CN102771362A - Tobacco floating seedling culture medium and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Tobacco floating seedling culture medium and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a tobacco floating seedling culture medium and a preparation method thereof. The tobacco floating seedling culture medium contains 40-50 percent of turf, 10-20 percent of carbonized tobacco stalk particles, 10-20 percent of expanded perlite and 10-20 percent of vermiculite. The preparation method comprises the steps of: firstly crushing air-dried tobacco stalks into coarse particles, placing the coarse particles in a carbonizing furnace for carbonization at high temperature, cooling the carbonized particles, then crushing the carbonized particles, passing the carbonized particles through a sieve, and evenly mixing the carbonized particles with the turf, the expanded perlite and the vermiculite, and finally disinfecting the mixture to obtain the tobacco floating seedling culture medium. The source of the used tobacco stalks is rich, the price is low, the tobacco stalks contain various effective nutrients, the physical and chemical properties are stable, the medium which is prepared by using the tobacco stalks which replace partial turf is loose and air-permeable, the structure is stable, the air permeability and the water holding capacity are good, the pH (potential of hydrogen) value is appropriate, the cation exchange capacity is great, the quality of floating seedling culture can be effectively guaranteed, the sustainable development of floating seedling culture medium production is facilitated, the seedling culture cost is greatly decreased, the problem of insufficient disinfection is solved, the diseases are prevented and the prospect of application to tobacco floating seedling culture production is promising.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the tobacco floating seed rearing technology, be specifically related to a kind of tobacco floating seed rearing matrix and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Floating seedlings is a kind of new seedling-cultivating method; Represented state-of-the-art seedling growing process in the world today; It has concentrated advantages such as soilless culture, water planting (being nutrient fluid cultivation), the cultivation of nutrition soil, container (alms bowl formula) cultivation, non-toxic health cultivation in one; Be a great change of seedling growing process, in seedling productions such as tobacco, vegetables, flowers, nursery stock, obtained extensive use.
Tobacco floating seed rearing matrix is the basis of tobacco seedling, is that decision cigarette shoot root is the key factor of growing environment, and it more importantly is the effect of serving as terminal except support and gu field planting strain, makes nutrient and moisture from nutrient solution be able to transfer.At present peat is main component in the levitating seed-cultivating interstitial substance composition, and contains vermiculite and the perlite etc. of different proportion.Current, worldwide, tobacco floating seed rearing matrix all is disposable use, together gets into the land for growing field crops with the cigarette seedling during transplanting.Along with the fast development and the large scale application of floating seedlings technology, the demand of matrix will increase day by day.Yet the main component peat of current levitating seed-cultivating interstitial substance is non-renewable resources, receives the restriction of environmental protection and wet land protection.Because the excavation of peat resource receives the restriction of wet land protection treaty; The production of levitating seed-cultivating interstitial substance has received very big influence; In order to guarantee the sustainable development of floating seedlings, in conjunction with the resources advantage of China, the new matrix research of carrying out the novel substitution of resources peat composed of rotten mosses is very urgent.
Disclose a kind of floating seedling cultivation substrate for flue-cured tobacco among the Chinese patent document CN 101935253A, it mainly is made up of rice husk or stalk and mellow soil, the perlite of fermentation; Disclose a kind of novel floating seedling substrate special for tobacco among the CN 101828506B, it mainly is made up of the tabacco straw that becomes thoroughly decomposed, the rice straw that becomes thoroughly decomposed, charing tabacco straw and the peat composed of rotten mosses; Above-mentioned levitating seed-cultivating interstitial substance all need use the straw that becomes thoroughly decomposed or husk, chaff to be primary raw material; Exist long, time and effort consuming of production cycle; And the degree of becoming thoroughly decomposed is wayward, and the matrix physicochemical property that makes is difficult to keep homogeneous, stable, its commercialization is produced formed serious restriction; And practical experience shows that the kind of charing stalk is selected improper and charing stalk usage amount too much all can cause harmful effect to the growth of cigarette seedling.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that the present invention will solve provides that a kind of raw material is easy to get, physicochemical property is stable, be prone to form the tobacco floating seed rearing matrix of the no bad rhizosphere effect of aggregate structure, and discloses its preparation method.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical scheme that the present invention adopts is:
A kind of tobacco floating seed rearing matrix by weight percentage, contains the peat composed of rotten mosses 40%～50%, charing cigarette stalk particle 10%～20%, expanded perlite 10～20%, vermiculite 10～20%.
The preparation method of said charing cigarette stalk is following:
Get the fresh tabacco straw that obtains and be cut into the segment of 5～10cm, airing to tabacco straw moisture reduces to 10～15%, piles little buttress then, continues to increase stacking volume to 5～10cm after naked light ignites
3, extinguishing to naked light around the mudding stacking, charing is not till have dense smoke; Pulverize the cooling back; Sieve through 1mm, 2mm, 5mm and 8mm successively again, sieve again after the pulverizing of＞8mm, get each grade screening thing and mix; Making the shared respectively ratio of screening thing of particle diameter＜1mm, 1～2mm, 2～5mm and 5～8mm is 1～5%, 15～25%, 60～70% and 10～15%, promptly gets charing cigarette stalk particle.
The preparation method of said charing cigarette stalk is following:
Get the tabacco straw that dries or dry; Be ground into the particle that particle diameter is 5～8mm, put in the high temperature carbonization stove under 260～300 ℃ of conditions charing 75～80min; Pulverize the cooling back; Sieve through 1mm, 2mm, 5mm and 8mm successively again, sieve again after the pulverizing of＞8mm, get each grade screening thing and mix; Making the shared respectively ratio of screening thing of particle diameter＜1mm, 1～2mm, 2～5mm and 5～8mm is 1～5%, 15～25%, 60～70% and 10～15%, promptly gets charing cigarette stalk particle.
The particle diameter of said expanded perlite is 1～3mm.
The particle diameter of said vermiculite is 1～3mm.
Said tobacco floating seed rearing matrix contains the peat composed of rotten mosses 45%～50%, charing cigarette stalk particle 10%～15%, fine perlite 20%, vermiculite 20%.
The preparation method of said tobacco floating seed rearing matrix may further comprise the steps:
(1) get the segment that the fresh tabacco straw that obtains is cut into 5～10cm, airing to tabacco straw moisture reduces to 10～15%, piles little buttress then, continues to increase stacking volume to 5～10cm after naked light ignites
3, extinguishing to naked light around the mudding stacking, charing or is got the tabacco straw that dries or dry till do not have dense smoke, is ground into the particle that particle diameter is 5～8mm, puts in the high temperature carbonization stove under 260～300 ℃ of conditions charing 75～80min;
(2) pulverize the cooling back; Sieve through 1mm, 2mm, 5mm and 8mm successively again; Again sieve after the pulverizing of＞8mm; Get each grade screening thing and mix, making the shared respectively ratio of screening thing of particle diameter＜1mm, 1～2mm, 2～5mm and 5～8mm is 1～5%, 15～25%, 60～70% and 10～15%, promptly gets charing cigarette stalk particle;
(3) gained charing tobacco rod particle and the peat composed of rotten mosses, expanded perlite, vermiculite are mixed by the above-mentioned raw materials proportioning after, the sterilization back.
The present invention has actively useful effect:
1. material matching is reasonable, and the matrix granule degree is moderate, and is loose ventilative; Biological property is stable and form the knot of reuniting, and Stability Analysis of Structures, gas permeability and water binding capacity are good, acid-base value suitable, and cation exchange capacity is big; With the tobacco seedling well developed root system of its cultivation, the root system vigor is high, does not have bad rhizosphere effect.
2. the tabacco straw source of being selected for use is abundant, cheap, and charing tobacco rod particle is except that containing available potassium; Also contain available nutrients such as phosphorus, calcium, iron, magnesium, sulphur, physicochemical character is stable, with its alternative part peat composed of rotten mosses; Can effectively guarantee the quality of floating seedlings, help the sustainable development that levitating seed-cultivating interstitial substance is produced, and seedling cost is greatly reduced; But also solved the inadequate problem of sterilization, and avoid producing disease, wide application prospect is arranged in tobacco floating seed rearing production.
Expanded perlite aseptic, be stale-proof, good permeability, water absorption rate be high, raw material sources are abundant, and are cheap; The vermiculite good permeability, characteristics such as water absorbing force is strong, and variations in temperature is little; And the ability that ion exchange is arranged, the effect with loose matrix, it has great maintenance effect to the nutrition of matrix; Vermiculite is used for culture matrix, helps the growth of crop, also can reduce the input of fertilizer.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the collection of illustrative plates that influences of vigor to the cigarette shoot root for the different substrates proportioning;
Fig. 2 is the influence collection of illustrative plates of different substrates proportioning to cigarette seedling vitality of nitrate reductase;
Fig. 3 is the influence collection of illustrative plates of different substrates proportioning to cigarette seedling invertase vigor.
Embodiment
Used raw material etc. if no special instructions, are commercially available among the following embodiment; Method therefor is conventional method if no special instructions.
Embodiment 1: this experiment is divided into invention group and control group (levitating seed-cultivating interstitial substance in each group constitutes and sees table 1), and cigarette seedling 2 dishes (480 strain) are educated in each processing.Respectively at seeding time, after planting 30d, that after planting 45d applies floating seedlings is special-purpose fertile, makes that Different Nitrogen Concentration reaches 100mg/kg, 100mg/kg and 50mg/kg in the nutrient solution.The little cross phase of cigarette seedling is carried out a final singling, keeps overall cigarette seedling uniformity, irregularly in the seedbed, pours water, and keeps stable level, and other management method is identical.The temperature on seedling-cultivating tray surface remains on 20～25 ℃, and relative moisture can not be above 3 days greater than 90% lasting number of days.Use nutrient solution in the course of cultivation, its mineral nutrient content is: N 20 mg/kg, P
20
510 mg/kg, K
20 20mg/kg, Mg 0.05 mg/kg, S 0.05 mg/kg, Fe 0.05 mg/kg, M n 0.05 mg/kg, B 0.02 mg/kg, Cu 0.02 mg/kg, Zn 0.02 mg/kg, Mo 0.05 mg/kg.Wherein the electrical conductivity EC value of nutrient solution is 1.25Ms/cm, and the pH value is 7.
Table 1 is respectively handled matrix and is constituted
| Handle numbering | Matrix constitutes |
| 1 | 50% peat composed of rotten mosses+10% charing cigarette stalk particle+20% fine perlite+20% |
| 2 | 45% peat composed of rotten mosses+15% charing cigarette stalk particle+20% fine perlite+20% |
| 3 | 40% peat composed of rotten mosses+20% charing cigarette stalk particle+20% fine perlite+20% |
| 4 | 60% charing cigarette stalk particle+20% fine perlite+20% vermiculite |
| CK | Commodity matrix (floating seedlings material factory in Zhengzhou produces, and primary raw material is the peat composed of rotten mosses) |
Each is handled and all to adopt the said method cultivation seedling-cultivating, and at 40d after planting, each handles random sampling 20 strains respectively, measures its plant height, stem girth, the number of sheets (greater than 2cm), root, stem, the bright dry weight of leaf respectively; At after planting 30d and 50d, each handles equal random sampling 10 strains respectively, measures its one-level lateral root number, secondary lateral root number, total radical respectively; Each handles random sampling 10 strains at the 9:00-10:00 of 50d after planting, gets its functional leaf, measures blade vitality of nitrate reductase, invertase vigor after removing master pulse.Each handles random sampling 10 strains simultaneously, measures its root system vigor respectively; The root system vigor is measured with the TTC method, and vitality of nitrate reductase adopts the live body method to measure, and the invertase vigor adopts colorimetric method for determining.Result of the test is seen table 2, table 3 and Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3.
Economical character is the basic index of reflection cigarette seedling outward appearance growing way appearance.From table 2, can know, after planting during 30d, handle the 1 cigarette seedling stem girth of cultivating, root, leaf aquatic foods dry weight and not only be higher than contrast, and in 4 processing, behave oneself best; The plant height of processing 3, the bright dry weight of stem show in 4 processing better, but are lower than contrast.Handling 2 shows relatively poor relatively with processing 4.After planting during 40d, the number of sheets, plant height, stem girth and the root, stem and leaf dry weight and fresh weight of plant seedlings of handling the 1 cigarette seedling of cultivating behave oneself best in 4 processing, and on stem girth, root, leaf aquatic foods dry weight, have surpassed contrast; It is better relatively to handle 2 performances, and the number of sheets is approaching with contrast, and the two differs 0.1, all is higher than contrast on stem girth, root, the leaf dry weight and fresh weight of plant seedlings.Comprehensive above 4 performances of handling 30d and 40d economical character can be found out; Handling 1 shows better with the economical character of handling the 2 cigarette seedlings of cultivating; Show handle 1 with the substrate composition of handling 2 to be fit to tobacco seedling growth close with commodity matrix, some aspect even surpass commodity matrix.
Table 2 different substrates proportioning is to the influence (40d) of cigarette seedling economical character
The upgrowth situation of root system has determined the deliverability of mineral nutrition in the plant growth and development process.Root quantity is the basic index of reflection root system development situation.Can know that from table 3 when 30d after planting, it is maximum to handle 3 one-level lateral root, and is higher than contrast, other are several all a little less than contrast; When 50d after planting, it is maximum to handle 1 one-level lateral root, and is higher than contrast, and all the other 3 all are lower than contrast; As far as the secondary lateral root, when 30d after planting, the secondary lateral root of 4 processing all is lower than contrast; When 50d after planting, all be higher than contrast, it is maximum wherein to handle 2 secondary lateral root, has more 51 of contrasts; As far as total radical, after planting during 30d, total radical of 4 processing all is less than contrast, and after planting during 50d, total radical of 4 processing is all more than contrast, and the performance situation of this and secondary lateral root is consistent.To sum up analyze and can know, in growth early stage, the root system development of commodity matrix cigarette seedling is very fast, and 4 processing is slow relatively, and in the later stage, 4 root system development speed of handling the cigarette seedlings is caught up with and surpassed commodity matrix.
Table 3 different substrates proportioning is to the influence of the root quantity of cigarette seedling
The root system vigor refers to that plant root absorbs the ability of moisture and nutrient and synthetic, and its size has reflected that root system absorbs the power of the ability of moisture and nutrient, is to weigh a plant growing stalwartness whether important physiological index.As can beappreciated from fig. 1, the root system vigor of 4 processing cigarette seedlings there are differences with the variation of host material and proportioning, shows that host material and proportioning are that vigor exists influence to the cigarette shoot root.The root system vigor that is embodied in 4 processing all is lower than contrast; The substrate composition that shows 4 processing is the too late commodity matrix of influence of vigor to the cigarette shoot root; And the root system vigor of 4 processing reduces successively; This is consistent with the variation of peat composed of rotten mosses content, shows that the peat composed of rotten mosses is that the influence of vigor is better than the charing tobacco rod to the cigarette shoot root.To sum up analyze and can know, processing 1 and processing 2 substrate compositions are better relatively and contrast is more approaching.
Nitrate reductase is the induced enzyme and the rate-limiting enzyme of plant nitrogen metabolism, in cigarette strain nitrogen metabolism process, plays a part very importantly, is the leading indicator of reflection tobacco leaf nitrogen metabolism level, and its active height directly influences nutrition condition and nitrogen metabolism level of cigarette strain.Can know from Fig. 2; In 4 processing, vitality of nitrate reductase shows that along with the minimizing of peat composed of rotten mosses content reduces successively the peat composed of rotten mosses is superior to the charing tobacco rod to the influence of cigarette seedling vitality of nitrate reductase; And the vitality of nitrate reductase of 4 processing all is lower than contrast; The substrate composition that shows 4 processing is good not as good as commodity matrix to the influence of cigarette seedling vitality of nitrate reductase, and wherein, the vitality of nitrate reductase of processing 1 is the highest in 4 processing.
The charcoal metabolism of invertase and plant is closely related; But sucrose inversion forms monose in the catalysis cytoplasm, promotes that triose phosphate outwards turns round in the chloroplast, makes starch accumulation minimizing in the chloroplast; And through with the oxidative phosphorylation produce power of respiration Ou Lian, photosynthetic charcoal fixation procedure is strengthened.Can know that from Fig. 3 in 4 processing, processing 1 is higher relatively with the invertase vigor of handling 2, processing 3 is relatively low with processing 4, shows that the peat composed of rotten mosses is better than the charing tobacco rod to the influence of cigarette seedling invertase vigor.
The preparation method of said tobacco floating seed rearing matrix may further comprise the steps:
(1) get the segment that the fresh tabacco straw that obtains is cut into 5～10cm, airing to tabacco straw moisture reduces to 10～15%, piles little buttress then, continues to increase the stacking volume after naked light ignites to 8cm
3, extinguishing to naked light around the mudding stacking, charing is not till have dense smoke;
(2) pulverize the cooling back; Sieve through 1mm, 2mm, 5mm and 8mm successively again; Again sieve after the pulverizing of＞8mm; Get each grade screening thing and mix, making the shared respectively ratio of screening thing of particle diameter＜1mm, 1～2mm, 2～5mm and 5～8mm is 5%, 20%, 65% and 10%, promptly gets charing cigarette stalk particle;
(3) with gained charing tobacco rod particle and the peat composed of rotten mosses, expanded perlite, vermiculite by after proportioning raw materials mixes in the table 1, the sterilization back.
Though, the present invention has been done detailed description in the preceding text with general explanation and specific embodiments, on basis of the present invention, can to some modifications of do or improvement, this will be apparent to those skilled in the art.Therefore, these modifications or improvements all belong to the scope of protection of present invention without departing from theon the basis of the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a tobacco floating seed rearing matrix by weight percentage, contains the peat composed of rotten mosses 40%～50%, charing cigarette stalk particle 10%～20%, expanded perlite 10～20%, vermiculite 10～20%.
2. tobacco floating seed rearing matrix according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the preparation method of said charing cigarette stalk is following:
Get the fresh tabacco straw that obtains and be cut into the segment of 5～10cm, airing to tabacco straw moisture reduces to 10～15%, piles little buttress then, continues to increase stacking volume to 5～10cm after naked light ignites
3, extinguishing to naked light around the mudding stacking, charing is not till have dense smoke; Pulverize the cooling back; Sieve through 1mm, 2mm, 5mm and 8mm successively again, sieve again after the pulverizing of＞8mm, get each grade screening thing and mix; Making the shared respectively ratio of screening thing of particle diameter＜1mm, 1～2mm, 2～5mm and 5～8mm is 1～5%, 15～25%, 60～70% and 10～15%, promptly gets charing cigarette stalk particle.
3. tobacco floating seed rearing matrix according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the preparation method of said charing cigarette stalk is following:
Get the tabacco straw that dries or dry; Be ground into the particle that particle diameter is 5～8mm, put in the high temperature carbonization stove under 260～300 ℃ of conditions charing 75～80min; Pulverize the cooling back; Sieve through 1mm, 2mm, 5mm and 8mm successively again, sieve again after the pulverizing of＞8mm, get each grade screening thing and mix; Making the shared respectively ratio of screening thing of particle diameter＜1mm, 1～2mm, 2～5mm and 5～8mm is 1～5%, 15～25%, 60～70% and 10～15%, promptly gets charing cigarette stalk particle.
4. according to claim 2 or 3 described tobacco floating seed rearing matrix, it is characterized in that the particle diameter of said expanded perlite is 1～3mm.
5. according to claim 2 or 3 described tobacco floating seed rearing matrix, it is characterized in that the particle diameter of said vermiculite is 1～3mm.
6. according to claim 2 or 3 described tobacco floating seed rearing matrix, it is characterized in that said tobacco floating seed rearing matrix contains the peat composed of rotten mosses 45%～50%, charing cigarette stalk particle 10%～15%, fine perlite 20%, vermiculite 20%.
7. the preparation method of the said tobacco floating seed rearing matrix of claim 1 may further comprise the steps:
(1) get the segment that the fresh tabacco straw that obtains is cut into 5～10cm, airing to tabacco straw moisture reduces to 10～15%, piles little buttress then, continues to increase stacking volume to 5～10cm after naked light ignites
3, extinguishing to naked light around the mudding stacking, charing or is got the tabacco straw that dries or dry till do not have dense smoke, is ground into the particle that particle diameter is 5～8mm, puts in the high temperature carbonization stove under 260～300 ℃ of conditions charing 75～80min;
(2) pulverize the cooling back; Sieve through 1mm, 2mm, 5mm and 8mm successively again; Again sieve after the pulverizing of＞8mm; Get each grade screening thing and mix, making the shared respectively ratio of screening thing of particle diameter＜1mm, 1～2mm, 2～5mm and 5～8mm is 1～5%, 15～25%, 60～70% and 10～15%, promptly gets charing cigarette stalk particle;
(3) gained charing tobacco rod particle and the peat composed of rotten mosses, expanded perlite, vermiculite are mixed by the described proportioning raw materials of claim 1 after, the sterilization back.
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| CN103074094A (en) * | 2013-02-05 | 2013-05-01 | 云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所 | Method for preparing charcoal by tobacco straws |
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| CN103355151A (en) * | 2013-08-05 | 2013-10-23 | 四川农业大学 | Matrix for tobacco float breeding |
| CN103570423A (en) * | 2013-11-09 | 2014-02-12 | 云南省烟草公司大理州公司 | Flue-cured tobacco seedling-culturing substrate prepared from tobacco stem biochar and decomposed tobacco stems |
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| CN104885889A (en) * | 2015-05-12 | 2015-09-09 | 河南艾农生物科技有限公司 | Matrix for tobacco floating seedling |
| CN110338032A (en) * | 2019-07-24 | 2019-10-18 | 湖南省湘晖农业技术开发有限公司 | Levitating seed-cultivating interstitial substance and preparation method thereof |
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| CN103262741A (en) * | 2013-05-29 | 2013-08-28 | 华南农业大学 | Method for prompting growth and development of tobacco floating seedlings |
| CN103262741B (en) * | 2013-05-29 | 2014-11-12 | 华南农业大学 | Method for prompting growth and development of tobacco floating seedlings |
| CN103355151A (en) * | 2013-08-05 | 2013-10-23 | 四川农业大学 | Matrix for tobacco float breeding |
| CN103355151B (en) * | 2013-08-05 | 2015-11-25 | 四川农业大学 | A kind of matrix for tobacco floating seed rearing |
| CN103570423A (en) * | 2013-11-09 | 2014-02-12 | 云南省烟草公司大理州公司 | Flue-cured tobacco seedling-culturing substrate prepared from tobacco stem biochar and decomposed tobacco stems |
| CN103570423B (en) * | 2013-11-09 | 2015-05-13 | 云南省烟草公司大理州公司 | Flue-cured tobacco seedling-culturing substrate prepared from tobacco stem biochar and decomposed tobacco stems |
| CN104140337A (en) * | 2014-08-14 | 2014-11-12 | 何丙建 | Float breeding substrate formula and application thereof |
| CN104885889A (en) * | 2015-05-12 | 2015-09-09 | 河南艾农生物科技有限公司 | Matrix for tobacco floating seedling |
| CN110338032A (en) * | 2019-07-24 | 2019-10-18 | 湖南省湘晖农业技术开发有限公司 | Levitating seed-cultivating interstitial substance and preparation method thereof |
| CN111328667A (en) * | 2020-03-27 | 2020-06-26 | 呼伦贝尔市林业科学研究所 | Method for raising seedlings by using camphor pine bark substrate |
| CN111492934A (en) * | 2020-06-04 | 2020-08-07 | 湖南省烟草公司永州市公司 | Novel environment-friendly tobacco floating seedling substrate and preparation method and application thereof |
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