CN103392571A - Functional flower and plant cultivation substrate - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a functional flower and plant cultivation substrate which comprises components of 40-50 parts of earthworm casts, 10-20 parts of rotten organic fertilizer, 5-10 parts of peat, 5-10 parts of fungus dregs, 3-5 parts of slow release formulations, 0.0005-0.001 part of plant growth inhibitors, and 0.0005-0.001 part of plant growth control inhibitors. The functional flower and plant cultivation substrate has the advantages that activities and outcomes of the earthworms can coordinately produce for plants plant living factors such as water, fertilizer, air, and heat so as to promote the plant growth, increase the plant production, and improve the quality of the plants.

Description

A kind of functional flowers and trees cultivation matrix

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of functional flowers and trees cultivation matrix, specifically a kind of flowers and trees cultivation matrix that supports plant root growth, the many Lifestyle factors of coordination supply, alleviates the several functions such as continuous cropping obstacle and stubble-cleaning that integrates.

Background technology

Substrate culture refers to fix its root system and absorb nutrient solution and the plant cultivation method of oxygen by matrix in certain place or container.According to statistics, 90% soilless culture form is all substrate culture in the world.Soilless culture substrate is that the somatomedin of the stable water of coordinating, gas, fertile structure can be provided for plant, it is except supporting, fixedly plant, the more important thing is the carrier that serves as nutrient and moisture, make nutrient and moisture from nutrient solution be able to transfer, root system of plant is therefrom selected to absorb as required.Matrix is basis and the core of soilless culture.So the selection of matrix is the key of cultivation success or not.The research that is used for the various matrix of soilless culture progressively becomes the comprehensive problem of the subjects such as agronomy and horticulture.Along with deepening continuously of research, the early stage extensive various inorganic and organic substrate that uses shows its shortcomings and limitations gradually, novel functional organic culture substrate starts to occur and show good characteristic in utilization, becomes the developing direction of matrix research and development.

At present the most frequently used cultivation matrix is mainly the inorganic matrixes such as vermiculite, perlite and rock wool, and the organic substrate such as peat (claiming again the peat composed of rotten mosses).High water retention property and the laminated structure of expanded vermiculite, coordinate air in matrix and water balance, has simultaneously the fixed support plant, plant nutrition is provided, the multiple effects such as water conservation, fertilizer conservation and improvement matrix physical behavior.Many hollow billets space of its particle surface of perlite and ventilation space provide huge surface area for it keeps moisture and nutrient component, and the drain and the ventilation condition that very are fit to also are provided simultaneously.The rock wool quality is loose, permeability is good, is the cultivation matrix of many national extensive uses in the world today equally.Peat not only loose porous, have ventilating permeable and a larger specific surface area preferably, also have abundant fiber content, stronger absorption and sequestering power is strong, and higher ion exchange and salt balance control ability, also have the performance that strengthens plant drought, disease-resistant, anti-low temperature, anti-salt marsh concurrently, be widely used especially.These matrix can be used separately, also can mix and use according to certain ratio.

Although above matrix has many advantages, but its shortcoming is separately arranged.Need add nutrient solution as Soilless culture, and peat is the non-renewable resource of limited amount and short-term etc.Since the later stage eighties in last century, American-European countries has issued and implemented relevant environmental regulation in succession, as the discharging of forbidding nutrient solution impels soilless culture progressively to environment-friendly type, economical, poly-talented direction, to change in order to avoid lower or earth surface water source is impurely forbidden the exploitation of peat resource etc.

The deficiency of existing flowers and trees matrix on market: on market existing flowers and trees matrix often because causing the hardening of self and underlay soil, permeability is bad, nutrient balance variation, shock-absorbing capacity diminish etc., be unfavorable for promoting seedling growth, even cause plant to show nutritional deficiency symptom and some other physiological disease when serious, affect the performance of substrate culture superiority.Owing to irrigating comparatively frequently, in matrix, various nutritive elements are easy to run off and enter surface water or underground water, contaminated environment.Most matrix after using continuously, also can cause that microbial diversity decline, self-control and repair function weaken, the harmful microorganism amount reproduction, cause plurality of plant diseases, harm nursery stock normal growth.

Summary of the invention

The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of flowers and trees cultivation matrix that supports plant root growth, the many Lifestyle factors of coordination supply, alleviates the several functions such as continuous cropping obstacle and stubble-cleaning that integrates.

In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution used in the present invention is: a kind of functional flowers and trees cultivation matrix, and its innovative point is: the composition by following component forms:

Earthworm excrement 40-50 part, organic fertile 10-20 part of becoming thoroughly decomposed, peat 5-10 part, edible fungi residues 5-10 part, sustained release agent 3-5 part, plant growth inhibitor 0.0005-0.001 part, plant growth control agent 0.0005-0.001 part.

The invention has the advantages that: earthworm, by the decomposition and inversion to organic substance, promotes the Nutrient Cyclings such as carbon, nitrogen phosphate and sulfur, increases the organic materials nutrient supply and, by improvement, coordination to its structure, meets better the various requirement of plant growth; Earthworm has surprising phagocytic activity, its day, the amount of eating can reach the several times of its body weight, but the multiple enzymes such as digestive tract extracellular proteinase, lipase, cellulase, chitinase, amylase, these enzymes have stronger biocatalysis to the decomposition of most organic wastes; Organic substance is utilized by direct assimilation by the earthworm rear small part of ingesting, most of through in the earthworm body grind with squeezing action after discharge with graininess, play the effect that is similar to extruder grain, thereby reach the purpose of physical modification; Simultaneously, in the earthworm body cavity, microbe species is various, activity is very high, and organic decomposition and conversion have been accelerated in the synergy between the intestinal secretion thing, and the earthworm excrement of generation has very strong adsorption capacity, can effectively remove or suppress the foul smell that produces in organic materials composting process; In addition, the earthworm metabolic activity also can produce the large number of biological active substance, is conducive to promote plant growth, strengthens crop resistance and improves crop quality.

Embodiment

Functional flowers and trees cultivation matrix in the present invention consists of the composition of following component:

Earthworm excrement 40-50 part, organic fertile 10-20 part of becoming thoroughly decomposed, peat 5-10 part, edible fungi residues 5-10 part, sustained release agent 3-5 part, plant growth inhibitor 0.0005-0.001 part, plant growth control agent 0.0005-0.001 part.

Do specific description below in conjunction with form as an example of the watermelon cultivation example, table 1 is the impacts of different seedling mediums on the watermelon seedlings form, table 2 be different seedling mediums on the watermelon seedlings biomass and strong sprout index impact, table 3 is that watermelon seedlings that different substrates is educated is transplanted to the upgrowth situation on continuous cropping soil, table 4 is the impact of different culture media confrontation the yield of watermelon, table 5 is the impact of different planting on the watermelon part index of quality, and table 6 is the basic physical and chemical of different disposal matrix.

Wherein the T1 in form, T2 are the matrix of compounded by earthworm casts, and T3, T4 are the composite matrix of cow dung, and T5, T6 are the composite matrix of peat, and CK is market matrix, and English lower case represents that between the same column different disposal, difference reaches 5% significance level.

Shown by the data shown in table 1, plant height, the stem of the watermelon plant that T2 processes is thick, the number of blade is all maximum, is secondly respectively T1, T4, T3, CK, T6 and T5.By inferior can find out watermelon that earthworm excrement composite interstitial substance processes plant height, stem is thick and several indexs of the number of blade on all be significantly higher than other several processing, and between earthworm excrement matrix treatments, difference is little.

Shown by the data shown in table 2, the watermelon total dry weight that T2, T1 process is significantly higher than other each processing, reaches respectively 0.7016,0.6985 g, next T4, T3, CK, T6, T5.Strong sprout, index was that data can be found out from table 2 for one of comparatively comprehensive index of the evaluation of watermelon seedlings quality, and the watermelon seedlings index in strong sprout that earthworm excrement, the matrix that cow dung is composite bring out is significantly higher than the processing of market matrix, peat growing medium.

Shown by the data shown in table 3, the climing length of plant master that T1, T2 process is the longest, reach 162.1,171.8 cm, be significantly higher than other each processing, the climing length of plant master that T5 processes is the shortest, is only 92.2 cm, significantly lower than other each, process, from death rate of the onset, do not use each processing of earthworm excrement matrix, the watermelon lethality is all more than 67.5%; And the T1, the T2 that contain the earthworm excrement process, lethality is only 27.5% and 22.5%, significantly lower than other each, processes low 64 of other each matrix treatments of watermelon lethality average specific of compounded by earthworm casts matrix treatments, as seen, compounded by earthworm casts matrix has fairly obvious effect to overcoming continuous cropping obstacle of watermelon.

Shown by the data shown in table 4, the watermelon single fruit weight that T2 processes is the highest, reaches 2.426 kg, is significantly higher than other each processing, is secondly T1, T4, T3, CK, T5, T6 processing, and the watermelon single fruit weight that T5, T6 process is minimum, significantly lower than other each, processes.Earthworm excrement matrix formulations can significantly improve the output of watermelon.

Shown by the data shown in table 5, watermelon center pol, the limit pol that earthworm excrement substrate seedling is processed all is significantly higher than other each processing, wherein the watermelon center pol of 70% earthworm excrement matrix, 90% earthworm excrement matrix treatments is respectively 13.5%, 12.9%, and the limit pol is 10.3%.Grow seedlings watermelon center pol, the limit pol processed of peat growing medium all significantly processed lower than other each.

Shown by the data shown in table 6, between the multinomial physicochemical property of T1, T2 and T5 processing and CK matrix used, difference is less, T3 processes unit weight and is significantly higher than CK, and T4 processes unit weight significantly lower than CK, and the unit weight of all test matrix is all at the suitable scope of seedling medium (0.2 ~ 0.8 gcm ^-3) in, each total porosity of processing matrix is all significantly greater than CK, and the total porosity of all test matrix is all at optimum range more than 54%, water-holding capacity is greater than optimum range 150%, ventilating slit is between optimum range 10% ~ 50%, and wherein, T3 and T5 process and meet the requirement that desirable cultivation matrix gas-water ratio is 1:1 most, the gas-water ratio of T1 and T2 is all too small, the gas-water ratio of T4 is excessive, the excessive or too small growth that all is unfavorable for plant of gas-water ratio, and gas-water ratio is excessive, the matrix ventilatory effect is good, but fertilizer-preserving ability is poor; Gas-water ratio is too small can cause anoxic in matrix again, be unfavorable for the growth of seedlings root, except the pH of CK processing matrix is too low, the pH of other seedling mediums is 6.46 ~ 6.68, between culture matrix pH optimum range 5.8 ~ 7.0, the pH of earthworm excrement is 6.8 left and right, take the earthworm excrement as main matrix, forms, and can effectively control pH in scope.

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Table 5

Table 6

Claims (1)

1. functional flowers and trees cultivation medium, it is characterized in that: the composition by following component forms:

Earthworm excrement 40-50 part, organic fertile 10-20 part of becoming thoroughly decomposed, peat 5-10 part, edible fungi residues 5-10 part, sustained release agent 3-5 part, plant growth inhibitor 0.0005-0.001 part, plant growth control agent 0.0005-0.001 part.