CN102754590A - Tobacco floating growing substrate and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Tobacco floating growing substrate and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102754590A CN102754590A CN2012102656872A CN201210265687A CN102754590A CN 102754590 A CN102754590 A CN 102754590A CN 2012102656872 A CN2012102656872 A CN 2012102656872A CN 201210265687 A CN201210265687 A CN 201210265687A CN 102754590 A CN102754590 A CN 102754590A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a tobacco floating growing substrate and a preparation method thereof. The tobacco floating growing substrate comprises 65-80 percent of rotten peanut chaff, 10-20 percent of expanded perlite and 10-20 percent of vermiculite. The preparation method of the tobacco floating growing substrate comprises the following steps of: removing impurities from peanut shells and crushing the peanut shells to obtain peanut chaff of 3-6mm; adjusting the obtained peanut chaff until the water content is 60-70 percent; adding an HM (high methoxyl pectin) decomposition agent and uniformly mixing the HM decomposition agent with urea for stack retting; maintaining the temperature in the decomposition high-temperature stage to be 55-65DEG C; when the temperature in the stack is risen to over 65DEG C, turning stacks and reducing the temperature in time; when the temperature in the stack is recovered to normal temperature without raising, obtaining the rotten peanut chaff, sterilizing the rotten peanut chaff and uniformly mixing the rotten peanut chaff with the expanded perlite and the vermiculite according to the mixture ratio to form the tobacco floating growing substrate. The tobacco floating growing substrate has the advantages of moderate granularity, looseness and permeability, formed aggregated structure, favorable permeability and water retention property and stable physical and chemical properties; and the activities of tobacco nitrate reductase and saccharase can be improved and the development of a tobacco root system is promoted.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the tobacco floating seed rearing technology, be specifically related to a kind of tobacco floating seed rearing matrix and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Floating seedlings is a kind of new seedling-cultivating method; Represented state-of-the-art seedling growing process in the world today; It has concentrated advantages such as soilless culture, water planting (being nutrient fluid cultivation), the cultivation of nutrition soil, container (alms bowl formula) cultivation, non-toxic health cultivation in one; Be a great change of seedling growing process, in seedling productions such as tobacco, vegetables, flowers, nursery stock, obtained extensive use.
Tobacco floating seed rearing matrix is the basis of tobacco seedling, is that decision cigarette shoot root is the key factor of growing environment, and it more importantly is the effect of serving as terminal except support and gu field planting strain, makes nutrient and moisture from nutrient solution be able to transfer.At present peat is main component in the levitating seed-cultivating interstitial substance composition, and contains vermiculite and the perlite etc. of different proportion.Current, worldwide, tobacco floating seed rearing matrix all is disposable use, together gets into the land for growing field crops with the cigarette seedling during transplanting.Along with the fast development and the large scale application of floating seedlings technology, the demand of matrix will increase day by day.Yet the main component peat of current levitating seed-cultivating interstitial substance is non-renewable resources, receives the restriction of environmental protection and wet land protection.Because the excavation of peat resource receives the restriction of wet land protection treaty; The production of levitating seed-cultivating interstitial substance has received very big influence; In order to guarantee the sustainable development of floating seedlings, in conjunction with the resources advantage of China, the new matrix research of carrying out the alternative peat composed of rotten mosses of novel low-cost resource is very urgent.
In the prior art; Have with tabacco straw, rice straw and substitute the primary raw material of the peat composed of rotten mosses as preparation tobacco floating seed rearing matrix; Like disclosed novel floating seedling substrate special for tobacco of patent documentation CN101828506A etc.; And tabacco straw promptly derives from tobacco plant itself, is prone to tobacco root is produced bad rhizosphere effect as the feedstock production tobacco seedling medium with it; And the contained nutrient component of gramineous plants stalk such as rice straw is limited or the nutrient composition is difficult to coordinate supply, and then has influence on the growth of cigarette seedling, more is difficult to as materials such as the peat composed of rotten mosses effective promotion or stimulates the growth of tobacco root.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that the present invention will solve provides that a kind of raw material is easy to get, physicochemical property is stable, be prone to form aggregate structure and tobacco floating seed rearing matrix that do not have bad rhizosphere effect, and discloses its preparation method.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical scheme that the present invention adopts is:
A kind of tobacco floating seed rearing matrix by weight percentage, contains the peanut chaff 65%～80% that becomes thoroughly decomposed, expanded perlite 10～20%, vermiculite 10～20%.
The particle diameter of said expanded perlite is 1～3mm.
The particle diameter of said vermiculite is 1～3mm.
The preparation method of the said peanut chaff that becomes thoroughly decomposed is following:
Earlier peanut hull meal is broken into the peanut chaff that particle diameter is 3～6mm; And reconcile its moisture to 60～70%, and adding HM become thoroughly decomposed agent and urea successively by 0.5～2 ‰, 1～2 ‰ of peanut chaff siccative weight respectively again, stacking becomes thoroughly decomposed behind the mixing; Temperature maintenance is 55～65 ℃ in the hot stage that the becomes thoroughly decomposed buttress; When temperature rises to more than 65 ℃ in the buttress, should in time turn over the buttress cooling, temperature returns to the peanut chaff that must become thoroughly decomposed when normal temperature no longer raises in heap.
The preparation method of said tobacco floating seed rearing matrix may further comprise the steps:
(1) gets peanut shell, be ground into the peanut chaff that particle diameter is 3～6mm behind the removal impurity;
(2) water content to 60～70% of adjusting gained peanut chaff;
(3) add HM become thoroughly decomposed agent and urea by 0.5～2 ‰, 1～2% of peanut chaff weight respectively; Stacking becomes thoroughly decomposed behind the mixing; Temperature maintenance is 55～65 ℃ in the hot stage that the becomes thoroughly decomposed buttress; Temperature rises to more than 65 ℃ in buttress, in time turns over the buttress cooling, and temperature returns to the peanut chaff that must become thoroughly decomposed when normal temperature no longer raises in heap;
(4) the gained peanut chaff sterilization back of becoming thoroughly decomposed is mixed with river sand, and make the peanut chaff that becomes thoroughly decomposed account for 65%～80wt%, expanded perlite 10～20wt%, vermiculite 10～20 wt%, behind the abundant mixing of each material.
The peanut chaff belongs to pulse family pod shell powder; The contained abundant nutrients in back of becoming thoroughly decomposed (after decomposing micromolecular amino acid like contained protein component, can stimulate and improve the root system vigor, and then the growing of promotion tobacco root); Biological property is stable, and is very suitable to tobacco seedling medium.
The present invention has actively useful effect:
The collocation of moderate, each raw material type of tobacco floating seed rearing cultivation matrix granularity and grating rationally, loose ventilative, biological property is stable and form aggregate structure, Stability Analysis of Structures, gas permeability and water binding capacity are good and do not have a bad rhizosphere effect.
2. with the tobacco seedling well developed root system of this substrate culture; Stem is sturdy and soft, the blade neat and consistent; Quantity foot, strong stress resistance also make the matrix good water-retaining property of breathing freely, and have satisfied the needs of tobacco seedling growth to a great extent; And cultivation matrix obviously improved tobacco leaf vitality of nitrate reductase and invertase vigor, promoted the cigarette seedling in the obvious increase aspect thick of plant height, root quantity, root length and stem.
3. the peanut chaff aboundresources that the present invention selected for use; Wide material sources utilize after the peanut chaff becomes thoroughly decomposed, and not only rich nutrient contents can be provided; And physicochemical character is stable; On producing, very big use value is arranged, can expand the development space of levitating seed-cultivating interstitial substance greatly, and guarantee and the technical support on the material is provided for the sustainable development aborning of floating seedlings technology.
Expanded perlite aseptic, be stale-proof, good permeability, water absorption rate be high, raw material sources are abundant, and are cheap; The vermiculite good permeability, characteristics such as water absorbing force is strong, and variations in temperature is little; And the ability that ion exchange is arranged, the effect with loose matrix, it has great maintenance effect to the nutrition of matrix; Vermiculite is used for culture matrix, helps the growth of crop, also can reduce the input of fertilizer.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the collection of illustrative plates that influences of vigor to the cigarette shoot root for the different substrates proportioning;
Fig. 2 is the influence collection of illustrative plates of different substrates proportioning to cigarette seedling vitality of nitrate reductase;
Fig. 3 is the influence collection of illustrative plates of different substrates proportioning to cigarette seedling invertase vigor.
Embodiment
Used raw material etc. if no special instructions, are commercially available among the following embodiment; Method therefor is conventional method if no special instructions.
Embodiment 1: this experiment is divided into invention group and control group (levitating seed-cultivating interstitial substance in each group constitutes and sees table 1), and cigarette seedling 2 dishes (480 strain) are educated in each processing.Respectively at seeding time, after planting 30d, that after planting 45d applies floating seedlings is special-purpose fertile, makes that Different Nitrogen Concentration reaches 100mg/kg, 100mg/kg and 50mg/kg in the nutrient solution.The little cross phase of cigarette seedling is carried out a final singling, keeps overall cigarette seedling uniformity, irregularly in the seedbed, pours water, and keeps stable level, and other management method is identical.The temperature on seedling-cultivating tray surface remains on 20～25 ℃, and relative moisture can not be above 3 days greater than 90% lasting number of days.Use nutrient solution in the course of cultivation, its mineral nutrient content is: N 20 mg/kg, P
20
510 mg/kg, K
20 20mg/kg, Mg 0.05 mg/kg, S 0.05 mg/kg, Fe 0.05 mg/kg, M n 0.05 mg/kg, B 0.02 mg/kg, Cu 0.02 mg/kg, Zn 0.02 mg/kg, Mo 0.05 mg/kg.Wherein the electrical conductivity EC value of nutrient solution is 1.25Ms/cm, and the pH value is 7.
Table 1 is respectively handled matrix and is constituted
| Handle numbering | Matrix constitutes |
| 1 | 60% peanut chaff+20% fine perlite+20% vermiculite that becomes thoroughly decomposed |
| 2 | 65% peanut chaff+20% fine perlite+15% vermiculite that becomes thoroughly decomposed |
| 3 | 70% peanut chaff+20% fine perlite+10% vermiculite that becomes thoroughly decomposed |
| 4 | 75% peanut chaff+15% fine perlite+10% vermiculite that becomes thoroughly decomposed |
| 5 | 80% peanut chaff+10% fine perlite+10% vermiculite that becomes thoroughly decomposed |
| CK | Commodity matrix (floating seedlings material factory in Zhengzhou produces, and primary raw material is the peat composed of rotten mosses) |
Each is handled and all to adopt the said method cultivation seedling-cultivating, and at 40d after planting, each handles random sampling 20 strains respectively, measures its plant height, stem girth, the number of sheets (greater than 2cm), root, stem, the bright dry weight of leaf respectively; At after planting 30d and 50d, each handles equal random sampling 10 strains respectively, measures its one-level lateral root number, secondary lateral root number, total radical respectively; Each handles random sampling 10 strains at the 9:00-10:00 of 50d after planting, gets its functional leaf, measures blade vitality of nitrate reductase, invertase vigor after removing master pulse.Each handles random sampling 10 strains simultaneously, measures its root system vigor respectively; The root system vigor is measured with the TTC method, and vitality of nitrate reductase adopts the live body method to measure, and the invertase vigor adopts colorimetric method for determining.Result of the test is seen table 2, table 3 and Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3.
Economical character is the basic index of reflection cigarette seedling outward appearance growing way appearance.When 45d after planting, handle 5 the number of sheets more than contrast, the number of sheets of other 4 processing is lower than contrast, but the number of sheets of 5 processing and contrast difference are not remarkable; The plant height of processing 4 is the highest and contrast difference is remarkable, and the plant height of processing 2,3,5 is placed in the middle, and the plant height of processing 1 is minimum; Handle 3,4,5 stem girth greater than contrast, wherein handle 5 significantly, handle 1 and be lower than contrast with the stem girth of handling 2 with contrast difference; On root, stem, the bright dry weight of leaf; Handle 5 and all be higher than contrast, behave oneself best, handle 3,4 performances better; To sum up analyze and to know; Handle 3,4,5 and cultivate cigarette seedling economical character better (seeing table 2), show that handling matrix prepared for these 3 has physicochemical character preferably, helps growing of cigarette seedling.
Table 2 different substrates proportioning is to the influence (45d) of cigarette seedling economical character
Root quantity is the basic index of reflection root system development situation.Its upgrowth situation has determined the deliverability of mineral nutrition in the plant growth and development process.Handle 1 one-level lateral root number and when 30d after planting, be higher than contrast, other 4 processing are lower than contrast, handle 5 one-level lateral root number and when 50d after planting, are higher than contrast, and all the other 4 processing are lower than contrast.On secondary lateral root number and total radical, during 30d, 5 processing all are higher than contrast, and during 50d, except handling 2, other 4 processing are higher than contrast.To sum up analyze and can know, 5 processing performances on secondary lateral root and total radical are better relatively, referring to table 3.
Table 3 different substrates proportioning is to the influence of the root quantity of cigarette seedling
The root system vigor refers to that plant root absorbs the ability of moisture, nutrient and synthetic, and its size has reflected that root system absorbs the power of the ability of moisture and nutrient, is to weigh a plant growing stalwartness whether important physiological index.The different substrates proportioning is that vigor has Different Effects to the cigarette shoot root; Be embodied in from handling 1 to handling 5; The root system vigor of cigarette seedling is along with the increase of peanut chaff ratio shows as decline earlier decline again of afterwards rising; And 5 root system vigor of handling the cigarette seedling of cultivating all are higher than contrast, show that the peanut chaff that becomes thoroughly decomposed has facilitation preferably to the growth of cigarette shoot root system, referring to Fig. 1.Wherein handle 4 the highlyest, show that to handle 4 proportioning optimum to the growth of cigarette shoot root system.
Chlorophyll is that plant carries out photosynthetic main pigment, in photosynthetic light absorption, plays the role of a nucleus, and the chlorophyll content height has reflected photosynthetic level to a certain extent.From handling 1 to handling 5; Chlorophyll content shows as to descend earlier and afterwards rises; Show that the substrates with different proportioning has different influences to the chlorophyll content of cigarette seedling; And 5 chlorophyll contents of handling the cigarette seedlings of cultivating all are higher than contrast, and this shows that the peanut chaff that becomes thoroughly decomposed has facilitation preferably to the chlorophyll content of cigarette seedling, referring to Fig. 2.Wherein, the chlorophyll content of handling the 5 cigarette seedlings of cultivating is the highest, handles 1 and takes second place, and handles 5 comparisons according to high 0.24mg/g.
Nitrate reductase is the induced enzyme and the rate-limiting enzyme of plant nitrogen metabolism, in cigarette strain nitrogen metabolism process, plays a part very importantly, is the leading indicator of reflection tobacco leaf nitrogen metabolism level, and its active height directly influences nutrition condition and nitrogen metabolism level of cigarette strain.5 vitality of nitrate reductase of handling the cigarette seedlings of cultivating progressively raise, this with 5 processing in the content of organic matter consistent, show the raising generation favorable influence of the increase of content of organic matter content in the matrix, referring to Fig. 3 to cigarette seedling vitality of nitrate reductase.
Though, the present invention has been done detailed description in the preceding text with general explanation and specific embodiments, on basis of the present invention, can to some modifications of do or improvement, this will be apparent to those skilled in the art.Therefore, these modifications or the improvement on the basis of not departing from spirit of the present invention, made all belong to the scope that requirement of the present invention is protected.
Claims (5)
1. a tobacco floating seed rearing matrix by weight percentage, contains the peanut chaff 65%～80% that becomes thoroughly decomposed, expanded perlite 10～20%, vermiculite 10～20%.
2. tobacco floating seed rearing matrix according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the particle diameter of said expanded perlite is 1～3mm.
3. tobacco floating seed rearing matrix according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the particle diameter of said vermiculite is 1～3mm.
4. tobacco floating seed rearing matrix according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the preparation method of the said peanut chaff that becomes thoroughly decomposed is following:
Earlier peanut hull meal is broken into the peanut chaff that particle diameter is 3～6mm; And reconcile its moisture to 60～70%, and adding HM become thoroughly decomposed agent and urea successively by 0.5～2 ‰, 1～2 ‰ of peanut chaff siccative weight respectively again, stacking becomes thoroughly decomposed behind the mixing; Temperature maintenance is 55～65 ℃ in the hot stage that the becomes thoroughly decomposed buttress; Temperature rises to more than 65 ℃ in buttress, in time turns over the buttress cooling, and temperature returns to the peanut chaff that must become thoroughly decomposed when normal temperature no longer raises in heap.
5. the preparation method of the said tobacco floating seed rearing matrix of claim 1 may further comprise the steps:
(1) gets peanut shell, be ground into the peanut chaff that particle diameter is 3～6mm behind the removal impurity;
(2) water content to 60～70% of adjusting gained peanut chaff;
(3) add HM become thoroughly decomposed agent and urea by 0.5～2 ‰, 1～2% of peanut chaff weight successively; Stacking becomes thoroughly decomposed behind the mixing; Temperature maintenance is 55～65 ℃ in the hot stage that the becomes thoroughly decomposed buttress; Temperature rises to more than 65 ℃ in buttress, in time turns over the buttress cooling, and temperature returns to the peanut chaff that must become thoroughly decomposed when normal temperature no longer raises in heap;
(4) the gained peanut chaff sterilization back of becoming thoroughly decomposed is mixed with river sand, and make the peanut chaff that becomes thoroughly decomposed account for 65%～80wt%, expanded perlite 10～20wt%, vermiculite 10～20 wt%, behind the abundant mixing of each material.
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| CN2012102656872A CN102754590A (en) | 2012-07-30 | 2012-07-30 | Tobacco floating growing substrate and preparation method thereof |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103229706A (en) * | 2013-05-20 | 2013-08-07 | 湖南省烟草公司永州市公司 | Organic matrix for culturing tobacco seedlings |
| CN104885889A (en) * | 2015-05-12 | 2015-09-09 | 河南艾农生物科技有限公司 | Matrix for tobacco floating seedling |
| CN110199828A (en) * | 2019-06-26 | 2019-09-06 | 赣州市花卉研究所 | A kind of melon-fruit-like vegetable seedling medium and its preparation method |
| CN114402951A (en) * | 2022-02-17 | 2022-04-29 | 宜宾市农业科学院 | Flue-cured tobacco wet seedling raising substrate and seedling raising method thereof |
| CN115380917A (en) * | 2022-08-22 | 2022-11-25 | 江苏里下河地区农业科学研究所 | Preparation and application method of long-acting water regulator in breeding mode of rice and shrimp |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101401539A (en) * | 2008-11-05 | 2009-04-08 | 河南省烟草公司南阳市公司 | Base material for floating cultivation of cigarette seedling and preparation method thereof |
| CN102417419A (en) * | 2011-09-06 | 2012-04-18 | 山东光大肥业科技有限公司 | Special bio-organic fertilizer for liquorice and preparation method thereof |
| CN102442849A (en) * | 2011-10-13 | 2012-05-09 | 雷震 | Disease-preventing bio-organic fertilizer prepared from straw and its preparation method |
-
2012
- 2012-07-30 CN CN2012102656872A patent/CN102754590A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101401539A (en) * | 2008-11-05 | 2009-04-08 | 河南省烟草公司南阳市公司 | Base material for floating cultivation of cigarette seedling and preparation method thereof |
| CN102417419A (en) * | 2011-09-06 | 2012-04-18 | 山东光大肥业科技有限公司 | Special bio-organic fertilizer for liquorice and preparation method thereof |
| CN102442849A (en) * | 2011-10-13 | 2012-05-09 | 雷震 | Disease-preventing bio-organic fertilizer prepared from straw and its preparation method |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103229706A (en) * | 2013-05-20 | 2013-08-07 | 湖南省烟草公司永州市公司 | Organic matrix for culturing tobacco seedlings |
| CN103229706B (en) * | 2013-05-20 | 2015-07-01 | 湖南省烟草公司永州市公司 | Organic matrix for culturing tobacco seedlings |
| CN104885889A (en) * | 2015-05-12 | 2015-09-09 | 河南艾农生物科技有限公司 | Matrix for tobacco floating seedling |
| CN110199828A (en) * | 2019-06-26 | 2019-09-06 | 赣州市花卉研究所 | A kind of melon-fruit-like vegetable seedling medium and its preparation method |
| CN114402951A (en) * | 2022-02-17 | 2022-04-29 | 宜宾市农业科学院 | Flue-cured tobacco wet seedling raising substrate and seedling raising method thereof |
| CN115380917A (en) * | 2022-08-22 | 2022-11-25 | 江苏里下河地区农业科学研究所 | Preparation and application method of long-acting water regulator in breeding mode of rice and shrimp |
| CN115380917B (en) * | 2022-08-22 | 2024-04-26 | 江苏里下河地区农业科学研究所 | Preparation and application methods of long-acting water regulator for rice and shrimp breeding mode |
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Application publication date: 20121031 |