CN101023734A - Plant seedling-culturing substrate - Google Patents
Plant seedling-culturing substrate Download PDFInfo
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- CN101023734A CN101023734A CNA2007100651290A CN200710065129A CN101023734A CN 101023734 A CN101023734 A CN 101023734A CN A2007100651290 A CNA2007100651290 A CN A2007100651290A CN 200710065129 A CN200710065129 A CN 200710065129A CN 101023734 A CN101023734 A CN 101023734A
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a plant seedling-cultivating matrix. Said plant seedling-cultivating matrix contains the cross-linked copolymer of acrylate-acrylamide. After the water is absorbed by said cross-linked copolymer, the volume of every gram of said cross-linked copolymer is 100-120 cu.cm, the density of the described cross-linked copolymer is 0.8 ton/cu.m, and the mole ratio of acrylate and acrylamide in the cross-linked copolymer is 1-4:9-6.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of botanical seedling culturing matrix.
Background technology
At present, known high-quality tobacco cultivation technology is divided into nursery stage and two big stages of field production phase with tobacco cultivation, and growing seedlings of tobacco is one of key technology of cured tobacco production, affects the formation of yield of tobacco and quality, carried out a large amount of research for it.The seedling growing process of tobacco is dialled seedling direct transplantation from female sowing in bed kind, heels in transplanting to female sowing in bed kind nutritive cube (bag), develops into present intensification floating seedlings or tray seedling growth and transplants, and has experienced three evolutions.The matrix Main Ingredients and Appearance of floating seedling cultivation of fire-cured tobacco is the peat composed of rotten mosses, peat, and weathered coal, dry branches and fallen leaves becomes thoroughly decomposed or the crop tangerine bar of carbonization, fine perlite, materials such as vermiculite, every mu of floating seedling cultivation substrate for flue-cured tobacco needs about 0.02 cubic metre, about 13 kilograms of weight.Use the peat composed of rotten mosses, peat, dry branches and fallen leaves in the matrix, become thoroughly decomposed or the organic carbon raw materials such as crop tangerine bar of carbonization, account for 50%～70% of matrix formulations.Use raw materials such as the peat composed of rotten mosses and peat (account for matrix formulations 50%～70%) to belong to non-renewable resources in the matrix, long-term development and use will certainly cause resource exhaustion, simultaneously, the transition exploitation peat composed of rotten mosses and peat resource not only can be destroyed the Wetland ecological environment, also can bring harmful effect to ecotope on every side.
The prescription of existing floating seedling cultivation substrate for flue-cured tobacco mainly contains two types:
First kind prescription: the peat composed of rotten mosses---50～70% (V/V),
Peat (or weathered coal)---5～10% (V/V),
Fine perlite---25～30% (V/V),
Vermiculite---5～8% (V/V).
The second class prescription: the peat composed of rotten mosses---20～40% (V/V),
The stalk 30～35% (V/V) of fermentation or carbonization
Peat (or weathered coal)---5～10% (V/V),
Fine perlite---25～30% (V/V),
Vermiculite---5～8% (V/V).
First kind prescription is fit to batch production production, and it is more to take resource (peat composed of rotten mosses and peat), though that the second class prescription takies resource is less, but the fermentation of stalk or carbonization are cumbersome, and batch production production is acquired a certain degree of difficulty.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of botanical seedling culturing matrix, particularly tobacco seedling medium.
Botanical seedling culturing matrix of the present invention, the cross-linked copolymer that contains acrylates-acrylamide, volume after the described cross-linked copolymer suction of every gram is 100～120 cubic centimetres, the density of described cross-linked copolymer is about 0.8 ton/cubic metre, and the mol ratio of acrylates and acrylamide is 1～4: 9～6 in the described cross-linked copolymer.
Among the present invention, the copolymerzation with cross-linking body of acrylates-acrylamide is acrylamide and acrylic acid potassium or PAA cross-linked copolymer, is preferably acrylamide and acrylic acid potassium cross-linked copolymer, and particle diameter is 5～100 orders; Preferred, for the model of Beijing vast Technew SA of Chinese power is the cross-linked copolymer of BJ2101XM, particle diameter is 12～20 orders.
Botanical seedling culturing matrix also contains fine perlite, and the mass ratio of cross-linked copolymer and fine perlite is 1: 1.2; Both volume parts are such as following:
Cross-linked copolymer 70～100% after the suction,
Fine perlite 0～30%.
Botanical seedling culturing matrix also contains weathered coal, and the mass ratio of cross-linked copolymer and weathered coal is 1: 1.
Preferably, the component of botanical seedling culturing matrix of the present invention and content are as follows:
Every 250g acrylamide and acrylic acid potassium cross-linked copolymer is added with 300g fine perlite and 250g weathered coal; And the acrylamide and acrylic acid potassium cross-linked copolymer after the suction and the volume ratio of fine perlite are 70: 30.
Botanical seedling culturing matrix also contains common seedling medium, and the cross-linked copolymer after the suction and the volume parts of common seedling medium are:
Cross-linked copolymer 20～30% after the suction,
Common seedling medium 70～80%.
Wherein, common seedling medium is common tobacco seedling medium, and the component and the volumn concentration of described common tobacco seedling medium are as follows:
The peat composed of rotten mosses 50～70% (V/V),
Peat or weathered coal 5～10% (V/V),
Fine perlite 25～30% (V/V),
Vermiculite 5～8% (V/V).
Botanical seedling culturing matrix of the present invention mainly is the seedling medium at tobacco, but other plant is also had broad spectrum activity, has following characteristics:
1, safety and environmental protection, nonpoisonous and tasteless, do not pollute plant, soil and underground water, be carbonic acid gas, water, ammoniacal nitrogen and sodium or potassium ion to final decomposer (in 2～5 years), do not have any residually, can not destroy soil structure.
2, can realize resource regeneration, resource conservation, protection environment;
3, retaining power is strong, but can not cause non-rot root;
4, stable performance, even under the condition of extreme drought, can the interior moisture of suck-back plant corpus yet.
Compare with conventional floating seedling cultivation substrate for flue-cured tobacco, the advantage that seedling medium of the present invention also possesses is:
1, promotes tobacco seedling growth, shorten into the seedling time;
2, realize no germ, no weeds matrix;
3, volume is little, in light weight, reduces cost of transportation low (1 mu seedling medium gross mass only is 800g);
4, the period of seedling establishment after the transplantation of seedlings of shortening cigarette;
5, the drought-resistant ability after the transplantation of seedlings of raising cigarette.
Description of drawings
Figure 1A-C is the germination rate situation of embodiment 1 tobacco in polyacrylate;
Fig. 2 is a tobacco growing situation after embodiment 1 sows 15 days;
Fig. 3 is the germination rate situations of embodiment 2 tobaccos in different disposal;
Fig. 4 A-F is the growing state of tobacco in different disposal after embodiment 3 sowing January;
Fig. 5 A-F is the growing state of tobacco in different disposal after 15 days January of embodiment 3 sowing;
Fig. 6 A-F is the growing state of tobacco in different disposal after 20 days January of embodiment 3 sowing;
Fig. 7 is that tobacco is handled one-tenth growth of cereal crop seedlings condition in 5 after embodiment 3 sowing February;
Fig. 8 A-D is embodiment 4 after planting 70 days, the generous growth photo of seedling in different disposal that light a cigarette in Guizhou;
Fig. 9 A-D is embodiment 4 after planting 30 days, the Guizhou Jinsha growth photo of seedling in different disposal that light a cigarette.
Embodiment
The using method of botanical seedling culturing matrix of the present invention is as follows:
1, matrix preparation (matrix that can prepare 2 mu of flue-cured tobacco transplanting seedlings)
With one bag of major ingredient---the cross-linked copolymer (500 gram) of acrylates (sylvite or sodium)-acrylamide is put into 55～60 kilograms of clear water, imbibition 4～6 hours.If there is unnecessary water to need to filter out unnecessary water with emery cloth.One bag of auxiliary material (expanded perlite 600 gram and weathered coal 500 grams) with after major ingredient fully mixes, has been made the matrix of growing seedlings, can carry out sabot, above matrix can be adorned 16 on the floating dish in 160 holes, the seedling medium consumption on satisfied 2 mu of cigarette ground.Notice that the water of the cross-linked copolymer of expansion acrylates-acrylamide must be clean running water, spring, well water etc.
2, sabot
The matrix for preparing is packed in the dish, can sow after compressing, wipe off with wooden unit or other instrument.Notice that after matrix is put into floating dish, must compress, matrix can be a little more than floating card.
3, sowing
Seeder with the band mouth is broadcast seed in the floating dish, and the mouth of seeder is pressed into stromal surface, and seed is entered in the matrix, and 1～2 seed is broadcast in every hole.Notice that seed must be broadcast in the matrix, must guard against seed and broadcasts on the monolithic substrate top.
4, cover
After seed finished, the surface need cover very thin one deck covering, seed is seemingly seen non-ly seen.Covering can be anosis fine earth, humus soil, pine needle (chopping up), dry branches and fallen leaves (in small, broken bits) etc.
5, go into the pond
Putting in the pond is clean water about 4 centimetres deeply, and floating dish is put into the pond.Notice that water must be clean, aseptic in the pond.
6, fertilising
During fertilising, earlier fertilizer is dissolved into the aqueous solution, pour in the pond uniformly again, and stir.
7, other management
Identical with conventional floating seedlings management.
The cross-linked copolymer of embodiment 1, acrylates-acrylamide is to the influence of tobacco seed germination rate
One, test material
Selecting particle diameter for use is cross-linked copolymer (the acrylamide and acrylic acid potassium cross-linked copolymer of 12～20 purpose acrylates-acrylamides, be called for short cross-linked polyacrylamide, buy in the vast Technew SA of Beijing Chinese power, product type is BJ2101XM, 12～20 orders), by every gram volume after the abundant imbibition is 100～120 cubic centimetres, in the culture dish of packing into, carries out the germination rate test.Tobacco bred: K326.
Two, result of the test
Tobacco seed is seeded in the matrix, and respectively at after planting 8 days, 15 days and 20 days Taking Pictures recordings were seen Figure 1A-1C respectively.
Can see that from above picture the tobacco seed germination rate can reach more than 70% in after planting 8 days, can reach more than 90% to 20 days germination rates.In the polyacrylate of cigarette seedling after suction normally there be not under the situation of applying fertilizer growth, cigarette seedling normal growth extends to always and germinateed back 12 days, and tobacco seedling growth goes out rough leaf, sees picture 2.
Above result shows that the cross-linked polyacrylamide after the imbibition does not have harmful effect to the germination rate of tobacco seed, can keep tobacco seedling growth under the situation of not applying fertilizer about 12 days, can be used as tobacco seedling medium and uses.
Embodiment 2, different seedling medium prescription are tested the tobacco seed bud ratio
One, test material
Selecting particle diameter for use is 15～20 orders and 20～40 purpose acrylamide and acrylic acid potassium cross-linked copolymers, be called for short cross-linked polyacrylamide (cross-linked polyacrylamide, buy in the vast Technew SA of Beijing Chinese power, product type is BJ2101XM, 12～20 orders), be 100～120 sides centimetre by every gram volume after the abundant imbibition; The conventional levitating seed-cultivating interstitial substance of flue-cured tobacco (is formed: the peat composed of rotten mosses---50～70% (V/V), peat (or weathered coal)---5～10% (V/V), fine perlite---25～30% (V/V), vermiculite---5～8% (V/V) buy in Guizhou Fuquan Jin Fu composite fertilizer Co., Ltd); Tobacco bred: K326.
Two, test is handled
Handle 1 and select 12～20 purpose cross-linked polyacrylamides for use, 100% (V/V);
Handle 2 and select 20～40 purpose cross-linked polyacrylamides for use, 100% (V/V);
Handle 3 and select 12～20 purpose cross-linked polyacrylamides for use, 90% (V/V)+expanded perlite 10% (V/V);
Handle 4 and select 12～20 purpose cross-linked polyacrylamides for use, 80% (V/V)+expanded perlite 20% (V/V);
Handle 5 and select 12～20 purpose cross-linked polyacrylamides for use, 70% (V/V)+expanded perlite 30% (V/V);
Handle 6 and select 12～20 purpose cross-linked polyacrylamides for use, 85% (V/V)+expanded perlite 10% (V/V)+vermiculite 5% (V/V);
Handle 7 and select 12～20 purpose cross-linked polyacrylamides for use, 75% (V/V)+expanded perlite 20% (V/V)+vermiculite 5% (V/V);
Handle 8 and select 12～20 purpose cross-linked polyacrylamides for use, 65% (V/V)+expanded perlite 30% (V/V)+vermiculite 5% (V/V);
Handle 9 12～20 purpose cross-linked polyacrylamides, 66.7% (V/V)+20～40 purpose cross-linked polyacrylamide, 33.3% (V/V);
Handle 10 12～20 purpose cross-linked polyacrylamides, 50% (V/V)+20～40 purpose cross-linked polyacrylamide, 50% (V/V);
Handle 11 12～20 purpose cross-linked polyacrylamides, 60% (V/V)+20～40 purpose cross-linked polyacrylamide, 20% (V/V)+expanded perlite 20% (V/V);
Handle 12 12～20 purpose cross-linked polyacrylamides, 57% (V/V)+20～40 purpose cross-linked polyacrylamide, 18% (V/V)+expanded perlite 20% (V/V)+vermiculite 5% (V/V).
Three, seedling management
According to the using method of matrix of the present invention, with medium in tray, sowing, every kind of processing has 4 * 4 holes, and 1～2 seed of every hole sowing after planting is positioned over floating dish in the pond and grows seedlings.
Four, result of the test
Sow after 7 days, the seed sprouting photo as shown in Figure 3, except that handling 9 and to handle 10 percentages of seedgermination be 87.5%, the percentage of seedgermination of other processing is all more than 93.8%.
The result shows that the cross-linked polyacrylamide of different-grain diameter and different auxiliary material ratio are little to the germination influence of tobacco seed.But after adding vermiculite in the auxiliary material, the matter of growing seedlings base subsides manyly especially, can bring adverse effect to cigarette seedling late growing stage.Therefore in this matrix formulations, can not add this auxiliary material of vermiculite.
Embodiment 3, different Friendly tobacco seedling raising medium formula test
One, test material
Selecting particle diameter for use is 15～20 order acrylamide and acrylic acid potassium cross-linked copolymers, and the abbreviation cross-linked polyacrylamide (cross-linked polyacrylamide, purchase is in Beijing vast Technew SA of Chinese power, product type is BJ2101XM, 12～20 orders); The conventional levitating seed-cultivating interstitial substance (with embodiment 2) of flue-cured tobacco; Kind: K326 grows seedlings.
Two, test is handled
Handle the conventional levitating seed-cultivating interstitial substance 60% (V/V) of 1 flue-cured tobacco, 15～20 purpose cross-linked polyacrylamide imbibitions 40% (V/V);
Handle the conventional levitating seed-cultivating interstitial substance 80% (V/V) of 2 flue-cured tobaccos, 15～20 purpose cross-linked polyacrylamide imbibitions 20% (V/V);
Handle the conventional levitating seed-cultivating interstitial substance of 3 per 1 liter of flue-cured tobacco and add 6 grams, 15～20 purpose cross-linked polyacrylamides, add water after the mixing, allow cross-linked polyacrylamide absorb water;
Handle the conventional levitating seed-cultivating interstitial substance of 4 per 1 liter of flue-cured tobacco and add 9 grams, 15～20 purpose cross-linked polyacrylamides, add water after the mixing, allow cross-linked polyacrylamide absorb water;
Handle 5 and all use 15～20 purpose cross-linked polyacrylamides, imbibition;
The conventional levitating seed-cultivating interstitial substance of contrast flue-cured tobacco.
Three, seedling management
According to the using method of matrix of the present invention, with medium in tray, sowing, every kind of processing has 3 * 3 holes, and 1～2 seed of every hole sowing after planting is positioned over floating dish and carries out floating seedlings in the pond.Apply fertilizer fertilising for the second time after January during sowing for the first time; Again through leaf-cutting for the first time after 20 days.
Four, result of the test
After sowing January, the photo of processing 1～5 and contrast is respectively as Fig. 4 A-Fig. 4 F, and from above picture, the tobacco seedling growth situation of processing 5 is best, is to handle 3 successively, and processing 2 contrasts, and handles 1, processing 4.
After sowing 15 days January, the photo of processing 1～5 and contrast is respectively as Fig. 7 A-Fig. 7 F, and from above picture, the tobacco seedling growth situation of processing 5 is best, is contrast successively, processing 2, and processing 1 handles 3, processing 4.
After sowing 20 days January, the photo of processing 1～5 and contrast is respectively as Fig. 8 A-Fig. 8 F, and from above picture, the tobacco seedling growth situation of processing 5 is best, is contrast successively, processing 2, and processing 1 handles 3, processing 4.
After sowing 20 days January, handle 5 tobaccos and become growth of cereal crop seedlings condition as shown in Figure 9, growing of cigarette seedling is normal, healthy and strong.
Five, conclusion
From above Friendly tobacco seedling raising medium formula test, except that handle 4 matrix formulations to the cigarette seedling become seedling influential, the matrix formulations of other processing, cigarette seedling can both normal growths, Cheng Miao.
To tobacco seedling growth, processing 5 is all better in the whole stage performance of growing seedlings from different matrix formulations, and it is neat to emerge, and growth is better, above contrast; Early stage, the tobacco seedling growth and the regularity of emerging were 3 better to handle, but the later stage tobacco seedling growth is bad; Handle 1 and the Cheng Miao that handles 2 pairs of cigarette seedlings do not have too much influence, but slightly comparison according to poor; The Cheng Miao that handles 4 pairs of cigarette seedlings has certain influence.
Tobacco seedling growth is basic near contrast behind the cross-linked polyacrylamide of interpolation some in common seedling medium, can prove the cross-linked polyacrylamide that can add some in common seedling medium.
Embodiment 4, different Friendly tobacco seedling raising medium formula test
Selecting particle diameter for use is 15～20 order acrylamide and acrylic acid potassium cross-linked copolymers, is called for short cross-linked polyacrylamide (cross-linked polyacrylamide is bought in the vast Technew SA of Beijing Chinese power, and product type is BJ2101XM, 12～20 orders); The conventional levitating seed-cultivating interstitial substance of flue-cured tobacco (matrix formulations is produced by Ruian, Guizhou company with embodiment 2); Kind: K326 grows seedlings.Test site: the generous and Guizhou Jinsha in Guizhou.
Two, test is handled
Handle 1 and select 12～20 purpose cross-linked polyacrylamides for use, 70% (after the imbibition, V/V)+expanded perlite 30% (V/V), wherein, cross-linked polyacrylamide and expanded perlite mass ratio are 1: 1.2, and are added with the weathered coal with quality such as cross-linked polyacrylamides;
Handle 2 and select 12～20 purpose cross-linked polyacrylamides for use, 85% (after the imbibition, V/V)+expanded perlite 15% (V/V); Wherein, cross-linked polyacrylamide and expanded perlite mass ratio are 1: 0.5;
Handle 3 and select 12～20 purpose cross-linked polyacrylamides for use, 100% (V/V);
Handle the conventional levitating seed-cultivating interstitial substance of 4 (contrast) flue-cured tobacco.
Three, seedling management
According to the using method of matrix of the present invention, with medium in tray, sowing, every kind of processing has two dishes (160 holes), establishes three repetitions altogether.1～2 seed of every hole sowing after planting is positioned over floating dish and carries out floating seedlings in the pond.Guizhou is generous in sowing on January 5, the sowing on February 11 of Guizhou Jinsha point.
Four, result of the test
The generous point in Guizhou: after planting 70 days, the growth photo of cigarette seedling (was followed successively by processing 1, processing 2, processing 3 and contrast respectively) respectively shown in Fig. 8 A-Fig. 8 D.From after planting 70 days tobacco seedling growth situation, the tobacco seedling growth of processing 1 was best, secondly was processing 2 and processing 3, but these three processing are all significantly better than handling 4 (contrasts).
Guizhou Jinsha point: after planting 34 days, the growth photo of cigarette seedling (was followed successively by processing 1, processing 2, processing 3 and contrast respectively) respectively shown in Fig. 9 A-Fig. 9 D.From after planting 34 days tobacco seedling growth situation, the tobacco seedling growth of processing 3 was best, secondly be processing 1 and processing 2 (processing 1 is little with the difference of processing 2), but these three processing was all significantly better than handling 4 (contrasts).
Five, conclusion
Matrix formulations of the present invention can promote tobacco seedling growth, growth, and the upgrowth situation of cigarette seedling is significantly better than conventional substrate.
Claims (9)
1, a kind of botanical seedling culturing matrix, the cross-linked copolymer that contains acrylates-acrylamide, volume after the described cross-linked copolymer suction of every gram is 100～120 cubic centimetres, the density of described cross-linked copolymer is 0.8 ton/cubic metre, and the mol ratio of acrylates and acrylamide is 1～4: 9～6 in the described cross-linked copolymer.
2, botanical seedling culturing matrix according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the copolymerzation with cross-linking body of described acrylates-acrylamide is acrylamide and acrylic acid potassium or PAA cross-linked copolymer, be preferably acrylamide and acrylic acid potassium cross-linked copolymer, particle diameter is 5～100 orders.
3, botanical seedling culturing matrix according to claim 2 is characterized in that: the model that described acrylamide and acrylic acid potassium cross-linked copolymer is Beijing vast Technew SA of Chinese power is the cross-linked copolymer of BJ2101XM, and particle diameter is 12～20 orders.
4, botanical seedling culturing matrix according to claim 3 is characterized in that: described botanical seedling culturing matrix also contains fine perlite, and the mass ratio of described cross-linked copolymer and fine perlite is 1: 1.2; Both volumn concentrations are as follows:
Cross-linked copolymer 70～100% after the suction,
Fine perlite 0～30%.
5, botanical seedling culturing matrix according to claim 4 is characterized in that: described botanical seedling culturing matrix also contains weathered coal, and the mass ratio of cross-linked copolymer and weathered coal is 1: 1.
6, botanical seedling culturing matrix according to claim 5 is characterized in that: the component and the content of described botanical seedling culturing matrix are as follows:
Every 250g acrylamide and acrylic acid potassium cross-linked copolymer is added with 300g fine perlite and 250g weathered coal;
And the acrylamide and acrylic acid potassium cross-linked copolymer after the suction and the volume ratio of fine perlite are 70: 30.
7, botanical seedling culturing matrix according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described botanical seedling culturing matrix also contains common seedling medium, and the cross-linked copolymer after the suction and the volumn concentration of common seedling medium are:
Cross-linked copolymer 5～100% after the suction,
Common seedling medium 0～95%.
8, botanical seedling culturing matrix according to claim 7 is characterized in that: described common seedling medium is common tobacco seedling medium, and the component and the volume parts of described common tobacco seedling medium are as follows:
The peat composed of rotten mosses 50～70,
Peat or weathered coal 5～10,
Fine perlite 25～30,
Vermiculite 5～8.
9, according to the arbitrary described botanical seedling culturing matrix of claim 1-8, it is characterized in that: described botanical seedling culturing matrix is the seedling medium at tobacco.
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