基质充分接触。播完后，在盘面上撒上一层配制好的基质，适当盖种。最后，将播好种子的育苗盘放入育苗架储液槽中。苗期保持温室内的温度为20～25℃，湿度为50％～70％，注意间苗和剪叶。2) The size of the seedling tray used is 360×570mm. Sow 2 to 3 seeds in each hole and fully contact with the substrate. After sowing, sprinkle a layer of prepared substrate on the plate and cover the seeds properly. Finally, put the seedling tray that has sown the seeds into the liquid storage tank of the seedling rack. At the seedling stage, keep the temperature in the greenhouse at 20-25°C and the humidity at 50%-70%. Pay attention to thinning and leaf cutting.
其中，营养液为市售的烟草专用叶面营养液。育苗地点在贵州。采用LED灯为光源补光，烤烟育苗时间为3-4月份，补光灯每天开从8点到晚6，开10小时。Wherein, the nutrient solution is a commercially available tobacco-specific foliar nutrient solution. The breeding site is in Guizhou. LED lights are used as the light source to supplement the light. The time for growing flue-cured tobacco seedlings is from March to April. The supplementary light is turned on for 10 hours from 8:00 to 6 in the evening every day.
传统漂浮育苗，温室总长度为48m，总宽度为32m的标准育苗温室，育苗盘尺寸为360×570mm能育6400盘；使用本发明提出的立体育苗方法，同一温室能实现19200盘的育苗量，是传统漂浮育苗量的3倍。Traditional floating seedling cultivation, the total length of the greenhouse is 48m, and the standard seedling cultivation greenhouse with a total width of 32m, the size of the seedling tray is 360×570mm can raise 6,400 trays; using the three-dimensional seedling cultivation method proposed by the present invention, the same greenhouse can achieve 19,200 trays of seedlings. It is 3 times the amount of traditional floating seedlings.
实施例3：Example 3:
场地为塑料连栋温室，温室总长度为48m，总宽度为32m，分为4跨，每跨8m。温室内每跨布置4排育苗架，4跨共布置16排育苗架。The site is a plastic multi-span greenhouse with a total length of 48m and a total width of 32m, divided into 4 spans of 8m each. In the greenhouse, 4 rows of seedling racks are arranged for each span, and a total of 16 rows of seedling racks are arranged for 4 spans.
烤烟立体育苗装置的结构同实施例1，不同之处为：从上向下数第1、2层之间距离为700mm，第2、3层之间距离为600mm，第3、4层之间距离为400mm，第4、5层之间距离为400mmThe structure of the flue-cured tobacco stereoscopic seedling planting device is the same as in Example 1, except that the distance between the 1st and 2nd layers from top to bottom is 700mm, the distance between the 2nd and 3rd layers is 600mm, and the distance between the 3rd and 4th layers is 700mm. The distance is 400mm, the distance between the 4th and 5th layers is 400mm
以白炽灯为补光光源。烤烟育苗需6000lux光照，五层育苗架，最上层第一层不用补光，第二层补光的光照强度为2400lux，第三层补光的光照强度为4800lux，第四层补光的光照强度为6000lux，第五层补光的光照强度为6000lux。Use incandescent lamps as the supplementary light source. Flue-cured tobacco seedlings need 6000lux of light, five layers of seedling racks, the first layer of the top layer does not need to fill in light, the light intensity of the second layer of fill light is 2400lux, the light intensity of the third layer of fill light is 4800lux, and the light intensity of the fourth layer of fill light is 6000lux, and the light intensity of the fifth layer of fill light is 6000lux.
育苗盘上铺设有育苗基质，所述育苗基质为质量份数的30份草炭、5份蛭石和5份膨化珍珠岩混合而成。A seedling-raising substrate is laid on the seedling-raising tray, and the seedling-raising substrate is a mixture of 30 parts of peat, 5 parts of vermiculite and 5 parts of expanded perlite in parts by mass.
结合温室位置确定储液池尺寸为：长2.5m、宽1.0m、高1.5m，有效容积为3.0m3，可储存一排育苗架(三个独立单元)一层的营养液，可分层配制营养液分层供给。储液槽位于育苗架一侧，储液槽中设置有潜水泵。Combined with the location of the greenhouse, the size of the liquid storage pool is determined as: length 2.5m, width 1.0m, height 1.5m, and effective volume is 3.0m 3 , which can store the nutrient solution of a row of seedling racks (three independent units) and can be layered. The preparation of nutrient solution layered supply. The liquid storage tank is located at one side of the seedling raising frame, and a submersible pump is arranged in the liquid storage tank.
实施例4Example 4
一种烤烟立体育苗的方法，使用实施例3的装置，包括步骤：A method for stereoscopic seedling cultivation of flue-cured tobacco, using the device of embodiment 3, comprising steps:
1)在塑料温室中搭设本发明所述的育苗装置；在储液槽中放入1:1000的稀释营养液；1) Set up the seedling raising device of the present invention in the plastic greenhouse; put the diluted nutrient solution of 1:1000 in the liquid storage tank;
2)采用的育苗盘尺寸为360×570mm。每穴播2～3粒种子，与基质充分接触。播完后，在盘面上撒上一层配制好的基质，适当盖种。最后，将播好种子的育苗盘放入育苗架储液槽中。苗期保持温室内的温度为20～25℃，湿度为50％～70％，出苗之后间苗，使每穴内一个苗。2) The size of the seedling tray used is 360×570mm. Sow 2 to 3 seeds in each hole and fully contact with the substrate. After sowing, sprinkle a layer of prepared substrate on the plate and cover the seeds properly. Finally, put the seedling tray that has sown the seeds into the liquid storage tank of the seedling rack. At the seedling stage, keep the temperature in the greenhouse at 20-25°C and the humidity at 50%-70%, and thin out the seedlings after emergence to make one seedling in each hole.
其中，营养液为市售的烟草专用叶面营养液。烤烟育苗时间为3-4月份，补光灯每天开从7：30～8:00到晚5:30～6：00，开10小时。Wherein, the nutrient solution is a commercially available tobacco-specific foliar nutrient solution. The time for growing flue-cured tobacco seedlings is from March to April, and the fill light is turned on from 7:30 to 8:00 to 5:30 to 6:00 every day for 10 hours.
以上的实施例仅仅是对本发明的优选实施方式进行描述，并非对本发明的范围进行限定，在不脱离本发明设计精神的前提下，本领域普通工程技术人员对本发明的技术方案作出的各种变型和改进，均应落入本发明的权利要求书确定的保护范围内。The above embodiments are only descriptions of preferred implementations of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, ordinary engineers and technicians in the field may make various modifications to the technical solutions of the present invention. and improvements, all should fall within the scope of protection determined by the claims of the present invention.
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